KR20130027867A - Ignition apparatue, ignition method, compact combustion apparatue and combustion method of metal particle using water plasma - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Small combustion device, combustion method, and metal power ignition method using water plasma are provided to fundamentally prevent contamination caused by a plasma gas and to reduce the amount of water vapor which is supplied for oxidizing by supplying the oxygen and hydrogen ions of water plasma. CONSTITUTION: A metal power ignition method using water plasma utilizes water plasma. The water plasma is injected to a water vapor mixture for ignition and combustion. The water vapor mixture is oxidant for the metal powder and combustion of the metal power. The metal powder comprises aluminum or magnesium. The water plasma is made of high temperature plasma with a temperature more than 1000°C. The high temperature plasma is generated by ionizing the water vapor.

Description

Ignition apparatue, ignition method, compact combustion apparatue and combustion method of metal particle using water plasma}

The present invention relates to a metal powder ignition apparatus, an ignition method, a small combustion apparatus and a combustion method using water plasma.

As an alternative to limited reserves and environmental pollution of hydrocarbon (CxHy) fuels, various clean energy sources such as solar, wind power, and tidal power are emerging. Among them, metal is actively used as an energy source capable of generating a large amount of energy in a short time. Attempts are being made.

For example, aluminum in metals is rich in reserves, accounting for about 8.2% of the mass of elements present on Earth, and can be easily refined by the development of processing technology.Alluminum (Al ₂ O) generated after combustion ₃ ) can be recycled through reprocessing, and hydrogen generated during combustion can also be used as an energy source for fuel cells.

FIG. 1 summarizes the reaction formula and heat of reaction of a hydrocarbon (C ₃ H ₈ ) -based fuel, aluminum and magnesium, and FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate an ignition process of aluminum metal particles.

Referring to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the reaction between aluminum and water generates significantly more energy than the hydrocarbon-based fuel, and can be usefully used in explosives or space and seawater propulsion systems requiring high energy. Can be.

As such, metals have abundant reserves and have environmental and economic advantages over hydrocarbon-based fuels, but are generally not spotlighted as alternative clean energy. This is because the ignition mechanism is complicated as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and ignition is not easy due to the oxide film having a high melting point of 2345K.

In order to reduce the ignition delay time, a case of using a hydrogen-oxygen flame as an ignition source and supplying 20% of 700K of steam as an oxidant, or using a fluidized bed powder fuel supply system using a piston is disclosed. have.

However, in the past, it is only an experimental level that confirms the possibility of the propulsion system or the energy generation system using the metal powder by implementing the ignition and combustion of the metal powder and analyzing the dynamic and combustion characteristics of the metal powder. There is a need for the development of metal powder combustors that substantially make metal fuel available as the main energy source for phase universalization and the like.

Japanese Laid-Open Patent 2008-211620 Japanese Laid-Open Patent 2009-179543 United States Patent 6156994

The present invention has been made to solve the problems described above, metal powder ignition apparatus using a water plasma suitable for the implementation of a metal powder combustor to enable the stable use of metal fuel as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source, ignition method, small combustion It is an object to provide an apparatus and a combustion method.

The present invention for achieving the object as described above, the metal powder ignition apparatus using a water plasma to ignite, by burning a water plasma (water plasma) to a mixture of metal powder and water vapor to be an oxidant for burning the metal powder. It is a technical point.

Here, the metal powder is composed of aluminum or magnesium, the water plasma may be a high temperature plasma of 1000 ℃ or more generated by ionizing the water vapor.

In addition, the present invention, the metal powder ignition method using a water plasma to ignite the metal powder in the combustion chamber 300 by using a water plasma (water plasma) while quantitatively supply only the metal powder and water vapor to another combustion technology Make a point.

Here, the metal powder and the water vapor, by the swirl flow (swirl flow) the residence time in the space portion of the limited length of the combustion chamber 300 is further extended to one side, the water plasma, the water flow of the swirl flow It may be injected toward the progress direction of the metal powder and water vapor to the central portion in the combustion chamber 300 is located in the center.

In addition, the present invention, the combustion chamber 300; A metal powder feeder (100) for supplying the metal powder to the combustion chamber (300); A steam supplier 200 generating steam at 200 to 400 ° C. and supplying the steam to the combustion chamber 300; And a water plasma igniter 400 for igniting the metal powder and water vapor supplied to the combustion chamber 300 with water plasma.

Here, the combustion chamber 300, the supply end is connected tangentially around the edge of the combustion chamber 300, swirl flow by supplying the metal powder and / or water vapor in the tangential direction in the combustion chamber (300) It may include; tangential supply pipe 310 for generating a).

