KR20120069894A - Treatment method for wastewater including heavy metal - Google Patents

Treatment method for wastewater including heavy metal Download PDF

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KR20120069894A
KR20120069894A KR1020100131224A KR20100131224A KR20120069894A KR 20120069894 A KR20120069894 A KR 20120069894A KR 1020100131224 A KR1020100131224 A KR 1020100131224A KR 20100131224 A KR20100131224 A KR 20100131224A KR 20120069894 A KR20120069894 A KR 20120069894A
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waste gas
wastewater
heavy metal
heavy metals
discharged
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KR1020100131224A
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Korean (ko)
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한기천
김기영
전웅
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재단법인 포항산업과학연구원
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Priority to KR1020100131224A priority Critical patent/KR20120069894A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals is provided to save costs required for operating a waste gas purifying apparatus and to prevent the generation of environmental pollution by reducing the amount of waste gas discharged into the air. CONSTITUTION: A method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals includes the following: wastewater containing heavy metals is collected from plants; waste gas discharged from the plants is supplied to the collected wastewater; the heavy metals are reacted with the waste gas to form precipitates; and the precipitates are filtered, and the filtered wastewater is discharged. The waste gas contains either H_2S or SO_x.

Description

중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법{TREATMENT METHOD FOR WASTEWATER INCLUDING HEAVY METAL}Wastewater treatment method containing heavy metals {TREATMENT METHOD FOR WASTEWATER INCLUDING HEAVY METAL}

본 발명은 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 중금속과 반응하여 침전물을 형성하는 폐가스를 폐수에 공급함으로써, 폐수의 수질 개선은 물론 대기를 오염시키는 폐가스를 활용할 수 있는 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a wastewater treatment method containing heavy metals, and more particularly, by supplying wastewater to wastewater which reacts with the heavy metal to form sediment, thereby improving the water quality of the wastewater as well as utilizing heavy metals that can utilize waste gas polluting the air. It relates to a wastewater treatment method containing.

제철공장에서 발생되는 산업폐수에는 다양한 오염물질이 포함되며, 특히, 오염물질 중 중금속은 산업발전의 영향으로 그 발생량이 나날이 증가하고 있다. 여기서, 중금속은 구리(Cu), 카드뮴(Cd), 납(Pb), 수은(Hg) 등 비중이 4.0 이상의 무거운 금속으로, 이러한 중금속은 미량이라도 토양이나 하천 및 지하수로 유입되면 수중 생태계 및 인간의 건강과 생활환경에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서, 폐수 중에 함유된 중금속을 효율적으로 제거하기 위한 다양한 방법의 연구가 진행되고 있는데, 예컨대, 철염, 알루미늄 등의 화학약품을 첨가하는 방법 및 소석회 등을 이용하는 방법이 주로 활용된다.Industrial wastewater generated from steel mills contains various pollutants, especially heavy metals among pollutants are increasing day by day due to industrial development. Here, heavy metals are heavy metals having a specific gravity of at least 4.0 such as copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), and even when the heavy metals are introduced into soil, rivers, and groundwater, the aquatic ecosystem and human It adversely affects the health and living environment. Therefore, various methods for efficiently removing heavy metals contained in wastewater are being conducted. For example, methods of adding chemicals such as iron salt and aluminum, and using slaked lime are mainly used.

여기서, 철염, 알루미늄 등의 화학약품을 첨가하는 방법은 중금속 제거 효과는 우수하나 고가의 약품비용을 요구하므로 폐수처리의 운전비용을 상승시키는 문제점이 있다. 그리고 소석회를 이용하는 방법은 폐수에 함유된 중금속을 수산화물 형태로 바꾸어 침전 분리시키는 방법이다. 하지만, 이 방법은 생성되는 침전물의 자체 중량이 가볍고, 이에 따라, 침전물의 침강속도가 매우 느리기 때문에 별도로 응결제인 폴리머를 일정량 투입하여 침전물의 입자를 조대화시켜 침강속도를 증가시켜야만 하는 불편이 있다.Here, the method of adding a chemical such as iron salt, aluminum, etc. is excellent in heavy metal removal effect, but requires a high cost of chemicals, there is a problem to increase the operating cost of wastewater treatment. And the method using the lime is a method of precipitation separation by converting the heavy metal contained in the waste water to the hydroxide form. However, this method has the inconvenience of having to increase the sedimentation rate by coarsening particles of sediment by adding a certain amount of polymer as a coagulant because the sediment weight of the produced sediment is light and, accordingly, the sedimentation rate of the sediment is very slow.

