KR20110053814A - Web based techniques for visibility diagnosis and prediction using an optical technique - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A correction diagnosis and prediction technique based on a web using an optical technique are provided to supply an analysis algorithm which can correct by reflecting a chemical and optical characteristic and meteorological characteristic of aerosol which induces correction failure. CONSTITUTION: An air pollution material is inputted to an initial display of a simulation program. The pollution area form, an air pollution classification and an aerosol classification are selected. If a visibility simulation is clicked, a light extinction coefficient and visible distance is calculated at the same time. If a confirmation button is clicked, the visibility value is calculated. If an experience visibility is clicked, a simulated visibility image of corresponding area is outputted.

Description

Web based techniques for visibility diagnosis and prediction using an optical technique}

The present invention provides information on the causes of visibility disorders and simulation simulations to the public institutions conducting the management of air quality and visibility, and to professionals in universities, research institutes conducting research on the air environment, or to the general public who are interested in air pollution. Web-based program technology that can diagnose and predict changes in the visibility of remote locations with the sensory visibility images established by region based on atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric optics, color optics, and computer programming techniques. It is a description of the method.

Today's visibility goes beyond just the longest distance for humans to grasp objects, and it is the chemical equilibrium of gaseous and particulate matter that causes air pollution, the physical disappearance of light by aerosols, the chemical composition of pollutants, and meteorological factors. It is evaluated as a haptic indicator for the atmospheric environment that can comprehensively evaluate natural disorders.

The current state of the art for measuring visibility is that OPTEC Inc.'s LPV-2 Transmissometer, which is installed on the US IMPROVE network, is widely used for optical visibility measurement, and Belfort's model 6000/6100 / 6230A Visibility Meter and ETA's Longshot Long Path Transmissometer. For stopping distances, products such as Vaisala's MITRAS transmissometer and Biral's Visibility Sensor are used. All existing products, however, are optically visible by a single wavelength and do not have chemical and imaging analysis and diagnostics.

Currently, the visibility observation of our country is made by the Ministry of Meteorological Administration, and there are several research institutes equipped with optical measuring equipment that can observe the change of visibility in real time, but we continuously operate optical, chemical, and color integrated visibility monitoring. However, there have been few examples of analytical techniques for diagnosing and predicting visibility.

Recently, a technique for monitoring visibility changes in real time using a imaging method using a digital camera (CCD) has been developed. However, this technique has no information on chemical and optical characteristics of air pollutants. Based on this, the diagnosis cannot be diagnosed and predicted.

Observation of visibility in the present invention consists of a real-time measurement using an optical method, and the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the aerosol can be performed in parallel with the identification of the causative component of the air pollutant. However, in the past studies, these studies were very poor and produced factors that were not easily understood by the general public.

Changes in visibility are caused by natural causes, such as increases and decreases in relative humidity, and by artificial factors, such as changes in air pollutants. The change in visibility caused by natural phenomena is caused by changes in the composition and size of aerosols that affect light scattering through the binding of water vapor in the atmosphere with coagulation tuberculosis. In general, when the relative humidity is increased, the light scattering coefficient is increased due to the conversion of the particulate matter of the gaseous substance and the increase of the particle diameter of the ultra-fine aerosol. In addition, the change in visibility caused by anthropogenic phenomenon is due to the change of light scattering and light absorption coefficient due to the increase and decrease of the mass concentration of particulate matter such as sulfate, nitrate, organic substance, elemental carbon, micro soil, sea salt and mass concentration of gaseous substance such as nitrogen dioxide. Is generated. Since the sulfate, nitrate, and sea salt particles are sensitive to changes in relative humidity among these pollutants, the changes in visibility should be analyzed and interpreted in consideration of both artificial and natural factors.

In the field of meteorology, changes in visibility are recorded in terms of haze, mist, and fog. In particular, the distinction between mist and mist has a significant meaning. The basis of this classification is the case where light scattering by water vapor is dominant among water vapor, which is a natural causative agent of visibility disorder, and aerosol-causing aerosol, which is an artificial causative agent. It is due to judging it as haze. Therefore, the change in visibility, which visually determines the change in air quality, can be used as an indicator to determine the level of air pollution, not just to determine the degree of visibility. An object of the present invention is to develop an analytical algorithm capable of simulating visibility by reflecting the chemical composition, optical characteristics and meteorological characteristics of aerosol-causing aerosols present in the atmosphere, and to express the optical characteristics of visibility as bodily-corrected visual images. Based on the development of scientific analytical methods, the aim is to make the municipal administration function as an indicator of air pollution.

