KR20130013385A - Apparatus of tar removal and recovery using solid particles - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A tar refinement and recovery apparatus is provided to use a solid particle using fluidized bed gasifier, thereby minimizing the operation cost and the installation cost of subsequent facilities. CONSTITUTION: A tar refinement and recovery apparatus comprises the following steps: A fluidized bed gasifier(10) thermal cracks solid particles and steam by a high temperature-fluid sand, and produces synthetic gas whose main ingredients are H2 and CO. The first gas separator(20) discharges dusts and fluid sand included in the synthetic gas, and separates the synthetic gas. A tar remover(30) adsorbs the tar included in the synthetic gas on the surface of the solid particle, and discharges the solid particle with the synthetic gas. The second gas separator(40) discharges the solid particle that the tar is adsorbed on, restores in the fluidized bed gasifier, and separate the synthetic gas. A refinement filter(50) refines the supplied synthetic gas to a usable synthetic fuel. A chamber(11) has a recovery inlet(111) formed in the side for the solid particle restored from the second gas separator to be reused as a heating material for the fluid sand, and a fire hole(112) discharging the combustion gas of the heating material. The first duct(12) has the first inlet port(121) separating the heated fluid sand from the chamber inside and injecting the solid particle, and a steam supply globe(122) supplying steam. A fluid sand duct(13) is formed in the side of the first duct in a line, and the fluid sand rising through the first duct drops and re-flows in the fluid sand duct. A perforated hole(123) is formed in the lower part of the first duct for biomass to be thermal cracked directly by the fluid sand. A cyclone(21) is connected to a discharger(211) for the solid particle to be discharged to the lower part, and for the synthetic gas to be transmitted to the upper end. [Reference numerals] (AA) Cooling water; (BB) Fluid sand; (CC) Tar; (DD) Bio mass; (EE) Bio mass absorbed with tar; (FF) Syngas; (GG) Steam; (HH) Combustion gas

Description

Tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles {APPARATUS OF TAR REMOVAL AND RECOVERY USING SOLID PARTICLES}

The present invention relates to a tar refining and recovery apparatus using solid particles, and more particularly, by adding solid particles to the syngas generated through a fluidized bed gasifier and adsorbing tar, there is no need for a separate device for tar refining. The present invention relates to a tar refining and recovery apparatus using solid particles that can reuse the tar adsorbed on the solid particles as fuel of a fluidized bed gasifier to increase the efficiency of the device.

In general, the generation of tar is inevitable in the syngas process of combustible waste such as biomass.

The tar is composed of an oxidized organic component generated due to incomplete reaction of a feed material in a synthesis gas process such as biomass.

These materials exist in gaseous or stable aerosol form at high temperatures and tend to condense at low temperatures.

Thus, when tar containing syngas is used as fuel for the gas turbine, the turbine blades wear out and the combustion process is inefficient. In addition, when used as an internal combustion engine fuel may be deposited on the valves and cylinders of the internal combustion engine to reduce the durability of the device.

Therefore, in the process of producing syngas such as biomass, a device for removing tar is essential.

However, when using a device for removing the tar separately, it causes a waste of the installation cost and operating cost of the facility there is a problem that the efficiency of syngas fuel generation is very low.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a first object of the present invention is to provide a tar refining and recovery apparatus using solid particles using a fluidized bed gasifier capable of minimizing the installation and operating costs of the rear stage equipment. have.

The second object of the present invention is to add a solid particle to the syngas generated through the fluidized bed gasifier to adsorb the tar, and does not require a separate device for tar purification. It is to provide a tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles that can be reused to increase the efficiency of the apparatus.

The present invention according to the characteristics of the present invention for achieving the above object, the first proposal relates to a tar refining and recovery apparatus using solid particles, a high-temperature fluidized sand accommodated therein solid particles and steam A fluidized bed gasifier (10) for pyrolysing to generate a synthesis gas containing H ₂ and CO as a main component; A first gas separator 20 for discharging and separating only the synthesis gas; and receiving the synthesis gas from the first gas separator 20 and adsorbing the tar included in the synthesis gas to the surface of the solid particles. Tar remover 30 for discharging the solid particles together; and the tar adsorbed solid particles supplied from the tar remover 30 are discharged to reduce to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 and to separate only the synthesis gas. A second gas separator (40); And a refining filter (50) for receiving the synthesis gas from the second gas separator (40) so as to be used as a synthetic fuel, wherein the solid particles are made of biomass and the second gas separator (40). The solid particles to be reduced to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 is characterized in that it is reused as the raw material of the solid particles or the heating raw material of the fluid.

