KR20120101854A - The development method of radiation detected module for thin film deposition system - Google Patents
The development method of radiation detected module for thin film deposition system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 박막 증착 시스템을 이용한 방사선 검출 모듈 개발방법에 관한 것으로 금속(Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ti, Cu 등) 및 금속산화물 (SiO2, TiO2, AlO3 등)을 박막 증착 시스템을 이용하여 단위 섬광체에 단층 혹은 다층으로 코팅한다. 코팅된 복수개의 단위 섬광체(Scintillator)를 다양한 형태로 배열한 후 섬광체 배열틀을 끼운 핵의학 영상 센서용 방사선 검출 모듈의 개발방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for developing a radiation detection module using a thin film deposition system. The present invention relates to a thin film deposition system comprising a metal (Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ti, Cu, etc.) and a metal oxide (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , AlO 3, etc.). To coat the unit scintillator in a single layer or multiple layers. The present invention relates to a method of developing a radiation detection module for a nuclear medical image sensor in which a plurality of coated scintillators are arranged in various forms and then fitted with a scintillator array.
일반적으로 섬광체(Scintillator)는 높은 유효원자번호로 이루어진 무기섬광체(Inorganic scintillator)와 낮은 원자번호로 이루어진 유기섬광체(Organic scintillator)로 나누어진다.In general, scintillators are divided into inorganic scintillators having a high effective atomic number and organic scintillators having a low atomic number.
무기섬광체는 에너지가 높고 투과력이 강한 감마선(Gamma ray)의 검출에 유리하고 유기섬광체는 투과력이 낮은 알파선(Alpha ray), 베타선(Beta ray)의 검출에 주로 사용이 된다.Inorganic scintillators are useful for the detection of gamma rays with high energy and high permeability. Organic scintillators are mainly used for detecting alpha rays and Beta rays with low permeability.
무기섬광체를 사용한 방사선 검출기는 갑상선, 유방암 등 인체의 종양을 진단할 때 쓰이는 감마카메라와 인체의 생리, 화학적 기능적 영상을 3차원으로 나타낼 수 있는 양전자단층촬영기기(PET, Positron Emission Thomography) 등의 의료분야, 보안검사, 유전탐사, 원자력발전소 방사선량 측정, 환경방사선량 측정 등 산업분야, 입자 및 천체물리 등 기초과학 연구 분야 등 에서 다양하게 응용되어 사용되고 있다.Radiation detectors using inorganic scintillators include gamma cameras for diagnosing tumors of the human body, such as thyroid and breast cancer, and positron emission tomography (PET, Positron Emission Thomography). It is applied to various fields such as security inspection, oil field exploration, radiation dose measurement of nuclear power plant, environmental radiation dose measurement, and basic scientific research fields such as particle and astrophysics.
방사선을 검출하는 방법은 방사선의 전리작용을 사용하며 직접전리방식과 간접전리방식으로 나뉜다.The method of detecting radiation uses ionization of radiation and is divided into direct ionization and indirect ionization.
직접전리 방식은 가스검출기, 반도체 검출기와 같이 방사선과 직접적으로 반응하여 전자를 발생시켜 방사선의 정보를 획득하는 방법이고, 그에 반에 간접전리방식은 방사선을 맞으면 광자를 발생시키는 섬광체를 사용하여 방사선을 낮은 에너지의 광자로 변환한 후 PMT(Photo Multiplier Tube), PIN diode, CCD/CMOS image sensor등의 광센서를 통하여 전기적 신호로 변환시키는 방식이다.The direct ionization method is a method of obtaining radiation information by directly reacting with radiation such as a gas detector and a semiconductor detector, and the indirect ionization method uses a scintillator that generates photons when the radiation is hit. After converting to photon of energy, it converts into electrical signal through optical sensors such as PMT (Photo Multiplier Tube), PIN diode, CCD / CMOS image sensor.