한편, 제강공장에서는 폐수뿐만 아니라 공기 중으로 폐가스도 배출시키게 된다. 물론, 폐가스를 정화시켜 공기 중으로 배출하는 다양한 방법 및 기술이 개발되고 있으나 폐가스를 활용하는 방안에 대한 고려는 미미한 실정이다.On the other hand, in the steel mill, not only wastewater but also waste gas is discharged into the air. Of course, various methods and technologies for purifying the waste gas and discharging it into the air have been developed, but considerations on how to utilize the waste gas are insignificant.

본 발명은 상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 안출된 것으로, 중금속과 반응하여 침전물을 형성하는 폐가스를 폐수에 공급함으로써, 폐수의 수질 개선은 물론 대기를 오염시키는 폐가스를 수질 정화에 활용할 수 있는 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법의 제공을 그 목적으로 한다.The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, by supplying the waste gas to the waste water reacting with the heavy metal to form a sediment, it contains a heavy metal that can improve the water quality of the waste water as well as the waste gas that pollutes the air The aim is to provide a method for treating wastewater.

본 발명은 공장으로부터 배출되고 중금속이 함유된 폐수를 집수하는 단계; 집수된 상기 폐수에 공장으로부터 배기되는 폐가스를 공급하는 단계; 상기 중금속과 상기 폐가스를 반응시켜 침전물을 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 침전물을 여과하고 여과된 상기 폐수를 방류시키는 단계를 포함하는 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법을 제공한다.The present invention comprises the steps of collecting wastewater discharged from the factory and containing heavy metals; Supplying waste gas exhausted from a factory to the collected waste water; Reacting the heavy metal with the waste gas to form a precipitate; And filtering the precipitate and releasing the filtered wastewater.

여기서, 상기 폐가스는 H2S 또는 SOx 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 것에도 그 특징이 있다.Here, the waste gas is also characterized by including at least one of H 2 S or SO x .

본 발명에 의하면, 중금속과 반응하여 침전물을 형성하는 폐가스를 폐수에 공급하여 중금속을 침전시킴으로써, 폐수의 수질을 개선할 수 있다.According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the water quality of the wastewater by supplying the waste gas to the wastewater by reacting with the heavy metal to form a precipitate.

또한, 본 발명에 의하면, 공기 중으로 배출되어 대기를 오염시키는 폐가스를 폐수처리 즉, 수질 정화에 활용함으로써, 공기 중으로 배출되는 폐가스의 양을 줄일 수 있고, 폐가스 정화장치의 운전비용을 줄일 수 있으며, 궁극적으로 환경오염을 방지할 수 있다.In addition, according to the present invention, by utilizing the waste gas discharged into the air to contaminate the air for waste water treatment, that is, water purification, the amount of waste gas discharged into the air can be reduced, and the operating cost of the waste gas purification device can be reduced. Ultimately, environmental pollution can be prevented.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법을 공정 순으로 나타낸 공정 순서도.1 is a process flow chart showing a method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals according to the present invention.

이하, 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 용이하게 실시할 수 있도록 본 발명의 구성에 대하여 첨부한 도면을 참고로 하여 상세히 설명한다. 그러나 본 발명은 여러 가지 상이한 형태로 구현될 수 있으며 여기에서 설명하는 실시예에 한정되지 않는다.Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

