KR20130020583A - Polyphase dynamoelectric machines and stators with phase windings formed of different conductor material(s) - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A stator including phase wirings is provided to reduce manufacturing costs by using conductive materials which are not existed within a first and a second wiring. CONSTITUTION: A stator includes a stator iron core(102) and a wiring located within the stator iron core. The wiring includes a first phase wiring(104) and a second phase wiring(106). The first phase wiring is formed by a conductive material which is not existed in the second phase wiring. The first phase wiring includes a second conductive material which is connected to a first conductor in parallel.

Description

POLYPHASE DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES AND STATORS WITH PHASE WINDINGS FORMED OF DIFFERENT CONDUCTOR MATERIAL (S)}

The present invention relates to a stator having a phase winding formed of a polyphase Dynamoelectric machine and one or more other conductor materials.

The present invention claims the advantages of Chinese Patent Application No.201110240191.5, filed August 19, 2011 and Chinese Utility Model Application No.201120305050.2, filed August 19, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. Integrated.

This section provides background information on the present invention, not necessarily prior art.

Dynamoelectric machines, such as motors and generators, convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, or mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Electric motors can be classified into two types: single-phase motors and polyphase motors. Single phase motors are driven by a single phase AC power source, while multiphase motors are driven by a polyphase AC power source which is generally a three phase AC power source.

For the purposes of the present invention, an electric motor driven by a single phase AC power source is a single phase electric motor even though the electric motor includes multiple windings such as a main winding and an auxiliary / start winding.

Polyphase motors and generators have multiple (usually three) phase windings. Conventionally, the phase winding has been formed of copper (including copper alloy). More recently, the phase windings have been formed of aluminum (including aluminum alloys) to reduce the cost of polyphase motors. This is because the cost of copper is relatively high compared with aluminum. In addition, while minimizing the amount of copper used in each phase winding, it is known to form each phase winding with copper and aluminum to achieve the desired performance characteristics. This also reduces the overall cost of the electric motor, since the cost of copper is relatively high compared to aluminum.

This section provides an overview of the invention and does not cover all the scope or features of the invention.

According to one aspect of the invention, a stator for a multiphase dynamo electric machine comprises a stator core and a winding located within the stator core. The winding comprises at least a first phase winding and a second phase winding. The first phase winding is formed of at least one conductor material that is not present in the second phase winding.

Other aspects and portions will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and examples provided herein are intended for understanding purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

By using a conductor material that is not present in the second phase winding in the first phase winding, a dynamo-electric machine incorporating a stator or stator can be achieved with conventional stators using the same conductor material (s) in each phase winding. May have desired properties (such as efficiency and material cost).

The drawings described herein are for the purpose of aiding in understanding the selected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1 is a plan view of a stator for a multiphase dynamoelectric machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2A and 2B are circuit diagrams showing an example of a stator having only one conductor for each phase.
3A and 3B are circuit diagrams showing examples of stators having the same number of conductors for each phase.
4A-4C are circuit diagrams showing examples of stators having different numbers of conductors for each phase.
5 is a plan view of a polyphase motor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a block diagram of a compressor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Here, like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Embodiments will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

By presenting embodiments, the present invention will be seamless and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Many details have been presented as examples of detailed configurations, apparatus, and methods to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that did not utilize the above detail requirements, and the embodiments may be embodied in many other forms and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention. In some embodiments, well known compressors, well known device structures, and well known techniques have not been described in detail.

The technology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms may be intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprises", "comprising" and "having" are inclusive and, therefore, specify descriptions of stated features, integers, steps, actions, elements and / or elements, and one or more other features, integers. It does not prevent the description or addition of step operations, elements, elements and / or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not necessarily understood to be required in the specific order described, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It may be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

When an element or layer is represented as "on", "coupled to", "connected" or "connected" to another element or layer, it is directly on top of the other element or layer, It may be combined, connected or connected, or an intermediate element or layer may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly above," "directly connected to", "directly connected to", or "directly connected to" another element or layer, it does not have an intermediate element or layer. Other terms used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in the same way (e.g., between "between" and "directly", "adjacent" and "directly adjacent"). As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more related presentation elements.