본 발명에서 검출효율과 방사선 에너지 분해능 면에서 우수한 간접전리 방식과 무기섬광체를 사용하여 개발 되어지는 방사선 검출기는 섬광체 발생 광자의 손실을 줄이기 위한 반사체와 하우징 제작기술에 목적이 있다.In the present invention, a radiation detector developed using an indirect ionization method and an inorganic scintillator with excellent detection efficiency and radiation energy resolution has an object of manufacturing a reflector and a housing to reduce the loss of scintillation photons.
또한 핵의학장비, 산업용 방사선 검사장비 등 에서 더 높은 분해능의 영상획득이 요구됨에 따라 그 핵심부품인 영상센서를 구성하는 방사선 검출기 배열의 소형화가 필요하다.In addition, as higher resolution image acquisition is required in nuclear medical equipment and industrial radiation inspection equipment, it is necessary to miniaturize the radiation detector array constituting the image sensor which is a key component.
크기가 작은 다량의 섬광체를 격자구조로 배열하여(Scintillator array) (도 4) 사용해야 하기 때문에 얇고 높은 반사율을 갖는 반사체를 사용하는 것도 섬광체 배열 모듈 제작의 필수요소 이다.Since a large number of small scintillators should be used in a lattice structure (Scintillator array) (FIG. 4), the use of a reflector having a thin and high reflectance is also an essential element of the scintillator array module fabrication.
이에 따라 종래 기술을 사용한 섬광체 배열은 두 가지 문제점을 갖고 있다.Accordingly, the scintillator arrangement using the prior art has two problems.
첫 번째 문제점은 섬광체 사이에 들어가는 반사체 두께이다.The first problem is the thickness of the reflector between the scintillators.
기존에 사용되는 반사체는 테프론 테이프(Teflon tape), 백색 에폭시(White epoxy), 광학필름(Optical film), 금속산화물(TiO2, MgO 등) 이 주성분으로 되어있는 반사페인트, 금속산화물 파우더 압축물 등이 사용되어 왔고 이러한 반사체는 50 ? 250㎛의 두께를 갖고 있다. 1×1mm 이하로 섬광체의 크기가 작아질 경우 반사체의 두께가 섬광체 두께의 10 ? 25％까지 차지하게 되어 고분해능 검출기를 제작하는데 제약을 받게된다.Reflectors used in the past include Teflon tape, white epoxy, optical film, reflective paints composed mainly of metal oxides (TiO 2 , MgO, etc.), metal oxide powder compacts, etc. Has been used and these reflectors are 50? It has a thickness of 250 μm. When the size of the scintillator becomes smaller than 1 × 1 mm, the thickness of the reflector is 10? It accounts for up to 25%, which limits the fabrication of high resolution detectors.
두 번째 문제점은 섬광체 배열의 제작 방법에 있다.The second problem lies in how the scintillator array is made.
테프론 테이프, 페인트, 에폭시, 파우더 압축물 등으로 제작되는 현재의 제작방법은 섬광체들과 반사체가 일체화 되어 섬광체 배열이 완성된 후에 불량픽셀이 발생하면 배열 전체를 새로 만들어야 하는 문제점이 있다. 불량픽셀의 원인은 반사체의 두께가 일정하게 제작되지 않는 경우와 기공이 생기는 경우, 제작 과정 중 섬광체가 파손되는 경우이다. 이러한 문제점이 발생한 픽셀은 반사율이 떨어지게 된다. 픽셀 사이즈가 작아지고 개수가 늘어남에 따라 생산과정에서 불량 픽셀의 발생률이 높아지고 있다.The current manufacturing method made of Teflon tape, paint, epoxy, powder compact, etc. has a problem in that if the defective pixels occur after the scintillator and the reflector are integrated and the scintillator array is completed, the entire array must be newly created. The cause of the bad pixel is that the thickness of the reflector is not uniformly produced or the pores are generated, and the scintillator is broken during the manufacturing process. Pixels having such a problem have a low reflectance. As pixel size decreases and the number of pixels increases, the incidence rate of defective pixels increases in the production process.
