KR20140096777A - Collision prevention System and Method for Digital Addressable Lighting Interface System - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a collision preventing system for a digital addressable lighting interface (DALI) system and a method thereof and, more specifically, to a collision preventing system for a digital addressable lighting interface system and a method thereof, capable of preventing the collision of signals outputted from a plurality of devices in a single bus based on digital addressable lighting interface communication.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a collision avoidance system and a digital addressable lighting interface system,

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for preventing collision of a digital addressable lighting interface system (DALI) system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for preventing collision in a digital- Addressable light interface system for preventing a collision of a signal in a single bus, and a method thereof.

A digital addressable lighting interface system (hereinafter referred to as DALI) communication is a two-layered bus that allows communication of up to 64 interfaces per bus at a low voltage have. DALI communications monitor and control the status of components connected to the system through the interface.

The messages used in the DALI system are in the form of a serial data stream and consist of an address part and a command part. The DALI device uses digital data expressing '0' and '1' using two different voltage levels and communicates using each address in broadcast form. In general, DALI communication has 64 address settings and 16 group address settings.

In such a DALI communication, a device composed of a master and a plurality of sensors and switches is connected through two buses, so that signals outputted from one or more devices simultaneously through the same bus overlap each other and damage occurs in the signal .

Therefore, in the related art, it is proposed to set a priority order for output messages for each device through Patent Document No. 2012-0095153, and to retransmit data after a set waiting time when a collision occurs.

However, since the conventional technology does not detect that the data is currently being transmitted or the transmission is completed on the bus and recognizes that the device collides with the signal in the bus after outputting the signal to the master, And conflicts are inevitable. Therefore, conventionally, there is a problem that damage may occur to a signal occupied by a bus even if it is retransmitted after a collision occurs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a DALI communication system which detects the presence or absence of a signal occupying a bus in a communication process between a master and one or more devices, The present invention provides a device and method for preventing collision of a digital-addressable lighting interface system that calculates a transmission completion time and transmits a signal to prevent a signal from being collided in a bus.

The present invention includes the following embodiments in order to achieve the above object.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention converts a control signal applied from a management server through a Digital Addressable Lighting Interface System (DALI) communication line and outputs the control signal to the DALI communication line Master; And an illumination lamp for transmitting and receiving a signal including a control and inquiry command through the master and DALI communication lines and having one or more sensors and switches and at least one installed therein, Wherein one of the devices is in a DALI communication state with a master, a switch, and a sensor, the devices other than the device are in a DALI communication standby state, and the device in a standby state is set in accordance with a unique address The output is adjusted so as to prevent collision of different signals in the DALI communication line as the communication available time is calculated by accumulating and calculating the waiting time for each priority.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the one or more devices accumulate wait time set in accordance with a priority set for each unique address of a device in a communication standby state in the DALI communication line to calculate a total wait time, And an operation module for performing the operation.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the at least one device calculates and counts the waiting time for each priority in the communication standby state and the waiting time for each command in the DALI communication line, Or a calculation module for calculating a time for outputting a response signal in accordance with a transmission signal of another device to prevent collision of different signals in the DALI communication line.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of controlling a master and one or more devices via a communication line of a Digital Addressable Lighting Interface System (DALI) A DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface System) collision prevention method for preventing a collision of signals transmitted from a master and one or more devices, Setting a waiting time in a differential manner, setting a waiting time differentially for each command received from the master, and storing the waiting time in a computing module installed in the at least one device; A receiving step in which the one or more devices receive a signal transmitted from the master or another device through a DALI communication line after the setting step; Determining whether or not the IDs included in the signals received by the operation module included in each of the one or more devices in the receiving step match the self ID; Determining whether there is a pre-occupied signal in the DALI communication line in the calculation module after the ID matching determination step; A counting step of counting time in the operation module if there is an accumulated waiting time in the step of determining whether or not the cumulative waiting time exists; And a transmission step of controlling the calculation module to output a signal to the DALI communication line when counting of the waiting time is completed in the counting step.