The second invention, in the first invention, the fluidized bed gasifier 10 is to accommodate the flow yarn heated therein and to recycle the solid particles reduced from the second gas separator 40 to the heating material of the flow yarn. A chamber 11 having a reduction inlet 111 formed at the side and a combustion port 112 for discharging the combustion gas of the heating raw material, and isolating the heated flow yarn in the chamber 11 and introducing solid particles; The first inlet 121, the first pipe line 12 is formed to form a steam supply port 122 for supplying steam, and is formed in parallel to the side of the first pipe line 12 is raised through the first pipe line 12 The flow pipes 13 and the flow pipes 13 and the flow pipes separated in the chamber 11 are introduced into the first pipe line 12 by their own weight so that the biomass can be directly pyrolyzed by the flow pipes. It is desirable to include a punching tool 123 formed in the lower portion of the first conduit 12 It is.

In the third invention, in the first invention, the solid particles reduced from the second gas separator 40 to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 are preferably introduced into the first inlet 121 and used as a solid particle feedstock. .

In the fourth invention, in the first invention, the first gas separator 20 and the second gas separator 40 discharge heavy solid particles to the lower side, and the discharge pipe 211 to send the synthesis gas to the upper side. It is preferred to consist of the connected cyclones 21.

The fifth invention, in the first invention, the tar remover 30 is connected to the first gas separator 20, the second inlet 311 to which the solid particles are injected to adsorb the tar contained in the synthesis gas Is formed of a cooling shaft 31 and a screw shaft 32 disposed on the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 31 so that the solid particles introduced through the second inlet 311 can be transferred in one direction by rotation. It is preferable to be.

According to the tar refining and recovery apparatus using solid particles according to the present invention, there is an effect of minimizing the installation and operating costs of the rear end equipment using a fluidized bed gasifier.

In addition, by injecting the solid particles into the syngas generated through the fluidized bed gasifier to adsorb the tar, there is no need for a separate device for tar refining, thereby reducing energy and lowering the price of equipment.

 In addition, there is an effect that can increase the efficiency of the device by reusing the tar adsorbed on the solid particles as the fuel of the fluidized bed gasifier.

1 is a block diagram of a tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles according to the present invention,
2 is an operation of the tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, the tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles according to the present invention will be described in detail together with the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram of a tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention separates tar for refining by injecting solid particles into a synthesis gas produced at a relatively low temperature (800 ° C. to 900 ° C.) through a fluidized bed gasifier 10 to adsorb tar. The present invention relates to a tar refining and recovering apparatus using solid particles, which does not require a device and can reuse the tar adsorbed on the solid particles as a fuel of the fluidized bed gasifier 10 to increase the efficiency of the device.

The tar refining and recovery apparatus using the solid particles is largely composed of five parts, which are a fluidized bed gasifier 10, a first gas separator 20, a tar remover 30, and a second gas separator 40. ) And a purification filter 50.

Here, the solid particles are composed of biomass such as wood chips, fruit peels, corn stalks, seaweeds, etc. (hereinafter, "solid particles" of the fluidized bed gasifier will be described as "biomass").

The fluidized bed gasifier 10 is a device capable of minimizing the installation and operation cost of the rear end equipment by generating a medium-heavy calorific value synthesis gas, and accommodates a heated fluid sand therein, Pyrolysis of biomass by direct and indirect heat of the flowing sand produces syngas with H ₂ and CO as main components.

The fluidized bed gasifier 10 has a reduction inlet 111 formed at the side to accommodate the heated yarn inside and to recycle the biomass reduced from the second gas separator 40 as a heating raw material of the flowing yarn and It consists of the chamber 11 which has the combustion port 112 which discharges the combustion gas of a heating raw material.

At this time, the chamber 11 may be provided with an auxiliary heater (not shown) such as a burner capable of heating the flow yarn.

In addition, the chamber 11 is formed with a space portion 113 for temporarily storing the synthesis gas generated in the upper portion, the first pipe passage 12 and the flow pipe passage 13 in communication with the space portion 113 chamber It is a structure formed in the center part of (11).

Here, the first conduit 12 has a first inlet 121 for isolating the heated flow yarn in the chamber 11 and injecting biomass, and a steam inlet 122 for supplying steam. It is a formed structure.

This structure is intended to generate syngas by allowing the biomass, which is pyrolyzed in the first conduit 12, to react with moisture.

On the other hand, the flow pipe line 13 is formed in parallel to the side of the first pipe line 12 to function to drop and re-flow the flow yarn discharged through the first pipe line (12). In addition, 10% of the biomass introduced into the first inlet 121 is introduced into the flow pipe passage 13 to be used as a heating fuel for the flow yarn.

At this time, the flow pipe isolated in the chamber 11 is introduced into the first pipe line 12 by its own weight in the lower portion of the first pipe line 12 so that the biomass can be directly pyrolyzed by the flow pipe. It is a structure which further includes the other tool 123 formed in the lower part of (12).

