KR20130134514A - Electricity generation system of ocean thermal energy conversion using cooling water of condenser and solar energy - Google Patents

Abstract

A power generation system by ocean temperature difference using solar heat and discharged water from a condenser is disclosed. The power generation system by ocean temperature difference using solar heat and discharged water from the condenser comprises: a solar heat storage unit which generates heated fluid by pressurizing and heating the fluid with the solar heat; and a desalinization unit for power generation which generates power by steam generated from heat exchanging with the heated fluid by vaporizing seawater discharged from the condenser of another power generation system in an offshore facility having thermal or nuclear energy and which generates fresh water by heat-exchanging the discharged steam with deep water. [Reference numerals] (AA) Power;(BB) Deep water

Description

Electricity Generation System Of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Using Cooling Water Of Condenser And Solar Energy}

The present invention relates to a marine temperature differential power generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat, and more particularly, by evaporating the seawater discharged from the condenser of the other power generation system including the thermal power or combined thermal power of the marine facility including the ship or offshore plant at low pressure The present invention relates to a marine temperature differential power generation system that forms steam and heat exchanges superheated fluid formed by heating with pressurization and solar heat to increase enthalpy of steam to increase power generation efficiency.

The power plant generates steam using the heat of combustion generated when burning fuel and generates electricity using it. In the steam cycle of the power plant, the retrieval of steam discharged after the generator is an important process is associated with steam cycle efficiency. In terms of energy use, thermal power generators convert only 40% of the fuel into electricity, 13% of them lost in the combustion process and generators, and 47% of them lost by cooling water. In addition, the cooling water used in the multiple processes of steam has a significant environmental impact when discharged at elevated temperatures.

1 is a view showing a conventional power generation system, the operation of the power plant is described schematically with reference to FIG.

The feed water delivered to the boiler drum 12 is fed into the boiler via a tube, converted to steam by the heat of combustion of the fuel, and again superheated to a substantial high temperature in the superheater 14 to become superheated steam of high temperature and high pressure. The superheated steam is fed to the high pressure turbine 16 to rotate the high pressure turbine 16 and then sent to the reheater 18. The reheater 18 converts the low temperature reheat steam passed through the high pressure turbine 16 into high temperature reheat steam having high superheat. The formed reheat steam flows into the medium pressure turbine 20. The intermediate steam turbine 20 is rotated and the discharged steam is finally delivered to the condenser 2 after the low pressure turbine 22 is rotated.

The water (plural) condensed by the cooling water in the condenser 2 is delivered to the low pressure feed water heater 6 by a condensate extraction pump (CEP: 4). In the low pressure feed water heater 6, the feed water is heated by extraction steam supplied from the low pressure turbine 22.

The feed water heated in the low pressure feed water heater 6 is passed through a deaerator (not shown) to remove dissolved gases.

The degassed water is supplied to the high pressure water heater 11 by a Boiler Feedwater Pump (BFP: 8). The water supplied to the high pressure water heater 11 by the water feed pump 8 is further heated by a high temperature bleeding supplied from the high pressure or medium pressure turbine 20 and then to the boiler drum 12 (corresponding to the circulating boiler). As it is supplied, a circulation cycle takes place.

Such a conventional power generation system may have a significant impact on the ecosystem by discharging the coolant used in multiple processes of the steam at an elevated temperature, and does not utilize the considerable heat energy transferred by the heat exchange to the coolant. have.

The present invention is to solve the conventional problems as described above, by increasing the enthalpy of the steam by heat-exchanging the superheated fluid formed by the heating using pressure and solar heat with steam, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency and To solve the problems caused by the installation of thermal power or electrical equipment.

In addition, by utilizing the cooling water discharged from the thermal power generation facilities including the nuclear power plant and nuclear power plants of ships or offshore plants, etc. for the generation of marine temperature differences, it reduces the environmental impact of the discharge of high-temperature cooling water, and transfers the heat transferred to the cooling water by heat exchange. I want to use it.

According to an aspect of the present invention, in the power generation system provided in a marine facility including a ship or offshore plant,

A solar heat storage unit for pressurizing the fluid and collecting and heating the solar heat to form a superheated fluid; And

Seawater discharged from the condenser of the other power generation system in the marine facility including thermal power or nuclear power to evaporate and produce electric power by water vapor generated by heat exchange with the superheated fluid, heat exchanged with the deep water to produce fresh water There is provided a marine temperature difference generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat, characterized in that it comprises a power generation fresh water.