본 발명은 금속 혹은 금속산화물 반사체를 이용하여 단층 혹은 다층으로 섬광체의 표면을 박막 증착 시스템을 이용하여 코팅하는 방법으로 표면에 고효율의 반사막을 형성시킴으로서 반사율을 높일 수 있으며 기존의 방식으로 제작을 할 경우에 문제되는 불량 픽셀 발생 시 불량 픽셀만의 교체가 가능하도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention is a method of coating the surface of the scintillator in a single layer or multiple layers using a metal or metal oxide reflector by using a thin film deposition system to form a highly efficient reflecting film on the surface to increase the reflectance and when manufactured in the conventional manner The purpose of this is to enable replacement of only bad pixels when bad pixels are generated.
또한 고분해능을 실현하여 핵의학 영상처리의 단점을 보완하는데 그 목적이 있다.It also aims to compensate for the shortcomings of nuclear medicine image processing by realizing high resolution.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 기술적 문제를 해결하기 위하여 단위 섬광체 각각의 표면을 코팅하기 위해 박막 증착 시스템 안에 섬광체를 넣고 고정하는 단계, 섬광체 배열을 일체화 하지 않고 단위 섬광체 각각에 반사체 박막을 형성하는 단계, 코팅된 섬광체의 표면에 접착제 처리하여 단일 형태로 배열 후 고정하는 단계, 박막 코팅된 섬광체를 배열할 수 있는 틀속에 끼워 넣는 단계, 완성된 모듈을 검증하는 단계로 이루어진 것에 특징이 있다.In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for coating a surface of each unit scintillator to fix the scintillator in a thin film deposition system, and forming a reflector thin film on each unit scintillator without integrating the scintillator array. Adhesive treatment on the surface of the scintillator is characterized in that consisting of the step of fixing in a single form, the step of inserting the thin film-coated scintillator in the frame that can be arranged, the step of verifying the completed module.
본 발명은 섬광체 배열의 반사체 두께를 1?5㎛로 줄이고 90％ 이상의 반사율을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 고분해능 방사선 영상장치에 적합하다. 또한, 반사체를 섬광체의 5면에 증착함으로써 검출 효율이 증가하고 의료용 영상장치에 사용될 경우 환자의 방사선 피폭량을 줄이는 효과가 있다.The present invention is suitable for a high resolution radiographic apparatus because the reflector thickness of the scintillator array can be reduced to 1-5 탆 and a reflectance of 90% or more can be obtained. In addition, by depositing the reflector on five surfaces of the scintillator, the detection efficiency is increased, and when used in a medical imaging apparatus, the radiation exposure of the patient is reduced.
단층 박막 반사체는 약 90?92％까지의 반사율을 획득할 수 있다.The single-layer thin film reflector can obtain reflectance up to about 90 to 92%.
다층 박막 반사체는 18층 이상 증착하였을 경우 96％ 이상의 반사율을 갖게 되며 26층 이상 증착하였을 경우 98％ 이상의 반사율을 갖게 되고 증착 횟수가 많아질수록 100％에 근접하게 된다.The multilayer thin film reflector has a reflectivity of 96% or more when more than 18 layers are deposited, and has a reflectivity of 98% or more when more than 26 layers are deposited, and the number of depositions is closer to 100%.
도 3은 SiO2와 TiO2 와 같은 굴절률이 상이한 금속산화물을 사용한 다층박막 반사체를 전산모사를 통해 설계한 결과이다.3 is a result of designing a multilayer thin film reflector using metal oxides having different refractive indices such as SiO 2 and TiO 2 through computer simulation.
반사체가 증착된 섬광체를 배열틀에 넣어서 섬광체 배열을 제작할 경우 제조공정상에 불량률을 낮출 수 있으며 고선량 노출 시 발생하는 방사선 피로, 충격에 의한 파손 등 섬광배열이 변형되어도 손상되지 않은 섬광체를 재사용 할 수 있는 이점이 있다.When manufacturing the scintillator array by putting the scintillator with the reflector deposited on it, the defect rate can be lowered in the manufacturing process, and the scintillator which is not damaged even when the scintillation array is deformed, such as radiation fatigue and damage caused by high dose exposure can be reused. There is an advantage to that.
