KR20100122543A - Sorghum extract having antimicrobial activities and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A Sorghum bicolor Moench extract having an antibacterial activity is provided to prevent side effects by human body toxicity accumulation and to use as an alternative agent of conventional synthetic antibacterial agent. CONSTITUTION: A Sorghum bicolor Moench extract is isolated using low alcohol, methanol. The Sorghum bicolor Moench extract is fractioned using hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol or water. A cosmetic composition for anti-bacteria contains the Sorghum bicolor Moench extract as an active ingredient. The composition has antibacterial activities to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, or Klebsiella pneumoniae. The cosmetic composition is used in the form of skin softener, nutrition skin, nutrition cream, essence, pack or shower powder.

Description

 Sorghum extract having antimicrobial activities and uses according to the present invention

The present invention relates to a sorghum extract having an antimicrobial activity and its use, and more particularly, to an antimicrobial cosmetic composition containing the sorghum extract as an active ingredient, an antimicrobial pharmaceutical composition containing the sorghum extract as an active ingredient, It relates to an antimicrobial food additive containing sorghum extract as an active ingredient, and a method for producing the sorghum extract.

Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor Moench) is a major grain food crop in many parts of the world. However, in Asia and Africa it is particularly important as a food source and folk remedy for humans (Ryu et al., 2006, Korean Journal of Food and nutrition, 19, 176182). Sorghum is rich in phytochemicals such as tannins, phenols, anthocyanins, phytosterols, and policosanols, which are known to significantly affect human health (Awika & Rooney, 2004, Phytochemistry, 65, 1199-1221). Recent studies have shown that sorghum antioxidant activity (Choi et al., 2006, Food Chemistry, 103, 130-138), anticancer effect (Kwak et al., 2004, Journal of Korean Society Food Science Nutrition, 33, 921-929), and cholesterol lowering effects (Ha et al., 1998, Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 30, 224-229), and have been reported to reduce cardiovascular disease (Cho et al., 2000 , Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 14, A249). Moreover, sorghum has been reported to have DPPH radical scavenging activity and to have antimutagenic effects (Kwak et al., 2004, Journal of Korean Society Food Science Nutrition, 33, 921-929). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was detected in methanol extracts of sorghum (Ha et al., 1998, Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 30, 224-229). However, little information is available regarding the antimicrobial effects of sorghum.

Food alteration is one of the most important issues facing the food industry (Sokmen et al., 2004, Food Control, 15, 627-634). In fact, foodborne illness is a global problem even in developed countries. It is predominantly caused by deterioration or deterioration of food quality caused by the growth of microorganisms. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus ), Klebsiella pneumoniae ), Jin L. monocytogenes (Listeria monocytogenes), Kam fatigue bakteo Jeju Needle (Campylobacter jejuni ), Candida spp., Zygosaccharomyces spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Lycopus spp. ( Rhizopus spp.), Penicillium spp., And Salmonella spp., Many pathogenic microorganisms have been identified as causative agents of foodborne disease or food alteration (Betts et al., 1999 , Food Control, 10, 27-33; Walker, 1988, Journal of the Society of Dairy Technology, 41, 91-92). Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) It is an extracellular, fever pathogen that can cause localized infection or tissue destruction and life-threatening systemic disease with the ability to protect bacteria from host immune responses (Lowy, 2000, Trends in Microbiology, 8, 341-343). . Candida albicans (Candida symbiotic skin, vaginal, and intestinal points of mighty men albicans ) (Kaufman, 1997, Geriatrics, 52, 50-54) can cause infections in altered physiological and pathological conditions such as childhood, pregnancy, diabetes, continuous extensive antibiotic treatment, steroid chemotherapy, and AIDS (Friedman et al. , 2000, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 19, 499-504; Kennedy et al., 2000, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 53, 696-701).

On the other hand, there are a variety of pathogenic bacteria that are infectious to the human body, among which typical pathogenic bacteria are as follows. Vibrio parahemoliticus pharahaemolyticus ) induces gastroenteritis by inhabiting shellfish and seaweeds (Farmer et al., 1985, Manual of clinical microbiology 4th ed., American Society for Microbiology Washington DC), Fusobacterium necleatum ) Is a causative agent of gingivitis and periodontal tissue destruction (Waker et al., 1979, J Clin Microbiol., 10, 844-849), Prevotella intermedia and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae ) causes bad breath by decomposing substrates consisting of amino acids or proteins containing sulfur such as methionine, cysteine and cystine (Tonzetich, 1977, J Periodontol., 48, 13-20; Bosy et al., 1994, J Periodontol., 65, 37-46), Serratia marcescens mainly breeds bread, meat and milk, causing cystitis, as well as infecting the bloodstream and central nervous system.