In another embodiment of the present invention, in the collision avoidance method of the digital-addressable lighting interface system, the calculation module collectively receives transmission signals of the master or other device in the ID match determination step, And determines whether the unique ID included in the received signal matches the ID of the device to which the device belongs. If the ID does not coincide with the ID of the device to which the device belongs, And a waiting time accumulating step of calculating and accumulating how much standby time is to be obtained.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the waiting time accumulating step may include a step of determining whether the ID included in the transmission signal of the master or the other device in the calculation module included in each device in the ID match determination step is unique to the device Determining a waiting time for each address of the device having the unique address according to the priority according to the address if the ID does not match; A wait time for each command to confirm the wait time set in the received command; An arithmetic operation step of calculating a waiting time of the corresponding device by summing the waiting time per priority and the waiting time per instruction; A waiting time accumulating step of accumulating the waiting time calculated in the calculating step in the total waiting time of the device currently in the communication waiting state; And a counting step of counting the total waiting time accumulated in the waiting time accumulating step.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preventing collision of a digital-addressable lighting interface system includes connecting to a DALI communication line in the computing module so that a transmission signal output from one or more devices does not collide with other signals in the bus It is preferable to check the cumulative waiting time of all the devices which are connected to the DALI communication line, and if there is the total cumulative waiting time, output the same through the DALI communication line after counting of the cumulative waiting time.

The present invention detects the presence or absence of a signal occupying the bus first and calculates the waiting time of the signal and the accumulated signal to calculate the latency time itself so as to transmit the signal. There is no need to perform retransmission because the collision of output signals does not occur, so that transmission and reception can be performed in a shorter time, and an error due to signal collision is not generated.

1 is a block diagram showing an anti-collision apparatus of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a sensor unit in the anti-collision apparatus of the digital-addressable illumination interface system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a switch unit in the anti-collision apparatus of the digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a collision avoidance method of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a waiting time accumulating step in a collision avoidance method of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a collision avoidance method of the digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention;
7 is a waveform diagram showing another example of a collision avoidance method of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an apparatus and method for preventing collision of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram illustrating an anti-collision apparatus of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention.

1, a collision avoidance apparatus of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention includes a management server 10 for transmitting a control command, at least one device 30 connected through a DALI communication line, And a master 20 for transmitting commands to the at least one device 30 from the management server 10.

The configuration of the management server 10, the master 20, and one or more devices 30 will be described below.

The management server 10 applies an inquiry, control and setting command to the master 20 and one or more devices 30 to the master 20 and receives a response transmitted by the master 20 do.

The master 20 converts a signal applied from the management server 10 into a signal suitable for the DALI communication line and outputs the signal to the management server 10. The master 20 transmits a response signal received from the at least one device 30 and the illumination unit 34 to the management server 10, (10) to output a recognizable signal.

The at least one device 30 includes at least one sensor unit 31 for receiving a sensor detection signal from the outside and transmitting a control signal of the illumination unit 34, One or more switch units (32) for outputting signals to the control server (10), and at least one illumination lamp for receiving control signals of the management server (10) through a DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) And a lighting unit 34 having at least one dimming controller for adjusting the brightness of the illuminating lamp according to the ambient illuminance.

The sensor unit 31 is as shown in FIG. 2 below. 2 is a block diagram showing the sensor unit 31 in the collision avoidance apparatus of the digital-addressable illumination interface system according to the present invention.

2, the sensor unit 31 includes a sensing module 311 for outputting a sensing signal, a sensor communication module 312 for outputting sensing signals of the sensing module 311 through a DALI communication line, And a calculation module (33) for calculating a transmission completion time of data currently being transmitted in the DALI communication line and a transmittable time of the sensor unit (31).

Here, the sensing module 311 includes a sensor for controlling a lighting device in a building including a human body sensor for sensing a human body, a temperature sensor for sensing a fire or a smoke sensor.