In addition, the combustion chamber 300, the supply end of the first tangential supply pipe 311 for supplying the metal powder and the second tangential supply pipe 312 for supplying the water vapor is arranged at a predetermined interval around the edge, A vortex chamber 320 swirling along the inner wall of the metal powder and water vapor introduced through the first tangential supply pipe 311 and the second tangential supply pipe 312 to form a disc-mixable mixed space; And a cylindrical structure having a cylindrical structure longer than the vortex chamber 320 and having a smaller cross-sectional area, and having one end connected to a central portion of the vortex chamber 320, and a mixture of the metal powder and water vapor introduced through a connection with the vortex chamber 320 is an inner wall. And a combustion chamber 330 spirally flowing along the other end thereof.

In addition, the vortex chamber 320 may include an induction protrusion 321 having an inner central portion protruding toward the combustion chamber 330 to induce flow to the combustion chamber 330.

The metal powder feeder 100 may include: a powder storage tank 110 in which the metal powder is stored, an outlet through which the metal powder is discharged and upper and lower discharge ports, and a transport gas inlet through which the transport gas is introduced; And a transfer gas supplied to the powder storage tank 110 through the transfer gas inlet to float some of the metal powder stored and stacked in the powder storage tank 110 to the discharge port to supply the combustion gas to the combustion chamber 300. Feeder 120; may include.

In addition, the transfer gas supplier 120, the gas storage tank 121 in which the transfer gas is stored; A pressure transducer 122 installed on the gas supply line formed from the gas storage tank 121 to the powder storage tank 110 to measure air pressure; An electronic scale 123 for measuring the supply amount of the metal powder to the combustion chamber 300 by measuring the weight of the powder storage tank 110; And a powder supply controller 124 for controlling the supply amount of the metal powder to the combustion chamber 300 side according to the transport gas supply using data measured by the pressure transducer 122 and the electronic balance 123. Can be.

In addition, a purge gas supplier having a supply end connected to a powder supply passage formed from the powder storage tank 110 to the combustion chamber 300 to supply a purge gas to the combustion chamber 300 instead of the metal powder ( 600) may be further included.

In addition, the steam supplier 200, the steam generator 210 for receiving the power and water to generate high-temperature steam; And a steam supply controller 220 controlling a supply amount of steam supplied to the combustion chamber 300 through a bypass 221 branched from the steam generator 210 to the combustion chamber 300. It may include;

In addition, a steam cooler 230 for cooling and discharging the high temperature water vapor bypassed by the bypass 221 on the steam supply pipe by heat exchange with the cooling water may be further included.

In addition, the water plasma of the water plasma igniter 400 may be injected into the combustion chamber 300 by ionizing water vapor as a supply gas with hydrogen and oxygen plasma of 1000 ° C. or higher.

In addition, the dust collector 500 is installed on the combustion gas discharge end for discharging the gas in the combustion chamber 300, the dust collector 500 to collect to prevent the outflow of the metal powder slug generated during the combustion process; may further include a.

In addition, the present invention, the metal powder supplying step of supplying a quantitative supply of metal powder and water vapor of 200 ~ 400 ℃ to the combustion chamber 300; A mixing flow step of mixing metal powder and water vapor by swirl flow in the combustion chamber 300; An ignition step of igniting water plasma with the metal powder and water vapor in the combustion chamber 300 as a fuel and an oxidant; And an ignition holding step of maintaining the water plasma injection for a predetermined time until the combustion of the metal powder is continued even when the injection of the water plasma is stopped, as another technical gist of the present invention.

Here, in the metal powder supplying step, the metal powder and / or water vapor may be tangentially supplied into the combustion chamber 300 through mutually independent paths.

In addition, in the metal powder supplying step, the metal powder may be preheated by an energy recuperation system or a regenerative heat exchanger to be supplied to the combustion chamber 300.

In addition, the mixing flow step, pre-mixing the metal powder and water vapor supplied in the tangential direction in the combustion chamber 300 circulating and mixing by swirl flow along the inner wall in the disk-shaped mixing space of the combustion chamber 300 step; And a spiral flow step of advancing the mixture of the metal powder and water vapor generated through the pre-mixing step into a separate cylindrical space portion in the combustion chamber 300 and proceeding to one side through a further increased residence time by spiral flow. It may include.

In addition, in the ignition step, water vapor may be ionized by hydrogen or oxygen plasma of 1000 ° C. or more using a supply gas and injected into the combustion chamber 300.

Further, after the ignition holding step, the combustion holding step of supplying only the metal powder and water vapor to the combustion chamber 300 in the state of stopping the injection of the water plasma and maintains combustion of the metal powder; have.

According to an embodiment of the present invention having the configuration as described above, environmental pollution is achieved by implementing a small clean combustion device that ignites the metal powder by using a water plasma (water plasma) while supplying only the metal powder and water vapor to the combustion chamber. As an eco-friendly alternative high energy source, it enables the stable use of metal fuel (industrialization and commercialization).

Accordingly, unlike in the case of using conventional carbon fuel (coal, petroleum, etc.) or hydrocarbon fuel (methane gas, propane gas, etc.), as an environmentally friendly thermal energy acquisition device that does not emit pollutants or polluted gases, independently or existing. It can be applied in addition to the heating unit.

