KR20140073675A - Evapotranspiration estimating method using satellite and computer readable recording medium storing program performing the method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to a method for calculating an evapotranspiration amount using satellite observation data and is capable of calculating an evapotranspiration amount by using a downward shortwave radiation amount and a surface temperature observed by a satellite.
Evapotranspiration means the amount of water vaporized by the evaporation phenomenon on the ground or surface and the evaporation phenomenon which is released into the atmosphere through the leaf surface of the plant. It is a main component of the water circulation process, , And estimating the amount of water resources required.
The amount of evapotranspiration can be determined using an evapotranspiration measurement system or a calculation formula derived from aerodynamic techniques and energy balance.
Although the actual measurement using the evapotranspiration system can obtain the result that sufficiently reflects the actual evapotranspiration phenomenon, there is a limit to the composition of the dense observation network. Therefore, the determination of the evapotranspiration in a wide area, which can be used as the data for the actual water resource analysis, In particular, there is a problem that it is impossible to apply it to an untreated watershed with no observation facilities or insufficient facilities.
Therefore, in the conventional water resource analysis, a method of estimating evapotranspiration through various calculation formulas of the proposed empirical formula based on the above-described aerodynamic technique, energy balance and actual measurement data is utilized, A method of indirectly calculating the amount of evapotranspiration and analyzing the water circulation of the watershed is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2011-0053776.
In general, the formula for calculating the evapotranspiration amount is a net factor, which is the energy that causes the evapotranspiration phenomenon of the sun's radiant energy. The net radiation amount in the prior art is the amount of sunshine, And indirectly estimated by various empirical equations established on the basis of regional factors such as the latitude and the covering condition of the area.
The empirical equation for estimating net radiation is a kind of conversion formula established through comparative analysis between estimates and measured values based on climatic and geographical factors and reflects the various constants that set the relationship between the elements and the characteristics of each element The calculation of the net radiation amount through the empirical equation is based on the accurate measurement and application of the climate element or the local element as the input value, do.
Although the net radiation amount and the evapotranspiration amount according to the prior art can be misinterpreted as a definite method in that the calculation is performed by a formal formula, most of the coefficients in the net radiation amount and evapotranspiration formula can be obtained from accumulated long- The results of this study are based on the extensive data collected from the region and can be regarded as a stochastic method in practice. There is nothing.
In particular, considering the recent extreme global weather events such as abnormal rainfall and abnormal weather, and the recent extreme changes in the hydrological quantity of water, the conventional evapotranspiration formula is not sufficient to establish a long-term water resource plan. There is a serious problem that sufficient reliability can not be secured.
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention was conceived to overcome the above-described problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for estimating the amount of evapotranspiration by using satellite observation data, And it is possible to calculate the evapotranspiration amount that substantially reflects the characteristics of the entire area.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for calculating an evapotranspiration amount using satellite observation data, wherein a downward shortwave radiation amount (Rsd) and an earth surface temperature (Ts), which are satellite observation data, A satellite data input step S10, a weather data input step S20 for inputting a temperature Ta, a dew point Td and an air pressure Pa for the area to calculate the evapotransduction amount, the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd, (Rlu) as a function of the downward longwave radiation amount Rld and the surface temperature Ts, which are functions of the temperature Ta and the dew point Td, using the temperature Ts, the temperature Ta and the dew point Td, A net radiation amount calculation step S31 for calculating a net radiation amount Rn which is a function of the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd, the downwing longwave radiation amount Rld and the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu, ) And the temperature Ta data and the net radiation amount Rn calculated in the step S31 of calculating the net radiation amount And an evapotranspiration amount calculating step (S32) of calculating an evapotranspiration amount ET as a function of the net radiation amount Rn, the atmospheric pressure Pa and the air temperature Ta.
The meteorological data input step S20 is a step of inputting the meteorological temperature Ts inputted in the satellite data input step S11 into the regression curve between the surface temperature Ts and the temperature Ta, (S21) input in the satellite data input step S11 and the surface temperature Ts input in the satellite data input step S11 are substituted into the regression curve between the surface temperature Ts and the dew point Td to be converted into the dew point Td A dew-point conversion step (S22) for inputting a pre-determined atmospheric pressure, and a pressure input step (S23) for inputting a pre-determined atmospheric pressure as an atmospheric pressure (Pa), and a method for calculating an evapotranspiration amount using the satellite Readable recording medium on which a program to be executed is recorded.
Through the present invention, it is possible to calculate the accurate evapotranspiration amount reflecting the characteristics of the actual evapotranspiration in the calculation of the evapotranspiration amount, and thus it is possible to provide useful basic data in the analysis of the rainfall runoff, estimation of the water resource abundance and simulation of various hydrological phenomena have.