The sensor communication module 312 applies a signal sensed by the sensing module 311 to the master 20 or the illumination unit 34. Here, the sensor communication module 312 transmits a detection signal in the DALI communication line after the counting of the waiting time calculated by the calculation module 33 is completed.

The operation module 33 stores setting information including a unique address of each device 30, a waiting time for each priority set for each unique address, and a waiting time set according to a command type of the master 20. Therefore, when the control command or the inquiry command of the master 20 is applied through the DALI communication line, the calculation module 33 checks the unique address of each device 30 included in the signal, The waiting time of each device 30 which is set in accordance with the communication wait time is accumulated and the waiting time of the corresponding device 30 is accumulated to calculate the outputable time of the device.

Accordingly, the calculation module 33 accumulates the waiting time and the transmission completion time set in real time through the signal transmitted from the DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) communication line and the unique address of the device 30 that outputs the signal, And calculates and counts the communication available time of the sensor communication module 312. The calculation module 33 controls the sensor communication module 312 to transmit a signal when the waiting time is counted.

 3 is a block diagram illustrating a switch unit in the collision avoidance apparatus of the digital-addressable illumination interface system according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, the switch unit 32 includes a switch input module 321 for outputting a signal by a user's operation, a signal outputting unit 321 for outputting the signal output from the switch input module 321 to a lighting unit A calculation module for calculating the transmission time of the switch communication module 322 by cumulatively calculating the waiting time and the transmission completion time of the device 30 occupying the DALI communication line, (33).

The calculation module 33 receives the signal including the ID of the other device 30 and cumulatively calculates the waiting time according to the priority order of the device 30 and the waiting time set according to the command so that the switching communication module 322 , And applies the result to the switch communication module 322. [ The calculation module 33 stores the same setting information as the calculation module 33 of the sensor unit 31 described above.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and may include a master 20 and an illumination unit 34 and may include a DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) communication line.

The digital addressable lighting interface system including the above-described configuration is a system in which one or more devices 30, each having a unique ID set in one master 20, are physically bundled into one Respectively. For example, the master 20 and the one or more devices 30 are set to unique addresses of 0 to 63. Wherein the at least one device (30) comprises an illumination portion (34).

Accordingly, the at least one device 30 collectively receives all the signals output from the master 20 or the other device 30, checks a unique ID included in the signal, Lt; / RTI >

Therefore, according to the present invention, a priority is set for each address of one or more devices 30 connected to a DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) communication line, and a waiting time is set differentially according to a priority and a command type of the master 20 And stores the setting information in the calculation module (33) installed in each device (30).

The operation module 33 collectively receives the control or inquiry command output from the master 20 or the other device 30 in each device 30 and transmits the control or inquiry command to the device 30 having the unique address The priority and the waiting time can be calculated and the waiting time of all the devices 30 in the communication line waiting for communication in the current communication line can be accumulated to calculate the transmission available time.

For example, the sensor unit 31 is set as the first rank, the wait time is set to 1 ms, the switch unit 32 is set to the second rank, the wait time is set to 2 ms, and the illumination unit is set to 3 rank. At this time, the master 20 transmits an inquiry command to the sensor unit 31 and applies a control command to the switch unit 32. In addition, the illumination unit 34 is in communication with the master 20. Therefore, the lighting unit 34 is excluded from the calculation of the waiting time because it is currently in communication, and calculates the waiting time of the remaining device 30 in the communication waiting state.

Here, the inquiry command is set to a waiting time for a response of each device 30 to 7 ms. Accordingly, the sensor unit 31 has a waiting time of 1 ms, which is a priority waiting time, and a waiting time of 7 ms, which is 8 ms.

That is, although the switch unit 32 is set in the second order, the waiting time of 2 ms is set, but it is possible to accumulate the response wait time of the sensor unit 31 and transmit the signal after 9 ms after the response wait time of 7 ms is added to 2 ms.

This is because the switch unit 32 receives the inquiry command transmitted from the master 20 to the sensor unit 31 and calculates the waiting time according to the priority order of the sensor unit 31 and the waiting time according to the inquiry command And calculates the time available for transmission by itself.