In addition, by applying the water plasma apparatus as an ignition source, not only the metal powder can be stably ignited by the high temperature plasma particles supplied from the water plasma apparatus, but also supplied to the oxidant by supplying oxygen and hydrogen ions in the water plasma. The amount of water vapor to be reduced can be reduced, and contamination by plasma supply gas (for example, Ar, etc.) can be prevented at the source.

In addition, when the water plasma device is applied, by using a relatively low voltage and supplying water vapor (water) as compared to the conventional arc plasma device, it is possible to provide ignition energy inexpensively and safely and environmentally without fear of generating toxic gas. have.

In addition, when aluminum powder is applied as a metal powder, alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), a product generated after combustion, can be recycled through a reprocessing process, and hydrogen (H ₂ ) can be utilized as an energy source through a fuel cell. have.

For example, the energy generated through the combustion reaction of aluminum metal powder can be used as a driving energy of a turbine, the product hydrogen can be reprocessed to be used as an energy source of a fuel cell, and by using seawater as an oxidant. It can also be extended to propulsion engines for military super-joint torpedoes.

In addition, it may be applied to the treatment of aluminum-based industrial waste, or may be applied to the combustion of aluminum as one method for producing hydrogen or ceramic alumina powder.

1-Table summarizes the reaction formula and heat of reaction of hydrocarbon-based fuel, aluminum, magnesium
Figure 2-Schematic diagram summarizing the ignition process of aluminum metal particles
3-flow chart for explaining the ignition process of the aluminum metal particles
4-Conceptual view of a metal powder compact combustion apparatus using water plasma according to the first embodiment of the present invention
5-perspective view of the combustion chamber
6-5 a front view
7-5 left side view
8-prototype photograph of the metal powder compact combustion apparatus actually manufactured according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
9-Graph of measuring metal powder supply amount according to conveying gas supply pressure in metal powder feeder
10-A graph measuring the amount of steam supplied according to the pressure in the steam generator in the steam supply
11-Graph showing temperature gradient at water plasma igniter nozzle
12-A graph showing an example of measuring light intensity according to ignition and combustion of aluminum powder using a photomultiplier tube
13-Photographed image of the combustor with the igniter in operation before metal powder supply
14-Photographed image of the combustor in the state of burning after metal powder supply
FIG. 15 is a photograph of a combustor under active combustion compared to FIG. 17 by adjusting the water vapor supply amount. FIG.
16-Photographed image of the combustor with the igniter stopped
17-Photographed image of the combustor in the state in which the metal powder supply is stopped and quenched.

The present invention relates to a metal powder ignition apparatus, an ignition method, a small combustion apparatus and a combustion method using water plasma, wherein the metal powder is ignited by using a water plasma while supplying quantitatively supplying metal powder and water vapor to a combustion chamber. The present invention relates to a technique for implementing a small clean combustion device.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, by using metal and water vapor as fuel, oxidant, and water plasma supply gas, high-efficiency heat energy can be generated using only metal and water vapor, so that no ignition pollutants and pollutant gases are emitted. An acquisition apparatus can be implemented.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

4 is a conceptual diagram of a metal powder compact combustion apparatus using water plasma according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

4, the metal powder compact combustion apparatus using water plasma according to the first embodiment of the present invention, a metal powder feeder (100), a steam supply (200), a combustion chamber (300), water It has a structure including a plasma igniter 400, a dust collector 500, a purge gas supplier 600.

The metal powder feeder 100 is a device for quantitatively supplying the metal powder to the combustion chamber 300, a powder storage tank 110 in which the metal powder is stored and stacked, and the metal powder in the combustion chamber ( It consists of a feed gas supplier 120 for supplying and controlling a carrier gas (carrier gas) to form a pressure difference to the oil to be transferred to the 300.

The powder storage tank 110 provides a storage space for accommodating the metal powder to a predetermined height or a predetermined amount therein, and a transport gas inlet (not shown) is formed at a lower portion thereof, and the metal is disposed at an upper portion thereof. A discharge port (not shown) for discharging powder to the combustion chamber 300 side together with the transport gas is formed.

As shown in the table of FIG. 1, the metal powder contains a high energy metal material such as aluminum or magnesium, which is proven to have a higher reaction heat than a hydrocarbon-based fuel.

The transfer gas supplier 120 supplies a transfer gas to the powder storage tank 110 through the transfer gas inlet to store some of the metal powder in the stacked and stored state in the powder storage tank 110 to the outlet side. Supply to the combustion chamber 300 side.

Preferably, the transfer gas uses an inert gas such as argon (Ar) to prevent oxidation of the metal powder, and the like, and the transfer gas supplier 120 includes a gas storage tank 121 and a pressure transducer. 122, an electronic scale 123, and a powder supply controller 124.

The transport gas stored in the compressed state in the gas storage tank 121 is the powder storage tank through a gas supply pipe (not shown) formed from the gas storage tank 121 to the transport gas inlet of the powder storage tank 110. 110 is supplied inside.

