KR20110099614A - Method for measuring foul smell and system for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Odor measurement method and odor measurement system are disclosed. Odor measurement method includes the steps of obtaining a calibration equation representing the relationship between the output value of the reference sensor and the odor of the individual environment; Injecting a reference material into the odor measuring device including a plurality of odor sensors, and measuring output values of the respective odor sensors; A reference value calculation step of obtaining a ratio of an output value of the reference material of the reference sensor to an output value of the individual odor sensor; And calculating the output value of the odor sensor in the individual environment, the ratio obtained in the reference value calculation step, and the degree of odor using the calibration equation. Therefore, the calibration equation and the reference value of the environmental measurement device can be easily changed to the information that most closely matches the odor component of the site, there is an advantage that the pollutants can be measured more accurately and easily on the site.

Description

Odor measurement method and odor measurement system {METHOD FOR MEASURING FOUL SMELL AND SYSTEM FOR THE SAME}

The present invention relates to a odor measurement method and odor measurement system, and relates to a method and system for measuring the degree of odor in an environment where odor occurs, such as industrial complex, wastewater treatment plant.

In modern society, as environmental pollution sources are increased due to continuous industrialization and urbanization, continuous research on environmental technology and continuous investment in environmental industry market are being made.

Environmental measurement device is a device for measuring the emission of environmental pollutants in the chimneys of factories that discharge pollutants, and a device for measuring the degree of pollution from the discharged waste water installed in the flow paths for wastewater discharge (BOD, COD, cyan) Sensor) to measure the level of contaminants.

Odor measurement device refers to a device for measuring the degree of odor causing an unpleasant odor among human environmental measurement device. Such a malodor measuring device is in an unsuitable position because an administrator can reside there. That is, by being installed in a chimney of a factory, a wastewater channel, etc., in order to maintain and maintain these sensors, it was necessary to regularly visit the place installed in the odor measuring apparatus, and to check the abnormality of a sensor. Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the sensor, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to find immediately, the situation that needs to be improved. In addition, some measurement devices are carried by the user to carry out the measurement. However, even at this time, when there is an abnormality of the measuring device, there is a problem that it is difficult for the user to accurately determine the degree of abnormality such as whether the sensor of the measuring device needs to be replaced or whether the sensor is sufficiently corrected.

Gas sensors are used to measure odors. The gas sensor may be classified into a sensor having a definite selectivity for individual components and a sensor responding to various components at the same time. Clearly selectable sensors are all complete with a single calibration at the time of manufacture / sale, and only after the sale are required the condition and calibration of the sensor. However, in the case of using a sensor with a definite selectivity, there is a disadvantage that a separate sensor must be used for each environment (factory, wastewater treatment plant, etc.).

Sensors that react simultaneously to various components can be used in a variety of sites, but measurement values for individual chemical components are different, which requires calibration to be applied to various sites. In particular, in order to measure the odor of the site mainly composed of complex components and calculate the compound odor concentration, calibration information most suitable for the gas sample of the site must be secured in advance. In addition, since all the sensors produced by the manufacturer show different measurement values for the gas of the same concentration level, there is a lot of difficulty in representing the absolute concentration at the manufacturing stage. Therefore, existing sensor manufacturers manufacture / sell at relative levels. However, the market demands a result that the output by the sensor corresponds to an absolute value, and a new breakthrough is required.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a odor measurement method and odor measurement system capable of more accurately measuring various odor components in various field environments through simple correction.

The present invention to achieve the above technical problem, the step of obtaining a calibration equation representing the relationship between the output value of the reference sensor and the odor of the individual environment; Injecting a reference material into the odor measuring device including a plurality of odor sensors, and measuring output values of the respective odor sensors; A reference value calculation step of obtaining a ratio of an output value of the reference material of the reference sensor to an output value of the individual odor sensor; Calculating an output value of the odor sensor for the odor in the individual environment, a ratio obtained in the reference value calculation step, and a degree of odor using the calibration equation; and providing a odor measurement method comprising the do.

After the odorless air is put into the odor measuring device, the step of measuring the output value of the odor sensor to determine whether the individual operation of the odor sensor; preferably further comprises a.