That is, according to the present invention, the at least one device 30 calculates the waiting time according to the priority order and the waiting time according to the received command to calculate the time available for the self-transmission, so that one or more signals overlap in the DALI communication line made up of a single bus So that the collision of signals can be prevented in advance.

This is completely different from a retransmission after a predetermined time when a conventional collision occurs. The collision is not caused by outputting a signal after confirming presence or absence of a signal occupied in the communication line so as not to collide with the signal. do.

The present invention includes the above-described structure. Hereinafter, the operation of the system will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7. FIG.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a collision avoidance method of a digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention.

4, a setting step S11 for setting a waiting time set according to the priority of each device 30 according to an address and a waiting time according to a command word of the master 20, (S13) for determining whether the ID included in the received signal matches the set ID, a step S13 for determining whether the ID contained in the received signal matches the ID stored in the DALI communication line, A counting step S15 of counting a time if there is a waiting time accumulated in the cumulative waiting time existence judgment step S14; and a counting step S15 of counting a waiting time in the counting step S15. And a transmission step (S16) of transmitting a signal when the counting of the time is completed.

The setting step S11 sets a unique address for each of the at least one device 30 connected to the DALI communication line, sets a priority order for each address to set a waiting time differentially, And setting a wait time for each type of received command. In addition, the setting step (S11) assigns and sets a unique ID to the one or more devices (30).

For example, the one or more devices 30 are set as addresses 0 to 63, and sequentially set the waiting time of the device 30 having the address of 63 sequentially from 0 to 0 to 63 ms. Therefore, the device 30 of 0 has a waiting time of 0 seconds, the devices 30 of 10 have a waiting time of 10 ms, and the devices 30 of 63 have a waiting time of 63 ms.

The receiving step (S12) is a step of receiving a signal from the master (20) at the one or more devices (30). Here, since the one or more devices 30 are connected to the DALI communication line connected by a single bus, the signal output from the master 20 is received by the entire device 30. [

The ID match determination step S13 may be performed in the calculation module 33 included in the entire device 30 that collectively receives the transmission signals of the master 20 or the other devices 30, And checks whether the unique address matches the ID of the device 30 to which it belongs. Here, the calculation module 33 receives a transmission signal of the master 20 or the other device 30, checks the type of the unique ID included in the received signal, Time can be calculated, which is calculated through the waiting time accumulating step (S17). The waiting time accumulating step (S17) will be described later with reference to FIG.

The step S14 of determining whether or not the cumulative waiting time has elapsed is a step of determining whether or not the cumulative waiting time exists in the device 30 set in the ID coinciding with the unique ID included in the transmission signal of the master 20 or the other device 30 It is determined whether the waiting time of the other device 30 connected to the DALI communication line is determined before the response signal corresponding to the transmission signal of the master 20 or the other device 30 is transmitted from the calculation module 33 . As described above, the present invention is provided with the operation module 33 for each device 30 as described above. As the transmission signals of the master 20 or other devices 30 are collectively received, So that the device 30 waiting for communication can confirm it.

Therefore, the operation module 33 sets the difference between the wait time of the priority of the device 30 that matches the ID of the transmission signal of the master 20 or the other device 30 received from the previous time and the instruction of the master 20 As the waiting time is accumulated in real time, the device 30 to which the device 30 belongs can calculate and check the time available for transmission through the DALI communication line.

Therefore, in the step S14 of determining whether or not the cumulative waiting time exists, the calculation module 33 determines whether there is an accumulated waiting time by confirming whether or not there is a device 30 in a communication waiting state in the DALI communication line. As a result of the determination, if the accumulation waiting time does not exist, the calculation module 33 proceeds to the next transmission step S16 or proceeds to a counting step S15 of counting the accumulated waiting time if there is a cumulative waiting time.