The pressure transducer 122 is installed to measure the pneumatic pressure in the gas supply passage, and the electronic balance 123 measures the mass change of the metal powder, that is, the combustion chamber ( It is installed on the lower side of the powder reservoir 110 to detect the supply amount of 300) side.

The powder supply controller 124 collects data measured by the pressure transducer 122 and the electronic balance 123 (DAQ, Data Acquisition), and based on this, the combustion chamber 300 of the metal powder according to the supply gas supply amount. Control the side feed.

The powder is supplied by performing a control to increase or decrease the supply gas supply amount by the powder supply controller 124 while confirming the supply gas supply amount and the metal powder supply amount in real time through the pressure converter 122 and the electronic balance 123. The amount of the metal powder discharged to the combustion chamber 300 through the outlet of the storage tank 110 may be adjusted flexibly and accurately.

The metal powder discharged through the outlet of the powder storage tank 110 is supplied to the combustion chamber 300 through a powder supply pipe (not shown) formed from the powder storage tank 110 to the combustion chamber 300.

A supply end of the purge gas supplier 600 for supplying a purge gas is connected to the powder supply line, and when the ignition and combustion are supplied, the metal powder is supplied to the combustion chamber 300 through the powder supply line. In addition, when extinguished or unburned, a purge gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 300 instead of the metal powder.

The steam supplier 200 is a device for generating a super heated vapor of 200 ~ 400 ℃ to supply to the combustion chamber 300, the steam generator 210 and the steam supply controller 220, It has a structure including a steam cooler (230).

The steam generator 210 is supplied with power and water to generate high temperature steam, and if the specification of the water plasma igniter 400 is constant, the higher the temperature of the steam supplied into the combustion chamber 300, the higher the ignition and combustion. Since it can be made stable, it is preferable to heat the steam to 200 ℃ or more, it is preferable not to exceed 400 ℃ in consideration of safety problems due to the high temperature steam supplied through the pipe and energy efficiency using power.

The high temperature water vapor generated by the steam generator 210 is supplied to the combustion chamber 300 through a steam supply pipe (not shown) formed from the steam generator 210 to the combustion chamber 300.

The steam supply controller 220 supplies a quantity of steam supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by a control valve installed on the steam supply line and a bypass 221 branched on the steam supply line. Control the increase and decrease.

The steam cooler 230 is a device that does not supply into the combustion chamber 300 and cools and discharges the high temperature steam, which is bypassed 221 on the steam supply pipe, by heat exchange with cooling water, and passes through a cooling water storage tank. After cooling by heat exchange, the pump can be discharged and exhausted to the designated place outside.

5, 6 and 7 show a perspective view, a front view and a left side view of the combustion chamber, respectively.

4 to 7, the combustion chamber 300 receives the metal powder and water vapor from the metal powder supplier 100 and the steam supplier 200 to be combusted by the water plasma igniter 400. The apparatus has a structure including a tangential supply pipe 310, a vortex chamber 320, and a combustion chamber 330.

The tangential supply pipe 310 is a portion that receives the metal powder and water vapor from the metal powder supply unit 100 and the steam supply unit 200, and a connection portion (hereinafter referred to as a 'supply end') of the combustion chamber 300 is provided. It is connected in a tangential direction around the edge of the combustion chamber (300).

As described above, the metal powder and the water vapor enter the tangential direction in the combustion chamber 300 by the structure of the tangential supply pipe 310 connected tangentially around the edge of the combustion chamber 300.

If the supply end of the first tangential supply pipe 311 for supplying the metal powder and the second tangential supply pipe 312 for supplying the water vapor is arranged at a predetermined interval around the edge of the combustion chamber 300, the combustion chamber 300 The metal powder and the water vapor tangentially entered into the inside) are swirl flows through the same copper wire and path along the inner wall of the combustion chamber 300 and may be uniformly mixed.

The vortex chamber 320 provides a narrow disk-shaped mixing space portion in which the metal powder and water vapor introduced through the first tangential supply pipe 311 and the second tangential supply pipe 312 are swirled along the inner wall and are mixed. By the arrangement of the tangential supply pipe 310 as described above, a strong vortex may be formed in the vortex chamber 320 in a state in which the metal powder and water vapor are mixed (hereinafter referred to as 'mixture').

The combustion chamber 330 has a cylindrical structure that is longer than the vortex chamber 320 and has a smaller cross-sectional area and has one end connected to a central portion of the vortex chamber 320, and the metal powder drawn through a connection with the vortex chamber 320. The mixture of the water vapor and the spiral flows along the inner wall and proceeds to the other end side of the combustion chamber 330.

Inside the vortex chamber 320, the induction protrusion 321 protruding toward the combustion chamber 330 has an inclined or curved side shape such that its width is reduced toward the combustion chamber 330 toward the combustion chamber 330. As the metal powder, the transport gas, and the water vapor enter, the flow progressing direction, which is mainly made in the tangential direction in the vortex chamber 320, is guided to the combustion chamber 330.

