KR20130131920A - Transparent surface heater and fabrication method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transparent planar heating unit and a fabricating method thereof comprising a substrate; an electrode formed over the front surface of the substrate; a heating layer formed over the front surface of the substrate by comprising the electrode and including a transparent conductive oxide; and an insulating layer formed on the heating layer wherein the electrode is a patterned electrode which is 5-500nm in width and the space between the electrodes is 0.1-100μm. The transparent planar heating unit can improve heating efficiency by having the electrodes formed over the front surface of the substrate and prevent the degradation of heating uniformity generated when being enlarged while capable of being applied for various purposes due to transparency.

Description

Transparent surface heating element and its manufacturing method {Transparent Surface Heater and Fabrication Method

The present invention relates to a transparent planar heating element and a method for manufacturing the same, which can improve the heat generating efficiency and prevent the lowering of the heat generating uniformity generated during large area, and can be applied to various applications.

The planar heating element generates radiant heat by electric current, which is applied in various fields because it is not polluted by air and is sanitary.

For example, the planar heating element is a residential heating device such as floor heating in apartments or general houses, industrial heating devices such as offices or workplaces, and various industrial heating devices such as printing drying and painting drying, and agricultural products such as vinyl houses, barns, and agricultural product drying systems. It is widely used in facilities such as freezing prevention devices that melt snow on roads and parking lots, as well as for leisure, winter protection, home appliances, and shoe drying.

In addition, by varying the configuration and material of the planar heating element in various ways, research on the application of new applications, clothing or frame stoves, etc., in addition to the above applications are continuously made.

Figure 1 shows a planar heating element according to the prior art, (a) is a cross-sectional view, (b) is a front view.

Referring to FIG. 1A, in the planar heating element, a pair of electrodes 3 are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the substrate 1, and the heating layer 5 and the insulating layer 7 are formed on the electrodes 3. It has a structure laminated sequentially. In the planar heating element having the above-described structure, since the electrodes 3 are formed only at both sides, the degree of heat generation at the time of large area is different between the central portion and the outer circumferential surface, resulting in poor heat uniformity and inability to keep the temperature constant.

Korean Patent Publication No. 2004-0016072 discloses a planar heating element used for heating or drying in general industrial, agricultural and fisheries, horticulture, livestock farming, etc., 40-60 parts by weight of polymer resin, 30-35 parts by weight of graphite powder, far infrared rays Using a resin composition having 5 to 10 parts by weight of radiator, 1 to 2 parts by weight of dispersant, and 1 to 10 parts by weight of solvent, it shows uniform temperature distribution over the entire surface of the planar heating element and emits far infrared rays to give health benefits. Not only can it be used for a long time, but it is suggested that it is possible to maintain a constant temperature at all times without overheating.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0621418 proposes a planar heating element having an effect of providing a stable planar heating element by uniformly distributed the carbon pole chain yarns by applying ultrasonic vibration and magnetic field when manufacturing carbon paper.

In addition, Korean Patent Publication No. 2008-0030410 discloses 2 to 12% by weight of carbon black, 2 to 12% by weight of graphite, 1 to 10% by weight of carbon fiber powder (Milled Chop) of 0.01 to 0.5 mm length, and polymer resin of 20 to 27. A planar heating element comprising: wt%, dispersant 1-3 wt%, organic solvent 1-60 wt%, polyethylene wax 1-5 wt%, slow-drying solvent 10-20 wt%, rubber adhesive 3-10 wt% By forming a heat generating layer by using a conductive ink composition for use, a planar heating element having little temperature variation and a small change in resistance value designed even at a use temperature and a high temperature is proposed.

As described above, the method through the change of the material constituting the heat generating layer in order to control the heat generating characteristics in the surface heating element is mainly.

