KR20100138504A - Dental implant comprising abutment having micropores - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A dental implant comprising abutment having micropores is provided to disperse biting force to a dental root fixture in vertical, slant, and horizontal direction. CONSTITUTION: A dental implant comprising abutment having micropores is comprised of a fixture, an abutment, and an implant. The fixture is fixed on a gum bone. The abutment is connected to the upper part of the fixture and has outside comprised of an implant supporting side, a gum contact side, and a fixture contact. The Implant is covered at the upper part of the abutment.

Description

Dental implant comprising abutment having micropores

The present invention relates to a dental implant in which a micropore is formed in an abutment, and more particularly, a microfracture of an implant fixture buried site bone according to occlusal injury (Occlusal trauma) after an implant procedure. To prevent micro-fracture, it is related to implants with enhanced impact cushioning function.

Human natural teeth are surrounded by flexible and tough fibrous tissue called the root canal, and the teeth show a slight movement and because of this movement, they absorb and disperse strong shocks and protect the teeth. It also plays a role in tissue regeneration to regenerate the tissue.

However, since the teeth are directly contacted with bone tissue without the root canal, they are much harder than natural teeth. However, the regeneration of tissues damaged by strong resistance or inflammation is incomparable with natural teeth. Some scholars say that there is a part of the gum bone around the artificial root that functions similar to the root canal, but it is basically a soft bone tissue that is different from the human root.

Occlusal trauma in natural teeth causes symptoms such as increased sensitivity, hyperemia, and mobility and is generally reversible. However, in artificial teeth, these symptoms do not appear in natural teeth and there is no soft tissue interface between the artificial tooth and the bone, which only adds force to the bone of the artificial tooth. Causes micro-fracture.

The result of the microfracture is to interfere with the bone adhesion of the implant, so that the clinical prognosis after the dental implant surgery is poor, and various attempts to avoid the microfracture are needed to obtain better clinical results.

Natural teeth are supplied with blood from the three blood streams of the fascia, periosteum, and gingiva and are rich in collagen fibers. Therefore, the appearance of neutrophils against external invasion is high and the resistance is high, whereas the implant only supplies blood from the two blood streams of the periosteum and gingiva. Because of the lack of collagen fibers, the appearance of neutrophils and the resistance to external invasion are low compared to natural teeth. Therefore, in natural teeth, the protective film and blood supply of abundant collagen fibers prevent the inflammation from spreading to bone tissue early, but in the case of implants, since the protective film and blood supply of collagen fibers are insufficient, once the inflammation occurs, Compared to bone tissue is rapidly spread.

In order to solve this problem of soft tissue inflammation and excessive occlusal force around the implant, the implant fixture and abutment connection, ie the neck, have been cut recently to prevent absorption of the upper circumferential cortical bone. Like the ITI implant, the gingival contact surface and the fixture contact surface on the upper part of the fixture are 1.8-2.8mm in height, so that the occlusal force is concentrated on the gingival contact surface. However, designing in this way often results in less than expected.

Therefore, the present inventors have conducted research and experiments on the soft tissue inflammation and excessive occlusal force around the implant, which is known as a major factor of implant failure, and as a result, the present invention has been proposed, and the present invention forms a micropore in the abutment. By dispersing the transmission of excessive bite force to the fixture, it prevents microfracture of the implant fixture site bone due to occlusion damage after implantation, and embeds anti-inflammatory material in the micropores so that the drug may be released. I want to provide an implant, which has a purpose.

The present invention for achieving the above object is composed of a fixture that is directly fixed to the gum bone, the fixture is connected to the upper portion of the prosthesis surface and the prosthesis made up of the abutment and abutment upper surface consisting of the gingival contact surface and the fixture contact surface In the dental implant to be formed, one or both of the abutment or fixture contact surface of the abutment is formed in such a way that the micropores are completely penetrated between the outer surface and the inner surface of the abutment or only partially perforated. Characterized in that formed.

The abutment according to the present invention efficiently distributes the load generated vertically, inclined, and horizontally to the artificial tooth root fixture by micro-punching a part of the gingival contact surface and the fixture contact surface. Can be. This load distribution prevents micro fracture of implant fixture buried bone due to occlusal damage caused by lack of soft tissue interface between artificial root and bone to prevent shaking of fixture which is bone joint of implant and successful implant It can work.