도 1은 단층 박막 코팅 된 단일 섬광체의 구조도.
도 2는 다층 박막 코팅 된 단일 섬광체의 구조도.
도 3은 다층 박막 코팅 된 단일 섬광체의 단면도.
도 4는 박막 코팅 된 단일 섬광체의 배열 구조도.
도 5는 일체화된 섬광체를 고정해주는 고정 틀 구조도.
도 6은 본 발명의 전체 구조도.1 is a structural diagram of a single scintillator coated with a single layer thin film.
2 is a structural diagram of a single scintillator coated with a multilayer thin film.
3 is a cross-sectional view of a single scintillator with multilayer thin film coating.
4 is an arrangement structure diagram of a single scintillator coated with a thin film.
Figure 5 is a fixed frame structure for fixing the integrated scintillator.
6 is an overall structural diagram of the present invention.
본 발명을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 단위 섬광체(11) 표면에 박막 증착 시스템을 이용하여 금속(Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ti, Cu 등)으로 단층 박막 코팅(12) 된 단위 섬광체 구조도(10)이다.FIG. 1 is a unit scintillator structure diagram 10 of a single layer
도 2는 단위 섬광체(11') 표면에 박막 증착 시스템을 이용하여 금속산화물(SiO2, TiO2, AlO3 등)로 다층 박막 코팅(12') 된 단위 섬광체 구조도(10')이다.FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a
도 1에서 단층의 경우 반사물질은 금속을 이용한다.In the case of a single layer in FIG. 1, the reflective material uses metal.
또한 도 2에서 다층의 경우 반사물질은 굴절률이 낮은 물질(MgF2, SiO2, Al2O3)과 굴절률이 높은 물질(TiO2)을 번갈아가며 다층으로 증착하여 고반사율 필름을 형성하는 방법을 사용한다.In addition, in the case of the multilayer in FIG. 2, the reflective material is a method of forming a high reflectivity film by alternately depositing a material having a low refractive index (MgF 2 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) and a material having a high refractive index (TiO 2 ) alternately. .
도 1의 다층 박막 반사체 코팅 시 금속의 코팅 두께는 가시광선에 대한 표면깊이(Skin Depth)를 계산하여 90?92％의 반사율을 갖게 하며 박막 두께는 1?5㎛로 제작한다.When coating the multilayer thin film reflector of FIG. 1, the coating thickness of the metal has a reflectance of 90 to 92% by calculating a skin depth for visible light and a thin film thickness of 1 to 5 μm.
도 2의 다층 박막 반사체 코팅 시 96?99％의 반사율을 갖게 하기 위해 18층?26층 이상의 박막을 증착한다. 도 2에서 사용되는 섬광체 중 GSO, LuYAP:Ce, LSO, LYSO는 18층 이상의 박막을 증착하고 BGO, YAG:Ce, CsI:Tl는 26층 이상의 박막을 증착 하여야 한다. 또한 박막의 총 두께는 10?15㎛가 된다.In order to have a reflectivity of 96 to 99% when coating the multilayer thin film reflector of FIG. 2, 18 to 26 thin films or more are deposited. Among the scintillators used in FIG. 2, GSO, LuYAP: Ce, LSO, and LYSO should deposit 18 or more layers, and BGO, YAG: Ce, and CsI: Tl should deposit more than 26 layers. Moreover, the total thickness of a thin film will be 10-15 micrometers.
도 3은 단위 섬광체에 다층 박막 코팅된 섬광체의 단면도이다. 굴절률의 차이에 따라 빛의 입사각과 반사각의 차이가 생겨 층의 수가 많을수록 최종 적으로 센서에 도달하는 빛의 신호는 많아진다.3 is a cross-sectional view of a scintillator having a multi-layer thin film coated on a unit scintillator. The difference between the refractive indices causes the difference between the incident angle and the reflected angle of the light. As the number of layers increases, the signal of light finally reaching the sensor increases.