Antibacterial agents are substances that prevent the production of bacteria or inhibit the growth, and are being studied mainly on microorganisms related to health and hygiene and crop harmful microorganisms. However, synthetic antimicrobial agents can accumulate in the body and cause side effects such as chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and much attention has been focused on developing natural antimicrobial substances without side effects. Actually, as natural antibacterial agents, hinokiitiol (hinocitiol), grapefruit seed extract (DF-100), and magnool extract (megnonol), which are natural antibacterial agents, have been developed, but they account for about 17% of synthetic preservatives. In fact, much research and development is required (Conner & Beuchat, 1984, J. Food Sci., 49, 429).

The present invention has been made in accordance with the above requirements, the present inventors carried out double step dilution analysis and paper disc diffusion analysis to confirm the antimicrobial activity of sorghum extract, whether the sorghum extract can be used as a raw material of the antimicrobial component I want to find out.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor Moench) extract having an antimicrobial activity.

The present invention also provides an antimicrobial cosmetic composition containing the sorghum extract as an active ingredient.

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for antimicrobial containing the sorghum extract as an active ingredient.

The present invention also provides an antimicrobial food additive containing the sorghum extract as an active ingredient.

Sorghum extract of the present invention is an environmentally friendly natural substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria and does not cause side effects due to human toxicity, residue and accumulation, and can be used as an alternative to the existing synthetic antimicrobial agents.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention has a sorghum ( Sorghum) having antibacterial activity extracted with lower alcohol bicolor Moench) extract.

The sorghum extract of the present invention may include one extracted from C ₁ to C ₄ lower alcohols such as water, ethanol, methanol, or a mixed solvent thereof, preferably extracted with methanol.

Sorghum extract of the present invention can be obtained as follows.

After grinding the sorghum seed of the present invention, a volume of water up to about 2 to 15 times, preferably about 5 to 10 times the weight of the sorghum sample and C ₁ to C ₄ lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and the like Polar solvent or a mixed solvent having a mixing ratio of about 1: 0.1 to 1:10, preferably about 70 to 100% methanol for about 1 hour to 1 day, more preferably about 1% with 100% methanol By using an extraction method such as hot water extraction, cold needle extraction, reflux cooling extraction or ultrasonic extraction for days, preferably hot water extraction, filtration and concentration can be obtained to obtain a sorghum extract.

The sorghum, black sorghum, tense carpenter, magnolia, magpie (alternate), little sorghum, elder tree, soo soo, wood sorghum, mongsu sorghum, red sorghum, red lumberjack, red sorghum, red sorghum, It is selected from the group consisting of non-fertilized sorghum, transportation sorghum, visual sorghum, general sorghum, long wood sorghum, long sorghum, conventional sorghum, sorghum, sorghum (RDA), sorghum, hye soo soo, and hye jang soo Does not. Preferably, black sorghum, red sorghum, long sorghum or corn sorghum.

In addition, the sorghum non-polar solvent soluble extract of the present invention, after suspending the crude sorghum extract in distilled water, is about 1 to 100 times the volume of these suspensions, preferably about 1 to 55 times the volume of hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n -By adding a nonpolar solvent such as butanol, it can be obtained by extracting and separating the nonpolar solvent soluble layer 1 to 10 times, preferably 2 to 5 times. In addition, conventional fractionation processes can also be carried out (Harborne, 1998, Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, 3rd Ed., Academic Press, New York, pp. 6-7).

The crude sorghum extract obtained by the above process, preferably sorghum methanol extract, is fractionated and concentrated with hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water to obtain sorghum hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions.

The present invention also provides an antimicrobial cosmetic composition containing a sorghum extract obtained by the above method and a fraction fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water as an active ingredient.

The antimicrobial cosmetic composition may be used in various ways, such as cosmetics, face wash and shampoo for the skin anti-aging effect. Examples of products to which the present composition can be added include cosmetics such as various creams, lotions, and skins, and shampoos, rinses, cleansing agents, face washes, soaps, treatments, and cosmetic liquids.