The mixture in the vortex chamber 320 by the guide protrusion 321 is gradually spiraled in a swirl flow form repeatedly circulating in a circular path, and proceeds toward the combustion chamber 330, and the combustion chamber 330. The mixture drawn deflected into the helical flow proceeds continuously implementing spiral flow along the inner wall of the combustion chamber 330.

As the residence time of the metal powder and water vapor in the combustion chamber 300 is extended, stable ignition and combustion can be realized by improving the contact between fuel, oxidant, and ignition heat, but conventionally, by simply forming a combustion chamber long, As the residence time is extended, practical industrial application is difficult due to the preheating of the combustion chamber and the loss of heat.

According to the combustion chamber 300 structure, by the high-speed swirl flow, spiral flow of the mixture, the metal powder can be prevented from being entangled and can be dispersed and mixed with water vapor evenly, It is possible to realize heat flux evenly over.

In addition, the residence time of the mixture in the combustion chamber 300 can be increased, and the combustion speed and flame propagation speed in the combustion chamber 300 can be increased to combust the combustion more closely to enable high power, Compared to this, it is possible to implement a smaller combustion chamber.

The water plasma igniter 400 is a device for igniting the metal powder and water vapor supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by the water plasma, the 1000 ℃ or more in the mixture of the metal powder and water vapor to be an oxidant for burning the metal powder Water plasma is sprayed to ignite and burn.

As the temperature increases, the state of matter changes from solid to liquid, from liquid to gas, and when the gas is continuously heated to thousands of degrees Celsius (° C), gas molecules dissociate into atoms, and the atoms again become electrons and positively charged ions. In this way, the gas separated into electrons and ions at a high temperature, and the ionization degree is considerably higher than that of the neutral atom, and the negative and positive charges are almost the same in general, is called a plasma.

In general, plasma is generated through an electron heating process in which electrons obtain energy from an electric field and an ionization process in which electrons of neutral particles are separated, and the water plasma igniter 400 ignites and burns the metal powder using water as a supply gas. It is possible to apply a water plasma (water plasma) device to ionize the hydrogen and oxygen plasma of 1000 ℃ or more.

The water plasma igniter 400 may generate a high temperature plasma of 1000 ° C. or more using water vapor as a supply gas as described above, and includes a known water plasma apparatus if a plasma injection end is provided in the combustion chamber 300. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to a specific structure and form, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted since it follows the basic structure of a water plasma apparatus capable of generating high temperature plasma using water vapor as a supply gas.

 The water plasma is preferably applied at a different temperature and spraying amount depending on the component, particle size, etc. of the metal powder. For example, when the main component of the metal powder is designated as aluminum, the melting temperature of the aluminum oxide film is 2345K. The above specification which can generate a plasma is applied.

The water plasma is sprayed toward the combustion chamber 330 from the vortex chamber 320 side of the combustion chamber in the advancing direction of the metal powder and water vapor to the center portion of the combustion chamber 300 positioned at the center of the swirl flow. Thus, the metal powder is ignited and combusted in the combustion chamber 330.

The precipitator 500 is installed at a combustion gas discharge end for discharging the gas in the combustion chamber 300 to collect dust to prevent the outflow of the metal powder slug generated in the combustion process, and an electrostatic precipitator. If it is possible to isolate, collect, and remove the floating dust and the like in the combustion gas, including, and the like is not limited to a specific structure and shape, including the known art.

Next, a method of burning metal powder using a metal powder compact combustion apparatus using water plasma according to the first embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as 'metal powder combustion method using water plasma') will be described. do.

The metal powder combustion method using the water plasma according to the first embodiment of the present invention may be made through a metal powder supplying step, a mixed flow step, an ignition step, an ignition maintenance step, and a combustion maintenance step.

In the metal powder supplying step, the metal powder and water vapor at 200 ° C. to 400 ° C. are supplied to the combustion chamber 300 in a quantitative manner (a predetermined amount suitable for combustion), and the metal powder feeder 100 and the first tangential supply pipe 311 and the The metal powder and the water vapor are tangentially supplied into the combustion chamber 300 through mutually independent paths corresponding to the water vapor supplier 200 and the second tangential supply pipe 312.

In the mixing flow step, the pre-mixing step and the spiral flow step are sequentially performed, and the metal powder and water vapor are mixed in the combustion chamber 300 by swirl flow, and the spiral flow is performed to one side.

In the pre-mixing step, the metal powder and water vapor tangentially supplied into the combustion chamber 300 are circulated and mixed by swirl flow along the inner wall in the vortex chamber 320 of the combustion chamber, and among the combustion chamber 300. Induces flow to the combustion chamber 330 side where the combustion of the metal powder is mainly.

In the spiral flow step, a mixture of the metal powder and water vapor generated through the premixing step is introduced into the cylindrical combustion chamber 330 formed separately from the vortex chamber 320 so that the combustion chamber 330 has a limited length. It proceeds to one side over the increased residence time by the spiral flow of the mixture within.