On the other hand, the present invention is a odor sensor; A gas injection device for supplying gas to the odor sensor; Odorless air input device for supplying odorless air to the odor sensor; A gas amount measuring unit which calculates an amount of gas detached from the malodor sensor from the measured value measured by the malodor sensor; A reference value setting unit for setting a reference value which is a ratio of the output value of the reference sensor to the reference gas and the output value of the odor sensor; A calibration type storage unit for storing a calibration equation representing a relationship between an output value of the reference sensor and an odor of an individual environment; A concentration calculating unit calculating a concentration of the malodor from the gas amount calculated from the gas amount measuring unit, the reference value, and the calibration equation; A calibration formula setting unit for setting a calibration formula of the odor measuring apparatus using a calibration formula stored in a calibration formula storage unit; It includes, The calibration storage unit, for each measurement environment provides an odor measurement system, characterized in that it comprises the data of the correlation between the output value and the concentration of the reference sensor.

The gas amount measuring unit calculates the amount of gas adsorbed and desorbed from the area value A obtained by integrating the area of the change rate S after calculating the change rate S of the measured value with respect to time.

According to the problem solving means of the present invention as described above, the following effects can be expected.

The odor measuring method and odor measuring system of the present invention can not only remotely monitor the environmental measuring device but also easily change the calibration formula and reference value of the environmental measuring device, so that pollutants can be measured more accurately and easily in the field. The advantage is that you can.

In particular, when the system is moved to a place where odor components are completely different from the existing measurement specification, the user can easily access the server and change the calibration information.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a odor measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
2 is a conceptual diagram of the odor measuring apparatus of FIG.
3 is a block diagram of the server of FIG.
4 is a sensor sensor installed on the vertical flow path of FIG. 2 and a sensor chromatogram graph thereof;
FIG. 5 is a sensor sensor installed on the horizontal flow path of FIG. 2 and a sensor chromatogram graph thereof; FIG.
6 is a graph of output versus time of the sensor of FIG.
7 is a sensor chromatogram graph of FIG.
8 is a graph illustrating integrating the sensor chromatogram graph of FIG. 6.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a malodor measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the malodor measuring apparatus of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the server of FIG. 1.

The malodor measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a malodor measuring apparatus 10 for directly measuring malodor in the field, a server 1000 for controlling or managing the malodor, and an administrator terminal 2000 capable of remotely accessing the server. do. The manager terminal 2000 may be separately configured as shown in FIG. 1 or may be integrally formed with a server. The server 1000 and the odor measuring apparatus 10 may be connected by various communication means (wired, wireless, etc.), and the method of the communication means is not a feature of the present invention.

The odor measuring device 10 supplies odor sensors to the odor sensors 131 to 139, the gas injection device 100 to supply gas to the odor sensors 131 to 139, and the odor sensors 131 to 139. The odorless air input device 200 and the gas amount measurement unit 300 for calculating the amount of gas attached to the odor sensors 131 to 139 from the measured values measured by the odor sensors 131 to 139, and The concentration calculation part 400 which calculates the density | concentration of the odor from the calibration amount which shows the correlation of the gas amount computed from the gas amount measurement part 300, the reference value of the odor sensors 131-139, and the gas amount and concentration, and said It includes a odorless air check unit 500 for determining the abnormality of the odorless air input device 200.

The odorless air input device 200 includes an activated carbon filter 210 installed on the air flow path 220 to deodorize the atmospheric air that is sucked in. Therefore, the smell of atmospheric air can be removed. In addition, the odorless air input device 200 may be configured as a separate tank to directly supply odorless air. However, in this case, there is a problem in that the cost increases in use.

The gas injector 100 includes a dust filter 110 that filters dust from the gas and a water removal device 120 that filters moisture from the gas. The dust filter 110 includes a first dust filter 111 and a second dust filter 112 installed before and after the water removing device 120. The water treated by the water removing device 120 is discharged to the outside air by the solenoid valve.

