KR20110092882A - Warning system for falling of rocks - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A warning system for falling racks is provided to minimize damage caused by falling rocks by previously detecting the symptom of falling rocks. CONSTITUTION: A warning system for falling racks comprises a mesh, a wire net, a measurement unit(100), and an alarming unit. The top and sides of the mesh are fixed to a slope, and the bottom is opened. The top and sides of the wire net are fixed to the slope, and the bottom is opened. The wire net is formed by coupling multiple wires in a latticed shape. The measurement unit measures the displacement of the wire net. The alarming unit analyzes data collected from the measurement unit and generates an alarm when the analyzed data exceeds a set reference value.

Description

Rockfall warning system {WARNING SYSTEM FOR FALLING OF ROCKS}

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of civil metrology, and more particularly, to a system for warning in advance of the occurrence of a rockfall.

There is a high possibility of falling rocks due to fine earthquakes, heavy rains and landslides in slope sections formed in cut sections for the construction of roads and other structures.

1 illustrates a configuration of a conventional general rockfall prevention structure.

On the slope 1, a dense lattice mesh 10 made of a material such as a wire is installed, and a lattice-shaped wire mesh 20 is installed at a larger distance thereon, and these meshes 10 and the wire mesh 20 are installed. The four ends are each fixed to the ground by an anchor or the like.

An anchor 40 is again installed at the intersection of the lattice-shaped wire mesh 20 to fix the wire to the ground surface, and a protective measure 30 is installed at the bottom of the slope 1 to provide the mesh 10 and the wire mesh 20. Destroy them and prevent fallen stones from escaping to the outside.

However, such a conventional structure has the following problems.

Since rockfall generated on the slope is generated by a very large energy, it is possible to fundamentally prevent damage caused by rockfall by simply fixing the mesh 10, the wire mesh 20, etc. to the ground surface by the anchor 40. none.

Nevertheless, the conventional structure is limited to the behavior of a thin layer of the earth's surface, and thus, it is not possible to catch signs of the occurrence of falling rocks, and thus misses the timing of warning. The problem is that

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to present a rockfall warning system to minimize the damage caused by falling rocks by capturing and warning the signs of the occurrence of rockfall in advance.

In order to achieve the object as described above, the present invention, the upper and side portions are fixed to the slope (1), the net is installed to open the lower portion 10; An upper and side portions fixed to the slope 1 and installed on an outer surface of the mesh 10 to open the lower portion, and a wire mesh 20 formed by combining a plurality of wires in a lattice shape; Measuring means (100) installed to measure displacements occurring in the wire mesh (20) by falling rocks occurring on the slope (1); And analyzing the data collected by the measuring means 100, warning means 200 for warning when exceeding a set reference value.

The measuring means 100 may include an optical fiber sensing unit 110 mounted at a core wire position; And a plurality of side lines 120 mounted in a twisted structure around the optical fiber sensing unit 110, wherein the optical fiber wire 100a is provided, and the wire mesh 20 is formed by the optical fiber wire 100a. It is desirable to.

The optical fiber sensing unit 110 is an optical fiber 111; And an optical fiber protection part 112 mounted around an outer surface of the optical fiber 111 to behave together with the optical fiber 111.

The optical fiber protection part 112 preferably includes a core material 112a formed of a material that can be deformed by the pressure of the plurality of side lines 120 while also acting together with the plurality of side lines 120. .

The core material 112a is preferably formed of a synthetic resin material.

The core member 112a and the side line 120 are preferably formed to have a substantially circular cross section.

It is preferable that the diameter of the core member 112a is 1.2 to 1.3 times larger than the diameter of the side line 120.

The optical fiber protective part 112 is formed of a metallic material and includes a metallic protective material 112b mounted between the core member 112a and the optical fiber 111 to behave together with the optical fiber 111. It is preferable.

The metallic protective material 112b is preferably mounted as a braided structure by metal yarns.