The cosmetic composition of the present invention comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of water-soluble vitamins, oil-soluble vitamins, polymer peptides, polymer polysaccharides, sphingolipids and seaweed extracts. Ingredients included in the cosmetic composition of the present invention may include components commonly used in cosmetic compositions in addition to the extract, fraction or compound as an active ingredient, for example, stabilizers, solubilizers, vitamins, pigments and flavors and Such conventional adjuvants and carriers. The antimicrobial cosmetic composition of the present invention may be prepared in any formulation commonly prepared in the art, and may preferably be a flexible lotion, a nourishing lotion, a nourishing cream, an essence, a pack, and a powder for a bath.

In addition, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for antimicrobial containing a sorghum extract obtained by the above-described method and fractions fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water as an active ingredient.

The antimicrobial pharmaceutical composition may further include appropriate carriers, excipients and diluents commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions.

The antimicrobial pharmaceutical composition may include 0.02 to 50% by weight of the extract or fraction based on the total weight of the composition. However, the content of the extract or fraction is not limited to the above values, it is preferable to properly adjust according to the method of use and formulation.

Pharmaceutical dosage forms of the extracts or fractions of the present invention may be used in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and may be used alone or in combination with other pharmaceutically active compounds as well as in a suitable collection.

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising extracts or fractions according to the present invention may be prepared according to conventional methods, respectively, in the form of powders, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, oral formulations, external preparations, suppositories, and sterile injectable solutions. It may be used in formulated form, but is not limited thereto, and may be appropriately adjusted depending on the method of use and use. Carriers, excipients and diluents that may be included in the composition comprising the extract or fraction include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, acacia rubber, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate , Calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil. When formulated, diluents or excipients such as fillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, and surfactants are usually used. Solid preparations for oral administration include tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules and the like, and such solid preparations may contain at least one excipient such as starch, calcium carbonate and sucrose in the extract or fraction. (sucrose), lactose (lactose), gelatin, etc. are mixed and prepared. In addition to simple excipients, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc are also used. Oral liquid preparations include suspensions, solvents, emulsions, and syrups, and may include various excipients, such as wetting agents, sweeteners, fragrances, and preservatives, in addition to commonly used simple diluents such as water and liquid paraffin. . Formulations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solvents, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilized preparations, suppositories. As the non-aqueous solvent and suspending agent, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oil such as olive oil, injectable ester such as ethyl oleate and the like can be used. As the base of the suppository, witepsol, macrogol, tween 61, cacao butter, laurin butter, glycerogelatin and the like can be used.

Preferred dosages of the extracts or fractions of the present invention vary depending on the condition and weight of the patient, the extent of the disease, the form of the drug, the route of administration and the duration, and may be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art. However, for the desired effect, the extract or fraction of the present invention is preferably administered at 0.0001 to 100 mg / kg, preferably at 0.001 to 100 mg / kg. Administration may be administered once a day or may be divided several times. The dosage does not limit the scope of the invention in any aspect.

Extracts or fractions of the invention can be administered to a variety of routes to mammals, such as mice, mice, livestock, humans. All modes of administration can be expected, for example by oral, rectal or intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrauterine dural or intracerebroventricular injection.

The present invention also provides an antimicrobial food additive containing sorghum extract obtained by the above method and a fraction fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water as an active ingredient.

Examples of foods to which the antimicrobial sorghum extract or fraction can be added include, for example, drink, meat, sausage, bread, chocolate, candy, snacks, confectionary, pizza, ramen, gum, ice cream, soup, beverage, alcoholic beverage. And vitamin complexes, but are not limited thereto. At this time, the amount of the extract or fraction in the food or beverage may be added in 0.01 to 15% by weight of the total food weight, the health beverage composition may be added in a ratio of 0.02 to 5g, preferably 0.3 to 1g based on 100ml. It is good to adjust according to food type and usage.

The antimicrobial composition comprising a sorghum extract according to the present invention as an active ingredient shows excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria. One example of bacteria is Serratia Marsense marcescens ), Fusobacterium nucleatum ), Vibrio parahemoliticus parahaemolyticus ), Prevotella intermedia intermedia ), Listeria monocytogenes ( Listeria monocytogenes ), Campylobacter jejuni ), Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli ), Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium ), Zygosaccharomyces spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp., Penicillium Penicillium spp., And Salmonella spp., But are not limited thereto. Preferably, Staphylococcus aureus ), Escherichia coli ), Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium ), and Klebsiella pneumoniae .