In the ignition step, the metal plasma and water vapor supplied to the combustion chamber 300 are ignited by the high temperature water plasma injected from the water plasma igniter 400, and the water plasma igniter 400 supplies water vapor as a supply gas. To be ionized with hydrogen and oxygen plasma of 1000 ° C. or higher and injected into the combustion chamber 300.

The ignition step refers to a process in which the metal powder is ignited by the water plasma, and the water plasma igniter 400 may start its operation in the ignition step, before the metal powder supply step. Ignition of the metal powder may be performed after the mixing flow step in the operation started.

In order to promote ignition in the ignition step, the metal powder supply step may be performed after the metal powder preheating step of preheating the metal powder to an ambient temperature or more.

In preheating the metal powder in the metal powder preheating step, a separate electric power or a heat energy source may be used, but the heat energy of the hot water vapor separated and discharged through the bypass 221 from the steam supply 200 may be used. The energy consumed during the operation of the metal powder compact combustion apparatus according to the first embodiment may be preheated by an energy recuperation system or a regenerative heat exchanger as energy sources.

When the metal powder is aluminum particles, the longest process in the ignition process is to remove the oxide film. In order to remove the aluminum oxide film, the metal powder needs to be heated up to 2345K. Can reduce the cost.

If the operation of the water plasma igniter 400 is immediately stopped after the ignition of the metal powder is performed in the ignition step, the ignition and combustion of the metal powder even if the supply of the metal powder and water vapor in the combustion chamber 300 is continued. The state is not maintained, and it is extinguished.

In the ignition maintaining step, even when the injection of the water plasma is stopped, if the supply of the metal powder and water vapor in the combustion chamber 300 is continued, the water plasma injection is maintained for a predetermined time until the combustion of the metal powder can be continued.

In the combustion maintaining step, the operation of the water plasma igniter 400 is stopped to supply only the metal powder and water vapor to the combustion chamber 300 while stopping the injection of the water plasma to maintain combustion of the metal powder.

Next, the metal powder ignition apparatus using the water plasma according to an embodiment of the present invention having the configuration as described above, the prototype (proto type) of a small combustion apparatus is actually manufactured to ignite, burn only by the metal powder and water vapor, I will explain the experimental process and the result.

FIG. 8 is a prototype photograph of a metal powder compact combustion apparatus in which a compact combustion apparatus using water plasma according to a first embodiment of the present invention is actually manufactured.

Referring to FIG. 8, a prototype was composed of the metal powder feeder 100, the steam feeder 200, the combustion chamber 300, the water plasma igniter 400, and the dust collector 500. The powder was used as fuel, argon as a transfer gas, and water vapor as an oxidizing agent, and the combustion phenomenon was observed after igniting by ultra-high temperature water plasma.

9 is a graph measuring the metal powder supply amount according to the feed gas supply pressure in the metal powder feeder 100.

While supplying an argon (Ar) transfer gas to the powder storage tank 110 in which the metal powder is stored, the metal powder in the form of a fluidized bed in which the metal powder is uniformly dispersed and mixed on the transfer gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 300. It was transported to the side and supplied, and in this process, the metal powder 123 was continuously weighed.

Referring to FIG. 9, it can be seen that the mass of the metal powder in the powder aid 110 decreases linearly at a constant rate, and the mass flow rate of 32 g / min (0.54 g / sec) is averaged. This was measured.

10 is a graph measuring the amount of steam supplied according to the pressure in the steam generator 210 in the steam supply 200.

Water and power at room temperature were supplied to the steam generator 210, and water vapor heated in a high temperature steam of about 370 to 400 ° C. was supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by an electric heater. Condensed in the steam cooler 230 through the pass 221 and discharged.

Water vapor was sprayed into the combustion chamber 300 using an injector for uniform mixing with the metal powder, and the injector integrated the axial-tangential momentum ratio, the ejection angle, the flow rate, and the supply pressure. The geometric shape variable was designed in consideration of

Referring to FIG. 10, when the temperature in the steam generator 210 was maintained at a constant state of about 370 to 385 ° C. and a pressure of about 3.5 to 4.5 bar, an average mass flow rate of 49.4 g / min was measured.

11 is a graph showing a temperature gradient in the water plasma igniter 400 nozzle.

A water plasma torch was applied to the water plasma igniter 400, and water plasma was injected into the combustion chamber 300 through a nozzle formed at an end of the water plasma torch.

Referring to FIG. 11, a temperature field of 1000 ° C. or more is formed at a distance within 50 mm from a nozzle end of the water plasma igniter 400, and a temperature field of 3000 ° C. or more is formed at a distance within 10 mm. It can be seen that it has a temperature, and thus it is confirmed that the water plasma is suitable for application as an ignition energy source for ignition of aluminum and magnesium (melting point 650 ° C.).

12 is a graph illustrating an example of measuring light intensity according to ignition and combustion of aluminum powder using a photomultiplier tube.

