KR20120033940A - Vertical axis wind power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A vertical axis wind power generator is provided to obtain the excellent generating efficiency in the environment in which the mood of wind speed is not uniform like a mountainous area, a seaside area and a downtown area. CONSTITUTION: A vertical axis wind power generator comprises a blade(200), an arm(400), a rotating shaft(310), and a generator(320). The blade raises the rotation from the wind energy. One end of the arm is connected to the blade and forms a turning radius of the blade. The arm comprises a variable arm body(410) and a variable arm(420). The other end of the variable arm body is connected to the rotating shaft. The length of the variable arm is increased or reduced in the direction of spinning of the rotating shaft by the centrifugal force from the rotation of the blade. The rotating shaft is connected to the other end of the arm. The generator is connected to one end of the rotating shaft.

Description

Vertical Axis Wind Power Units {VERTICAL AXIS WIND POWER GENERATOR}

The present invention relates to a wind turbine, and more particularly, to a vertical shaft wind turbine including a variable arm blade.

Wind power generation system is a device that generates electric power by using wind power, and it is divided into horizontal wind turbine and vertical wind turbine according to the installation direction of blades on the ground or support frame. Also known as propeller wind turbines.

Unlike the horizontal axis wind turbine, the vertical axis wind turbine does not need yaw control to follow the direction of the wind, but has a disadvantage in that energy conversion efficiency is lower than that of the horizontal axis wind turbine. Despite these shortcomings, the efficiency of horizontal axis wind turbines developed to be suitable for wide open seas and horizontal horizontal winds as the demand for small wind power has been expanded to mountainous and urban dwellings, rather than power plants with a favorable wind speed atmosphere. In recent years, research and development on vertical axis wind turbines have been actively conducted by developed countries in Europe for use in places where it is difficult to expect utilization rates.

In Korea, the market for small wind power is gradually expanding into the city center due to the recent government's active policy for the expansion and expansion of renewable energy facilities. Active research and development of vertical axis wind turbines that can increase the efficiency is required.

Vertical axis wind power generation system has a low speed Savonius type with a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 0.8 to 1.2 in wind speed and a lift type high speed with a TSR range of 3 to 7 It can be divided into Darius type. The Darius type may be classified into an H type Gyromill type and a spiral type.

Most of the above-mentioned vertical shaft wind turbines are manufactured to obtain optimum power generation efficiency and utilization rate at constant speed operation or rated speed operation. Therefore, good power generation efficiency and utilization rate are used at the time of starting or in an environment where the wind speed is intermittent or not very uniform. There is a problem that can not be obtained.

An object of the present invention is to increase the blade solidity value to meet the general requirements of vertical axis wind turbines which require high solidity values at initial start-up and low solidity values at high speeds. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vertical axis wind turbine generator having a structure that is variably corresponding to the characteristics of wind speeds.

According to an aspect of the present invention to solve the technical problem, the blade to induce rotation by receiving the energy of the wind; An arm having one end fixed to the blade and forming a radius of rotation of the blade; A rotating shaft coupled to the other end of the arm; And a generator coupled to one end of the rotating shaft. Here, the arm has a variable arm body having the other end coupled to the rotating shaft, and a variable arm whose length is reduced or extended in the radial direction of the rotating shaft at one end of the variable arm body according to the centrifugal force applied to the blade when the blade rotates. do.

In one embodiment, the variable body and the variable arm are pistons in which the oil in the variable body is coupled to the variable arm in response to a force attempting to diffuse into the outer shell of the blade generated by the centrifugal force that increases as the revolutions per unit time of the blade increase. It includes a hydraulic device for maintaining a constant pressure while passing through the flow path.

The variable arm body and the variable arm preferably have a downward gradient from the blade toward the central axis.

The variable female body may be provided with a first variable female body and a second variable female body, one end of which is respectively coupled to both ends of the rotating shaft spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the rotary shaft.