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the following examples are illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Materials and methods

1. Reagent for analysis

All solvents were used for analytical grade. Methanol was obtained from J. T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ. Trichloroacetic acid, potassium ferricyanide, potassium phosphate, ferric chloride, and sodium carbonate were used by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), alphatocopherol, BHA, BHT, and tetracycline were used by Sigma Chemical Co. St. Louis, Mo.

2. Plant materials and extraction

Sorghum cultivars were sourced from the Sillim Agricultural Cooperative (Gangwon-do, Korea). A confirmatory sample was deposited with reference number 2865 in the specimen tube of the University of Talca. Seeds were stored at 4 ° C. The sorghum cultivars used in the present invention are black wax sorghum, strain carpenter, maggot sorghum, maggot sorghum (alternate), little sorghum, corn sorghum, sorghum, wood sorghum, mallow sorghum, red sorghum, red jangsoo, red jangsu Sorghum, red sorghum, non-root sorghum, transportation sorghum, sorghum, general sorghum, longwood sorghum, longevity, native sorghum, squirrel sorghum, sorghum (RDA), sorghum (2), hyeinsu, and hyeinsu sorghum. About 2 g of the seed of each cultivar was finely ground with a homogenizer and extracted with 100% methanol for 24 hours at room temperature. Each mixture was filtered through filter paper (Whatman No. 42) to remove debris and the extract was evaporated at 40 ° C. using a rotary evaporator. The crude extract was suspended in water and successively fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water.

3. Double staircase dilution  analysis ( Two fold dilution assay )

Five bacterial strains and one fungal strain were used in the present invention: Bacillus subtilis subtilis ), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium ), Keurep when Ella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Candida albicans (Candida albicans ). All strains Obtained from BioHub Central Research Institute (Kangwon National University, Korea). The bacteria were incubated in liquid medium at appropriate temperatures. Bacterial strains were shaken for 12 hours at 37 ° C. or 30 ° C. in mononuclear, nutrient, and YM media.

Double step dilution assay was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 25 sorghum cultivars. Inoculum was prepared by diluting a 12 hour culture of bacterial strains 100 times with nutrient broth (Kobayashi et al., 1993, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 57, 1034-1046). The extract was diluted to the highest concentration (500 mg / ml) for irradiation and diluted in two steps over a concentration range from 7.8 to 500 mg / ml. 96-well plates were prepared and distributed to each well 180 ml of diluted inoculum. 20 ml of each extract (prepared at 500 mg / ml) was added to the wells of the first series. Next, 100 ml of each step dilution was placed in six consecutive wells. The final dose of each well was 100 ml. The contents of each well were mixed for 20 seconds at 300 rpm with a plate shaker and allowed to stand at an appropriate temperature for 24 hours. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each complex was defined as the lowest concentration that inhibited microbial growth. Bacterial growth was assessed based on visual turbidity. Tetracycline and ketoconazole were used as standard antibiotics.

4. Paper Disc Diffusion Analysis

The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and fractions was determined by paper disc diffusion assay. Pathogen and fungal strains were incubated for 20 hours in liquid medium until the final concentration was 10 ^{6-10 7} CFU / mL. Next, 0.1 ml of test microorganisms were spread on the surface of the agar plate. Sterile filter paper discs were soaked at 10,000 ppm with 50 ml of methanol extract and various fractions. The wet disk was placed in the center of the plate and incubated for 24 hours, and the diameter (mm) of each inhibitory ring was measured. The same solvent used for dissolving the plant extract was used as a negative control.

5. Statistical Analysis

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine whether there was a significant difference between activity and concentration of the sample, and P <0.05 was applied to the statistical significance test.

Example  1. Selected Cultivated  Antimicrobial activity

Antimicrobial activity of various fractions of sorghum extracts was evaluated by double-step dilution assay and species binary plate diffusion assay. Variations in the antimicrobial properties of plant extracts and fractions were observed (Table 1). In general, the methanol extract was more effective than that fraction. The most effective were extracts of cornflower (methanol extract and ethyl acetate layer) and red waxy water (methanol extract) with 250 mg / ml and 500 mg / ml MIC, respectively. Splendid water is especially useful for Staphylococcus aureus It showed the best antimicrobial activity against. Dryopteris crassirhizoma ), Sophora flavescens , Pinus densiflora densiflora ), and extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis , have been proposed as antimicrobials against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Eum & Park, 2007, Journal of Experimental Biomedical Science, 13, 189-195). Ethyl acetate fractions purified from starch extracts of some species of the Mongolian flora were especially found in Staphylococcus aureus. It showed an effective antimicrobial effect against (Gonchig et al., 2008, Natural Product Sciences, 14, 1-2).