도 4는 단층 혹은 다층으로 코팅 된 단위 섬광체를 배열한 구조도이다. 코팅된 단위 섬광체 들은 어떤 형태로든 복수개의 섬광체가 모여 하나의 배열 섬광체를 형성할 수 있다. 또한 배열된 단위 섬광체 중 불량 섬광체 발생 시 언제든지 쉽게 분해하여 새로운 코팅된 단위 섬광체로 교체가 가능하다.4 is a structural diagram in which unit scintillators coated with a single layer or multiple layers are arranged. The coated unit scintillators can form a plurality of scintillators in any form to form an array scintillator. It is also possible to easily disassemble and replace it with a new coated unit scintillator at any time when a defective scintillator occurs among the arranged unit scintillators.
도 5의 섬광체 배열틀(13)은 방사선 에너지에 따라 다른 물질로 제작된다.The
갑상선이나 유방 진단용 감마카메라, 단일광자방출단층촬영(SPECT)은 Tc-99m, I-123 방사선원이 주로 사용되며 Tc-99m은 140keV, I-123은 159keV의 감마선 피크 에너지를 갖는다. 이러한 저에너지 방사선용 섬광체 배열에서는 방사선 선감쇠(Linear Attenuation)와 질량감쇠(Mass Attenuation)가 적은 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트(PMMA, Polymethyl Methacrylate)를 사용하여 배열틀을 제작한다. 저에너지 방사선을 검출하는 영상장치 중 높은 강도를 요구할 경우에는 방사선 감쇠는 적고 강도가 높은 탄소섬유를 사용하여 제작한다.For thyroid, breast diagnostic gamma cameras and single photon emission tomography (SPECT), Tc-99m and I-123 radiation sources are mainly used. Tc-99m has a gamma peak energy of 140 keV and I-123 159 keV. In the low energy radiation scintillator array, an array frame is manufactured using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) having low linear attenuation and mass attenuation. When high intensity is required among imaging apparatuses for detecting low energy radiation, it is manufactured using carbon fiber having high intensity and low radiation attenuation.
양전자단층촬영(PET), 산업용 감마카메라(Gamma camera)는 O-15, N-13, C-11, F-18, Na-22, Cs-137이 주로 사용되며 511keV, 663keV의 감마선을 검출한다. 고에너지 방사선용 섬광체 배열에는 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트(PMMA), 탄소섬유, 알루미늄 세 가지가 사용된다.In positron emission tomography (PET) and industrial gamma cameras, O-15, N-13, C-11, F-18, Na-22 and Cs-137 are mainly used and detect gamma rays of 511keV and 663keV. . There are three polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA), carbon fibers and aluminum in the array of scintillators for high energy radiation.
도 6은 본 발명의 전체 구조도 이며 방사선 감쇠 및 강도의 정도에 따라 사용되는 섬광체가 다르고 배열틀의 재질이 달라진다. 또한 반사체의 종류와 두께의 정도를 달리하여 사용자의 원하는 특성에 맞게 제작 가능하고 불량을 최소화하여 고 부가가치를 창출해 낼 수가 있다.6 is an overall structural diagram of the present invention, the scintillator is used according to the degree of radiation attenuation and intensity is different and the material of the array frame is different. In addition, it is possible to manufacture according to the user's desired characteristics by changing the type and thickness of the reflector and to create high added value by minimizing defects.
Claims (12)
가공된 단위 섬광체(Scintillator)는 박막 증착 시스템을 이용하여 코팅.The method of claim 1,
The processed unit scintillator is coated using a thin film deposition system.
사용 가능한 박막 증착 시스템은 전자-빔 증발기(Electron Beam Evaporator), 박막 증착 시스템은 화학기상증착(CVD, Chemical Vapor Deposition)장비, 열 증발기(Thermal Evaporator), 스퍼터(RF sputter)장비 등 이며 이 중 어느 한 가지를 선택하여 사용.The method of claim 2,
Available thin film deposition systems are Electron Beam Evaporator, thin film deposition systems are CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) equipment, Thermal Evaporator, Sputter (RF sputter) equipment, etc. Choose one and use it.