Here, the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements, configurations, regions, layers and / or parts, but by these terms such elements, configurations, regions The layers, layers and / or portions should not be limited. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, region, layer or portion from another region, layer or portion. Here, terms such as "first," " second, " and many other terms do not imply a sequence or order unless explicitly indicated by that context. Thus, the first element, configuration, region, layer or portion presented below may be referred to as a second element, composition, region, layer or portion without departing from the spirit of the embodiments. Where spatially relative terms such as "inside", "outside", "just under", "below", "low", "above", "above", etc. It may be used for convenience of description to describe the relationship of an element or feature to (s) or feature (s). The spatially relative terms may be intended to include other directions of the device in use or operation in addition to the directions depicted in the figures. For example, if the device is inverted in the figures, then elements described as "just below" or "below" of the other element or feature may be set to "above" or "above" the other element or feature. will be. As a result, the example term “below” may include both directions above and below. In addition, the device can be tailored (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

A stator for a three-phase dynamoelectric machine according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and indicated by the reference numeral 100. As shown in FIG. 1, stator 100 includes a stator core 102 and some phase windings located within stator core 102. Some phase windings include a first phase winding 104, a second phase winding 106, and a third phase winding 108. The first phase winding 104 is made of at least one electrical conductor material that is not present in the second phase winding 106. For example, the first phase winding 104 may comprise copper and the second phase winding 106 may be made of one or more other conductor materials that do not include copper.

By using a conductor material that is not present in the second phase winding in the first phase winding, the stator 100 or the dynamoelectric machine incorporating the stator 100 conventionally utilizes the same conductor material (s) in each phase winding. It may have desired properties (such as efficiency and material cost) that cannot be achieved with a stator of.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the stator iron core 102 is shown with only three salient poles. In other embodiments, additional salients can be used (preferably). In that case, each phase winding 104-108 may include two or more coils wound around two or more salient poles. In addition, the conductor material (s) used for a particular phase winding can be determined by the number and / or location of the coils with respect to the stator coils 102. Each coil contains one or more windings, and the number of windings for each coil can be the same as or different from the other coils.

In some embodiments, each of the phase windings 104-108 includes only one conductor. For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first phase winding 104 may consist of only one conductor comprising copper (eg, a copper wire), while the second phase winding 106 and the second phase winding 106 may be formed of a single conductor. The three phase winding 108 may consist of only one conductor each comprising aluminum (eg, aluminum wire). 2B shows another example configuration, in which the first phase winding 104 and the third phase winding 108 may each consist of only one conductor comprising copper, whereas the second phase winding 106 may It may consist of only one conductor comprising aluminum. 2A and 2B, the first phase winding 104 includes at least one conductor material (ie, copper) that is not present in the second phase winding 106.

Alternatively, one or more of the phase windings 104-108 may include two or more conductors connected in parallel. In addition, the first phase winding 104 may have the same number of conductors as the second and third phase windings 106 and 108. For example, FIG. 3A shows an embodiment in which each phase winding 104-108 includes two conductors connected in parallel. In particular, the first phase winding 104 consists of two conductors comprising copper, while the second and third phase windings 106 and 108 each consist of two conductors comprising aluminum. Similarly, in the example shown in FIG. 3B, each phase winding 104-108 includes three conductors connected in parallel. In particular, the first and third phase windings 104 and 108 each consist of three conductors comprising copper, while the second phase winding 106 is comprised of three conductors comprising aluminum. 3A and 3B, the first phase winding 104 includes at least one conductor material (ie, copper) that is not present in the second phase winding 106.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, only the first phase winding 104 comprises a first conductor material (eg, a copper wire), and only the second phase winding 106 is connected to the first conductor material. Another second conductor material (eg, aluminum wire).

4A-4C show another embodiment in which the first phase winding 104 has a different number of conductors than the second or third phase windings 106, 108. In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the first phase winding 104 consists of two conductors connected in parallel, the two conductors comprising a first conductor comprising copper and a second conductor comprising aluminum. In contrast, the second and third phase windings 106 and 108 each consist of one conductor comprising aluminum. FIG. 4B shows another embodiment having the same configuration as the example of FIG. 4A, except that the third phase winding 108 in FIG. 4B consists of a conductor comprising copper rather than aluminum. In the embodiment of FIG. 4C, the first and third phase windings 104, 108 are each composed of two conductors connected in parallel, the two conductors comprising a first conductor comprising copper and a second comprising aluminum Contains conductors. In contrast, the second phase winding 106 consists of one conductor comprising copper. In FIGS. 4A-4C, the first phase winding 104 includes at least one conductor material (ie, copper in FIGS. 4A, 4B and aluminum in FIG. 4C) that is not present in the second phase winding 106.