In order to check the ignition and combustion state, there are two types of contact and non-contact measurement methods. In the case of contact type, the measurement temperature cannot be reliable due to the attachment of metal powder and excessive heat transfer to the measuring device. Light intensity was measured using PMT, Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT), and photodiode and charge coupled device (CCD) can be used.

In the graph shown in FIG. 12, there is a part where the intensity of light rises sharply, and it can be determined that ignition has started at this point. The interval can be determined by the ignition delay time.

FIG. 13 is a photograph of a combustor in a state in which an igniter is in operation before supplying metal powder. FIG. 14 is a photograph of a combustor in a state in combustion after supplying metal powder. FIG. 15 is a photograph of a combustor in a state in combustion. Compared to the picture of the burner in a state of more active combustion, Fig. 16 is a picture of the burner in the state of igniter stopped, Fig. 17 is a picture of the burner in the state of extinguishing the supply of metal powder to be.

The purge gas and the high temperature water vapor (oxidant) are first supplied into the combustion chamber 300 by the purge gas supplier 600 and the water vapor supply 200, and the water plasma igniter 400 is operated. In this state, the metal powder was supplied by the metal powder feeder 100, and the metal powder was made of magnesium powder having a particle size of 74 μm, containing a small amount of silicon, manganese, etc. and having a purity of 98.5%.

The compact combustion chamber having a length of 220 mm in the axial direction was possible by the combustion chamber 300 structure in which the metal powder and the water vapor were supplied in a tangential direction, premixed by swirl flow, helical flow, and advanced to one side.

Before the metal powder is supplied in the state where the water plasma igniter 400 is operated, the ignition is not performed as shown in FIG. 13, but after the metal powder is supplied, the ignition is performed as shown in FIG. 14. As shown in FIG. 15, more active combustion was achieved while adjusting the supply ratio of the metal powder and water vapor.

Even when the operation of the water plasma igniter 400 was stopped, it was confirmed that the combustion continued as only the supply of the metal powder (fuel) and the water vapor (oxidant), as captured in FIG. 16, to stop the supply of the metal powder. The flame was extinguished as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 9, the combustion continued as shown in FIG. 16 when the supply amount of magnesium powder was about 32 g / min (0.54 g / sec), and assuming that the entire magnesium powder reacted with an oxidizing agent, a fuel having an equivalence ratio of 0.49. can be calculated that the combustion is continued at a lean condition, look to in terms of per unit volume number density (number density) can be considered significantly higher number density compared to the explosion limit number density of the metal is generally known to be about 200g / m ³ 30g / m ³ .

The present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and the claims and detailed description of the present invention together with the embodiments in which the above embodiments are simply combined with existing known technologies. In the present invention, it can be seen that the technology that can be modified and used by those skilled in the art are naturally included in the technical scope of the present invention.

100: metal powder feeder 110: powder storage tank
120: transfer gas supply 121: gas storage tank
122: pressure transducer 123: electronic balance
124: powder supply controller 200: water vapor supply
210: steam generator 220: steam supply controller
221: bypass 230: steam cooler
300: combustion chamber 310: tangential supply pipe
311: first tangential supply pipe 312: second tangential supply pipe
320: vortex chamber 321: guide protrusion
330: combustion chamber 400: igniter
500: dust collector 600: purge gas supply

Claims (21)