Visibility change diagnosis and prediction technology consists of observation and analysis, algorithm development, and application development. The measuring devices used for visibility change observations consisted of optical, chemical, meteorological and imaging systems. In the present invention, each measuring device is installed to measure optical visibility in a path where imaging tactile visibility observation is performed, and an aerosol collecting device is installed in a path where optical measurement is performed. The visibility station consisted of an optical field measuring light attenuation coefficients and an aerosol station collecting aerosols. The receiver was equipped with a receiver unit of OPTEC LPV-3 transmissometer, and the transmitter unit was installed several hundred m-several kilometers away from the receiver via an optical open path. Sensory visibility images were captured at 10-minute intervals during the intensive observation period using a Canon EOS-40D digital camera and TC-80N3 shutter release. Light extinction coefficient (b _ext ) was measured at 1 minute intervals by a transmissometer, and light scattering coefficient (b _scat ) was measured at 2 minutes intervals by NGN-2 nephelometer. Light absorption coefficient (b _abs ) was measured at 1 minute intervals by Megee Scientific's AE-31 aethalometer. Constant concentration during the observation period URG four model VAPS 2000J aerosol sampler and model-URG 2000-30EHB PM _1.0 cyclone and model URG-2000-30EH PM _{2 .5} micro-tenant using a cyclone sampler (D _p <1.0 ㎛), fine-particle (D _p <2.5 μm) and coarse particles (2.5 <D _p <10 μm) were collected respectively. Atmospheric aerosols were collected in the filter at semi-continuous intervals at intervals of 2 hours (8 am-6 pm) and 14 hours (6 pm-8 pm). The collected aerosols were subjected to elemental analysis, ion analysis and carbon analysis using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, ion chromatography, and thermal optical transmittance (TOT) analysis, respectively. . 242 mm and 150 mm annular denuders were also used to remove the gaseous material before it was collected in the filter. To remove acid gases (SO ₂ , HCl) 1% Na ₂ CO ₃ + Impregnation solution of 1% glycerin + (H ₂ O + CH ₃ OH) was used, and to remove basic gas (NH ₃ ) of 1% citric acid + 1% glycerin + (H ₂ O + CH ₃ OH) Impregnation solution was used. The meteorological factors were measured using the data of air temperature, wind direction, wind speed, and relative humidity measured by the Korea Meteorological Administration. The light extinction equation to develop an analysis algorithm for visibility change is based on the optical and chemical properties of the measured and analyzed aerosols, and the light attenuation efficiency per unit mass of air pollutants and wetted particles. It consists of a function of the change in light scattering efficiency due to physical growth. The photo-extinction equation is classified into ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, organic matter, elemental carbon, fine soil particles, coarse particles, sea salt, nitrogen dioxide, etc., which causes visibility impairment. It became. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, linearity was considered first, and the function related to the change of scattering efficiency of particles with the change of relative humidity, a nonlinear function, was assumed to be constant and all variables were assumed to be linear functions. Determination coefficient (r ² ), standard error (SE) and degree of freedom (df) were calculated by multivariate linear regression analysis. The adequacy of each coefficient calculated at was estimated by F-test and T-test. In the chromatic analysis to derive haptic images, the difference between the colors of the sky and haze in the background atmosphere is classified into hue, saturation, and intensity values, respectively. saturation difference and intensity difference were reconstructed, and the correlation between the optical and chromatic correction factors was investigated. In order to implement the interface of the program, the linkage method between the measurement data and the related functions was considered as a menu-oriented input method rather than a command input method in order to expand the range of users. It is designed to be easy for users to access and use based on basic menu methods such as pop-up, push-button, and drop-down. The configuration interface is considered to reflect the variability of the light extinction equation. The program interface constructed in the present invention for modeling the visibility simulation algorithm is based on a computer program. In the program, when the user inputs the information on the pollutants causing the visual impairment selected at each stage to diagnose and predict the change of visibility, the visual distance is calculated based on the optical correction, and based on this, the sensory visual image can be simulated.

The present invention can derive the remote visibility state from the data input of air pollutants through the network, and by visualizing the visibility concretely based on this, even the general public who lacks the expert knowledge can easily diagnose the air pollution level or the current state of the remote place. It can be predicted to induce national attention on air pollution. In addition, the Ministry of Environment, Korea Meteorological Administration, National Institute of Environmental Science, Korea Institute of Health and Environment, National Institute of Fire and Environment, National Institute of Atmospheric Environment, etc. are the basic technologies for diagnosing air quality and visibility changes in large cities and natural disasters such as yellow dust and pollen. Can be utilized. The present invention can be provided to various fields of individuals, communities, and social groups that require various outdoor activities to contribute to public interest.

The present invention seeks visualization of the correction data so that the general public can easily feel it, and is composed of a general correction simulation configured to be used by personnel in charge of institutions and government offices, and a detailed correction simulation level that can be used by the expert. Detailed description for effective use thereof is shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the initial screen of a detailed simulation program for professionals, and the window that appears when the simulated area is set to Daegu 1 and an air pollutant input is input (FIG. 2). Mass concentrations, gaseous components, and gaseous components by ionic, carbon, elemental, or particle size distribution of the corresponding (coarse, fine, ultrafine) particles are selected. Contaminated area type is selected from urban area, rural area, industrial area, island area, and national park.For air pollution classification, select from general type, yellow sand, pollen, bio incineration, and in aerosol classification, US type 93, US type 07 The optical extinction coefficient and the visibility distance are simultaneously calculated by selecting or directly inputting the contrast limit profile by selecting from the Korean, Korean, etc., and clicking the visibility simulation. Based on this, clicking the OK button calculates the correction value calculated on the initial screen, and by clicking on the sensory correction, the simulated visibility image of the region is output as shown in FIG. 3.

4 is a window that appears when selecting a simulated area selection window in general or detailed simulation shows a specific area classified by contaminated area group. By selecting a region of interest, haptic visual images of the region are simulated.

5 is a window for calculating color component differences by inputting color information in detailed simulation and inducing correction based on the same. By selecting the OK button on the basis of the calculated corrected value, the corrected value derived in the initial correcting window is calculated, and then, by pressing the haptic correction button, the simulated corrected value of the selected area is calculated.

(6) is performed by inputting the chemical composition of the air pollutant to the input window appears when the air pollutant input is selected in the general simulation. The input is simpler than the detailed simulation. In the same way, the color information input window for general simulation is relatively simpler than the detailed simulation.

Claims (3)

Detailed Simulation Analysis Algorithm Between Chemical and Optical Elements That Cause Visibility Web-based program for diagnosing and predicting visibility changes at remote locations Sensory visibility image data established in the visibility change diagnosis and prediction program

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