In addition to the above effects, in some cases, when a specific material is embedded in the perforated portion to release the drug in a sustained release form, the implant can be given a specific function. For example, it is possible to prevent bone necrosis by embedding anti-inflammatory material to prevent inflammation of the gingival area.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

Dental implants generally consist of three parts: a fixture that is directly fixed to the gum bone (osseointegration), an abutment connected to the upper part, and a prosthesis that is placed on the abutment. The natural tooth can absorb and disperse the periodontal ligament between the root and bone when the occlusal force is applied.However, because the implant has no periodontal ligament, when the excessive bite force (occlusal trauma) is applied, the fracture around the fixture is fine. This can cause bone adhesion to break.

The present invention can form micropores in the abutment to disperse the transmission of excessive occlusal force to the fixture. That is, in the abutment having a prosthesis support surface and an outer surface consisting of a gingival contact surface and a fixture contact surface, artificial tooth root height generated during tooth mastication by micro-punching the gingival contact surface and / or the fixture contact surface in various ways. By effectively distributing the vertical, inclined and horizontal loads to the fixture, it will have a shock-absorbing function to prevent fine fractures of the implant fixture buried bone due to occlusal damage.

The micropores may be drilled using various processing methods such as a drill or a three-axis machining machine, a five-axis machining machine, a laser, and an electric discharge machining. The drill uses a micro drill tip (several micro drill tips), the micro hole processing is fixed to the implant structure, such as abutments, and a high speed machine by fastening the micro tip on the vertical axis (Z axis) to rotate at high speed to the workpiece Design the CAD data of the workpiece by using the rotational force and CAM program to form the pore by repeating the machining (punching) in micro units. The laser is hole drilled or micro-gaped by minimizing the size of the output beam focus of the laser machine. The electrical discharge machining may be performed by disposing a workpiece between two electrodes using high voltage electricity to discharge the high voltage electricity and processing the same. The micro hole processing method may be applied by chemical corrosion using the material properties. Among them, it is most preferable to use a 5-axis machining center capable of the highest positional accuracy of 0.001 mm and the repeatability of 0.0005 mm.

In addition, the micropores may penetrate from the outer surface of the abutment to the inner surface so that the force generated by the occlusion can effectively distribute the load vertically, inclined and horizontally to the artificial root fixture. Depending on your needs (for example, to reduce infection of the gingival), you may be able to drill only a portion of the structure instead of a fully open pore.

In addition, the micropores are preferably drilled while maintaining a vertical or constant angle to the outer surface of the abutment, and the size thereof may vary depending on the material, etc., but it is not specific, but generally, a micrometer to a few millimeters may be performed. It is preferable to perform microperforation in a size of preferably 1 to 5000 μm, more preferably 50 to 300 μm.

In addition, the micropores can be appropriately adjusted according to the clinical requirements, the position or size, it is mechanically preferable that the shape on the outer surface of the abutment is punctured at regular intervals, the shape to be formed is, for example, It can be formed by various methods such as a horizontal line as shown in FIG. 1, a right as shown in FIG. 2, and a left as shown in FIG. The distance between the pores of the horizontal line, right-side line, left-side line or the number of lines can be appropriately adjusted according to the desired function, and in the case of the diagonal line, the angle is preferably between 10 and 90 degrees. Such micropores can microperforate into two or more layers.

In addition, the micropores can be achieved more efficiently by having a certain inclination or a specific pattern of the occlusal damage force transmitted to the artificial tooth root during occlusion more efficiently than a simple hole. In other words, the mitropores are not particularly limited in form, but are usually punched in a circle, for example, in the form of ∧, ∨, /. Machining types such as ∧, ∨, and / can also be done using the laser machining (micro-gap) technique, which acts to split the forces against the vertical forces, the inclination loads and the torsional loads that occur during occlusion. More effective at inducing

In addition, it is desirable to drill at least two micropores, which is a method for effectively dispersing forces against loads in the vertical, inclined and horizontal and torsional forces when the occlusal force is applied.

After forming the micropores as described above it may be through the post-treatment to strengthen the material strength and physical properties. At this time, the post-treatment is a surface deposition (plating) by the electric ion or chemical ion treatment on the surface of the material to meet the clinical purpose, depending on the characteristics of the material, for example, if the heat treatment of iron (SUS) Strength may be increased or imparted proper ductility. In addition, the surface may be roughened, smoothed, or surface roughened by centrifugal polishing, barrel polishing, etc., and according to clinical requirements, the inlet side of the pore may be cut into a tapered shape or the pore inner diameter may be perpendicular to the gingival contact surface. You can also make it soft and process it.