In particular, it is possible to precisely calculate the evapotranspiration amount in real time by computerizing the observation data provided in real time via the satellite through the present invention, thereby not only grasping not only the total amount of evapotranspiration but also the change over time, A more accurate analysis and prediction of the phenomenon is possible.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view
2 is a flow chart
Figure 3 is a flowchart of a modified embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the regression curve between the surface temperature-temperature and the surface temperature-dew point of the present invention
The detailed configuration of the present invention will be described as follows.
In the present invention, the amount of evapotranspiration is calculated by an evapotranspiration calculation formula in which the net radiation amount (Rn, net radiation, W / m 2), which is the energy causing the evapotranspiration phenomenon, / ㎡), the following Priestley-Taylor formula can be given as the calculation formula of the evapotranspiration amount composed of the main factor.
In the above equation (1), ET and Pa are an evapotranspiration amount (mm) and an atmospheric pressure (kPa), respectively.
Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure curve and is expressed as a function of the temperature (Ta, ° C) as follows:
As shown in Equations (1) and (2), the amount of evapotranspiration can be calculated through the net radiation amount, atmospheric pressure, and the temperature. Here, the atmospheric pressure and the temperature are representative weather elements, .
Therefore, in the present invention, the key to the estimation of the evapotranspiration amount is the net radiation amount (Rn). In the prior art, the climatic factors such as the amount of sunshine, temperature and humidity and the geographical coverage W / m < 2 >) from the radiation energy balance relationship using the satellite observation data (Rsd, incoming short wave radiation, W / .
The relationship between the radiation input from the sun to the earth and the radiation reflected and emitted from the earth is as shown in FIG. 1, which can be expressed as follows.
(W / m2), incoming long wave radiation (W / m < 2 >), albedo (Rb) (W / ㎡) and net radiation (W / ㎡), wherein the albedo (?) Is a constant of 0.1 to 0.3 as the reflectance of sunlight.
In the relation of Equation (3), the net radiation amount (Rn) means the radiant energy consumed in the phase change of the surface material in the sun and the earth, And the phase change such as liquefaction or vaporization of the soil is extremely small. When the phase change does not occur, the absorbed radiant energy causes the temperature rise of the surface material and is emitted in the form of upward long wavelength radiation. Consequently, It can be equated with the energy consumed in the evaporation of water on the surface of the earth.
Since the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd expressed by the surface arrival solar radiation (solar radiation insolation) is provided as the satellite measurement data, if the downward longwave radiation amount Rld and the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu are substituted into Equation 3 The net radiation amount Rn can be calculated.
The lower longwave radiation amount (Rld, W / ㎡) is the amount of longwave radiation incident on the earth from the sun and is calculated by the following Brutsaret equation.
In Equation (4), σ is a Stefan-Boltzmann constant of 5.67 × 10 -8 , Ta is the temperature (° C.), Ea is the actual vapor pressure (dt) kPa) expressed by the following equation.
Therefore, the downward longwave radiation amount Rld (W / m 2) can be expressed as a function of the air temperature Ta, ° C and the dew point Td (° C).
Upward longwave radiation (Rlu) is the amount of longwave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, that is, the amount of infrared radiation. Using the Stefan-Boltzmann's law that the total amount of radiant energy emitted from the object surface is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature And this Stefan-Boltzmann's law can be expressed by the following equation.
In Equation (6), σ is the aforementioned Stefan-Boltzmann constant, ε is the emissivity, Ts is the absolute temperature (K) of the object surface, and is the perfect In the case of a black body, the emissivity (ε) is 1, but since the surface of the earth can not be a complete black body, it is desirable to apply a value less than 1.
In Equation (6), the surface temperature can be applied to the absolute temperature Ts (K) of the surface of the radiator, and the surface temperature can be easily obtained through the satellite thermal sensor.
As described above, the evapotranspiration amount ET is calculated using the net radiation amount Rn, the atmospheric pressure Pa, the atmospheric temperature Ta, the dew point Td, and the surface temperature Ts using Equations 1 to 6 And can be calculated as follows.
The final estimator ET of the present invention can be defined as a function of the net radiation amount Rn, the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure curve Δ and the atmospheric pressure Pa as shown in Equation 1 and the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure curve The amount of evapotranspiration in the present invention is a function of the net radiation amount Rn, the atmospheric pressure Pa and the air temperature Ta in the present invention as a function of the air temperature Ta as shown in Equation (2) And can be defined as follows.