Preferably, the optical fiber protection part 112 further includes a coating material 112c mounted between the core material 112a and the metallic protection material 112b to behave together with the metallic protection material 112b.

The measuring means 100 includes: a grip member 131 provided to grip a plurality of the optical fiber wires 100a forming an intersection of the wire meshes 20 by the optical fiber wires 100a; It is preferable to further include a grip device 130 having a; fixing portion 132 is fixed to the grip member 131.

The intersection is preferably formed by orthogonal to the two optical fiber wire (100a).

The fixing part 132 preferably includes a fixing plate 132a having a plate structure installed inside the intersection.

The grip device 130 preferably includes a U-shaped fixture 133 that fixes the grip member 131 to the fixing plate 132a.

The measuring means 100 includes a main body 141; A plurality of pulleys (142) having an elastic recovery structure and installed in the main body (141); A plurality of sensing lines 143 having one end mounted on the plurality of pulleys 142 and the other end mounted on the plurality of wires, respectively; It is preferable to include a tension change detecting device 140 having a; tension change sensing unit installed in the main body 141 to detect a change in the sensing line 143 due to the tension change.

At least one pair of the plurality of sensing lines 143 may be mounted on the wires in opposite directions, respectively.

A plurality of anchors 300 embedded in the slope 1; A support plate 310 formed at the head of the anchor 300; And a pair of support portions 320 formed on the support plate 310 to support the optical fiber wires 100a on both sides, wherein the optical fiber wires 100a have a zigzag structure. It is preferable to form the wire net 20 by being supported by the support part 320.

The support 320 preferably includes an annular support 321 bent inwardly.

The optical fiber wire 100a is mounted to the support plate 310 by a twisted structure, and the support 320 is a support groove 322 formed to support the outside of the optical fiber wire 100a of the twisted structure; And a support protrusion 323 protruding from the core portion of the support groove 322 to be inserted into a through hole formed at the center of the twisted structure of the optical fiber wire 100a.

The support 320 may include a leaf spring 324 mounted to the support protrusion 323 to compress the twisted structure of the optical fiber wire 100a to the outside.

The present invention is to capture the signs of the occurrence of the rockfall in advance and to warn it to minimize the damage caused by the rockfall.

1 is a block diagram of a conventional rockfall prevention system.
Figure 2 below shows an embodiment of the rockfall warning system according to the present invention,
2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a rockfall warning system;
3 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of an optical fiber wire;
4 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of an optical fiber wire;
5 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of an optical fiber wire;
6 is a first state diagram of the metallic protective material.
7 is a second state diagram of the metallic protective material.
8 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of an optical fiber wire;
9 is a plan view of the grip device;
10 is a side view of the grip device;
11 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the rockfall warning system.
12 is a cross-sectional view of the tension change detection device.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a rockfall warning system;
14 is a side view of a third embodiment of a rockfall warning system;
15 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a support;
16 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the support portion;
17 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a support;
18 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a support;
19 is a plan view of a third embodiment of a support;

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown below in Figure 2, the rockfall warning system according to the present invention, basically, the upper and side portions are fixed to the slope 1, the net 10 is installed to open the bottom; An upper and side portions fixed to the slope 1 and installed on the outer surface of the mesh 10 to open the lower portion thereof, and a wire mesh 20 formed by combining a plurality of wires in a lattice shape; Measuring means (100) installed to measure displacements occurring in the wire mesh (20) by falling rocks occurring on the slope (1); Warning means 200 for analyzing the data collected by the measuring means 100, and issues a warning when the set reference value is exceeded; It is configured to include; a protection measure 30 installed on the lower end of the slope (1).

That is, the lower end of the mesh 10 and the wire mesh 20 can be opened without fixing the four ends and the intersections of the mesh 10 and the wire mesh 20 by the anchor 40 as in the related art. Even if a rockfall (slope ground change) occurs, it is a configuration that allows departure to the lower part without restricting it.