Comparison of the susceptibility of bacterial strains to sorghum extract and its fractions showed the strongest inhibitory effect against E. coli. However, none of the cultivars did not show anti-fungal or anti-Candida (Candida) active sex. More detailed data on the antimicrobial activity of the extract was obtained by paper disc diffusion assay (Table 2 and Figure 1). The maximum inhibitory zones for each of the microorganisms sensitive to extracts and fractions of black corn, black ram, longevity, and red wax water were in the range of 2.0-10.5, 5.0-9.0, 2.5-11.0, and 6.0-11.5 mm, respectively. (Table 2 and FIG. 1). More inhibition was seen with the methanol extract compared to the other fractions. Among the four cultivars, methanol extract of red waxed sorghum showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the investigated microorganisms. Similarly, methanol extracts of longevity and longevity showed significant antibacterial or antifungal activity against all investigated microorganisms except Bacillus subtilis . In contrast, the methanol extract of black waxed sorghum was found on C. albicans . Only active. Ethanol and aqueous extracts extracted from 10 of the 20 Palestinic acid plants used for folk remedies were active against Candida albicans (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 1998, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 60, 265-271). The antifungal properties of origanum oil have been tested in vitro against Candida albicans. vitro) and in vivo (in The findings in vivo) (Manohar et al., 2001, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 228, 111-117), was completely inhibited the growth of Candida albicans at plagued by lice numyu 0.25 mg / ㎖.

In the organic solvent fraction, the longevity hexane layer showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In comparison, the ethyl acetate and butanol layers of black waxed water were compared to Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium, respectively. It showed significant antimicrobial activity. However, it has been reported that n-butanol purified saponin extract of S. bicolor shows antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Soetan et al., 2006, African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 2405- 2407). The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts depends on the presence of various secondary metabolites as well as phenolic compounds (Gordana et al., 2007, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 8, 1013-1027). Although sorghum has been reported to have the highest activity against E. coli, tannic acid was also effective (Lee et al., 1994, Korea Journal of Nutrition, 27, 819-827). The results indicate that the antimicrobial activity of sorghum is due to the presence of tannic acid. Other phenolic acid-like phenols will contribute to plant defense against pests and pathogens (Awika & Rooney, 2004, Phytochemistry 65, 1199-1221).

Table 1.Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of Methanol Extracts and Their Fractions of Selected Plants

Cultivated species Fraction layer MIC ^{a )} (μg / ml) Bacterial strains (Gram positive bacteria) Bacterial strains (Gram negative bacteria) leaven S. a ^{b )} B. s ^{b )} S. t ^{b )} K. p ^{b )} E. c ^{b )} C. a ^{b )} Black wax
Sorghum Methanol extract 1000 1000 1000 500 1000 <1000 Hexane layer <1000 500 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Ethyl acetate layer <1000 500 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Butanol layer 1000 1000 1000 1000 500 <1000 Water layer <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 500 <1000 Red scratch
Sorghum Methanol extract 500 500 500 500 500 <1000 Hexane layer <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Ethyl acetate layer <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Butanol layer 1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 1000 <1000 Water layer <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Long live
Sorghum Methanol extract 500 500 1000 500 500 <1000 Hexane layer <1000 1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Ethyl acetate layer 1000 1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Butanol layer 1000 1000 1000 1000 500 <1000 Water layer <1000 1000 <1000 <1000 500 <1000 Count Methanol extract 250 250 500 500 250 <1000 Hexane layer <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Ethyl acetate layer 250 <1000 500 <1000 500 <1000 Butanol layer 1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Water layer 1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 <1000 Tetracycline 8 8 8 8 8 - Ketoconazole - - - - - 250 ^a) MIC values for bacteria and yeast are determined by double step dilution
^b) Sa: Staphylococcus aureus , Bs: Bacillus subtilis , St: Salmonella typhimurium , Kp: Klebsiella pneumonia , Ec: Escherichia coli, Ca: Candida albicans .

