KR20140052444A - Apparatus for combining polarization rotator reflector with optical waveguide and reflection type optical delay interferometer apparatus - Google Patents

Apparatus for combining polarization rotator reflector with optical waveguide and reflection type optical delay interferometer apparatus Download PDF

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KR20140052444A
KR20140052444A KR1020120118543A KR20120118543A KR20140052444A KR 20140052444 A KR20140052444 A KR 20140052444A KR 1020120118543 A KR1020120118543 A KR 1020120118543A KR 20120118543 A KR20120118543 A KR 20120118543A KR 20140052444 A KR20140052444 A KR 20140052444A
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optical
optical waveguide
waveguide
optical fiber
groove
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KR1020120118543A
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Korean (ko)
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조정식
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에스케이텔레콤 주식회사
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/126—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
    • G02B6/2766—Manipulating the plane of polarisation from one input polarisation to another output polarisation, e.g. polarisation rotators, linear to circular polarisation converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
    • G02B2006/12104—Mirror; Reflectors or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133—Functions
    • G02B2006/12147—Coupler
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133—Functions
    • G02B2006/1215—Splitter

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention relates to an optical coupling device between an optical waveguide and a polarization rotation reflective element and a reflection type optical delay line interferometer using the same.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an optical coupling device between an optical waveguide and a polarization rotation reflective element, comprising: an optical fiber for receiving guided light having passed through the optical waveguide at one end thereof and transmitting the guided light to the polarization rotation reflective element connected to the other end; And a support for supporting one end of the optical fiber, and an optical delay interferometer using the same.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical coupling device between an optical waveguide and a polarization rotating reflective element, and a reflective optical delay interferometer device using the same.

An embodiment of the present invention relates to an optical coupling device between an optical waveguide and a polarization rotation reflective element and a reflection type optical delay line interferometer using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to an optical coupling device between an optical waveguide and a rotating reflective element for coupling an optical waveguide such as a planar optical waveguide with a polarization rotating reflective element when implementing an optical waveguide-based interferometer, and a reflective optical delay interferometer .

The contents described in this section merely provide background information on the embodiment of the present invention, but do not necessarily constitute the prior art.

A planar optical waveguide is an optical element that can perform a specific function of controlling the propagation characteristics of a beam by forming a waveguide that can control the direction of light on a planar substrate.

An optical device using a planar waveguide has advantages of excellent stability and high integration compared to a fiber-based device. It can be applied to an amplitude modulator and a phase modulator based on a silica-based coupler, an array waveguide grating (AWG), an optical interleaver, a delay interferometer, and a lithium niobate based.

The planar optical waveguide is formed by depositing a core material of a waveguide having a suitable refractive index on a flat substrate such as silicon or silica and etching the waveguide according to the designed waveguide shape to form a core, Clad) is deposited on the substrate. The planar optical waveguide exhibits a birefringence characteristic in which the refractive index varies depending on the polarization state of the beam due to a phenomenon in which the cross-sectional shape of the core is quadrangular and the cladding layer is a heterogeneous material. The polarization dependent characteristics of an optical device are generally represented by values such as polarization dependent loss (PDL) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD).

As described above, the planar optical waveguide is remarkably birefringent, unlike the waveguide of the optical fiber type, and the polarization dependence characteristic is remarkable. In particular, when an asymmetric interferometer such as a delay interferometer or an optical interleaver is constructed using a planar waveguide, a polarization dependent wavelength shift (PDWS) phenomenon occurs due to birefringence.

The PDWS depends on the effective refractive index of the waveguide when the polarization of the input beam is different from that of TE (Transverse Electric) polarized light or TM (Transverse Magnetic) polarized light. The polarization dependent wavelength transition (PDWS) This phenomenon refers to inconsistency. When the amount of wavelength shift (PDWS) is negligible by several percent compared to the free spectral range (FSR) of the interference spectrum, the effective transmission band narrows and the characteristics of the device are degraded. In general, a delay interferometer with a large asymmetric length difference is more sensitive to the polarization dependent wavelength shift (PDWS) phenomenon because the transmission band is very narrow compared to the optical interleaver.