The odor sensor 130 includes a plurality of odor sensors 131 to 139 arranged in an array. The odor sensor 131 to 139 may be a semiconductor gas sensor, an electrochemical sensor, an optical sensor, or the like. The malodor sensor 130 is disposed at the point where the flow path 101 is folded, as shown in FIG. 2, so that the sensing surface 132a of the sensor is positioned perpendicular to the flow of the fluid. As shown in FIG. 3, the odor sensor 130 exhibits a higher sensing efficiency when the malodor sensor 130 is disposed perpendicular to the flow of the fluid, as shown in FIG. 2. This can be confirmed by the graphs of FIGS. 2 and 3.

The valve 103 is installed at a point where the uncontaminated air flows in with the flow path 220 and the contaminated air flows through the flow path 104 to selectively inject air. Therefore, after measuring the contaminated air, clean air is put in, thereby cleaning and stabilizing the sensor, maintaining the measurement accuracy of the sensor, and increasing the life of the sensor.

The flow rate meter 150 capable of measuring the flow rate is provided on the flow path 104 or the flow path 101 of the odor sensor 130 through which the polluted air flows.

The gas amount measuring unit 300 calculates the change rate S of the measured value with respect to time, and then calculates an area value A obtained by integrating the area of the change rate S, and calculates the amount of gas adsorbed and desorbed. . A detailed description thereof will be described later.

The concentration calculating unit 400 extracts the concentration of the measurement gas from a calibration formula (characteristic relational expression) of the adsorption amount and the concentration of the measurement gas. The calibration formula measures the adsorption amount on a plurality of measurement gas samples, and is obtained by a regression analysis method between the adsorption amount and the concentration of the gas sample. Detailed description thereof will also be described later.

The odorless air checking unit 500 checks whether or not the output value of the odor sensors 131 to 139 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value after the odorless air is input from the odorless air input device 200. That is, even if the odorless air is injected, if the output value is above a certain value, it may be determined that the activated carbon filter of the odorless air input device 200 is contaminated or the sensor is contaminated. The setting value may be different for each manufacturer of the odor sensors 131 to 139. In general, the set value may be regarded as normal when it is within 1.0 ± 0.5 V, but it is determined to be malfunctioning when it is out of this range. In this way, the value measured by the odorless air check unit 500 is transmitted to the server 1000, and if the administrator notifies the replacement of the activated carbon filter, or if it is confirmed that there is a malfunction even if the activated carbon filter is replaced, the replacement of the sensor is notified. Done.

The server 1000 stores a calibration value storing a reference value setting unit 1100 for remotely setting the reference value of the odor measuring device 10 and a calibration equation indicating a relationship between the output value of the reference sensor and the odor of an individual environment. And a calibration formula setting unit 1300 for setting a calibration formula of the odor measuring device using the calibration formula stored in the calibration unit storage unit 1200.

The reference value setting unit 1100 sets a reference value, which is a ratio of the output value of the reference sensor to the reference gas and the output values of the odor sensors 131 to 139, to the odor measuring device. That is, after receiving the output values of the odor sensors 131 to 139 after inputting the reference gas to the gas injection device 100, the output values of the odor sensors 131 to 139 and the reference sensor for the reference gas Is to set the ratio of the output value of.

Reference gas refers to a substance having a predetermined concentration, but there is no limitation in kind, but butanol was used in the examples of the present invention. In order to actually apply this, it is manufactured in the form of a capsule containing a separate reference gas and connected to the gas injection device 100, and then input it.

The reference value refers to the process of matching the output value of the sensor to all sensors equally, and this applies differently for each type of sensor.

The operation of the reference value setting unit 1100 operates at the time of shipment or after a predetermined time (for example, one month), thereby correcting the reference value of the sensor.

For example, when the output value of the reference gas is 100 in the ideal first odor sensor 131 (the reference sensor of the first odor sensor) and the output value 90 of the first odor sensor 131 actually shipped, the reference value is 1.11. do. In this way, the reference values for all the odor sensors 131 to 139 are set by the reference value setting unit 1100.

The calibration storage unit 1200, after inputting different concentrations for each component to obtain the output value of the sensor, the relational expression using the regression analysis method of the output value of the sensor (output value of the gas amount measurement unit in the present invention) and the concentration This is the part you saved. In this way, the relational expressions for the various components and the components of the malodorous gas in the individual measurement environment are examined to construct a database to prepare a calibration formula.

The calibration formula setting unit 1300 reads the calibration formula corresponding to the environment from the calibration formula setting unit 1300 according to a user's request, and sets it in the odor measuring apparatus 10.