Table 2. Inhibitory Effects of Sorghum Extracts and Their Fractions on Microorganisms

Cultivated species Fraction layer Restraining ring (mm) Bacterial strains (Gram positive bacteria) Bacterial strains (Gram negative bacteria) leaven S. a ^{One )} B. s ^{One )} S. t ^{One )} K. p ^{One )} E. c ^{One )} C. a ^{One )} Black Waxful Methanol extract - - - - - 7.5 ± 0.7 Hexane layer - - - - - Ethyl acetate layer 9.0 ± 0.7 - - - - - Butanol layer - - 5.0 ± 0.0 - - 7.0 ± 0.0 Water layer 6.0 ± 1.4 - - - - - Red Striker Methanol extract 6.0 ± 0.0 11.5 ± 2.1 8.0 ± 0.0 9.0 ± 1.4 7.5 ± 0.7 7.0 ± 0.0 Hexane layer - - - - - - Ethyl acetate layer - - - - - - Butanol layer - - - - - - Water layer 6.0 ± 0.0 - 7.5 ± 0.7 5.5 ± 0.7 8.0 ± 0.0 - Long live
Sorghum Methanol extract 6.0 ± 0.0 - 5.0 ± 0.0 6.0 ± 1.4 11.0 ± 1.4 2.5 ± 0.7 Hexane layer 7.5 ± 0.7 - - - - - Ethyl acetate layer - - - - - - Butanol layer - - - - - - Water layer 4.5 ± 0.7 - 5.0 ± 0.0 - 6.0 ± 1.4 2.5 ± 0.7 Count Methanol extract 2.0 ± 1.4 - 6.0 ± 0.0 10.5 ± 0.7 10.5 ± 2.1 10.0 ± 1.4 Hexane layer - - - - - - Ethyl acetate layer - - - - - - Butanol layer - - - - - - Water layer - - - - - 8.0 ± 0.0 Tetracycline 17.5 ± 0.7 35.0 ± 0.0 21.0 ± 1.4 20.0 ± 1.4 24.0 ± 1.4 - Ketoconazole - - - - - 32.5 ± 0.7 ¹ Sa: Staphylococcus aureus ), Bs: Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis), St: Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium ) , Kp: Klebsiella pneumonia), Ec: E. coli, Ca: Candida albicans (Candida albicans ).
-: No inhibition.

Figure 1 shows the inhibitory effect of sorghum methanol extract and its fractions on microorganisms in paper disc diffusion assay. (A) Staphylococcus aureus ), (B) Escherichia coli, (C) Salmonella typhimurium , (D) Klebsiella pneumonia), (E) Candida albicans (Candida albicans ), (F) Bacillus subtilis subtilis ), 1, negative control, 2, positive control, A3, black sorghum ethyl acetate, A4, sorghum hexane, B3, sorghum methanol, B4, corn sorghum methanol, C3: red sorghum methanol, C4 red sorghum water, D3 , Soo soo methanol, D4, soo soo methanol, E3, soo soo methanol, E4, soo soo water, F3, soo soo soo methanol.

Claims (12)

Sorghum with Antibacterial Activity Extracted from Lower Alcohol bicolor Moench) extract. The extract of claim 1, wherein the lower alcohol is methanol. According to claim 1, wherein the sorghum extract, characterized in that the black wax sorghum, red wax sorghum, long sorghum or elongated sorghum. The extract according to claim 2, wherein the extract is extracted with methanol and then fractionated with a solvent selected from the group consisting of hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Antimicrobial cosmetic composition containing an extract of any one of claims 1 to 4 as an active ingredient. The method of claim 5, wherein the composition is Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli ), Salmonella typhimurium ( Salmonella typhimurium ), and Klebsiella pneumoniae antimicrobial cosmetic composition for a strain selected from the group consisting of. 6. The cosmetic composition according to claim 5, wherein the cosmetic composition has a formulation selected from the group consisting of flexible lotion, nourishing lotion, nourishing cream, essence, pack, and bath powder. A pharmaceutical composition for antimicrobial containing the extract of claim 1 as an active ingredient. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition is Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli ), Salmonella typhimurium ( Salmonella typhimurium ), and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( Klebsiella pneumoniae ) of the antimicrobial pharmaceutical composition for a strain selected from the group consisting of. Food additive for antimicrobial containing the extract of any one of Claims 1-4 as an active ingredient. The method of claim 10, wherein the antimicrobial food additive Staphylococcus aureus ), Escherichia coli ), An antimicrobial food additive for a strain selected from the group consisting of Salmonella typhimurium , and Klebsiella pneumoniae . The method of claim 10, wherein the food additive is selected from the group consisting of drink, meat, sausage, bread, chocolate, candy, snacks, confectionery, pizza, ramen, gum, ice cream, soup, beverage, alcoholic beverage and vitamin complex Food additives, characterized in that added to the food.

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