박막 증착 시스템 사용 시 내부에 섬광체를 삽입하여 고정 시 고온에 잘 견디며 접착력에 이상이 없는 특수 내열 테이프 사용.The method of claim 2,
When using a thin film deposition system, a scintillator is inserted into the inside, so it is resistant to high temperatures when fixed and uses a special heat-resistant tape that has no abnormality in adhesion.
가공된 단위 섬광체는 LYSO, LSO, YSO, BGO12, YAG, Gd2o2S:Tb, CsI:Na, NaI:TI, CsI:TI, LGSO, LaBr3, LuYAP 등 이며 이 중 어느 하나 또는 복수개를 선택하여 사용.The method of claim 1,
Processed unit scintillators are LYSO, LSO, YSO, BGO 12 , YAG, Gd2o2S: Tb, CsI: Na, NaI: TI, CsI: TI, LGSO, LaBr 3 , LuYAP, etc. .
가공된 단위 섬광체를 단층 박막 증착 코팅 시 사용되는 금속은 Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ti, Cu 등 이며 이 중 어느 하나를 택하여 사용.
박막의 두께는 약 1?5㎛로 한다.The method of claim 1,
Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ti, Cu, etc. are used for single-layer thin film deposition coating of the processed unit scintillator.
The thickness of a thin film shall be about 1-5 micrometers.
가공된 단위 섬광체를 다층 박막 증착 코팅 시 사용되는 금속산화물은 SiO2, TiO2, AlO3, MgF2, Al2O3 등 이며 이 중 두 개 이상의 금속산화물을 택하여 사용.
박막의 두께는 약 5?15㎛로 한다.The method of claim 1,
The metal oxides used for the multi-layer thin film deposition coating of the processed unit scintillator are SiO 2 , TiO 2 , AlO 3 , MgF 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and two or more metal oxides are used.
The thickness of the thin film is about 5 to 15 mu m.
배열된 단위 섬광체는 겉 표면에 빛 반사에 영향을 미치지 않는 접착제를 선택하여 접착 처리하거나 접착되지 않은 상태로 배열.The method of claim 8,
Arranged unit scintillators are glued or unbonded by selecting an adhesive that does not affect light reflection on the outer surface.
갑상선이나 유방 진단용 감마카메라(Gamma camera), 단일광자방출단층촬영(SPECT, Single Photon Emission Couputed Tomography)은 Tc-99m, I-123 방사선원이 주로 사용되며 Tc-99m은 140keV, I-123은 159keV의 감마선 피크 에너지를 갖는다. 이러한 저에너지 방사선용 섬광체 배열에서는 방사선 선괌쇠와 질량감쇠가 적은 폴리메틸 메타크릴레이트(PMMA, Polymethyl Methacrylate)를 사용하여 배열틀을 제작. 저에너지 방사선을 검출하는 영상장치 중 높은 강도를 요구할 경우에는 방사선 감쇠는 적고 강도가 높은 탄소섬유 사용하여 제작.
또한 양전자단층촬영(Positron Emission Tomography, PET), 산업용 감마카메라(Gamma camera)는 O-15, N-13, C-11, F-18, Na-22, Cs-137이 주로 사용되며 511keV, 663keV 의 감마선을 검출한다. 고에너지 방사선용 섬광체 배열에는 폴리메틸 메타크릴레이트(PMMA), 탄소섬유, 알루미늄 중 어느 하나를 선택하여 사용.The method of claim 10,
Gamma cameras for thyroid or breast diagnosis and single photon emission courageous tomography (SPECT) are mainly Tc-99m and I-123 radiation sources. Tc-99m is 140keV and I-123 is 159keV Gamma rays have peak energy. In the low energy radiation scintillator array, an array frame is fabricated using radiation guam and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with low mass attenuation. If high intensity is required among imaging devices that detect low energy radiation, it is manufactured using carbon fiber with high intensity and low radiation attenuation.
Positron emission tomography (PET) and industrial gamma cameras are mainly O-15, N-13, C-11, F-18, Na-22, Cs-137, 511keV, 663keV Detects gamma rays. Select one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), carbon fiber and aluminum for the high energy radiation scintillator array.
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