Instead, by measuring means of this small rockfall by the measuring means 100 and warning by the warning means (200: blocking of roads by traffic lights, warning broadcasts to nearby villages, etc.), The damage caused by this can be minimized.

The measuring means 100 for measuring the change of slope ground may be implemented by various structures, it is preferable to use the wire net 20 installed in the past in terms of convenience of construction, cost reduction.

The measuring means 100 may be implemented by a method of forming the upper wire mesh 20 by the optical fiber wire 100a on which the optical fiber is mounted.

The optical fiber wire 100a includes an optical fiber sensing unit 110 mounted at a core wire position; It takes a structure with; a plurality of side lines 120 mounted in a twisted structure around the optical fiber sensing unit 110.

Optical fiber refers to a thin fiber having a diameter of about 0.1 mm formed so that the refractive index of light is high inside and low outside, so that total reflection optical phenomenon occurs inside the fiber.

In order to reduce light loss when transmitting light using the above phenomenon, highly transparent material is required, and high purity quartz or polymer material having excellent optical properties is used.

The structure has a double cylinder shape in which a core called a core is wrapped around a portion called cladding. The outside is coated with one or two coats of synthetic resin to protect it from impact.

The total size excluding the protective coating is 100 to several hundred μm in diameter (1 μm is 1/1000 mm), and the refractive index of the core portion is higher than the refractive index of the cladding, so that the light is focused on the core portion so that the light can proceed without escaping. have.

Optical fiber is mainly used in the communication field, but when the optical fiber is stretched by the temperature and pressure, it detects the interference pattern of the light passing through the inside and can measure the temperature and pressure. The sensor is called an optical fiber sensor.

Recently, various attempts have been made to utilize such optical fiber sensors in the field of construction measurement, and in detail, measurement of displacement (sag, deformation) of structures due to pressure changes, leak detection due to temperature changes, and the like.

As in the present invention, when the optical fiber sensing unit 110 equipped with the optical fiber having the characteristics described above is mounted at the core position of the wire, accurate measurement is possible at the end of the optical fiber (end of the wire). The stress state of the entire wire due to deformation can be measured in real time conveniently and accurately.

However, since the strength of the optical fiber is easy to break due to its weak strength, a protective means for preventing this should be taken.

That is, the optical fiber sensing unit 110, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the optical fiber 111; It is preferable to take a structure including a; optical fiber protection unit 112 mounted around the outer surface of the optical fiber 111 to behave together with the optical fiber 111.

Here, the optical fiber protection unit 112 is mounted around the outer surface of the optical fiber 111 to serve to prevent the breakage of the optical fiber 111, so that the optical fiber 111 and the external side line 120 behave integrally. By doing so, it is necessary to allow the deformation and other state changes of the side line 120 to be transmitted to the optical fiber 111 as it is, enabling accurate measurement of the state of the wire.

To this end, the optical fiber protection unit 112 preferably includes a core member 112a formed of a material that can be deformed by the pressure of the plurality of side lines 120 while also acting together with the plurality of side lines 120. .

In order for the core material 112a to have such a property, the core material 112a may be formed of a synthetic resin material such as poly (Ethylen) or PVC.

The core 112a and the side line 120 are preferably formed to have a substantially circular cross section, like a general wire.

In this case, the diameter of the core material 112a is preferably formed to be 1.2 to 1.3 times larger than the diameter of the side line 120. As shown in FIG. 4, the outer surface of the core material 112a is twisted by the side line 120. This is because the mutual adhesion can be increased by causing a compression deformation.

Between the core member 112a of the optical fiber protection unit 112 and the optical fiber 111, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the metal protective material 112b is formed of a metallic material and behaves together with the optical fiber 111. It is preferable to be equipped with.

Since the metal material has excellent strength, thereby protecting the outer surface of the optical fiber 111, it is possible to prevent the breakage of the optical fiber 111, and has flexibility (flexibility), so that the displacement of the structure to be the parent If is generated, the displacement is transmitted to the optical fiber 111 as it is to enable accurate measurement.