The power plant desalination unit is configured to evaporate water vapor at low pressure from the seawater, a turbine generator to generate electric power by receiving the water vapor from the evaporator, and to cool the water vapor discharged from the turbine generator into the deep water to phase change into water. At least a portion of the deep water, including a condenser, wherein the temperature is elevated to be used to phase change the water vapor, may be introduced to the evaporator.

The power generation desalination unit may further include a raw water tank in which water changed in the condenser is stored.

The power generation fresh water unit is used to phase-change the water vapor in the condenser, a salinity sensor for detecting salinity of the seawater in the evaporator, a discharge pump for discharging the seawater to the outside of the evaporator when the seawater is above a set concentration; The apparatus may further include a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the deep water at which the temperature is increased.

The solar heat storage unit is a pressure pump for increasing the pressure of the fluid to be supplied, a solar heater connected to the pressure pump and absorbing and collecting solar heat to form the superheated fluid by heating the fluid, and through the heat exchange with the superheated fluid It may include a heat exchanger to increase the dryness of the water vapor or to make the wet steam superheated steam.

The solar heat storage unit may further include a heat exchange tube installed inside the heat exchanger to circulate the superheated fluid and perform heat exchange with the water vapor.

The heat exchanger is provided in a flow path connecting the evaporator and the turbine generator, so that the water vapor discharged from the evaporator has a superheat degree through heat exchange with the superheated fluid in the heat exchanger, or the dryness and enthalpy are increased, thereby increasing the turbine generator. Can be supplied.

The fluid may be selected from the group comprising water and seawater.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in the power generation method utilizing the condenser discharge water in a marine facility including a ship,

1) forming steam at low pressure by receiving the condenser discharge seawater discharged from other power generation systems including thermal power and nuclear power in the marine installation;

2) absorbing and collecting sunlight to heat the fluid to form a superheated fluid, and heat exchange the steam and the superheated fluid to increase the enthalpy of the vapor; And

3) There is provided a marine temperature difference generation method using a plurality of effluent discharge water and solar heat comprising the step of supplying the steam with an increased enthalpy to a steam turbine to produce electric power.

The superheated fluid is formed by increasing the boiling point by pressurizing the fluid, the steam may have a superheat degree or enthalpy increased by heat exchange with the superheated fluid.

The marine temperature difference generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat according to the present invention forms steam by evaporating the seawater discharged from the condenser of other power generation systems in a marine facility including thermal power or nuclear power at low pressure, and overheating formed by heating using pressurization and solar heat. The output of the generator can be increased by increasing the dryness and enthalpy of the steam by heat exchange with the fluid, or by generating superheated steam for power generation.

By utilizing the cooling water discharged from the condenser for the generation of ocean temperature difference, it is possible to reduce the environmental impact caused by the discharge of the high temperature cooling water, improve the efficiency of the power plant and produce fresh water through heat and solar heat transferred to the cooling water as heat exchange.

1 is a view schematically showing an example of a conventional power generation system.
2 is a view schematically showing the principle of the marine temperature difference generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing only the solar heat storage unit of FIG. 2.

In order to fully understand the present invention, operational advantages of the present invention, and objects achieved by the practice of the present invention, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

2 is a view schematically showing a marine temperature difference generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the marine temperature differential power generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat according to an embodiment of the present invention, pressurized fluid in a power generation system provided in a marine facility (S) including a ship or an offshore plant. The solar heat accumulator 100, which collects and heats the solar heat to form a superheated fluid, and the seawater W discharged from the condenser of another power generation system in the marine facility S including thermal power or nuclear power, is evaporated and overheated. It includes a power generation fresh water unit 200 for producing electric power by steam generated by heat exchange with the fluid, and heat exchanged with the deep water to produce fresh water.

That is, the present embodiment is a system for effectively utilizing the waste heat that is contained in the condenser cooling water (W) that is discharged to the sea by heating the power generation system in the marine facility (S) equipped with other power generation systems, such as conventional thermal power, nuclear power, etc. As a pre-installed power generation system, the system of the present embodiment may be additionally installed.

The seawater W used as the condenser cooling water of the power generation system absorbs about 47% of the heat contained in the steam, and thus the temperature rises to a considerable extent. In a typical thermal power plant, the temperature of the combustion gas reaches 1300 ~ 1650 ℃ in the superheater, 800 ~ 1100 ℃ in the reheater, 500 ~ 550 ℃ in the coal mill, and 350 ~ 450 ℃ in the preheater, even in the stacks where combustion gases are emitted Considering that it is a considerable high temperature of about 85 to 125 ° C, the steam of the power generation system or the cooling water (W) heat exchanged with the steam can reach a high temperature, which is the working fluid evaporator ( 210 may be introduced, and in this case, waste heat that has been absorbed by the cooling seawater in a plurality of processes may be used.