The gas amount measuring unit 300 performs a method for measuring the gas amount as follows. Method for measuring the amount of gas after the measurement gas is injected into the gas sensor 130, the output voltage (VL) of both ends of the load resistor 140 is connected in series with the gas sensor 130 or the internal resistance of the gas sensor ( Hereinafter, the output voltage and the internal resistance value are collectively referred to as a 'measurement value', and are measured during a time period during which the measurement gas is injected to obtain an output graph over time (FIG. 6), and from the output graph over time, Computing the amount of adsorption of the gas (Figs. 7 and 8).

The step of calculating the adsorption amount of the gas includes calculating a rate of change of the measured value with respect to time (FIG. 7), and calculating an area value obtained by integrating the area of the rate of change (FIG. 8).

The step of calculating the variation ratio of the output voltage with respect to time is to calculate the slope of the output voltage graph (Fig. 6) with respect to time, and is expressed as a graph with time as shown in FIG.

The step of calculating the area value is a value obtained by integrating the area in the graph of FIG. 7. The method calculated as in FIG. 8 is called a sensor chromatogram area extraction method.

Tables below show the values of hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) of various concentrations measured by a conventional voltage comparison method and the value measured by the sensor chromatogram area extraction method of the present invention.

Target gas : H ₂ S  One ppm Sensor Model: MICS  5521 (manufacturer E2V , Swiss) Base (Vair) Max (Vgas) Vgas / Vair Sout area 1st 1.57 2.10 1.34 50.4 2nd 1.59 2.09 1.31 49.6 3rd 1.62 2.08 1.28 50.5 Average 1.59 2.09 1.31 50.17 Standard Deviation (S.D) 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.49 Relative standard deviation (% RSD) 1.58 0.48 2.05 0.98

In the table above, Vair is the sensor's output voltage when exposed to odorless air, Vgas is the sensor's output voltage when exposed to the target gas, and Sout_area is the value extracted by the sensor chromatogram area extraction method.

Target gas : H ₂ S  5 ppm Sensor Model: MICS  5521 (manufacturer E2V , Swiss) Base (Vair) Max (Vgas) Vgas / Vair Sout area 1st 1.53 2.69 1.76 103.9 2nd 1.60 2.55 1.59 106.7 3rd 1.65 2.41 1.46 103.0 Average 1.59 2.55 1.60 104.53 Standard Deviation (S.D) 0.06 0.14 0.15 1.93 Relative standard deviation (% RSD) 3.78 5.49 9.29 1.85

Target gas : H ₂ S  10 ppm Sensor Model: MICS  5521 (manufacturer E2V , Swiss) Base ( Vair ) Max ( Vgas ) Vgas Of Vair Sout Area One st 1.54 2.81 1.82 133.8 2nd 1.67 2.71 1.62 129.8 3rd 1.76 2.67 1.52 129.4 Average 1.66 2.73 1.65 131.00 Standard Deviation (S.D) 0.11 0.07 0.16 2.43 Relative standard deviation (% RSD) 6.68 2.64 9.45 1.86

Target gas : H ₂ S  One ppm Sensor Model: TGS  2602 (Manufacturer Figaro Technology Research Institute, Japan) Base ( Vair ) Max ( Vgas ) Vgas Of Vair Sout Area One st 1.42 2.19 1.54 65.2 2nd 1.44 2.10 1.46 68.4 3rd 1.44 2.07 1.44 64.1 Average 1.43 2.12 1.48 65.90 Standard Deviation (S.D) 0.01 0.06 0.06 2.23 Relative standard deviation (% RSD) 0.81 2.95 3.75 3.39

Target gas : H ₂ S  5 ppm Sensor Model: TGS2602 (Manufacturer Figaro Research Institute, Japan) Base ( Vair ) Max ( Vgas ) Vgas Of Vair Sout Area One st 1.43 2.95 2.06 152.7 2nd 1.48 2.94 1.99 150.5 3rd 1.59 2.92 1.84 144.4 Average 1.50 2.94 1.96 149.20 Standard Deviation (S.D) 0.08 0.02 0.12 4.30 Relative standard deviation (% RSD) 5.46 0.52 5.87 2.88