Therefore, the first pipe line 12 is supplied with biomass, steam, and a flowing sand together, and the heat exchange with the biomass and the flowing sand is performed directly along the first pipe line 12 by rising airflow caused by the blowing pressure of the steam and the high temperature. This makes the biomass pyrolyzed to syngas.

Meanwhile, the flow sand discharged to the upper portion of the first pipe line 12 and exposed on the space portion 113 is dropped into the flow pipe line 13 to compensate for the loss of the isolated flow sand discharged through the other tool 123, In addition, the temperature rise of the flow yarn can be further increased by joining the flow yarn heated by the reaction with the isolated flow yarn.

In addition, since the first pipe line 12 isolates the flow yarn contained in the chamber 11, the high temperature flow yarn can function to indirectly heat the biomass in the first pipe line 12.

The first gas separator 20 is connected to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 to receive syngas and discharge dust and flow sand contained in the syngas and to separate only the syngas.

The first gas separator 20 is composed of a cyclone 21 is connected to the discharge pipe 211 to discharge the heavy solid particles to the bottom, the synthesis gas to the upper end. Here, the solid particles are dust generated during thermal decomposition of the biomass, and the flow sand segregated in the chamber 11, and these dusts and flow sands are discharged downward by their own weight while turning the inner wall of the cyclone 21.

In addition, the tar remover 30 receives the synthesis gas from the first gas separator 20 to adsorb the tar included in the synthesis gas on the surface of the solid particles to discharge the solid particles together with the synthesis gas. Here, the solid particles are composed of biomass (hereinafter, the "solid particles" of the tar remover will be described as "biomass").

To this end, the tar remover 30 is connected to the first gas separator 20 and through a cooling jacket 31 in which a second inlet 311 into which solid particles are introduced is formed, and through the second inlet 311. It consists of a screw shaft 32 disposed on the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 31 so as to transfer the injected solid particles in one direction by rotation.

Here, the cooling jacket 31 has a structure in which cooling water is circulated so that the synthesis gas is supplied from the first gas separator 20 to cool the synthesis gas. In addition, the second inlet 311 through which the biomass can be introduced is formed so that the tar contained in the synthesis gas can be adsorbed on the surface of the biomass. In addition, the screw shaft 32 serves to feed the injected biomass in one direction to supply to the second gas separator (40).

The blow fan 60 is mounted between the tar remover 30 and the second gas separator 40 so that the biomass and the syngas discharged from the tar remover 30 are blown by the second gas separator 40. It is configured to be able to pressurize).

The second gas separator 40 discharges the tar-adsorbed biomass to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 and separates only the syngas to be sent to the purification filter 50.

The second gas separator 40 has the same configuration as that of the first gas separator 20, except that biomass, in which tar is adsorbed, is used as an input material for solid particles of the fluidized bed gasifier 10, or a heating material for a fluid yarn. It is a structure that is reused.

That is, a part of the tar adsorbed biomass separated from the second gas separator 40 is introduced into the first inlet 121 of the fluidized bed gasifier 10 and reduced as input material, and another part of the tar is adsorbed. It is a structure that is reduced to the reducing inlet 111 of (10) and recycled as a heating raw material of the flowing yarn.

This structure provides a structure that can increase the energy efficiency of the system because the tar-adsorbed biomass is used as the fuel of the fluidized bed gasifier 10.

The purification filter 50 is supplied with a synthetic gas removed from the tar to be purified to be used as a synthetic fuel.

Hereinafter, the operation of the tar purification and recovery apparatus using the solid particles according to the present invention will be described.

2 is an operation of the tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, steam is supplied through the steam supply port 122 of the fluidized bed gasifier 10, and biomass is introduced into the first inlet 121.

In addition, the flow pipe isolated in the chamber 11 through the other tool 123 is supplied into the first conduit 12 by its own weight into the first conduit 12.

Then, the biomass and the flowing sand are directly heat-exchanged along the first pipe line 12 by the rising air flow due to the blowing pressure of the steam and the high temperature. At this time, the biomass is heated to 800 ° C to 900 ° C and subjected to pyrolysis to react with H and O ₂ components of steam to produce a synthesis gas having H ₂ and CO as main components.

At this time, the flow yarn discharged to the upper portion of the first pipe line 12 and exposed on the space portion 113 is dropped into the flow pipe line 13 to compensate for the loss of the flow yarn discharged through the other tool 123, and The fluidized sand heated by the reaction merges with the isolated flow sand to further increase the temperature rise of the flow sand.

In addition, since the first pipe line 12 isolates the flow yarn contained in the chamber 11, the high temperature flow yarn can function to indirectly heat the biomass rising through the first pipe line 12.

On the other hand, the synthesis gas generated in the fluidized bed gasifier 10 is separated from the dust and the flow sand in the first gas separator (20).