The vertical axis wind turbine generator may further include a vertical frame for connecting the other ends of the first and second variable female bodies.

In the vertical axis wind turbine according to an embodiment, the first variable female body includes (N + 1) 1_0 to 1_N variable female bodies installed to extend in the radial direction about the rotation axis, the second The variable female body may include (N + 1) a plurality of second_0 to second_N variable female bodies installed to extend in a radial direction about a rotation axis. Here, N may be a natural number of 1 or more and 8 or less.

In one embodiment, the vertical axis wind power generation device is a first horizontal frame for connecting the other ends of the plurality of first_0 to 1_N variable female body with each other, and connecting the other ends of the plurality of second_0 to 2_N variable female body with each other It further comprises a second horizontal frame.

Preferably, the first horizontal frame and the second horizontal frame each have a ring shape centered on a central axis.

In one embodiment, the vertical axis wind turbine is further provided with a top rotating bearing coupled to the other end of the rotary shaft.

In one embodiment, the vertical axis wind turbine is further provided with a top rotating frame for connecting the top rotating bearing and the other end of the variable arm body.

In one embodiment, the vertical axis wind turbine is further provided with a rotary hub coupled between the generator and the rotary shaft.

According to the present invention, the blade solidity value is increased by speed so that the requirements of the high solidity value required for initial start-up of the vertical axis wind turbine and the low solidity value required for high speed rotation are satisfied. By providing a structure that is variably corresponding to wind characteristics, the power generation efficiency and utilization rate of the vertical axis wind turbine generator can be greatly improved.

In addition, it is possible to provide a vertical axis wind turbine generator that can obtain excellent power generation efficiency and utilization even in a very uneven or intermittent environment, such as mountainous or coastal residential or urban centers.

1 is a front view of a vertical axis wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the vertical axis wind turbine generator of FIG. 1 when stopped or initially started. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vertical axis wind turbine generator of FIG. 1 at rated or high speed operation. FIG.
4 is a partial perspective view of one embodiment of a structure that can be employed in the arm of the vertical axis wind turbine of FIG.
5A and 5B are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the operating principle of the arm Arm of FIG. 4.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

At present, the research and development of small vertical shaft turbines is active in many countries, including advanced Europe, where the wind power market is growing, but there are no outstanding products yet.

The basic theory of wind power generators has been applied to the vertical axis through a long period of research and development process on the horizontal axis, but as the development of the vertical axis wind power generators is gradually activated, the horizontal axis theory is applied without examination, and many trials and errors occur. Doing.

In general, wind turbine mechanical output is a function that is proportional to air density, blade flow area or rotor radius, power conversion factor or power factor (influence on dimensionless main speed ratio), and wind power. Represented by

The horizontal axis wind turbine is designed by a lift-type energy conversion program that is proportional to the trigonometry of the incoming wind speed because it is planned on the premise that a good wind atmosphere and wind quality are secured on a wide surface or offshore power plant. In the case of a power generation device, more detailed technical efforts are required to effectively cope with a very irregular wind speed atmosphere (low wind speed / intermittent) between a city and a mountain.

The lift type Darius type turbine is much higher than the drag type Savonius at the main speed ratio, that is, the ratio of the tip speed and the wind speed of the turbine blade.Solidity among the elements for generating the torque of the turbine is effective The ratio of area is considered as a factor in determining the initial cut-in and rated power, and these factors contribute to the shape and function of the mechanism that can increase the output of the wind turbine. It is working as an important factor.

In recent years, the direction of technological development of wind turbines through various element technologies shows how to increase the air density, study the shape of the blade (eg, change in chord length, airfoil design, twist), blade It is actively progressing through research on materials.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, unlike the above-described method, a small or micro capacity operating rate-upping vertical axis wind turbine capable of coping with a turbulent wind environment by variably moving a rotation radius displacement that affects various factors of the turbine during operation is provided. To provide.