The power generation desalination unit 200 includes an evaporator 210 that forms water vapor at low pressure from seawater, a turbine generator 220 that receives water vapor from the evaporator 210, and generates electric power, and a steam turbine of the turbine generator 220. It includes a condenser 230 for cooling the discharged water vapor to the deep water to phase change into water, at least a portion of the deep water, the temperature of which is used to phase change the water vapor is introduced into the evaporator 210.

The use of the deep water in the condenser is because it is effective to use the deep water at low temperature for cooling the steam in the condenser of another power generation system or the condenser 230 of the present embodiment. However, since the deep water is distributed at a depth of 200 m or more, if the system of the present embodiment is applied to a place where the supply of the deep water is not easy, for example, a shallow coastal region, it is also possible to use general sea water instead of deep water. This also belongs to the scope of the present invention.

When the seawater (W) discharged from the condenser of the other power generation system is introduced into the evaporator 210, the water vapor is formed while the phase change by the internal pressure of the low pressure evaporator 210. For example, if the temperature of the seawater introduced into the evaporator 210 is about 30 ° C., the internal pressure of the evaporator 210 may be set to about 0.041329 kgf / cm 2.

The present embodiment may further include a low pressure facility (not shown), for example, a vacuum pump or an air ejector, to lower the pressure in the evaporator 210.

The power generation freshwater unit 200 may further include a raw water tank 240 in which the water changed in the condenser 230 is stored.

The power supplied to the power desalination unit 200 is deep water, that is, sea water, water formed through the phase change in the condenser 230 may be obtained as fresh water, and thus the present embodiment also has a desalination function of sea water. This embodiment provided a raw water tank 240 to store the fresh water thus formed.

The power generation desalination unit 200 includes a salinity sensor 250 for detecting salinity of seawater in the evaporator 210, a discharge pump 260 for discharging seawater to the outside of the evaporator 210 when the seawater is above a set concentration, and a condenser. It may further include a temperature sensor 270 used to phase change the water vapor at 230 to sense the temperature of the deep water of which the temperature is increased.

When wet steam is formed by evaporation of the seawater introduced from the evaporator 210, the salinity of the introduced seawater is gradually increased and eventually salt is formed. Such salt crystals may cause abnormal operation of the equipment, and thus may be properly removed or Block the formation of salt crystals. To this end, the present embodiment has a salinity sensor 250 provided in the evaporator 210 for detecting the salinity of seawater in the evaporator 210 and a discharge pump 260 for discharging the brine concentrated above a set concentration to the outside of the evaporator 210. Equipped.

On the other hand, when the system of the present embodiment is additionally installed in an existing power generation system, such as thermal power or nuclear power in the offshore installation, sufficient seawater may be supplied to the system using only the multiplier discharge cooling water W of the existing power generation system. In this case, the deep water of which the temperature is increased by phase change of water vapor in the condenser 230 of the present embodiment system may be discharged to the sea. In this case, if the discharge temperature is higher than the surface water temperature, the marine ecosystem may be affected. This embodiment is equipped with a temperature sensor 270 for this purpose.

When the temperature of the condenser cooling water W generated in the power generation system is not sufficient or the temperature of the condenser 230 cooling seawater generated in the power generation system of the present embodiment is higher than the surface water, the condenser generated in the power generation system of the present embodiment ( 230) Cooling seawater may be introduced to the evaporator 210.

Solar heat storage unit 100 is a pressure pump 110 for increasing the pressure of the fluid supplied, and a solar heater 120 connected to the pressure pump 110 to absorb and collect the solar heat to heat the fluid to form a superheated fluid 120 And, through the heat exchange with the superheated fluid, it may include a heat exchanger 130 to increase the dryness of the water vapor or to make the wet steam superheated steam.

The superheated fluid described in this embodiment is used as a concept including a superheated gas and a superheated liquid. Here, superheated liquid refers to a liquid that maintains a liquid state without being vaporized even when the temperature reaches a boiling point or more as the external pressure rises.

This is based on the following principle.