It is preferable that the structure of the metallic protective material 112b adopts satisfying the following requirements.

First, since it serves to protect the internal optical fiber 111, even when bending occurs due to deformation of the parent structure, it is good to take a structure to maintain a constant cross section (for example, a circular shape) at all times.

Second, in order to firmly bond with the core material 112a or the coating material 112c described later, a frictional force increasing structure may be formed on the outer surface of the metallic protective material 112b.

As shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the metallic protective material 112b is preferable in that the braided structure by the metal yarn can naturally satisfy all of the above requirements.

Here, the braided structure refers to a structure in which a metal yarn (processed with metal in the shape of a thin thread) is woven into a net structure diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber sensor, so that a cavity is naturally formed. .

As described above, it is possible to protect the optical fiber 111 inside due to the rigidity of the metal, while maintaining a constant circular cross section at the time of bending.

Furthermore, since the net structure is taken, when the coating operation is performed, a part of the metallic protective material 112b is naturally embedded in the core material 112a or the coating material 112c to be described later, and thus, a very excellent bonding force can be obtained. have.

As described above, the metallic protective material 112b may be made of a material having excellent flexibility, thermal and electrical conductivity, and adjustable resistance.

Examples include silver, copper, aluminum, gold, platinum, and the like, specifically, silver has been shown to most certainly meet the above requirements.

As shown in FIG. 8, the optical fiber protection unit 112 of the optical fiber sensing unit 110 further includes a coating material 112c mounted around the outer surface of the metal protection material 112b to behave together with the metal protection material 112b. It is desirable to take one structure.

After the coating of the metallic protective material 112b on the optical fiber 111, the outer surface of the metallic protective material 112b is coated with the coating material 112c to fix the metallic protective material 112b once, and then inserted into the core material 112a. This is because it is advantageous in terms of efficiency and ease of manufacturing.

The coating material 112c is a structure that is coated around the outer surface of the metallic protective material 112b. In order to behave together with the core material 112a, the coating material 112c is preferably formed of a synthetic resin material having excellent flexibility.

Since the optical fiber is a very sensitive sensor, when the wire mesh 20 is formed by the optical fiber wire 100a as described above, data is generated due to a situation (wind, rain, etc.) that is not related to the deformation of the slope ground. This can cause confusion in the measurement.

To prevent this, it is necessary to take a structure such that only data relating to the overall behavior of the wire mesh 20 which is directly related to the deformation of the slope ground is generated.

That is, as shown in Figure 9, the grip member 131 provided to grip the plurality of the optical fiber wire (100a) forming an intersection of the wire mesh 20 by the optical fiber wire (100a); When the grip member 131 has a structure that further includes a grip device 130 having a fixed portion 132, the fixed portion 132, the intersection of the wire mesh 20 is fixed, irrespective of the deformation of the slope ground Since it is possible to exclude the data according to, there is an advantage that only accurate data related to the deformation of the slope ground can be obtained by a plurality of intersections formed in the wire mesh 20.

Specifically, it is preferable in view of the easy implementation of the system that the cross section has a structure formed by the two optical fiber wires 100a orthogonal to each other.

The fixing part 132 may be any structure as long as the two fixing members 131 are fixed at a predetermined position, but as shown in FIG. Most preferred in terms of ease of operation and structural stability.

The grip member 131 may be fixed to the fixing plate 132a by the U-shaped fixture 133 or the like (FIG. 10).

As described above, even when the wire net 20 is not formed by the optical fiber wire 100a but is formed by a general wire, measurement can be performed by the following method.

That is, the measuring means 100 includes a main body 141; A plurality of pulleys 142 having an elastic recovery structure and installed in the main body 141; A plurality of sensing lines 143 mounted on one end of the plurality of pulleys 142 and wound on the other end of the plurality of wires; The configuration includes a tension change sensing device 140 having a tension change sensing unit (not shown) installed in the main body 141 to detect a change in the sensing line 143 due to the tension change (FIG. 11, 12).