1 is a schematic front view of a vertical axis wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 according to the present embodiment is fixed to one end of a variable arm 410 forming a radius of rotation of a blade 200, which is a structure for inducing rotation by receiving wind energy. One end is coupled to the central rotation axis 310 by a variable female body 420. The rotary shaft 310 is fixed to the generator 320, the rotational force is obtained while standing in the longitudinal direction, it is composed of an integrated system that obtains electrical energy by this rotational force.

The technical gist of the embodiment of the present invention is a component that connects the blade 200 and the rotary shaft 310 and variably shifts the length of the arm 400 that determines the radius of rotation. It is a specific example for the purpose and the technical idea should be understood broadly.

More specifically, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 according to the present embodiment includes a support frame 380, a generator 320, a rotation shaft 310, a variable arm body 410, a variable arm 420, and a blade 200. ).

The support frame 380 may have a pillar shape.

The generator 320 is coupled to one side of the support frame 380.

The rotary shaft 310 is installed coupled to the generator 320. For example, the rotating shaft 310 may be coupled to the rotor of the generator 320.

The variable arm body 410 is shown in the form of a variable body (Body) coupled to the rotary shaft 310 in Figure 1, it is installed to extend in the radial direction from the rotary shaft (310). The variable arm body 410 includes a predetermined actuator, and is applied to at least one of the variable arm 420 and the blade 200 when the blade 200 rotates about the rotation axis 310. The variable arm 420 supports the reciprocating motion so that the length of the variable arm 420 extends or contracts outward from the variable arm body 410 in proportion to the centrifugal force.

In one embodiment the variable female body 410 may be implemented with a hydraulic device. For example, the variable arm body 410 is a flow path of the inner piston in response to the force which tries to diffuse outward of the centrifugal force applied to the variable arm 420 as the rotational speed of the blade 200 increases (460 in FIG. 4). It can be implemented as a device configured to maintain a constant pressure while passing through).

Here, the flow path of the inner piston is a passage through which the oil moves between the left and right chambers in the hydraulic system. In the hydraulic system, for example, when the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder is installed divided into the left chamber and the right chamber, the hydraulic oil (see 470 of FIG. 4) is filled therein and follows the type of the general hydraulic system.

By using the variable arm body 410 described above, the phenomenon that the blade 200 is pushed in the direction of the rotation axis 310 in the region of about 0 ° in front of the water surface due to the drag of infinite wind speed at the initial maneuvering is prevented. At around 90 ° and around 280 °, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon of trying to escape to the outer shell at the point where the centrifugal force is not generated by the normal rotational force.

The variable arm 420 is installed to extend in a radial direction from one end of the variable arm body 410. The variable arm body 410 and the variable arm 420 are installed to form a downward gradient from the blade 200 to the center of rotation axis 310 in the longitudinal direction.

The blade 200 is coupled to one end of the variable arm 310. The blade 200 may have a wing structure or a shape having a symmetric cross-sectional structure or an asymmetric cross-sectional structure. In this embodiment, the blade 200 has three blades (see 200a, 200b, 200c in FIG. 2) arranged at 120 ° intervals about the rotation axis 310.

In the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 according to the present embodiment, the variable female body 410 is spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the rotary shaft 310 by a first variable female body coupled to the rotary shaft 310 (Fig. 2, 410a) and the second variable female body (see 410b of FIG. 2).

In addition, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 may further include a vertical frame 330 coupled to both ends of the first and second variable arm bodies 410a and 410b. Using the up-and-down vertical frame 330, the movement of the variable arm 420 can improve the mechanical structural stability by suppressing the generation of significant moments of inertia by the weight of the blade 200 and accompanying accessories.

In addition, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 is a first variable arm body of one embodiment, a plurality of first_0 to 1_N variable arms installed to extend in the (N + 1) radial direction about the rotation axis 310 The second variable female body may include a plurality of second_0 to second N variable female bodies installed to extend in (N + 1) radial directions about the rotation axis 310. Here, N may be a natural number of 1 or more and 8 or less.