Boyle-Charles' Law defines Bohr's law that the gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume when the temperature is constant, and Charles's law that the volume of the gas is proportional to the increase in temperature when the pressure is constant And the relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume at the same time.

This is expressed by the following equation.

In the above equation, k is constant.

Therefore, in order to satisfy the above equation, it can be seen that when the pressure rises, the corresponding temperature must also rise.

The boiling point of the liquid is the temperature at which the internal pressure of the gas and the external pressure become the same when the liquid evaporates. Applying this to the above equation, it is concluded that the boiling point of the liquid should rise when the external pressure rises.

The present invention utilizes the boiling point ascending principle by such a pressure rise. That is, the pressure is increased through the pressure pump 110 to increase the boiling point of the fluid, and heat the solar heat to form a superheated fluid heated above the original boiling point, and heat exchange it with steam to use for power generation.

The steam becomes heat dry through heat exchange and can be converted to superheated steam. Here, the superheated steam is as follows. When the liquid is heated under a constant pressure, the temperature rises. When it reaches a certain temperature, it begins to evaporate. Even if it is heated again, the temperature does not change until all the liquid evaporates. This is referred to as wet saturated steam, and all of which is phase-changed by steam is referred to as dry saturated steam. When the dry saturated steam is heated again, the temperature of the steam rises, which is called superheated steam, and the difference between the superheated steam temperature and the saturated steam temperature is called superheated steam.

By using such superheated steam, the output of the turbine, etc. can be increased.

On the other hand, dryness means the weight ratio of dry saturated vapor in wet saturated steam. Dried saturated steam is saturated steam that contains no water at all, and the dryness is 1. That is, the dryness refers to a moisture content indicating how much moisture is contained in the wet saturated steam. If 1 kg of wet saturated steam contains x kg of dry saturated steam, the moisture content is (1-x) kg. The dryness is x. The dryness shows the relationship between latent heat capacity and enthalpy.

The degree of pressure rise by the pressure pump 110 may be determined in consideration of the desired boiling point rise effect, and may be selected from pressures below the critical point of the introduced fluid.

For example, when the introduced fluid is water, the critical point is 225.56 kgf / cm 2, 374.15 ° C., and high temperature water up to about 370 ° C. may be formed using the pressure pump 110 and the solar heater 120 of the present embodiment.

The solar heat storage unit 100 may further include a heat exchange tube 140 installed inside the heat exchanger 130 to circulate the superheated fluid and perform heat exchange with water vapor.

The heat exchanger 130 is provided in a flow path connecting the evaporator 210 and the turbine generator 220, so that the water vapor discharged from the evaporator 210 has a superheat degree through heat exchange with the superheated fluid in the heat exchanger 130 or Dryness and enthalpy may be increased and supplied to the turbine generator 220. In the turbine generator 220, as steam is introduced into the steam turbine, the generator is driven to produce electric power.

In this embodiment, a superheated fluid tank (not shown) for storing the superheated fluid formed by the pressure pump 110 and the solar heater 120 may be added. When the superheated fluid tank is additionally installed, it is possible to stably supply the superheated fluid to increase the generator output even in a situation where it is difficult to form the superheated fluid using solar heat, for example, at night or during the rainy season.

The fluid can be selected from the group comprising water and seawater.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in the power generation method utilizing the condenser discharge water in a marine facility including a ship,

1) forming steam at low pressure by receiving the condenser discharge seawater (W) discharged from other power generation systems including thermal power and nuclear power in the marine installation;

2) absorbing and collecting sunlight to heat the fluid to form a superheated fluid, and heat exchange the steam and the superheated fluid to increase enthalpy; And

3) There is provided a marine temperature difference generation method using the condenser effluent and solar heat, comprising the step of supplying steam with increased enthalpy to a steam turbine to produce electric power.

The superheated fluid is formed by raising the boiling point by pressurizing the fluid, the steam may have a superheat degree or enthalpy increased by heat exchange with the superheated fluid.

The steam heat exchanged with the superheated fluid may increase dryness or become superheated steam.

The marine temperature difference generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat according to the present embodiment is a superheated fluid formed by receiving and evaporating seawater discharged from the condenser of another power generation system in a marine facility (S) including thermal power or nuclear power, and heating with solar heat after pressurization. Heat exchange with steam to increase the dryness and enthalpy of steam, convert it to superheated steam and use it for power generation. Thus, the generator output can be sufficiently improved without installing equipment using other energy sources such as electricity or fossil fuels.