그러면, 본 발명에 따른 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법에 대하여 도 1을 참조하여 설명한다.Next, a wastewater treatment method containing heavy metals according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법은, 먼저, 제강공장 등으로부터 배출되고 구리(Cu), 카드뮴(Cd), 납(Pb), 수은(Hg)과 같은 중금속을 함유하고 있는 폐수를 예컨대, 도시하진 않았지만, 소정의 공간을 가지는 집수조에 유입시킨다. 이때, 공장으로부터 배출되는 폐수는 폐수유입펌프를 통해 배관을 따라 집수조로 공급될 수 있고, 상기 배관에는 폐수의 유량을 제어하는 각종 밸브가 설치될 수 있다.Referring to Figure 1, the wastewater treatment method containing a heavy metal according to the present invention, first, is discharged from the steelmaking plant and the like and the heavy metals such as copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) For example, the wastewater contained therein is introduced into a sump having a predetermined space although not shown. In this case, the wastewater discharged from the factory may be supplied to the sump along the pipe through the wastewater inflow pump, and various pipes may be installed in the pipe to control the flow rate of the wastewater.

다음으로, 집수조에 유입된 폐수에 함유되어 있는 중금속과의 화학적 반응을 위해 집수조에 폐가스를 공급한다.Next, waste gas is supplied to the sump for chemical reaction with heavy metals contained in the wastewater introduced into the sump.

여기서, 폐가스는 제조공정에서 발생되어 공기 중으로 배출되는 가스이며, 통상, 이러한 폐가스는 별도의 정화과정을 거쳐 공기 중으로 배출된다. 본 발명에서는 이러한 폐가스를 폐수처리에 활용한다.Here, the waste gas is a gas generated in the manufacturing process and discharged into the air, and in general, such waste gas is discharged into the air through a separate purification process. In the present invention, such waste gas is utilized for wastewater treatment.

즉, 공기 중으로 배출되는 폐가스를 폐수처리의 자원으로 재활용함으로써, 종래에 폐수처리에 사용되던 각종 원료를 대체할 수 있고 버려지는 폐가스를 자원화함으로써, 종래보다 비용을 상당히 절감시킬 수 있다.That is, by recycling the waste gas discharged into the air as a wastewater treatment resource, it is possible to replace the various raw materials used in the conventional wastewater treatment, and by recycling the waste gas to be discarded, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost than conventional.

이와 같이, 공장으로부터 배기되는 폐가스는 배기구와 집수조를 연결하는 덕트 등에 의해 집수조로 공급된다. 이때, 이러한 폐가스의 공급 여부 및 공급량을 조절하는 제어장치가 구비될 수 있다.In this way, the waste gas exhausted from the factory is supplied to the collection tank by a duct connecting the exhaust port and the collection tank. At this time, it may be provided with a control device for controlling the supply and supply amount of such waste gas.

다음으로, 집수조에 유입된 중금속과 집수조로 공급된 폐가스를 반응시켜 침전물을 형성하여, 폐수 내에 함유되어 있는 중금속을 침전시킨다.Next, the heavy metal introduced into the sump and the waste gas supplied to the sump react with each other to form a precipitate to precipitate the heavy metal contained in the wastewater.

즉, 집수조에 유입된 구리, 카드뮴, 납, 수은 등의 중금속 양이온은 공급되는 폐가스와의 화학적 반응을 통해 침전물을 형성하게 된다.That is, heavy metal cations such as copper, cadmium, lead, and mercury introduced into the sump form a precipitate through chemical reaction with the supplied waste gas.

이때, 통상의 폐가스는 H2S, 또는 SOx 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하고 있는데, H2S의 경우 아래와 같은 반응식에 의해 이온화되어 2가의 S2-을 형성하고 이온화된 구리, 카드뮴, 납, 수은의 원자가도 2가(Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Hg2+)이므로, 이들이 서로 이온 결합되어 금속 황화합물인 침전물(CuS↓, CdS↓, PbS↓, HgS↓)을 형성하게 된다.
At this time, the conventional waste gas contains at least one of H 2 S, or SO x , in the case of H 2 S is ionized by the following reaction to form a bivalent S 2- of ionized copper, cadmium, lead, mercury Since the valence is also divalent (Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ ), they are ionically bonded to each other to form precipitates (CuS ↓, CdS ↓, PbS ↓, HgS ↓) which are metal sulfur compounds.