For example, the first variable female body may include a first_0 variable female body (see 410a of FIGS. 2 and 3), a first_1 variable female body (see 410c of FIG. 3), and a first_2 variable female body (FIGS. 2 and 3 of FIG. 410e), and the second variable female body is installed so as to face each other at a predetermined distance from the first variable female body in the longitudinal direction of the rotation shaft 310 (see 410b of FIGS. 2 and 3). ), A 2_1 variable female body (see 410d of FIG. 3), and a 2_2 variable female body (see 410f of FIGS. 2 and 3).

In the above-described case, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 includes a first horizontal frame (see 340a of FIG. 2) connecting one end of each of the plurality of first variable female bodies to each other, and each of the plurality of second variable female bodies. It may be further provided with a second horizontal frame (see 340b of FIG. 2) connecting one end to each other. Here, the first horizontal frame and the second horizontal frame may have a ring-shaped horizontal ring frame centered on the rotation axis 310. When the first and second horizontal frames 340a and 340b are used, vibration generated by the blade 200 may be suppressed.

In addition, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 may further include a top rotary bearing 350 coupled to one end of the rotary shaft. Using the top rotating bearing 350, the rotor of the generator 320 can be freely rotated. That is, in a typical small vertical shaft wind turbine, the central rotary shaft rotates with a restrainer such as a generator, but in the present embodiment, it is drawn in a vertical direction on an extension line of the stator shaft of the generator 320 and is the same structure as the support frame 380 on the ground. It may have a structure that freely rotates the rotor of the rotor chain turbine and the generator 320 fastened to the extension line of the turbine.

When the top rotary bearing 350 is employed, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 may further include a top rotary frame 360 having both ends coupled to one end of the top rotary bearing 350 and the variable arm body 410. Can be. By using the top rotating frame 360, it is possible to prevent sagging of the arm 400 and to smoothly transmit the rotational force of the blade 200 to the top rotating bearing 350.

In addition, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 100 may further include a rotation hub 370 installed between the generator 320 and the rotary shaft 310. In FIG. 1, since the rotating hub 370 is located at the lower side of the rotating shaft 310, the rotating hub 370 may be referred to as a bottom rotating hub. By using the rotary hub 370 having a diameter larger than the diameter of the rotary shaft 310, it is possible to improve the stability to the rotation of the rotary shaft 310 while firmly supporting the rotary shaft 310 on one side of the generator 320. .

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the vertical axis wind turbine generator of FIG. 1 when stopped or initially started. FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vertical axis wind turbine generator of FIG. 1 at rated operation. FIG.

1 to 3, the arm 400 has a downward gradient in the direction of the rotation axis 310 of the center at the blade 200 side, and one end of the outer variable arm 420 has a double structure in a double structure. It is configured to interpolate in the female body 410, and is installed to maintain a specific stroke by such a configuration.

therefore. At the time when there is no intake wind and no rotation occurs, as shown in FIG. 2, the length or the radius of rotation of the variable arm 420 may be minimized to facilitate starting of the device in the maximum solidity state.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the inlet wind is moved to a low solidity while gradually moving up as an energy source, thereby enabling high speed rotation of the wind turbine.

Thus, the vertical axis wind turbine generator at the time of rotation start and rated rotation by varying the length of the arm (400) connecting the central rotating shaft 310 and the blade 200, regardless of the type or form of the vertical blade (200) It is possible to control the moment of rotation inertia (Moment of Inertia in Rotation Motion) formed in.

The energy required at startup is expressed by the following equations (1) to (5).