Target gas : H ₂ S  10 ppm Sensor Model: TGS2602 (Manufacturer Figaro Research Institute, Japan) Base ( Vair ) Max ( Vgas ) Vgas Of Vair Sout Area One st 1.55 3.48 2.25 206.9 2nd 1.65 3.55 2.15 204.6 3rd 1.76 3.40 1.93 201.7 Average 1.65 3.48 2.11 204.40 Standard Deviation (S.D) 0.11 0.08 0.16 2.61 Relative standard deviation (% RSD) 6.35 2.16 7.62 1.27

As can be seen from the results of Tables 1 to 6, the conventional voltage measurement method can be seen that the variation of the initial Vair value occurs as the number of measurements is repeated, and the occurrence of deviation increases as the concentration of the measurement gas increases. .

On the other hand, the sensor chromatogram area extraction method has the advantage of excellent reproducibility by showing the characteristics of the low relative standard deviation even if the concentration increases and the number of repetitions increases.

The concentration calculating unit 400 extracts the concentration of the malodorous gas by substituting the calibration value into a value obtained by multiplying the product of the gas amount calculated by the gas amount measuring unit 300 and the reference value set by the server 1000.

Odor measurement method for measuring the odor by using the odor measurement system as described above comprises the steps of obtaining a calibration equation indicating the relationship between the output value of the reference sensor and the odor of the individual environment, and comprises a plurality of odor sensors (131 ~ 139) Injecting a reference material into the odor measuring device, measuring the output value of each of the odor sensor (131 ~ 139), the output value for the reference material of the reference sensor and the output value of the individual odor sensor (131 ~ 139) Calculating a odor level using a reference value calculating step for calculating a ratio of the ratio, an output value of the odor sensors 131 to 139 for the odor in the individual environment, a ratio obtained in the reference value calculating step, and the calibration equation. And the step of determining whether the individual odor sensors 131 to 139 are normally operated by measuring the output value of the odor sensors 131 to 139 after introducing odorless air into the odor measuring device. The.

The detailed description of each step overlaps with the description of the structure and operation of the odor measuring system and thus the detailed description is omitted.

Odor measurement device 10 may include a variety of sensors. That is, it may include a variety of sensors, such as semiconductor gas sensor, electrochemical gas sensor and photoionized gas sensor. The sensor responds to the material to be measured and outputs the reacted value as an electrical signal, and the environmental measuring device substitutes the electrical signal into a calibration equation to measure the amount of pollutant to be measured.

However, the electrical characteristics of the sensors change due to various environmental factors such as time and the degree of exposure to pollutants. In the case of applying a single calibration parameter to a sensor whose characteristics have changed, an inaccurate measurement value is measured. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the state of the sensor and to properly correct it.

If the user determines that there is a problem with the measuring device, connect to the server with the maintenance program. After connecting to the server, check the abnormality of the measuring device according to the specified procedure. It is divided into sensor calibration step and calibration change step.

One). Sensor calibration

First, the odorless air check unit 500 of the user measuring device checks the presence or absence of each sensor and transmits the result to the server. If there is an abnormality, the activated carbon 210 is replaced, and if there is an error by checking the presence or absence of each sensor again, the sensor 130 is replaced.

In addition, there is an error in the measured value of the sensor, or check the reference value at specific time intervals. The reference value is a numerical value of the degree to which the sensor reacts when the reference substance (eg, butanol) is reacted. Information about the reference value is recorded in the server and automatically corrected by the reference value setting unit 1100 to match the sensor state of the current measuring device.

2). Calibration formula change

When the measurement environment changes or the calibration method is required for the measuring device due to various reasons, the calibration environment is changed through the calibration storage unit 1200 and the calibration setup unit 1300.

As described above, the malodor measuring system according to the embodiment of the present invention can transmit the calibration equation required for each environment from the server to the measuring device, and thus, there is an advantage in that the absolute value of the malodor can be expressed through simple correction of the malodor of various environments. .

In addition, by using the reference value, there is an advantage that it is possible to eliminate the need to calibrate each sensor for each environment.