This is because the sensing line 143 is mounted on the wire in a state in which the sensing line 143 is partially wound on the pulley 142 having an elastic recovery structure (a structure in which the sensing line is pulled toward the pulley side), when the position of the wire changes due to the change of the slope ground, The tension change sensing unit senses the change in tension of the sensing line 143 according to the change to indirectly detect the occurrence of a rockfall.

The tension change detection device 140 is effective to measure the relative displacement of the wire according to the change of the slope ground by allowing at least one pair of the plurality of sensing lines 143 to be mounted on the wire in the opposite direction, respectively.

Hereinafter, another embodiment of the rockfall warning system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 13.

It comprises a plurality of anchors 300 embedded in the slope (1); A support plate 310 formed at the head of the anchor 300; And a pair of support portions 320 formed on the support plate 310 to support the optical fiber wires 100a on both sides inward, and the optical fiber wires 100a have a zigzag structure and support portions 320 of the plurality of anchors 300. By being supported by, the structure which forms the wire mesh 20 is taken (FIGS. 13 and 14).

The present embodiment has a configuration in which the optical fiber wire 100a is firmly installed on the support plate 310 of the anchor 300 embedded in the slope 1, and thus the anchor 300 generated by the behavior of the slope 1 is formed. There is an advantage that the displacement can be accurately measured by the optical fiber wire 100a.

The support 320 of the support plate 310 preferably has a structure such as an annular support 321 having an upper end bent inward to thereby firmly support the optical fiber wire 100a (FIGS. 15 and 16).

Furthermore, the optical fiber wire 100a is mounted to the support plate 310 by a twisted structure, and the support 320 is a support groove 322 formed to support the outside of the twisted structure of the optical fiber wire 100a; In the case of a configuration including a; support protrusion 323 protruding in the core of the support groove 322 to be inserted into the through hole formed in the center of the twisted optical fiber wire (100a), due to the behavior of the anchor 300 There is an effect that the displacement of the support plate 310 can be measured more accurately by the optical fiber wire 100a (FIGS. 17 and 18).

In addition, in order for the optical fiber wire 100a to be more reliably behaved together with the support plate 310, the support 320 is a plate mounted to the support protrusion 323 to press the optical fiber wire 100a of the twisted structure to the outside. It is desirable to take a configuration that includes a spring 324 (FIG. 19).

Since the above has been described only with respect to some of the preferred embodiments that can be implemented by the present invention, the scope of the present invention, as is well known, should not be construed as limited to the above embodiments, the present invention described above It will be said that both the technical idea and the technical idea which together with the base are included in the scope of the present invention.

1: slope 10: net
20: wire mesh 30: protection measures
100: measuring means 100a: optical fiber wire
110: optical fiber sensing unit 111: optical fiber
112: optical fiber protection portion 112a: core material
112b: metallic protective material 112c: coating material
120: side line 130: grip device
131: grip member 132: fixing part
132a: fixing plate 133: U-shaped fixture
140: tension change detection device 141: main body
142; Pulley 143: Detection Line
200: warning means 300: anchor
310: support plate 320: support part
321: annular support 322: support groove
323: support protrusion 324: leaf spring

Claims (20)