H2S(g) → H2S(l) H 2 S (g) → H 2 S (l)

H2S(l) ↔ HS- + H+ H 2 S (l) ↔ HS - + H +

HS- ↔ S2 - + H+ HS - ↔ S 2 - + H +

Cu2 + + S2 - → CuS
Cu 2 + + S 2 - → CuS

이와 같이, 폐수에 함유되어 있는 중금속은 폐가스와의 이온 결합을 통해 침전물을 형성하며 침전하게 된다. 이때, 침전물 형성 효율 즉, 중금속과 폐가스의 반응성을 높이기 위해, 폐가스 공급 전 폐수에 함유되어 있는 난분해성 물질로부터 중금속 양이온을 분리하는 전처리 공정이 수행될 수 있다. 그러나 공급되는 폐가스의 황 음이온보다 폐수에 함유되어 있는 중금속 양이온이 많으면, 이온 결합에 참가하지 않은 중금속 양이온이 발생되고 이러한 중금속 양이온은 폐수에 그대로 함유된 채로 방류되므로, 집수조의 용량에 따른 중금속 함량을 미리 측정하여 데이터화하고, 이 측정 데이터에 따라 공급되는 폐가스의 공급량을 조절하여 폐수처리 효율을 극대화하는 것이 바람직하다.As such, the heavy metals contained in the waste water are precipitated by forming a precipitate through ionic bonds with the waste gas. In this case, in order to increase the precipitate formation efficiency, that is, the reactivity of the heavy metal and the waste gas, a pretreatment process of separating the heavy metal cation from the hardly decomposable material contained in the wastewater before the waste gas supply may be performed. However, if there are more heavy metal cations contained in the waste water than sulfur anions of the supplied waste gas, heavy metal cations which do not participate in ionic bonds are generated and these heavy metal cations are discharged as they are contained in the waste water. It is preferable to maximize the wastewater treatment efficiency by adjusting the amount of waste gas supplied in accordance with the measurement data in advance.

마지막으로, 중금속 양이온과 폐가스의 음이온 간의 화학적 반응으로 형성된 침전물을 여과하고 침전물이 여과된 폐수를 방류시킨다.Finally, the precipitate formed by the chemical reaction between the heavy metal cation and the anion of the waste gas is filtered and the precipitate discharges the filtered wastewater.

이 단계에서는 집수조의 폐수를 예컨대, 침전조로 배출하여 금속 황화합물로 형성된 침전물을 완전히 침전시켜 폐수를 침전물과 상등수로 분리시킨다. 그리고 이를 여과기에 통과시켜 침전물을 걸러내고 맑은 상등수만을 통과시켜 방류한다.In this step, the wastewater of the sump is discharged to, for example, a sedimentation tank to completely precipitate the precipitate formed of the metal sulfur compound to separate the wastewater into the sediment and the supernatant. Then, it is passed through a filter to filter out the sediment and discharged through only the clear supernatant.

즉, 침전조는 최종적으로 잔류하는 오염물질을 방류기준 이내로 관리하는 역할을 하게 된다. 이때, 침전물을 걸러내는 여과기는 활성탄 여과기 또는 모래를 이용한 여과기 등 다양한 여과기가 사용될 수 있다.In other words, the sedimentation tank serves to manage the last remaining pollutants within the discharge standard. At this time, the filter for filtering the precipitate may be used a variety of filters such as activated carbon filter or sand filter.

여기서, 상등수는 폐수 중 침전조에서 침전물이 가라앉은 윗부분의 맑은 물을 의미한다. 그리고 침전조는 다수개로 구비되어, 여러 개의 침전조를 폐수를 순차적으로 통과시키면서 중금속 제거 효율을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있다. 이때, 집수조에서 반응하지 못한 중금속 양이온들을 침전시키기 위해 침전조에도 폐가스를 공급할 수 있다.Here, the supernatant means the clear water of the upper part where the sediment settled in the sedimentation tank of the wastewater. And the sedimentation tank is provided with a plurality, it is possible to further improve the heavy metal removal efficiency while passing through the sewage of several sedimentation tanks sequentially. At this time, the waste gas may be supplied to the precipitation tank to precipitate heavy metal cations that did not react in the collection tank.