Although the heat generating characteristics of the planar heating element can be improved through the above method, when the planar heating element is to be made large, the electrode formed on the outer circumferential surface of the substrate cannot be sufficiently applied to the center of the heat generating layer as shown in FIG. There is a problem that the uniformity of heat generation is lowered, such as a severe temperature difference between the center and the outer circumferential surface of the heating element.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2004-0016072 Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0621418 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2008-0030410

Therefore, the present inventors have made various arrangements to improve the heat generation efficiency and uniformity of heat generation of the surface heating element even in large areas, and to maintain transparency for various uses such as windows or frames. The present invention has been completed by inventing a sustainable structure.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent planar heating element which maintains transparency when large area of the transparent planar invention and has high heat generating efficiency and heat generating uniformity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the transparent planar heating element.

In order to achieve the above object,

Board;

An electrode formed over the entire surface of the substrate;

A heating layer including the electrode and formed over the entire surface of the substrate and including a transparent conductive oxide; And

An insulating layer formed on the heat generating layer,

The electrode provides a transparent planar heating element, characterized in that the patterned electrode disposed so as to be spaced apart by 0.05 ~ 1000㎛, the interval between the electrodes 0.1 ~ 100mm.

In addition,

Forming a patterned electrode over the entire surface of the substrate;

Forming a heat generating layer including a transparent conductive oxide over the entire surface of the substrate including the patterned electrode; And

Forming an insulating layer on the heating layer;

The electrode provides a method of manufacturing a transparent planar heating element, characterized in that the width is formed by patterning so as to be spaced apart by 0.05 ~ 1000㎛, the interval between the electrodes 0.1 ~ 100mm.

The transparent planar heating element proposed in the present invention not only improves the heat generating efficiency, but also prevents the lowering of the uniformity of heat generated during large area, and is transparent, so that it can be applied to various applications.

Figure 1 shows a planar heating element according to the prior art, (a) is a front view, (b) is a sectional view.
2 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view showing a transparent planar heating element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a front view showing a transparent planar heating element according to the first embodiment of the present invention shows the flow direction of the current when the voltage is applied.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the electrode pattern proposed in the present invention.
5 is a front view showing a transparent planar heating element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

The planar heating element proposed in the present invention has high heat generating efficiency and heat generating uniformity even in large area, unlike the conventional planar heating element while maintaining high transparency.

Such an advantage can be obtained by selecting a material capable of maintaining a transparent characteristic with a heating element, and forming the electrode pattern over the entire surface of the substrate, instead of being formed only on the outside of the conventional substrate. At this time, even if the electrode is formed on the front of the substrate, the pattern of the electrode, that is, the width, spacing and height are controlled to maintain transparency.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

2 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view showing a transparent planar heating element according to the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a front view showing a transparent planar heating element according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Although not shown, additional sheets known in the art may be formed on one side or both sides of the transparent side heating element. The additional sheet may be a sheet for various uses such as a barrier layer, a sealing layer, a moisture proof layer, a heat insulating layer, and these may be formed in a single layer or a multilayer.

The transparent planar heating element according to the first embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 includes a substrate 11; A patterned electrode 13 formed over the entire surface of the substrate 11; A heating layer 15 including the patterned electrode 13 and formed over the entire surface of the substrate 11 and including a transparent conductive oxide; And an insulating layer 17.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the transparent planar heating element according to the first embodiment will be described in detail.

First, in order to manufacture a transparent planar heating element, a transparent substrate 11 is prepared.

As the substrate 11 that can be used, any material (silicon substrate, glass substrate, or polymer substrate) usually used as the substrate can be used, and preferably, a transparent material is used. For example, glass substrates such as single silicon, p-Si, alkali silicate glass, alkali free glass, quartz glass, silicon substrate, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polyurethane, epoxy, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), Polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide, polyamide and the like can be used. The material of the substrate 11 may be appropriately adjusted according to the intended use, and the thickness thereof may also be used within a typical range, for example, within a range of 0.1 mm to 10 cm, preferably 0.3 mm to 10 mm.

Next, a patterned electrode 13 is formed on the substrate 11.

In the transparent planar heating element according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the electrode 13 is formed over the entire surface of the substrate 11, but is formed to have a specific pattern, thereby forming the electrode only on the outer circumferential surface as shown in FIG. 1. There is a structural difference with the surface heating element.