The counting step S15 is a step in which if the device 30 which is in the state of waiting for the calculation result of the calculation module 33 exists in the cumulative waiting time existence step S14, The waiting time set in accordance with the priority order set in the master 30 and the waiting time set in accordance with the command of the master 20 are accumulated and counted. This will be described with reference to FIG.

For example, the switch unit 32 of priority 4 receives the transmission signal of the master 20 or the other device 30 first from the DALI communication line and transmits the transmission completion signal of the fifth device 30 And accumulates and counts all of the waiting time t1 of the priority order and the response waiting time t2 set in the receiving instruction word at the time point.

The transmitting step S16 is a step of outputting a signal after the cumulative waiting time is not present or the cumulative waiting time is counted in the cumulative waiting time existence determination step S14 or the counting step S15.

As described above, according to the present invention, the latency for each priority and the latency for each command are set, and the waiting time of the device 30 in the communication standby state is cumulatively counted in all the DALI communication lines. Therefore, unlike in the prior art, no retransmission of the signal is required, a faster response can be achieved, and no error due to signal collision occurs.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a waiting time accumulation step in the collision avoidance method of the digital-addressable lighting interface system according to the present invention.

5, the waiting time accumulating step may include a waiting time accumulating step of accumulating waiting time included in transmission signals of the master 20 or the other devices 30 in the calculation module 33 included in each device 30 in the ID matching determination step (S171) for checking the wait time according to the priority of the device (30) having the unique address if the ID does not match the unique ID of the device (30) (S172) for checking the waiting time for each command received by the device 30, and a calculation time for calculating a transmission time of the corresponding device 30 by adding the waiting time for each priority and the waiting time for each command A waiting time accumulating step S174 for accumulating the waiting time in the wait time of the device 30 which is currently in the communication standby state and a counting step for counting the total wait time accumulated in the waiting time accumulating step S174 And a (S175).

In the waiting time for each priority (S171), the calculation module (33) checks the address of the unique ID included in the transmission signal of the master (20) or the other device (30) And checking the wait time for each rank.

The waiting time for each command (S172) is a step for confirming a command included in the transmission signal of the master (20) or the other device (30) in the calculation module (33) Preferably, the wait time for each command is set by the user according to the type of the command. For example, in order to control a lighting device installed in a fire station, a command for the lighting unit 34, which can indicate a fire outbreak, should be prioritized over other commands. Therefore, the lighting command of the master 20 to the lighting device indicating the emergency dispatched by the fire station is set to a priority order higher than any command, and the waiting time is set to o or 1 ms.

The operation step S173 is a step of calculating the transmission time of the device 30 by summing up the waiting time determined in the waiting time for each priority and the waiting time for each command (S171, S172).

The waiting time accumulating step S174 is a step of calculating a waiting time of the device 30 occupying the current DALI communication line or the device 30 waiting for communication in the waiting time of the device 30 calculated in the calculating step S173 Respectively.

The counting step S175 is a step of counting time after the waiting time accumulating step S174.

The above description has described features for preventing a collision in a DALI communication line by calculating a waiting time for a response to a transmission signal of the master 20 or the other device 30. In addition, the present invention also proposes a technique for preventing transmission signals output from the device 30 from colliding with other signals in the bus.

That is, for example, when the switch installed by the user's operation is turned on in the switch input module 321, the switch unit 32 outputs the switch through the DALI communication line through the switch communication module 322 . At this time, the calculation module 33 can check the above-described accumulated waiting time and determine whether the device 30 is in the communication standby state in the current DALI communication line. Therefore, if there is no accumulated waiting time, the operation module 33 outputs the switch input signal through the DALI communication line after the lapse of the waiting time for each priority set.

Alternatively, if there is the accumulated waiting time, the calculation module 33 counts and transmits the waiting time for each priority in the counting of the accumulated waiting time.

Therefore, as described above, since no collision of different signals occurs in the DALI communication line made up of a single bus, the delay and the error of the retransmission after the occurrence of the collision do not occur.