[Equation 1]

E = 1/2 × m × v²

[Equation 2]

v = rw

&Quot; (3) "

E = 1/2 × m × r² × w²

&Quot; (4) "

I = m × r²

[Equation 5]

E = 1/2 × I × w²

As can be seen from the above equations 1 to 5, the rotational moment of inertia (I) is proportional to the mass (m) of the rotor, proportional to the square of the radius of rotation (r), the required energy (E) is the moment of inertia Proportional to (I). In the above equations, v represents velocity and w represents angular velocity.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, in the vertical axis wind power generation device, the starting condition is given a condition that can be easily started with a small energy by minimizing the inertia not to rotate by minimizing the turning radius. When the rotation is started, the centrifugal force is applied to increase the length of the arm 400 within the predetermined stroke, thereby smoothly moving up to the desired main speed ratio. In addition, the inertia obtained as the rated operation proceeds can act as an inertia not to stop, thereby significantly improving the operation rate of the system.

4 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of a structure that can be employed in the arm of the vertical wind turbine of FIG. 1. 5a and 5b are schematic cross-sectional views for explaining the operating principle of the arm of FIG.

Referring to FIG. 4, the arm 400 according to the present embodiment includes a variable arm body 410, a variable arm 420, an end cap 430, a piston 440, a piston ring 450, and a bypass hole. 460 is provided.

The variable female body 410 has a hollow pipe or cylinder shape. One end of the variable female body 410 is coupled to the rotating shaft, the other end is blocked by the end cap (430). The hydraulic oil 470 is filled in the internal space of the variable arm body 410.

The variable arm 420 has a rod or pipe shape. One end of the variable arm 420 is coupled to the blade, the other end is inserted into the variable arm body 410 through the end cap 430. The other end of the variable arm 420 is coupled to the piston 440.

The piston 440 is installed with a predetermined thickness in the middle of the variable female body 410 so as to divide the internal space of the variable female body 410 into two variable spaces. The piston 440 has a bypass hole 460 which is installed to penetrate the piston itself in the thickness direction thereof.

The piston ring 450 is installed between the outer surface in the thickness direction of the piston 440 and the variable arm body 410. The piston ring 450 is hermetically tightly coupled between the piston 440 and the inner wall surface of the variable arm body 410 so that the hydraulic oil 470 filled in one inner space of the variable arm body 410 is variable with the piston 440. It blocks the flow to the other inner space through the inner wall surface of the female body 410.

The bypass hole 460 is a channel or flow path that allows fluid to flow between the two inner spaces of the variable arm body 410 divided by the piston 440. The bypass hole 460, when the pressure of the two inner spaces of the variable arm body 410 changes with the movement of the piston 440, the hydraulic oil 470 filled in one inner space of high pressure to the other inner space It works to flow.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the blade of the vertical axis wind turbine (see 100 in FIG. 1) is rotated close to the rated speed, the variable arm 420 is a centrifugal force (F1) applied to the variable arm and the blade. Extends from the variable arm body 410 and length increases. At this time, the hydraulic oil 470 filled in the first internal space 412 of the variable arm body 410 according to the displacement of the piston 440 coupled to the variable arm 420 is a variable arm through the bypass hole 460. Move to the second interior space 414 of the body 410.

The moving speed of the variable arm 410 may be adjusted by adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic oil compressed in the first internal space by the displacement of the piston 440 and the cross-sectional area or the average cross-sectional area of the bypass hole 460.

In addition, since the variable arm body 410 and the variable arm 420 of the present embodiment has a downward gradient structure in the direction of the rotation axis from the blade, when the variable arm of the vertical axis wind turbine is extended or expanded to the maximum, the centrifugal force is weakened. As shown in FIG. 5B, the piston 440 is gradually lowered in the rotational axis direction by the weight of the blade (see 200 in FIG. 1) and the weight of the variable arm 420 connected to the blade. At this time, the hydraulic oil 470 filled in the second internal space 414 by gravity or some corresponding component F2 of gravity applied to the blade and the variable arm is passed through the bypass hole 460 in the first internal space 412. ), Whereby the variable arm 420 recovers or contracts.