In order to solve the polarization dependent wavelength shift (PDWS) phenomenon of the planar waveguide based delay interferometer, a method of effectively suppressing the polarization dependent wavelength transition phenomenon by coupling the Faraday reflection mirror can be used. However, the optical fiber pigtail A method of direct coupling using a Butt Coupling or a Ferrule may be used to combine the absent Faraday reflection mirrors. However, when such a connection method is used, due to the weight of the Faraday rotation mirror, Physical force is applied to the optical fiber to weaken the durability and cause a large optical coupling loss.

In order to solve such a problem, an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that, when a polarized-light reflection element such as a Faraday reflection mirror is coupled to an optical waveguide, a physical force is not applied to the coupling part, Optical coupling loss due to the optical coupling loss.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an embodiment of the present invention relates to an optical coupling device between an optical waveguide and a polarization rotation reflecting element, wherein guided light having passed through the optical waveguide at one end is transmitted to the rotating reflecting element connected to the other end Pigtail optical fibers; And a support for supporting one end of the pigtail optical fiber.

Wherein the supporting portion has a predetermined length and width and is fixed to a substrate including the optical waveguide, wherein one side of the supporting portion is arranged to be parallel to the optical waveguide, a groove is formed on the one side of the supporting portion, The pigtail optical fiber may be positioned, and the groove may be V-shaped.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reflection type optical delay line interferometer including: a coupler for splitting an input optical signal into two optical signals; A first optical waveguide having a first optical delay path for transmitting a first optical signal that is one of the two optical signals, and a second optical signal coupled to the coupler, the second optical signal being another one of the split optical signals, A second optical waveguide having a delay path and an asymmetrical second optical delay path, and a planar optical waveguide having the coupler, the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide integrated on one substrate; A first pigtail optical fiber for transmitting a guided light output of the first optical waveguide that has passed through the first optical delay path to a first polarized light reflection element and a first support portion for supporting one end of the first pigtail optical fiber ; And a second pigtail optical fiber for transmitting a guided light output of the second optical waveguide passing through the second optical delay path to a second polarized-light rotation reflecting element, and a second support for supporting one end of the second pigtail optical fiber, An optical coupling unit provided with the optical coupling unit; A first polarization rotating reflective element connected to the first pigtail optical fiber; And a second polarization rotating reflective element connected to the second pigtail optical fiber.

Wherein the first support portion has a predetermined length and width and is fixed to a substrate including the first optical waveguide, one side of the first optical waveguide is arranged to be parallel to the first optical waveguide, Wherein the first groove is formed in the first groove and the first pigtail optical fiber is disposed in the first groove and the second support is fixed to the substrate having the predetermined length and width and including the second optical waveguide, A second groove is formed in one side of the second waveguide in a waveguide light output direction of the second waveguide, and the second pigtail optical fiber is located in the second groove, .

The first groove and the second groove may be V-shaped.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, when a polarization rotating reflection element such as a Faraday rotation mirror is coupled to an optical waveguide, a physical force is applied to the coupling part even when the external environment changes due to the flexibility of a predetermined pigtail optical fiber. And the optical coupling loss generated in the coupling portion is reduced.

In addition, when constructing a Michelson type interferometer by using a planar optical waveguide and a Faraday rotation mirror, it is possible to improve the stability of the interferometer while securing the convenience of optical coupling, and also, when coupling the pigtail optical fiber to the planar optical waveguide, Since the V-groove is used, the coupling process is convenient and the assembly quality of the interferometer is improved.