The present invention may be embodied in various forms without departing from the scope of the invention. That is, if the modified embodiment includes essential components of the claims of the present invention, it should be considered that the present invention belongs to the scope of the present invention.

10: management server 20: master
30: Device 31: Sensor unit
32: switch unit 33: operation module
34: illumination unit 311: sensing module
312: sensor communication module 321: switch input module
322: Switch communication module

Claims (7)

A master for converting a control signal applied from a management server through a DALI (Digital Intermediate Lighting Interface) communication line and outputting the converted control signal to the DALI communication line; And
And an illumination lamp for transmitting and receiving a signal including a control and inquiry command through the master and DALI communication lines and having one or more sensors and switches and at least one installed thereon, One or more devices,
Wherein when any one of the devices is in a DALI communication with a master, a switch, and a sensor, the devices other than the device are in a DALI communication standby state,
The device in the standby state accumulates and computes the waiting time for each priority set according to the unique address to calculate the time available for communication so that the output is adjusted so that collision of different signals is prevented in the DALI communication line. - an anti-collision device of an addressable lighting interface system. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more devices
And a calculation module for calculating a total waiting time by accumulating the waiting time set in accordance with the priority set for each unique address of the device in the communication standby state in the DALI communication line and calculating a communication time, . The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more devices
A DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) communication line calculates and counts a waiting time for each priority of a device in a communication standby state and a response waiting time for each command to determine a time for outputting a response signal according to a transmission signal of the master or another device Wherein the DALI communication line includes a calculation module for calculating a difference between the DALI communication line and the DALI communication line, thereby preventing collision of different signals in the DALI communication line. A master and one or more devices via a communication line of a Digital Addressable Lighting Interface System (hereinafter referred to as " DALI ") system to prevent collision of signals transmitted from the master and one or more devices in the DALI communication line A method for preventing collision of a digital addressable lighting interface system (DALI)
The address of the master and the one or more devices and a unique ID are set and a priority is set to set the waiting time in a differential manner to set a waiting time differentially for each command received from the master, In a calculation module installed in the mobile terminal;
A receiving step in which the one or more devices receive a signal transmitted from the master or another device through a DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) communication line after the setting step;
Determining whether or not the IDs included in the signals received by the operation module included in each of the one or more devices in the receiving step match the self ID;
Determining whether there is a pre-occupied signal in a DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) communication line in the computing module after the ID matching determination step;
A counting step of counting time in the operation module if there is an accumulated waiting time in the step of determining whether or not the cumulative waiting time exists; And
And a transmission step of controlling the calculation module to output a signal to the DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) communication line when counting of the waiting time is completed in the counting step. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein in the collision avoidance method of the digital-addressable light interface system,
The calculation module collectively receives the transmission signal of the master or the other device in the ID matching determination step, determines a unique e-mail address included in the received signal, determines whether the ID matches the ID of the device to which it belongs, And a waiting time accumulating step of calculating and accumulating how much waiting time the other device has by checking the unique ID and the type of the instruction included in the received signal if the ID of the device belonging to the device does not match with the ID of the device, A method for preventing collision of a sidelight interface system. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the waiting time accumulating step
If the ID included in the transmission signal of the master or the other device does not match the unique ID of the device to which the master or the other device belongs in the operation module included in each device in the ID match determination step, A waiting time determination step of checking the waiting time according to the ranking;
A wait time for each command to confirm the wait time set in the received command;
An arithmetic operation step of calculating a waiting time of the corresponding device by summing the waiting time per priority and the waiting time per instruction;
A waiting time accumulating step of accumulating the waiting time calculated in the calculating step in the total waiting time of the device currently in the communication waiting state; And
And a counting step of counting the total waiting time accumulated in the waiting time accumulating step. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the collision avoidance method of the lighting interface system
A cumulative waiting time of all devices connected to the DALI communication line is checked in the calculating module so that a transmission signal output from one or more devices does not collide with other signals in the bus, (DALI) communication line after the counting of the total cumulative waiting time is completed. The digital-addressable lighting interface system of claim 1,

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