The electrode 13 pattern may have various shapes including a stripe shape as shown in FIG. 2. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a pair of electrode patterns are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the substrate 11 so as to face each other, and extend from them to form an electrode pattern over the entire surface of the substrate 11. In this case, due to the voltage applied to the transparent planar heating element, the current flows along the electrode 13 pattern as shown in red, as shown in FIG. have.

Figure 4 shows an example of the electrode pattern presented in the present invention, (a) wave pattern, (b) zigzag, (c) rhombus, (d) circular or full-face printing, etc., it is possible to As shown, various shapes are possible, including grid (or grid, grid pattern) shapes. By forming the electrode 13 pattern over the entire surface of the substrate in this way, the heat generating uniformity characteristic of the heat generation uniformity on all surfaces of the planar heating element is improved. In addition, the fall of the heat generation efficiency generated when the planar heating element is manufactured in a large area is effectively prevented.

Uniformity of heat generation and heat generation efficiency may be improved by the electrode 13 pattern, but transparency of the planar heating element may decrease as the electrode 13 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 11, thereby controlling the dimension of the electrode pattern to a certain level. At least 70% transparency should be maintained.

Therefore, in the present invention, the width of the electrode 13 is 0.05 to 1000 mu m, preferably 50 to 1000 nm. The width of the electrode can maintain the transparency of the planar heating element as it has a very narrow nano-level compared to the case of several tens of mm to several tens of cm in the conventional case. If the width of the electrode 13 is less than the above range, the short circuit of the pattern of the electrode 13 may occur during the manufacturing process. On the contrary, if the width exceeds the range, the area of the electrode 13 may be excessive compared to the substrate 11. The transparency of the planar heating element can be reduced.

Further, the interval between the electrodes 13 is 0.1 to 100 mu m, preferably 1.0 to 50 mu m. If the distance between the electrodes 13 is too narrow, the transparency of the planar heating element may be lowered. On the contrary, if the gap between the electrodes 13 is too wide, the uniformity and heat generating efficiency of the planar heating element may be lowered.

In this case, the electrode 13 has a thickness of 0.1 to 1000 µm, preferably 1 to 50 µm. If the height of the electrode 13 is also less than the above range, the uniformity of heat generation and the efficiency of heat generation of the planar heating element may be lowered. On the contrary, if the height exceeds the range, the thickness of the heat generating layer 15 formed in a subsequent process may be relatively increased. there is a problem.

The material of the electrode 13 is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any material may be used as long as it is a known conductive metal material. For example, one species selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, copper, chromium, vanadium, magnesium, titanium, tin, lead, palladium, tungsten, nickel and alloys thereof is preferable, use.

The formation method of the electrode 13 pattern may be any known metal pattern formation method, and various wet coating and dry coating processes may be used. For example, gravure printing, flax printing, comma printing, slit coating, spray coating, screen printing, offset printing, lamination, green sheet method, lift-off method, photolithography, sputtering, E- A plasma chemical vapor deposition, a thermal vapor deposition, a laser molecular beam deposition, a pulsed laser deposition, or an atomic layer deposition are possible, and a sputtering process is preferably used.

Next, the heating layer 15 is formed over the entire surface of the substrate 11 to include the patterned electrode 13. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the heating layer 15 is formed to be spaced apart from the inner circumferential surface of the substrate 11 by a predetermined distance to include the electrode 13 pattern.

As the heat generating layer 15, transparent conductive oxide (TCO) having conductivity and transparency may be used, and preferably, indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc tin oxide (ZTO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), or ZAO. (Zinc Aluminum Oxide), IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), ZnO (Zinc Oxide) and one selected from the group consisting of a combination thereof is possible.

The transparent conductive oxide has excellent safety and abrasion resistance, and is commonly used as an electrode because it has conductivity while maintaining high transparency at a transmittance of> 80% or more in the visible region. However, the transparent conductive oxide in the planar heating element is reduced in conductivity compared with metal materials such as silver, so that when used as an electrode, the heat generation efficiency may be lowered or a long time may be required to raise the temperature to a certain level. Is not preferred.