1 is a diagram illustrating an optical delay interferometer apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a top view of the first optical coupler 140, which is one of the optical couplers 140 and 150.
3 is a view illustrating the shapes of the pigtail optical fiber 141 and the support portion 142. As shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in interference visibility V value according to a difference in length and temperature of two optical fibers when a light source having a wavelength of 1550 nm is used.
5 is a diagram showing the lengths and temperature differences of two optical paths for maintaining a certain value of interference sharpness.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary drawings. It should be noted that, in adding reference numerals to the constituent elements of the drawings, the same constituent elements are denoted by the same reference symbols as possible even if they are shown in different drawings. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

1 is a diagram illustrating an optical delay interferometer apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, an optical delay interferometer 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a coupler 110, a first optical waveguide 120, a second optical waveguide 130, a first optical coupler 140 A second optical coupling unit 150, a first polarization rotation reflection element 160, and a second polarization rotation reflection element 170. In this embodiment, the optical delay interferometer 100 includes the coupler 110, the first optical waveguide 120, the second optical waveguide 130, the first optical coupler 140, the second optical coupler 150, The first polarized-light rotation reflecting element 160, and the second polarized-light rotating reflecting element 170. However, this is merely a description of the technical idea of the present embodiment by way of example, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the elements included in the optical delay interferometer apparatus 100 without departing from the essential characteristics of the present embodiment. Here, the first optical coupling unit 140 and the second optical coupling unit 150 are embodiments of the optical coupling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The optical delay interferometer apparatus 100 includes a planar waveguide-based asymmetric delay element, a light coupling portion, and a polarization rotation reflection element 160, 170.

The asymmetric delay element includes a coupler 110 and a first optical waveguide 120 and a second optical waveguide 130 constituting an asymmetric optical delay path.

The coupler 110 divides the input optical signal (or beam) into two optical signals.

The first optical waveguide 120 has a first optical delay path connected to the coupler 110 and transmitting a first optical signal, which is one of the two optical signals divided.

The second optical waveguide 130 is connected to the coupler 110 and transmits a second optical signal, which is another one of the two optical signals, and has an optical delay path different in length from the first optical delay path.

The optical coupling unit includes a first optical coupling unit 140 and a second optical coupling unit 150. The first optical coupling unit 140 and the second optical coupling unit 150 may have the same configuration.

The first optical coupler 140 transmits the output of the first optical waveguide 120 that has passed through the first optical delay path to the first polarization rotating reflector 160 and the second optical coupler 150 transmits And transmits the output of the second optical waveguide 130, which has passed through the two optical retardation paths, to the second polarized-light rotation reflecting element 170.

The polarization rotating reflection elements 160 and 170 include a first polarization rotation reflection element 160 and a second polarization rotation reflection element 170.

The first polarized-light reflection element 160 is connected to the first optical waveguide 120. The second polarized-light rotation reflecting element 170 is connected to the second optical waveguide 130. The first polarized-light rotation reflecting element 160 and the second polarized-light rotating reflecting element 170 have the same configuration.

The first polarization rotating reflector 160 and the second polarizing rotating reflector 170 reflect the input optical signal and rotate the input optical signal and the polarized light of the reflected optical signal, respectively. That is, the first polarization rotation reflection element 160 is configured to reflect the first optical signal and rotate the first optical signal and the polarization of the reflected first optical signal. The second polarization rotating reflective element 170 is configured to reflect the second optical signal and to rotate the polarization of the second optical signal and the reflected second optical signal.

Meanwhile, a Faraday reflection mirror may be used as the polarization rotation reflection elements 160 and 170.

The first and second optical signals reflected and rotated by the polarized light are transmitted through the optical fibers of the first and second optical coupling parts to the first and second paths and output to the input of the optical delay interferometer device via the coupler.

The coupler 110 may be implemented in various forms such as a directional coupler, a multi-mode interference (MMI) coupler, or an optical output splitter in the form of a Y- have.