The third phase winding 108 may have the same configuration (ie, the same number and type of conductors) as the first phase winding 104 or the second phase winding 106 (when used). Alternatively, the third phase winding 108 may have a unique configuration different from the first phase winding 104 and the second phase winding 106. 4B is one example where the third phase winding 108 has a unique configuration.

In either embodiment, the size or wire gauge of each conductor may be the same as or different from the size or wire gauge of another conductor in the same phase winding (if possible) or another phase winding. In general, the size or wire gauge of any particular conductor is determined by the desired resistance and / or impedance of the conductor, the phase winding associated with the conductor, the position of the conductor on the stator core, and (if applicable) of the stacked stator lamination. Stack height ", the design of the stator stack (when used), the size of the machine, the intended application and / or considerations. In many embodiments, the size of each conductor ranges between about 19 AWG and about 14 AWG.

In addition, with reference to FIG. 1, stator core 102 may be formed in a suitable manner using a suitable material. For example, the stator iron core 102 may use a structure that is split or not split, and may include multiple laminations that are stacked together. The laminate may be made of steel, cast iron, aluminum or other suitable material.

The dimension of the fault person 100 may be appropriately selected depending on the given application. In some embodiments, stator 100 has a diameter between about 5.3 inches (12.5 cm) and about 7.1 inches (18 cm). In certain embodiments, stator 100 has a diameter of about 6.3 inches (16 cm).

While the embodiments described above utilize conductors comprising copper or aluminum, it should be understood that other well known conductor materials may be used, including silver, gold, calcium, beryllium, tungsten, and the like. In addition, the idea of the present invention may also be applied using future (ie currently unknown) conductor materials.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2-4, the phase windings 104-108 are connected in a Y-shaped configuration. Alternatively, the phase windings can be connected in a delta (delta) type configuration.

In addition, although FIGS. 1-4 illustrate stators for three-phase machines, it should be understood that the spirit of the present invention is applicable to multiphase machines having more or less phase windings. A stator with two phase windings (eg, for a two-phase motor).

In certain embodiments of the invention, the electrical resistance of the first phase winding is substantially different from the electrical resistance of the second phase winding and / or the electrical resistance of the third phase winding. For example, the resistance of the first phase winding may differ from that of the second phase winding by a difference of more than 10 percent. In other words, the resistance of the first phase winding can be greater than 110 percent (%) or less than 90 percent (%) of the resistance of the second phase winding. However, preferably, the electrical impedance of the first phase winding will be substantially the same (eg, within 10 percent (%)) of the electrical impedance of the second phase winding and / or of the third phase winding. In other words, the impedance of the first phase winding is as equal as possible plus or minus 10 percent (%) of the impedance of the second phase winding or the impedance of the third phase winding. As a result, when the stator is used, for example, in a motor powered by a stable power source, the current imbalance between any two phases does not exceed 10 percent (%).

5 shows a polyphase motor 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The motor 200 includes a rotor 204 connected to a stator 202 and a motor shaft 206. The rotor 204 has a suitable configuration. For example, the rotor 204 may be used in a squirrel cage, slip ring, solid core, or other suitable structure. In addition, the rotor 204 may be surrounded by the stator 202, as shown in FIG. 5. Or the rotor may be configured to extend around the stator (ie sometimes referred to as an "outer rotor" or "inside out" motor).

Stator 202 may use any of the configurations shown in FIGS. 1-4 or mentioned above. Preferably, the stator has three phase windings, each phase winding having an electrical impedance that is within 10 percent (%) of the electrical impedance of the other phase windings. As a result, when a polyphase motor is powered with a stable power source, the current imbalance between any two phase windings is only 10 percent.

As one presently preferred embodiment, the polyphase motor 200 of FIG. 5 includes a stator 202 having the winding configuration shown in FIG. 2A. Based on fixed rotor performance measurements, the line-to-line inductance between the first phase winding 104 and the second phase winding 106 is 56.4 mH and the first phase. The line inductance between the winding 104 and the third phase winding 108 is 62.7 mH, and the line inductance between the second phase winding 106 and the third phase winding 108 is 69.2 mH. Therefore, the average line inductance is 62.8 mH. Also, although the first phase winding 104 is made of a different material (ie, copper) from the second and third phase windings 106 and 108, the maximum deviation between any two line inductances is About 10 percent. The variation between line inductances is not due to other conductor materials, but due to an uneven air gap in the motor.