A metal powder ignition apparatus using a water plasma to ignite and burn water plasma by spraying a water plasma on a mixture of metal powder and water vapor, which is an oxidant for burning the metal powder.
The method of claim 1,
The metal powder,
Consists of aluminum or magnesium,
The water plasma,
Metal powder ignition apparatus using water plasma which is the high temperature plasma of 1000 degreeC or more produced by ionizing water vapor.
Metal powder ignition method using a water plasma to ignite the metal powder in the combustion chamber 300 by using a water plasma (water plasma) while supplying only the metal powder and water vapor to the combustion chamber (300).
The method of claim 3,
The metal powder and water vapor,
Swirl flow (swirl flow) to extend the residence time in the space of the limited length of the combustion chamber 300 to proceed to one side,
The water plasma,
The metal powder ignition method is injected in the combustion chamber (300) located in the center of the swirl flow toward the progress direction of the metal powder and water vapor.
Combustion chamber 300;
A metal powder feeder (100) for supplying the metal powder to the combustion chamber (300);
A steam supplier 200 generating steam at 200 to 400 ° C. and supplying the steam to the combustion chamber 300; And
A water plasma igniter 400 for igniting the metal powder and water vapor supplied to the combustion chamber 300 with water plasma;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma comprising a.
The method of claim 5,
The combustion chamber 300,
A tangential supply pipe 310 is connected in a tangential direction around an edge of the combustion chamber 300 so as to tangentially supply the metal powder and / or water vapor into the combustion chamber 300 to generate a swirl flow. ;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma comprising a.
The method according to claim 6,
The combustion chamber 300,
Supply ends of the first tangential supply pipe 311 for supplying the metal powder and the second tangential supply pipe 312 for supplying the water vapor are arranged at predetermined intervals around an edge, and the first tangential supply pipe 311 and the first tangential supply pipe 311 A vortex chamber 320 swirling along the inner wall of the metal powder and water vapor introduced through the two-tangential supply pipe 312 to form a disc-mixable mixing space portion; And
A cylindrical structure having a cylindrical structure longer than the vortex chamber 320 and having a smaller cross section is connected to a central portion of the vortex chamber 320, and a mixture of the metal powder and water vapor introduced through the connection with the vortex chamber 320 forms an inner wall. Combustion chamber 330 flowing along the spiral and proceeds to the other end;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma comprising a.
The method of claim 7, wherein
The vortex chamber 320,
An induction protrusion 321 having an inner central portion protruding toward the combustion chamber 330 to induce a flow to the combustion chamber 330;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma comprising a.
The method of claim 5,
The metal powder feeder 100,
A powder storage tank 110 in which the metal powder is stored, and a discharge port through which the metal powder is discharged and upper and lower discharge ports, and a transport gas inlet port through which the transport gas is introduced; And
Feed gas supply to supply the transport gas to the powder storage tank 110 through the transport gas inlet to float some of the metal powder stored and stacked in the powder storage tank 110 to the outlet side to supply to the combustion chamber 300 side 120;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma comprising a.
10. The method of claim 9,
The transfer gas supplier 120,
A gas storage tank 121 in which the transport gas is stored;
A pressure transducer 122 installed on the gas supply line formed from the gas storage tank 121 to the powder storage tank 110 to measure air pressure;
An electronic scale 123 for measuring the supply amount of the metal powder to the combustion chamber 300 by measuring the weight of the powder storage tank 110; And
A powder supply controller 124 for controlling a supply amount of the metal powder on the combustion chamber 300 side according to the transport gas supply using data measured by the pressure transducer 122 and the electronic balance 123;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma comprising a.
10. The method of claim 9,
A purge gas supplier 600 having a supply end connected to a powder supply passage formed from the powder storage tank 110 to the combustion chamber 300 to supply a purge gas to the combustion chamber 300 instead of the metal powder. ;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma further comprising.
The method of claim 5,
The steam supply unit 200,
A steam generator 210 that receives power and water to generate high temperature steam; And
A steam supply controller 220 for controlling a supply amount of steam supplied to the combustion chamber 300 through a bypass 221 branched on a steam supply pipe formed from the steam generator 210 to the combustion chamber 300. ;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma comprising a.
The method of claim 12,
A steam cooler 230 for cooling and discharging the high temperature water vapor bypassed on the steam supply pipe by heat exchange with cooling water;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma further comprising.
The method of claim 5,
The water plasma of the water plasma igniter 400,
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using water plasma which is ionized by hydrogen and oxygen plasma of 1000 ° C or more using water vapor as a supply gas and sprayed into the combustion chamber (300).
The method of claim 5,
A dust collector 500 installed at a combustion gas discharge end for discharging the gas in the combustion chamber 300 and collecting dust to prevent an external outflow of the metal powder slug generated during the combustion process;
Metal powder compact combustion apparatus using a water plasma further comprising.
A metal powder supplying step of supplying quantitatively supplying metal powder and water vapor at 200 to 400 ° C. to the combustion chamber 300;
A mixing flow step of mixing metal powder and water vapor by swirl flow in the combustion chamber 300;
An ignition step of igniting water plasma with the metal powder and water vapor in the combustion chamber 300 as a fuel and an oxidant; And
An ignition holding step of maintaining the water plasma injection for a predetermined time until the combustion of the metal powder continues even when the injection of the water plasma is stopped;
Metal powder combustion method using a water plasma comprising a.
17. The method of claim 16,
The metal powder supply step,
Metal powder combustion method using a water plasma to supply the metal powder and / or water vapor tangentially into the combustion chamber (300) through a mutually independent path.
17. The method of claim 16,
The metal powder supply step,
The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder is preheated by an energy recuperation system or a regenerative heat exchanger to supply the metal powder to the combustion chamber. 17. The method of claim 16,
The mixing flow step,
A premixing step of circulating and mixing the metal powder and water vapor supplied in the tangential direction in the combustion chamber 300 by swirl flow along the inner wall in the disk-shaped mixing space portion of the combustion chamber 300; And
A spiral flow step of advancing a mixture of the metal powder and water vapor generated through the pre-mixing step into a separate cylindrical space in the combustion chamber 300 and progressing to one side through a more increased residence time by spiral flow;
Metal powder combustion method using a water plasma comprising a.
17. The method of claim 16,
The ignition step,
Small metal combustion method using a water plasma which is ionized by hydrogen and oxygen plasma of 1000 ℃ or more using water vapor as a supply gas and sprayed into the combustion chamber (300).
17. The method of claim 16,
After the ignition maintenance step, the combustion maintenance step of supplying only the metal powder and water vapor to the combustion chamber 300 in the state of stopping the injection of the water plasma and maintains combustion of the metal powder;
Metal powder combustion method using a water plasma further comprising.

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