2 is a view showing a view from above of the optical coupling part 140 which is one of the optical coupling parts 140 and 150. FIG 3 is a view illustrating the shape of the pigtail optical fiber 141 and the supporting part 142 to be.

The first optical coupler 140 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG.

The first optical coupler 140 includes a pigtail optical fiber 141 and a support 142.

One end of the pigtail optical fiber 141 is connected to the output end of the first optical waveguide 120 and receives the guided light of the first optical waveguide 120 passing through the first optical delay path, Is connected to the first polarized-light reflection element 160.

The supporting portion 142 is a support for one end of the pigtail optical fiber 141 having a predetermined length and width and is fixed to the substrate including the first optical waveguide 120. One side of the supporting portion 142 is fixed to the first Is formed to be parallel to the output direction of the optical waveguide (120). The substrate including the first optical waveguide 120 is moved in the direction of the arrow and fixed to the supporting portion 142 as shown in Fig.

The support portion 142 is provided with a groove 144 in a direction in which the output of the first optical waveguide 120 is generated on one side of the support portion 142. The groove 144 is formed such that the optical fiber contacts one side of the support portion 142 The portion has a V-shaped or U-shaped shape. One end of the pigtail optical fiber 141 is positioned on one side of the support portion 142 to fix or support one end of the optical fiber 141. That is, when attaching the one end of the pigtail optical fiber 141 to the substrate including the first optical waveguide, it is possible to provide the convenience and rigidity of the optical alignment and the coupling so that the distance between the first optical waveguide 120 and the pigtail optical fiber 141 It is possible to improve the stability of the optical coupling of the light emitting diode.

Here, as a method of forming the V-shaped groove 144 of the support portion 142, there is a method of digging the V-shaped groove 144 in the material used as the support portion, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The pigtail optical fiber 141 is further provided with a lid (not shown) covering the pigtail optical fiber 141 on one side of the support 142 where the one end of the pigtail optical fiber 141 is located, .

On the other hand, the optical fiber 141 used for the pigtail is formed into a shape that encloses an inner medium having a large refractive index and a medium having a small refractive index. An inner medium having a large refractive index is called a core, (Cladding). Accordingly, the light entering the core according to the difference in the refractive index of the light can not escape out of the core but continues to travel along the inside thereof, and is transmitted to the first polarized-light rotation reflecting element 160 through the other end of the pigtail optical fiber 141.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the optical couplers 140 and 150 use a short pigtail optical fiber 141 for manufacturing an optical sub-assembly (OSA).

Due to the flexibility of the optical fiber 141 used for the pigtail, the Faraday rotation mirror OSA due to the housing manufacturing tolerance of the support 142, the polarization rotation reflecting elements 160 and 170, contraction / expansion due to temperature, Even if a positional shift occurs, other mechanical force is not applied to the coupling portion due to the flexibility of the pigtail optical fiber 141, and the coupling loss can be prevented from increasing.

Since the second optical coupler 150 has the same structure as the first optical coupler 140, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

On the other hand, the length of the pigtail optical fiber 141 must be within the stability range of the Michelson interferometer.

The instability due to the pigtail optical fiber 141 is proportional to the length of the pigtail optical fiber 141, the thermodynamic coefficient and the thermal expansion coefficient as shown in Equation (1).

Figure pat00001

(Thermo-Optic coefficient, α: Thermal expansion coefficient, n: refractive index, T: temperature, and l: length).

Further, the tensile force and the resulting change in refractive index caused by the increase in coating length of the pigtail optical fiber 141 can be expressed by Equation (2).

Figure pat00002

Where σ is the stress, ε is the strain, p e is the strain-optical coefficient, and Δε is the amount by which the optical fiber stretches due to expansion of the optical fiber coating, Can be expressed.

Figure pat00003

Where A is the cross-sectional area, and E is the modulus of elasticity.

On the other hand, the pigtail optical fiber 141 calculates the change of the effective optical path length by using known values as shown in Table 1 as follows.