Upper and side portions are fixed to the slope (1), the net is installed to open the lower portion 10;
An upper and side portions fixed to the slope 1 and installed on an outer surface of the mesh 10 to open the lower portion, and a wire mesh 20 formed by combining a plurality of wires in a lattice shape;
Measuring means (100) installed to measure displacements occurring in the wire mesh (20) by falling rocks occurring on the slope (1);
A warning means 200 which analyzes the data collected by the measuring means 100 and issues a warning when the set reference value is exceeded;
Including rockfall warning system. The method of claim 1,
The measuring means 100
An optical fiber sensing unit 110 mounted at a core line position;
And a plurality of side lines 120 mounted in a twisted structure around the optical fiber sensing unit 110, and including an optical fiber wire 100a.
Rock wire warning system, characterized in that formed by the optical fiber wire (100a). The method of claim 2,
The optical fiber sensing unit 110
Optical fiber 111;
An optical fiber protection unit 112 mounted around an outer surface of the optical fiber 111 to behave together with the optical fiber 111;
Rockfall warning system comprising a. The method of claim 3,
The optical fiber protection unit 112
Rockfall warning system, characterized in that it comprises a core material (112a) formed of a material that can be deformed by the pressure of the plurality of side lines (120) while acting together with the plurality of side lines (120). The method of claim 4, wherein
The core material (112a) is a rockfall warning system, characterized in that formed by a synthetic resin material. The method of claim 4, wherein
Rockfall warning system, characterized in that the core (112a) and sideline (120) is formed to have a substantially circular cross section. The method of claim 6,
The diameter of the core material (112a) is falling rock warning system, characterized in that formed 1.2 to 1.3 times larger than the diameter of the side line (120). The method of claim 4, wherein
The optical fiber protection unit 112
The rockfall warning system is formed by a metallic material and includes a metallic protective material (112b) mounted between the core material (112a) and the optical fiber (111) to behave together with the optical fiber (111). The method of claim 8,
The metallic protective material 112b is
Rockfall warning system characterized in that the mounting as a braided structure by metal yarn. The method of claim 8,
The optical fiber protection unit 112
And a coating material (112c) mounted between the core material (112a) and the metallic protection material (112b) to behave together with the metallic protection material (112b). The method according to any one of claims 2 to 10,
The measuring means 100
A grip member (131) provided to grip a plurality of the optical fiber wires (100a) forming an intersection of the wire meshes (20) by the optical fiber wires (100a);
Rockfall warning system characterized in that it further comprises a grip device (130) having a fixing portion 132, the grip member (131) is fixed. The method of claim 11,
The crossing part is formed by the two optical fiber wires (100a) orthogonal to the rockfall warning system. The method of claim 11,
The fixing part (132) is rockfall warning system characterized in that it comprises a fixing plate (132a) of a plate-shaped structure installed inside the intersection. The method of claim 13,
The grip device (130) is rockfall warning system characterized in that it comprises a U-shaped fixture (133) for fixing the grip member (131) to the fixing plate (132a). The method of claim 1,
The measuring means 100
Main body 141;
A plurality of pulleys (142) having an elastic recovery structure and installed in the main body (141);
A plurality of sensing lines 143 having one end mounted on the plurality of pulleys 142 and the other end mounted on the plurality of wires, respectively;
And a tension change sensing device (140) having a tension change sensing unit installed in the main body (141) to detect a change in the sensing line (143) due to a change in tension. 16. The method of claim 15,
At least one pair of said plurality of sensing lines (143) are respectively mounted to said wire in opposite directions to each other. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 10,
A plurality of anchors 300 embedded in the slope 1;
A support plate 310 formed at the head of the anchor 300;
And a pair of support portions 320 formed on the support plate 310 to support the optical fiber wires 100a on both sides.
The optical fiber wire 100a is supported by the support part 320 of the plurality of anchors 300 in a zigzag structure, thereby forming the wire mesh 20. The method of claim 17,
The support 320 is a rockfall warning system, characterized in that it comprises an annular support 321 is bent inwardly. The method of claim 17,
The optical fiber wire 100a is mounted to the support plate 310 by a twisted structure,
The support 320 is
A support groove 322 formed to support the outside of the twisted structure of the optical fiber wire 100a;
A support protrusion 323 protruding from the core of the support groove 322 to be inserted into a through hole formed at the center of the twisted structure of the optical fiber wire 100a;
Rockfall warning system comprising a. The method of claim 19,
The support 320 is
Rockfall warning system characterized in that it comprises a leaf spring (324) mounted to the support protrusion (323) to squeeze the twisted structure of the optical fiber wire (100a) to the outside.

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