To calculate the average phase inductance, the average line inductance can be used in Equation 1 below, where L _ph is the average phase inductance and L _line is the average line inductance.

[Equation 1]

L _ph = L _line /1.5

 As a result, for certain embodiments in discussion, the average phase inductance is 42 mH.

Phase reactance can be calculated using Equation 2 below, where X is the phase reactance, f is the operating frequency and L _ph is the average phase inductance (calculated above).

&Quot; (2) "

X = 2 * π * f * L _ph

Assuming the operating frequency is 50 Hz, the reactance for each phase is 13.2 ohms.

The impedance for each phase can be calculated using Equation 3 below, where Z is phase impedance, R is phase resistance and X is phase reactance. .

&Quot; (3) "

In this embodiment, the second phase winding 106 and the third phase winding 108 (both made of aluminum) each have a resistance of 1.727 ohms, while the first phase winding 104 (made of copper) ) Has a resistance of 1.146 ohms. Thus, the impedance for each aluminum phase winding is 13.31 ohms, while the impedance for the copper phase windings is 13.25 ohms.

Thus, although the resistance of the first phase winding differs from the respective resistances of the second and third phase windings by a difference of more than 30 percent (%), the impedance of the first phase winding 104 is equal to the second phase winding 106 and Approximately equal to the impedance of the third phase winding 108. Thus, even if the first phase winding 104 is made of a different material (ie, copper) from the second and third phase windings 106 and 108, the current through each phase winding is a power source in which the motor 200 is stable. When powered by, it will be approximately equal.

The idea of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of polyphase motors and generators of various configurations (e.g., size, shape, horsepower, etc.), and the polyphase motor includes an induction motor, a synchronous motor, and the like. do. Such motors can be used in a wide variety of applications including pumps, fans, blowers, compressors, appliances, conveyor drives, electric vehicles, and other polyphase motor applications. Can be.

6 shows a compressor 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the compressor 300 includes a polyphase motor 302. The polyphase motor 302 includes a stator (not shown). The stator may use any of the configurations shown in FIGS. 1-5 or mentioned above. Compressor 300 is preferably a closed scroll compressor. Alternatively, other compressors of the appropriate type may be used, including reciprocating, rotary screw and rotary vane compressors.

While the foregoing embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, they are not intended to limit or extend the invention. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are not limited to generalizing that particular embodiment, and although not shown or described in detail, may be exchanged or used in the selected embodiment where applicable. Likewise, it can be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the invention, and all modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (18)

As a stator for a polyphase dynamo electric machine,
The stator includes a stator iron core and a winding located within the stator iron core, the winding comprising at least a first phase winding and a second phase winding, wherein the first phase winding is at least one not present in the second phase winding. The stator is formed of a conductor material. The method of claim 1,
The stator of claim 1, wherein the at least one conductor material comprises copper. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
And the second phase winding comprises aluminum. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The stator of claim 1, wherein the first phase winding comprises only one conductor. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
And the first phase winding comprises a first conductor and a second conductor connected in parallel to the first conductor. The method of claim 5, wherein
The stator and the second conductor each of which comprises copper. The method of claim 5, wherein
The first conductor comprises copper,
The stator of claim 2, wherein the second conductor comprises aluminum. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The stator of claim 2, wherein the second phase winding comprises only one conductor. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The first phase winding and the second phase winding each have one resistance,
The stator between the resistance of the first phase winding and the resistance of the second phase winding is greater than 10 percent (%) of the resistance of the second phase winding. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The first phase winding and the second phase winding each have one impedance,
The stator of the first phase winding is within 10 percent (%) of the impedance of the second phase winding. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
And the winding comprises a third phase winding. The method of claim 11,
And the third phase winding comprises copper. The method of claim 11,
And the third phase winding comprises aluminum. 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
And the third phase winding comprises only one conductor. A multiphase dynamoelectric machine comprising the stator according to any one of claims 1 to 14. The method of claim 15,
The multiphase dynamo electric machine is a multiphase dynamo electric machine, characterized in that the multiphase electric motor. 17. The method of claim 16,
The current difference between any two phase windings is not greater than 10 percent (%) of one of the two phase windings when the polyphase motor is powered with a stable power source. Dynamo Electric Machine. A hermetic compressor comprising the multiphase dynamo electric machine of claim 16.

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