Figure pat00004

That is, the effective light path length has an effect such that Δ (nl) = 1 × ΔT × 1.15 × 10 -5 / o C.

The phase deviation between the optical paths formed by the two pigtail optical fibers in the optical waveguide-based interferometer generated as described above follows Equation (4).

Figure pat00005

In addition, the change in the interference visibility due to the phase deviation is expressed by Equation (5).

Figure pat00006

If a light source having a wavelength of 1550 nm is used, the change of the V value according to the length and temperature of the two optical fibers is as shown in FIG.

The length and temperature difference of the two optical paths for maintaining the interference visibility of 99.9%, 99.5%, 90% or more show the tendency shown in FIG.

In the interferometer housing in temperature equilibrium state, the temperature deviation can be controlled to 0.01 o C or less. Therefore, even if the optical fiber pigtail length is several tens of millimeters, the sharpness of 99.9% or more can be maintained.

Generally, it is necessary to obtain an interference sharpness of 99% or more so that it can be regarded as a stable interferometer. o For C or less, a pigtail length of about 30 mm should be maintained. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the optical fiber pigtail length is kept within 30 mm.

The present invention can be applied to a Michelson interferometer based on a flat fluorescent waveguide. The present invention also relates to a phase modulation-based quantum cryptographic key distribution scheme for inducing an interference phenomenon by arranging an asymmetric Michelson interferometer in a transmitter and a receiver. System.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are intended to illustrate rather than limit the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be construed according to the following claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, when a polarization rotation reflection element such as a Faraday reflection mirror is coupled to an optical waveguide, a physical force is not applied to the coupling portion even when the external environment changes, This is a useful invention because it has the effect of reducing the optical coupling loss.

Claims (6)

An optical coupling device between an optical waveguide and a polarization rotation reflective element,
An optical fiber for receiving guided light having passed through the optical waveguide at one end and transmitting the guided wave to the polarized rotation reflecting element connected to the other end; And
A supporting portion for supporting one end of the optical fiber,
And the optical coupling device comprises: The method according to claim 1,
The supporting portion is fixed to a substrate including the optical waveguide having a predetermined length and width, and one side of the supporting portion is arranged to be parallel to the optical waveguide, and a groove is formed on the one side of the supporting portion in an output direction in which the guided light is generated ,
And the optical fiber is positioned in the groove. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the groove is V-shaped. A polarized-light rotating reflective element coupling device,
A coupler for dividing the input optical signal into two optical signals;
A first optical waveguide connected to the coupler, the first optical waveguide having a first optical delay path for transmitting a first optical signal, which is one of the two split optical signals;
A second optical waveguide connected to the coupler and transferring a second optical signal that is another one of the two split optical signals, and having a second optical delay path that is asymmetrical with the first optical delay path;
A first optical fiber for receiving the guided light of the first optical waveguide passing through the first optical delay path and a first support for supporting one end of the first optical fiber; And
A second optical fiber for receiving the guided light of the second optical waveguide passed through the second optical delay path, and a second support for supporting one end of the second optical fiber,
And a reflection type optical delay line interferometer. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the first support portion has a predetermined length and width and is fixed to a substrate including the first optical waveguide, one side of the first optical waveguide is arranged to be parallel to the first optical waveguide, Wherein the first groove is formed in the output direction in which the first optical fiber is located,
Wherein the second supporting portion has a predetermined length and width and is fixed to a substrate including the second optical waveguide, one side of the second supporting portion is disposed in parallel with the second optical waveguide, Wherein the second groove is formed in the output direction in which the second optical fiber is formed, and the second optical fiber is disposed in the second groove. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the first groove and the second groove are V-shaped.
KR1020120118543A 2012-10-24 2012-10-24 Apparatus for combining polarization rotator reflector with optical waveguide and reflection type optical delay interferometer apparatus KR20140052444A (en)

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