또한, 각 침전조마다 다양한 성능의 여과기를 구비함으로써, 폐가스와의 화학적 반응에 참여하지 않은 다른 중금속들을 걸러내어 최종 방류되는 폐수의 중금속 오염도를 최소화하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, each settling tank is equipped with a filter of various performance, it is desirable to filter other heavy metals that do not participate in the chemical reaction with the waste gas to minimize the heavy metal contamination of the final discharged wastewater.

상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명은 중금속과 반응하여 금속 황화합물의 침전물을 형성하는 폐가스를 폐수에 공급함으로써, 방류되는 폐수의 수질을 개선할 수 있는데, 무엇보다도 환경을 오염시킬 뿐만 아니라 무심코 버려지는 폐가스를 폐수처리 즉, 수질 정화에 활용함으로써, 공기 중으로 배출되어 대기를 오염시키는 폐가스의 양을 줄일 수 있고, 이에 따라, 폐가스 정화장치의 운전비용 및 설비비용을 줄일 수 있으며, 궁극적으로, 물과 공기의 오염을 방지할 수 있는 친환경적인 공장설비 즉, 유해물질을 배출하지 않는 공장설비를 구축할 수 있다.As described above, the present invention can improve the water quality of the discharged wastewater by supplying the wastewater to the wastewater, which reacts with heavy metals to form precipitates of metal sulfur compounds. By utilizing waste water treatment, that is, water purification, it is possible to reduce the amount of waste gas discharged into the air to pollute the air, thereby reducing the operating cost and equipment cost of the waste gas purification device, and ultimately, the water and air Eco-friendly factory facilities that can prevent pollution, that is, factory facilities that do not emit harmful substances can be built.

이상에서 본 발명에 대하여 상세하게 설명하였지만 본 발명의 권리범위는 이에 한정되는 것은 아니고 다음의 청구범위에서 정의하고 있는 본 발명의 기본 개념을 이용한 당업자의 여러 변형 및 개량 형태 또한 본 발명의 권리범위에 속하는 것이다.Although the present invention has been described in detail above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements of those skilled in the art using the basic concepts of the present invention defined in the following claims are also included in the scope of the present invention. It belongs.

Claims (2)

공장으로부터 배출되고 중금속이 함유된 폐수를 집수하는 단계;
집수된 상기 폐수에 공장으로부터 배기되는 폐가스를 공급하는 단계;
상기 중금속과 상기 폐가스를 반응시켜 침전물을 형성하는 단계; 및
상기 침전물을 여과하고 여과된 상기 폐수를 방류시키는 단계를 포함하는 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법.
Collecting wastewater discharged from the factory and containing heavy metals;
Supplying waste gas exhausted from a factory to the collected waste water;
Reacting the heavy metal with the waste gas to form a precipitate; And
Filtering the precipitate and releasing the filtered wastewater.
제1항에 있어서,
상기 폐가스는 H2S, 또는 SOx 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 중금속을 함유한 폐수 처리방법.
The method of claim 1,
The waste gas is a waste water treatment method containing a heavy metal, characterized in that at least one of H 2 S, or SO x .
KR1020100131224A 2010-12-21 2010-12-21 Treatment method for wastewater including heavy metal KR20120069894A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170085482A (en) * 2014-11-13 2017-07-24 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 Negative electrode composition for electric storage device, negative electrode including the composition, electric storage device, and method for producing negative electrode for electric storage device
KR102593100B1 (en) 2022-07-14 2023-10-25 한국지질자원연구원 Method and system for removing heavy metals in wastewater using calcium source obtained from municipal waste
KR20240009866A (en) 2022-07-14 2024-01-23 한국지질자원연구원 Method for manufacturing aragonite from municipal waste and method for removing heavy metals in wastewater using the aragonite

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170085482A (en) * 2014-11-13 2017-07-24 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 Negative electrode composition for electric storage device, negative electrode including the composition, electric storage device, and method for producing negative electrode for electric storage device
KR102593100B1 (en) 2022-07-14 2023-10-25 한국지질자원연구원 Method and system for removing heavy metals in wastewater using calcium source obtained from municipal waste
KR20240009866A (en) 2022-07-14 2024-01-23 한국지질자원연구원 Method for manufacturing aragonite from municipal waste and method for removing heavy metals in wastewater using the aragonite

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