In the present embodiment, for convenience of description, a two-stage structure in which the variable arm is inserted into the variable arm body is mentioned, but the present invention is not limited to such a structure. For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first variable arm may be interpolated to the variable arm body, and the first variable arm may be configured to include a second variable arm interpolated into the first variable arm.

According to the structure of the arm 400 of the present embodiment, the arm length of the vertical axis wind turbine generator can be automatically changed by using centrifugal force and gravity applied to the blade and the variable arm without the help of an external power source or an external force. In other words, when the wind turbine is not operating for a long time, the length of the arm can be reduced to improve maneuverability, and the rotational radius of the blade is more than doubled by extending the length of the arm as the centrifugal force increases due to the increase in rotational force. As a result, the moment of inertia of the blade can be increased by four times or more, thereby greatly improving the performance and utilization of the device.

According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, when comparing a turbine (fixed turbine) having a fixed arm structure in the form of any one of FIGS. 2 and 3 and a turbine (active turbine) having a variable arm structure of the present embodiment. Under certain turbulent wind conditions (e.g., a wind speed atmosphere reflecting low wind speed and intermittent wind), the efficiency and the operation rate of the turbine according to the embodiment of the present invention, that is, the vertical wind turbine, will be superior to the fixed turbine according to the comparative example. No more explanation is needed.

In the above, the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains have various modifications and variations from this description. It will be possible. Therefore, the present invention should be construed with reference to the overall description of the appended claims and drawings, and all equivalent or equivalent modifications thereof will belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

A blade for inducing rotation by receiving wind energy;
An arm having one end fixed to the blade and forming a radius of rotation of the blade;
A rotating shaft coupled to the other end of the arm; And
A generator coupled to one end of the rotating shaft,
The arm has a variable arm body, the other end of which is coupled to the rotation axis, and its length is reduced or extended in the radial direction of the rotation axis from one end of the variable arm body according to the centrifugal force applied to the blade when the blade rotates. Vertical axis wind turbine generator having a variable arm.
The method of claim 1,
The variable arm body and the variable arm, while the oil in the variable body body passes through the flow path of the piston in response to a force that tries to diffuse to the outer shell of the blade generated by the centrifugal force that increases as the rotational speed per unit time of the blade increases Vertical axis wind turbine including a hydraulic system to maintain a constant pressure.
The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The variable arm body and the variable arm is a vertical axis wind turbine generator having a downward slope in the direction of the central axis in the blade.
The method of claim 1,
The variable arm body is a vertical axis wind power generation device having a first variable female body and a second variable female body, one end of which is respectively coupled to both ends of the rotary shaft spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the rotary shaft.
The method of claim 4, wherein
Vertical wind turbine further comprises a vertical frame for connecting the other ends of the first and second variable female body.
The method according to claim 4 or 5,
The first variable female body includes (N + 1) first to first _N variable female bodies which are installed to extend in a radial direction about the rotation axis, wherein N is a natural number of 1 to 8 ;
The second variable female body is a vertical axis wind power generation device including a plurality of (N + 1) second 0 to 2_N variable female body is installed to extend in the radial direction about the rotation axis.
The method of claim 6,
Further comprising a first horizontal frame for connecting the other ends of the plurality of first_0 to 1_N variable female body with each other, and a second horizontal frame for connecting the other ends of the plurality of second_0 to 2_N variable female body with each other Vertical axis wind turbines.
The method of claim 7, wherein
Each of the first horizontal frame and the second horizontal frame has a ring shape centering on the central axis.
The method of claim 1,
Vertical wind turbine further comprises a top rotating bearing coupled to the other end of the rotary shaft.
10. The method of claim 9,
Vertical wind turbine further comprises a top rotating frame for connecting the top rotating bearing and the other end of the variable arm body.
The method of claim 1,
Vertical wind turbine further comprises a rotation hub coupled between the generator and the rotary shaft.

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