In addition, tar is included in the syngas separated from the dust and the flowing sand, and the syngas is supplied to the tar remover 30 to remove the tar.

When the synthesis gas containing tar is introduced through the cooling jacket 31 of the tar remover 30, the temperature of the synthesis gas containing tar is lowered by the cooling water circulating in the cooling jacket 31.

At this time, the biomass is injected into the second inlet 311 of the cooling jacket 31 so that the tar is fused to the surface of the myomass to remove the tar.

The tar is present in a gaseous state or a stable aerosol form in a high temperature synthesis gas and tends to condense at low temperature. By cooling the high temperature synthesis gas, the tar condensed at low temperature is fused to the surface of the biomass. Can be removed.

In addition, the biomass including tar is discharged through a screw shaft installed on the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 31 to be supplied to the second gas separator 40, and the tar removed from the synthetic gas is also transferred to the second gas separator 40. Supplied.

The second gas separator 40 discharges the tar adsorbed biomass to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 and separates only the synthesis gas and sends it to the purification filter 50.

Here, a part of the tar adsorbed biomass separated from the second gas separator 40 is introduced into the first inlet 121 of the fluidized bed gasifier 10 to be reduced as input raw material, and another part of the tar is adsorbed. It is reduced to the reducing inlet 111 of 10) and recycled as a heating raw material of the flowing yarn.

Finally, the purification filter 50 is supplied with the tar-removed synthetic gas to be purified to be used as a high-purity synthetic fuel.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments mentioned above, various other modifications and variations will be possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and changes as fall within the true scope of the invention.

10: fluidized bed gasifier 11: chamber 111: reduction inlet
112: combustion port 113: space part
12: first passage 121: first entrance
122: steam supply hole 123: other tool
13: floating pipeline
20: first gas separator 21: cyclone 211: discharge pipe
30: tar remover 31: cooling jacket 311: second inlet
32: screw shaft
40: second gas separator
50: refined filter
60: blower fan

Claims (5)

A fluidized bed gasifier 10 for thermally decomposing solid particles and steam introduced by a high-temperature flow yarn accommodated therein to generate a synthesis gas including H ₂ and CO as a main component;
A first gas separator 20 connected to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 for discharging dust and flow sand included in the syngas and separating only the syngas;
A tar remover 30 receiving the synthesis gas from the first gas separator 20 to adsorb the tar included in the synthesis gas to the surface of the solid particles to discharge the solid particles together with the synthesis gas;
A second gas separator 40 for discharging the tar adsorbed solid particles supplied from the tar remover 30 to the fluidized bed gasifier 10 and separating only the syngas; And
Receiving a synthesis gas supplied from the second gas separator 40, the purification filter 50 for use as a synthetic fuel;
The solid particles are made of biomass,
The solid particles reduced from the second gas separator (40) to the fluidized bed gasifier (10) is tar refining and recovery apparatus using solid particles, characterized in that the reuse of the raw material of the solid particles or the heating raw material of the fluid.
The method of claim 1,
The fluidized bed gasifier 10 has a reducing inlet 111 formed at the side to accommodate the heated yarns inside and to recycle the solid particles reduced from the second gas separator 40 as a heating material of the flowing yarns; A chamber 11 having a combustion port 112 for discharging combustion gas of a heating raw material,
A first pipe passage 12 in which a heated flow yarn is isolated in the chamber 11 and a first inlet 121 for introducing solid particles, a steam supply port 122 for supplying steam, and
A flow pipe line 13 formed in parallel with the side of the first pipe line 12 so that the flow sand rising through the first pipe line 12 is dropped and reintroduced;
Drilling tool 123 formed in the lower portion of the first conduit 12 so that the isolated flow yarn in the chamber 11 flows into the first conduit 12 by its own weight so that the biomass can be directly pyrolyzed by the flow yarn. Tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles, characterized in that comprises a.
The method of claim 1,
The solid particles reduced into the fluidized bed gasifier 10 from the second gas separator 40 is injected into the first inlet 121 is used to purify the tar using solid particles, characterized in that used as a solid particle feedstock .
The method of claim 1,
The first gas separator 20 and the second gas separator 40 is composed of a cyclone 21 is connected to the discharge pipe 211 so that the heavy solid particles are discharged to the bottom, the synthesis gas can be sent to the top. Tar purification and recovery apparatus using solid particles characterized in that.
The method of claim 1,
The tar remover 30 is connected to the first gas separator 20 and a cooling jacket 31 having a second inlet 311 to which solid particles are introduced to adsorb tar included in the synthesis gas, and Tar using solid particles, characterized in that consisting of a screw shaft 32 is disposed on the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 31 so that the solid particles introduced through the second inlet 311 in one direction by rotation. Purification and Recovery Apparatus.

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