130, 131 ~ 139: Odor sensor 100: Gas injection device
200: odorless air input device 300: gas amount measuring unit
1100: reference value setting unit 1200: calibration storage unit
400: concentration calculator 1300: calibration setting unit
210: activated carbon filter 500: odorless air confirmation unit
103: valve 110: dust filter
120: water removal device 10: odor measuring device
1000: server

Claims (11)

Obtaining a calibration equation indicating a relationship between the output value of the reference sensor and the odor of the individual environment;
Injecting a reference material into the odor measuring device including a plurality of odor sensors, and measuring output values of the respective odor sensors;
A reference value calculation step of obtaining a ratio of an output value of the reference material of the reference sensor to an output value of the individual odor sensor;
Calculating the degree of odor using the output value of the odor sensor in the individual environment, the ratio obtained in the reference value calculating step, and the calibration equation;
Odor measurement method comprising a.
The method of claim 1,
Injecting odorless air into the odor measuring device, and then determining whether the individual odor sensor is normally operated by measuring an output value of the odor sensor;
Odor measurement method characterized in that it further comprises.
Odor sensor;
A gas injection device for supplying gas to the odor sensor;
Odorless air input device for supplying odorless air to the odor sensor;
A gas amount measuring unit which calculates an amount of gas detached from the malodor sensor from the measured value measured by the malodor sensor;
A reference value setting unit for setting a reference value which is a ratio of the output value of the reference sensor to the reference gas and the output value of the odor sensor;
A calibration type storage unit for storing a calibration equation representing a relationship between an output value of the reference sensor and an odor of an individual environment;
A concentration calculating unit calculating a concentration of the malodor from the gas amount calculated from the gas amount measuring unit, the reference value, and the calibration equation;
A calibration formula setting unit for setting a calibration formula of the odor measuring apparatus using a calibration formula stored in a calibration formula storage unit;
Including;
The calibration storage unit is odor measurement system, characterized in that for each measurement environment, the output value of the reference sensor and the data of the correlation between the concentration.
The method of claim 3, wherein
The odorless air input device,
An activated carbon filter installed on the air passage to deodorize the atmospheric air to be sucked;
Odor measurement system comprising a.
The method of claim 3, wherein
Odorless air confirmation unit for determining the abnormality of the odorless air input device;
Further comprising:
The odorless air confirmation unit,
After the odorless air input from the odorless air input device, the odor measurement system, characterized in that to determine whether the output value of the odor sensor is more than the set value.
6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
The gas inlet device is connected to the odorless air inlet device and the odor sensor, the valve for selecting the air supplied to the odor sensor;
Odor measurement system characterized in that it further comprises.
6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
The gas injector,
A dust filter for filtering dust from the gas; And
A water removal device for filtering water from the gas;
Odor measurement system comprising a.
6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
The gas amount measuring unit,
After calculating the rate of change (S) of the measured value over time,
Odor measurement system, characterized in that to obtain the amount of gas adsorbed and desorbed from the area value (A) of the area of the change rate (S).
Odor sensor, gas input device for supplying gas to the odor sensor, odorless air input device for supplying odorless air to the odor sensor, and the amount of gas attached to the odor sensor from the measured value measured by the odor sensor Odor including a gas amount measurement unit for calculating the concentration, and a concentration calculation unit for calculating the concentration of the odor from a calibration equation indicating a correlation between the gas amount calculated from the gas amount measurement unit, the reference value of the odor sensor, and the gas amount and the concentration Measuring device; And
A reference value setting unit for remotely setting a reference value of the odor measuring device, a calibration type storage unit for storing a calibration equation indicating a relationship between an output value of the reference sensor and an odor of an individual environment, and a calibration value stored in the calibration type storage unit A server including a calibration formula setting unit for setting a calibration formula of the odor measuring apparatus using an equation;
Odor measurement system comprising a.
The method of claim 9,
The reference value setting unit, after receiving the output value of the odor sensor after the input of the reference gas to the gas input device, characterized in that for setting the ratio of the output value of the odor sensor and the output value of the reference sensor to the reference gas Odor measurement system.
The method according to claim 9 or 10,
The gas amount measuring unit,
After calculating the rate of change (S) of the measured value over time,
The amount of gas adsorbed and desorbed from the area value A obtained by integrating the area of the variation rate S is obtained.

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