In addition, by utilizing the cooling seawater discharged from the condenser of the power plant, such as thermal power and nuclear power in marine facilities for power generation, it is possible to reduce the environmental impact of the discharge of the warmed cooling water, and effectively utilize the heat transferred to the cooling water by heat exchange. By supplying the warmed cooling water to the working fluid of the power generation system, steam formation is possible in a shorter time than when using the unheated working fluid, which can reduce the uptime of the power generation system. It can also provide an economical and eco-friendly offshore thermoelectric power generation system that operates on solar and seawater temperature differences without using fossil fuels or electrical energy.

This embodiment can improve the power generation efficiency of the marine facilities and at the same time can supply the fresh water required for the marine facilities, it is possible to reduce the impact of the marine ecosystem by the discharge of the heated condenser cooling water.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, such modifications or variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

S: Offshore Equipment
W: condenser discharge seawater from other power generation systems in offshore installations
100: solar heat storage unit
110: pressure pump
120: solar burner
130: heat exchanger
140: heat exchanger tube
200: power generation freshwater department
210: evaporator
220: turbine generator
230:
240: raw water tank
250: salinity sensor
260: discharge pump
270 temperature sensor

Claims (10)

In the power generation system provided in marine facilities, including ships and offshore plants,
A solar heat storage unit for pressurizing the fluid and collecting and heating the solar heat to form a superheated fluid; And
Seawater discharged from the condenser of the other power generation system in the marine facility including thermal power or nuclear power to evaporate and produce electric power by water vapor generated by heat exchange with the superheated fluid, heat exchanged with the deep water to produce fresh water Ocean temperature difference generation system using a plurality of effluent discharge water and solar heat, characterized in that it comprises a power generation fresh water. According to claim 1, wherein the power generation fresh water part
An evaporator for forming water vapor from the seawater at low pressure;
A turbine generator configured to generate electric power by receiving the steam from the evaporator; And
And a condenser for cooling the water vapor discharged from the turbine generator to the deep water to change the water into water, wherein at least a portion of the deep water, which is used to phase change the water vapor and has a temperature, is introduced into the evaporator. Marine temperature difference generation system using condenser discharge water and solar heat. According to claim 2, wherein the power generation fresh water part
Marine temperature difference generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat further comprising a raw water tank that is stored in the phase change water in the condenser. According to claim 2, wherein the power generation fresh water part
A salinity sensor for sensing salinity of the seawater in the evaporator;
A discharge pump for discharging the seawater to the outside of the evaporator when the seawater is above a set concentration; And
And a temperature sensor used to phase change the water vapor in the condenser to sense a temperature of the deep water at which the temperature is increased. The method of claim 2, wherein the solar heat storage unit
A pressurizing pump for increasing the pressure of the supplied fluid;
A solar heater connected to the pressure pump and absorbing and collecting solar heat to heat the fluid to form the superheated fluid; And
And a heat exchanger for increasing the dryness of the water vapor or making the wet steam into superheated steam through heat exchange with the superheated fluid. The method of claim 5, wherein the solar heat storage unit
And a heat exchanger tube installed inside the heat exchanger to circulate the superheated fluid and perform heat exchange with the water vapor. 6. The method of claim 5,
The heat exchanger is provided in a flow path connecting the evaporator and the turbine generator, so that the water vapor discharged from the evaporator has a superheat degree through heat exchange with the superheated fluid in the heat exchanger, or the dryness and enthalpy are increased, thereby increasing the turbine generator. Ocean temperature difference generation system using the condenser discharge water and solar heat, characterized in that supplied to. The method of claim 1,
The fluid is ocean temperature difference generation system using a plurality of effluent discharge water and solar heat, characterized in that selected from the group comprising water and sea water. In the power generation method utilizing the condenser discharge water in offshore facilities including ships,
1) forming steam at low pressure by receiving the condenser discharge seawater discharged from other power generation systems including thermal power and nuclear power in the marine installation;
2) absorbing and collecting sunlight to heat the fluid to form a superheated fluid, and heat exchange the steam and the superheated fluid to increase the enthalpy of the vapor; And
3) A marine temperature difference generation method using a plurality of effluent discharge water and solar heat comprising the step of supplying the steam enthalpy increased to the steam turbine to produce electric power. The method of claim 9,
The superheated fluid is formed by increasing the boiling point by pressurizing the fluid, the steam generator has a superheat degree or enthalpy is increased by heat exchange with the superheated fluid, characterized in that the off-gas discharger and solar thermal power generation method using solar heat.

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