Various fillers may be filled in the micropores as described above. Such fillers may be filled with biocompatible polymer materials such as silicon or high concentrations of hyaluronic acid, or metal materials such as hydroxyapatite or gold, which are relatively ductile, rather than the metal materials used in abutments. You may. In some cases, a polymer or hyaluronic acid may be filled with certain drugs. In some cases, when a specific material is embedded in the perforated site to release the drug in the sustained release form, the implant may be given a specific function. For example, it is possible to prevent bone necrosis by embedding anti-inflammatory material to prevent inflammation of the gingival area.

The abutment in which the micropores are formed may be mechanically, electrically or chemically surface treated to increase the strength of the material, to impart proper ductility, or to increase biocompatibility. Since the surface treatment method can be understood by those skilled in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The formation of the micropores as described above is applicable to generally known implants, in particular the abutment is applicable not only when using the integral abutment but also when using the detachable abutment as shown in FIG. Although the shape of the micropores has been disclosed in FIG. 4 without being specified, those skilled in the art will also understand a detachable abutment to which the technical spirit of the present invention is applied.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

Embodiments according to the present invention can be modified in many different forms, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

≪ Example 1 >

The abutment was prepared with a gold material (14K) of appropriately controlled hardness, and an implant material such as an abutment screw and a fixture.

The surface of the prepared abutment was used for the circular drilling of 150 탆 diameter in the form as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, respectively, using a 5-axis machining machine. It was. At this time, the number of perforations was the same as all six.

Implants were prepared using the prepared abutments. Using the prepared implants and the existing implants, the load transmitted to the artificial root fixture during chewing exercise was examined. As a result of the inspection, it was found that the case of forming the pores according to the present invention distributed the vertical, inclined and horizontal loads more efficiently than the case of forming the pores.

<Example 2>

In Example 1, two, four, and six micropores were formed in the abutment in the same manner as in the method of forming the circular perforation, as shown in FIG. 6. After embedding the chlorine-containing material in the formed pores, an implant was prepared.

Using the prepared implants, mastication was performed in an environment similar to that of the oral cavity, and the outflow of anti-inflammatory material was measured. Using these data, the pore size, number, and concentration of anti-inflammatory material could be properly adjusted according to clinical conditions.

1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a micropore formed in the abutment in a horizontal line.

FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a case in which micropores are formed in an abutment in a radial line shape.

FIG. 3 is a view schematically illustrating when micropores are formed in the abutment in a left-sided linear shape.

4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an implant using a detachable abutment.

FIG. 5 is a view schematically illustrating when a U-shaped micropore is formed in an abutment.

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a horizontal cross-sectional view of an abutment when two, four, and six micropores are formed.

Claims (8)

The fixture consists of a fixture fixed directly to the gum bone, an abutment consisting of a prosthesis ground surface, a gingival contact surface and a fixture contact surface, and a prosthesis covering the upper portion of the abutment. In the implant, One or both of the gingiva contact surface or the fixture contact surface of the abutment is formed in a form in which the micropores are formed to completely penetrate between the outer surface and the inner surface of the abutment or only a portion of the abutment Dental implants with micropores formed in the implant. The method of claim 1, The micropores are dental implants formed with micropores in the abutment, characterized in that the size of 1 ~ 5000㎛. The method of claim 1, The micropores are dental implants formed with micropores in the abutment, characterized in that the shape on the outer surface of the abutment is perforated at regular intervals. The method of claim 1, The micropores are dental implants formed with micropores in the abutment, characterized in that the shape of the abutment on the outer surface of the horizontal, left-sided, right-sided form. The method of claim 1, The form of the micropores is a dental implant, the micropores formed in the abutment, characterized in that selected from the form, such as round, ∧, ∨, /. The method of claim 1, The micropores are dental implants formed with micropores in the abutment, characterized in that at least two perforations. The method of claim 1, The abutment having the micropores is a dental implant having a micropore formed in the abutment, characterized in that the surface is mechanically, electrically, or chemically treated to increase the strength of the material or to give a suitable ductility or increase biocompatibility. . The method of claim 1, Dental implants formed with micropores in the abutment, characterized in that the inside of the micropores are filled with a polymer material, a metal material, a sustained release drug alone or in combination.

Images