In Equation (7), the net radiation amount Rn can be defined as a function of the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd, the downward longwave radiation amount Rld, and the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu, as shown in Equation (3) In the following,
Here, the downward longwave radiation amount Rld can be defined as a function of the air temperature Ta and the actual vapor pressure Ea as in Equation (4), and the actual vapor pressure Ea again becomes the dew point Td as shown in Equation (5) The downward longwave radiation amount Rld in the present invention can be defined as a function of the temperature Ta and the dew point Td of the target area.
In Equation (8), the upward longwave radiation amount (Rlu) can be defined as a function of the surface temperature (Ts, K) of the target area as shown in Equation (6) .
As a result, the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu, which is a function of the downward longwave radiation amount Rld and the surface temperature Ts, which are functions of the air temperature Ta and the dew point Td, is calculated The net radiation amount Rn, the atmospheric pressure Pa and the air temperature Ta after calculating the net radiation amount Rn which is a function of the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd, the downwing longwave radiation amount Rld and the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu, (Pa), temperature (Ta) and dew point (Td) of the input data can be used as the basic climatic factor. Shortwave radiation (Rsd) and surface temperature (Ts) can utilize satellite observations.
In the present invention, the EV calculation is performed using the satellite observation data and the side observation data. The detailed process will be described as follows.
As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 1 illustrating the process of calculating the amount of evapotranspiration (ET) according to the present invention, the present invention provides a satellites for inputting satellite downward radiation amount Rsd and surface temperature Ts A data input step S10 and a meteorological data input step S20 where the air temperature Ta, the dew point Td and the atmospheric pressure Pa are input to the area to be evacuated.
The units of the net radiation amount Rn, the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd, the downward longwave radiation amount Rld and the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu applied in the equations (1) to (10) are W / , Which can be regarded as an amount of radiation per second, but it can be regarded as a form in which the concept of time is virtually excluded. This means that the measurement and transmission of the satellite to the downward shortwave radiation amount (Rsd) This is due to the fact that the concept of time is excluded from instantaneous values.
Among the input data of the present invention, the downward shortwave radiation amount (Rsd) and the surface temperature (Ts), which are satellite observation data, are instantaneous values instantaneously measured by optical means such as a thermal image sensor, These downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd and the surface temperature Ts provided in the above-described method are regarded as average values of the measurement main period.
Therefore, the evapotranspiration per second (ET, mm) is computed using the one-time measurement of the satellite, and the evapotranspiration per minute (ET, mm) It is preferable to calculate the time or day evapotranspiration amount (ET, mm) in terms of data.
That is, the unit time of the evapotranspiration (ET, mm) is extended to yield a hydrologically significant result. At this time, the observations of the ground surface are applied as the climate element input in the meteorological data input step (S20) The mean temperature Ta, the average dew point Td and the average atmospheric pressure Pa of the air temperature Ta, the dew point Td and the atmospheric pressure Pa and the evolving amount ET, mm are applied.
When the satellite observation data and the ground side observation data for performing the present invention are input, the data of the downward shortwave radiation (Rsd), the surface temperature (Ts), the temperature (Ta) and the dew point (Td) And the downstream shortwave radiation amount Rld and the downstream longwave radiation amount Rld after calculating the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu which is a function of the downstream longwave radiation amount Rld and the surface temperature Ts as a function of the dew point Ta and the dew point Td, A net radiation amount calculating step S31 for calculating the net radiation amount Rn which is a function of the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu is performed.
That is, the downward longwave radiation amount Rld is calculated using Equation (9) described above, the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu is calculated using Equation (10), and then the net radiation amount Rn is calculated .
Then, a function of the net radiation amount Rn, the atmospheric pressure Pa, and the temperature Ta (Ta) is calculated by using the aforementioned atmospheric pressure Pa and temperature Ta data and the net radiation amount Rn calculated at the net radiation amount calculation step S31 (ET, mm) from Equation (7), the present invention is completed.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of evapotranspiration (ET) and the amount of evapotranspiration (ET) by observing only satellite observation data by excluding the temperature (Ta), dew point (Td) So that it can be calculated.
That is, in the above-described meteorological data input step (S20), it is not necessary to input the observation value on the ground side as the air temperature Ta, the dew point Td and the air pressure Pa, A temperature conversion step S21 in which Ts is input into a regression curve between a surface temperature Ts and a temperature Ta and then converted into a temperature Ta; A dew point conversion step S22 that is input into the regression curve between the dew point Td and the dew point Td and converted into the dew point Td and the pressure input step S23 in which the predetermined atmospheric pressure is input as the atmospheric pressure Pa, By constructing the input step (S20), it is possible to calculate the evapotranspiration amount (ET) based on purely satellite observation data, and to calculate the agile real time of evapotranspiration (ET) or to calculate the evapotranspiration (ET) of the undersampled watershed .