More preferably, the heat generating layer 15 according to the present invention uses a transparent conductive oxide having a particle size of 10 to 800 nm at the nano level. By using the nano-level particles can improve the heat generating characteristics and the radiation efficiency of the heating element and increase the transparency.

The heat generating layer 15 may have a thickness of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm, and the thickness of the heat generating layer 15 may be appropriately used depending on the intended use.

The method of forming the heating layer 15 is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a wet coating process is used for large area. Preferably, slurry coating, spray coating, gravure printing, plasmo printing, comma printing, slit coating, screen printing, offset printing, laminate, green sheet method, or lift-off method may be used, preferably slurry The coating method is used.

For example, the heating layer 15 may be formed through a slurry coating process using a transparent conductive oxide, a solvent, and a binder as a basic composition, and various additives such as a surfactant, a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, a defoamer, and a viscosity modifier may be used. have.

The solvent used may be one selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, benzene, dichloromethane, diacetone, toluene, xylene and mixed solvents thereof.

As the binder, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, silicone resin, polytitanocarbosilane resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, polyether-etherketone resin, poly Phenylene sulfide resin, fluorine-containing polymer, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and a combination thereof are used do.

Thus, the composition used for slurry coating is important to select the optimum composition to exhibit the effect of each composition, and includes 5 to 25 parts by weight of the binder, and 100 to 500 parts by weight of the solvent with respect to 100 parts by weight of the transparent conductive oxide It may further comprise 1 to 10 parts by weight of dispersant, 1 to 10 parts by weight of surfactant, 5 to 25 parts by weight of binder, and 5 to 25 parts by weight of plasticizer.

Next, an insulating layer 17 is formed on the heat generating layer 15 to manufacture a transparent planar heating element according to the present invention.

The material of the insulating layer 17 is not particularly limited in the present invention, a transparent material is used to maintain the transparency of the transparent planar heating element. The insulating layer 17 is formed of a material having excellent impact resistance so that not only an insulation effect but also a role of a protective layer that can be primarily protected from an external impact can be simultaneously performed.

As the material of the insulating layer 17 which can be used, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyamide, fluororesin and the like are used. The insulating layer 17 may be formed over the entire surface of the substrate 11 by a wet or dry coating process as described above, and may be manufactured through a bonding process after fabricating a separate insulating layer 17.

The thickness of the insulating layer 17 is 5 to 100㎛, if the thickness is less than the above range, the insulation effect is low and may be damaged by external impact, on the contrary, if it exceeds the above range, the cost increases or generates heat Since efficiency may fall, it uses suitably within the said range.

In addition, although not shown, the transparent planar heating element according to the present invention may further include a power supply unit (not shown) for receiving an AC power and converting it into a DC power supply to supply the electrode. The power supply unit applies a voltage to the electrode to control the amount of current applied to the heating element to control the amount of heat generated from the transparent surface heating element.

5 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view showing a transparent planar heating element according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a transparent planar heating element having a mosaic pattern instead of a stripe electrode pattern as shown in the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 5, the transparent planar heating element may include a substrate 21; A patterned electrode 23 formed over the entire surface of the substrate 21; A heat generating layer 25 including the patterned electrode 23 and composed of transparent conductive oxide particles over the entire surface of the substrate 21; And an insulating layer 27. In this case, the electrode 23 is formed to have a mosaic pattern.

The electrode pattern of the mosaic pattern 23 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the substrate 11, and the electrode pattern extends from the electrode pattern to have a mosaic pattern, thereby improving the heat generating efficiency and the heat generating uniformity of the transparent planar heating element. You can.

In addition to the first and second embodiments described above, a transparent planar heating element having various types of electrode patterns is possible as described above.

The transparent planar heating element according to the present invention can be applied to various uses as well as to prevent the lowering of the uniformity of heat generated when the large area is formed as the electrode is formed over the entire surface of the substrate unlike the planar heating element on which the electrode was formed on the outer circumferential surface. have.