A regression curve for converting the surface temperature Ts into the temperature Ta during the temperature conversion step S21 and a regression curve for converting the surface temperature Ts during the dew point conversion step S22 into the dew point Td are shown in FIG. (Ts), temperature (Ta) and dew point (Td) data observed at the same time and at the same point, as shown in Fig. Regression curves and surface temperature-regression curves between dew points are established in advance, and a regression curve that reflects the closest regional characteristics to the untreated watershed is applied to determine the accuracy (accuracy) of the untreated watershed evapotranspiration calculation Can be improved.
The pre-determined atmospheric pressure in the atmospheric pressure inputting step (S23) means that a pre-determined value is input as the atmospheric pressure (Pa) instead of the actual measured value as in the dictionary meaning, ET), the average atmospheric pressure calculated based on past observations can be applied as the pre-determined atmospheric pressure. In the case of the unmetered basin, the mean atmospheric pressure of other regions with similar regional characteristics is borrowed As shown in FIG.
In particular, when the atmospheric pressure (Pa) is relatively small compared with other climatic factors, it is necessary to calculate the evapotranspiration amount (ET) for the ungaged watershed or the rapid real time calculation of the evapotranspiration amount (ET) ) To a pre-determined atmospheric pressure, a significant approximation of the evapotranspiration amount (ET) can be obtained.
S10: Satellite data entry step
S20: Entering weather data
S21: Temperature conversion step
S22: Dew point conversion step
S23: Pressure input step
S31: Estimation of net radiation amount
S32: Calculation step of evapotranspiration
Claims (3)
A satellite data input step (S10) in which a downward shortwave radiation amount (Rsd) and an earth surface temperature (Ts), which are satellite observation data, are input to an area for calculating an evapotransmission amount;
A meteorological data input step (S20) for inputting a temperature (Ta), a dew point (Td) and a pressure (Pa)
The lower longwave radiation amount Rld and the surface temperature Ts (Ts) as a function of the air temperature Ta and the dew point Td are calculated using the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd, the surface temperature Ts, the air temperature Ta and the dew point Td data, ), Which is a function of the downward shortwave radiation amount Rsd, the downwing longwave radiation amount Rld and the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu after calculating the upward longwave radiation amount Rlu, (S31);
The amount of evapotranspiration (which is a function of the net radiation amount Rn, the atmospheric pressure Pa, and the air temperature Ta) using the air pressure Pa and the temperature Ta data and the net radiation amount Rn calculated in the net radiation amount calculation step S31 ET) calculated in the step (S32) of calculating an evapotranspiration amount using the satellite.
A temperature conversion step S21 in which the surface temperature Ts inputted in the satellite data input step S11 is inputted into the regression curve between the surface temperature Ts and the temperature Ta and converted into the temperature Ta;
A dew point conversion step S22 of inputting the satellite temperature data Ts inputted in the satellite data input step S11 into the regression curve between the surface temperature Ts and the dew point Td to be converted into the dew point Td and then inputted;
And a pressure input step (S23) of inputting the pre-determined atmospheric pressure as the atmospheric pressure (Pa).
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104077475A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-01 | 北京师范大学 | Global integrated land surface evapotranspiration and estimation system and method based on multiple algorithms |
| CN104459052A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Vegetation evapotranspiration monitoring device and method suitable for complex surface |
| CN106814373A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-09 | 武汉大学 | Weighted Atmospheric Temperature Used is estimated and tropospheric delay integration method |
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| KR20190066791A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-14 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Method of downward shortwave radiation calculation at the surface |
| CN111273376A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-12 | 北京师范大学 | Downscaling sea surface net radiation determination method, system, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN104077475A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-01 | 北京师范大学 | Global integrated land surface evapotranspiration and estimation system and method based on multiple algorithms |
| CN104459052A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Vegetation evapotranspiration monitoring device and method suitable for complex surface |
| CN104459052B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-05-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of vegetation that is applicable to complicated earth surface evapotranspire monitoring device and method |
| KR20180008056A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-24 | 강릉원주대학교산학협력단 | Method of retrieval of outgoing longwave radiation at top-of-atmosphere using Himawari-8 AHI sensor data |
| CN106814373A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-09 | 武汉大学 | Weighted Atmospheric Temperature Used is estimated and tropospheric delay integration method |
| CN106814373B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2019-09-10 | 武汉大学 | Weighted Atmospheric Temperature Used estimation and tropospheric delay integration method |
| KR20190066791A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-14 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Method of downward shortwave radiation calculation at the surface |
| CN111273376A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-12 | 北京师范大学 | Downscaling sea surface net radiation determination method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN116720624A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | River basin vegetation evapotranspiration prediction method based on remote sensing data |
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