Preferably, the transparent planar heating element has a visible light transmittance of at least 50%, a haze value of 0.5 to 6%, and a surface resistance of 5 to 50,000 Ω / cm 2, which can be applied to various applications. In addition, the temperature uniformity between the central portion and the outer circumferential surface is 0.1 ° C. or less, and the heat generation uniformity has a high heat generation uniformity in an area of 1 × 1 m 2.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. It can be understood that it is possible.

1, 11, 21: substrate 3, 13, 23: electrode
5, 15, 25: heat generating layer 7, 17, 27: insulating layer

Claims (17)

Board;
An electrode formed over the entire surface of the substrate;
A heating layer including the electrode and formed over the entire surface of the substrate and including a transparent conductive oxide; And
An insulating layer formed on the heat generating layer,
The electrode is a transparent planar heating element, characterized in that the patterned electrode disposed so as to be spaced apart by 0.05 to 1000㎛, the interval between the electrodes 0.1 to 100mm. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a single silicon, p-Si, alkali silicate-based glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, silicon substrate, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polyurethane, epoxy, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN ), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide, polyamide, and a transparent planar heating element comprising one selected from the group consisting of a combination thereof. The transparent planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein the electrode has a pair of electrode patterns formed on the outer circumferential surface of the substrate so as to face each other, and extending therefrom to form an electrode pattern over the entire surface of the substrate. 4. The transparent planar heating element according to claim 3, wherein the electrode pattern formed over the entire surface of the substrate is patterned in a stripe, a grid, a wave pattern, a zigzag, a rhombus, a circle, a front surface print, and a combination thereof. The transparent planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein the electrode has a thickness of 0.1 to 1000 µm. The transparent planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein the electrode has a width of 0.05 to 1000 mu m, an interval between electrodes of 0.1 to 100 mm, and a thickness of 1.0 to 1000 mu m. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises one selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, copper, chromium, vanadium, magnesium, titanium, tin, lead, palladium, tungsten, nickel, and alloys thereof. Transparent plane heating element characterized in that. The method of claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive oxide is indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc tin oxide (ZTO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), zinc aluminum oxide (ZAO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc zinc (ZnO). Oxide) and a transparent planar heating element comprising one selected from the group consisting of these. The transparent planar heating element of claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive oxide is made of particles having a diameter of 10 to 800 nm. The transparent planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein the heat generating layer has a thickness of 0.1 µm to 1000 µm. The transparent planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer comprises one selected from the group consisting of nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyamide, fluorine resin, and combinations thereof. . The transparent planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer has a thickness of 5 to 100 µm. 2. The transparent planar heating element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent planar heating element has a visible light transmittance of at least 50%, a haze value of 0.5 to 6%, and a surface resistance of 5 to 50,000 Ω / cm 2. Forming a patterned electrode over the entire surface of the substrate;
Forming a heat generating layer including a transparent conductive oxide over the entire surface of the substrate including the patterned electrode; And
Forming an insulating layer on the heating layer;
The electrode is a method of manufacturing a transparent planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is patterned so as to be spaced apart at a width of 5 to 500 nm and an interval between electrodes is 0.1 to 100 탆. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the patterned electrode is gravure printing, plaxo printing, comma printing, slit coating, spray coating, screen printing, offset printing, laminate, green sheet method, lift-off method, photolithography, sputtering , E-beam deposition, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition, plasma chemical vapor deposition, thermal vapor deposition, laser molecular beam deposition, pulsed laser deposition, or atomic layer deposition method for producing a transparent planar heating element . 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the heating layer is formed using slurry coating, spray coating, gravure printing, plaxo printing, comma printing, slit coating, screen printing, offset printing, laminate, green sheet method, or lift-off method. Method for producing a transparent plane heating element, characterized in that. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the insulating layer is gravure printing, plaxo printing, comma printing, slit coating, spray coating, screen printing, offset printing, laminate, green sheet method, lift-off method, photolithography, sputtering, E A method of manufacturing a transparent planar heating element, characterized in that it is formed by beam vapor deposition, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition, plasma chemical vapor deposition, thermal vapor deposition, laser molecular beam vapor deposition, pulse laser vapor deposition, or atomic layer deposition.

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