KR20100098166A - Lng fpso: lng floating production storage offloading - Google Patents

Lng fpso: lng floating production storage offloading Download PDF

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KR20100098166A
KR20100098166A KR1020090017200A KR20090017200A KR20100098166A KR 20100098166 A KR20100098166 A KR 20100098166A KR 1020090017200 A KR1020090017200 A KR 1020090017200A KR 20090017200 A KR20090017200 A KR 20090017200A KR 20100098166 A KR20100098166 A KR 20100098166A
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gas
natural gas
liquefied natural
pipe
facility
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KR101110864B1 (en
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서광수
안만희
이동현
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삼성중공업 주식회사
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver

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Abstract

PURPOSE: An LNG floating production storage facility is provided to prevent evaporative gas from burring or emitting by appropriately processing evaporative gas according to the amount of the evaporative gas. CONSTITUTION: An LNG floating production storage facility comprises an engine(10), a convey equipment(20), a liquefying device(30), a gas turbine, a flash tank(40), a storage tank, a transmission pipe(60), and a connection pipe(70). The convey equipment transfers natural gas. The liquefying device liquefies natural gas transferred from the convey equipment. The gas turbine drives the liquefying device. The flash tank keeps liquefied natural gas heat-exchanged by the liquefying device. The storage tank stores the liquefied natural gas stabilized in the flash tank. The transmission pipe transmits the evaporative gas to the engine. The connection pipe connects the transmission pipe and the gas turbine.

Description

부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비{LNG FPSO: LNG Floating Production Storage Offloading} LNG FPSO: LNG Floating Production Storage Offloading

본 발명은 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에서 발생되는 증발가스를 처리할 수 있는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에서 발생하는 증발가스의 양에 따라 효율적으로 대응할 수 있는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility that can process the evaporated gas generated from a floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility, and more specifically, the evaporated gas generated from a floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility The present invention relates to a floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility that can respond efficiently according to the amount of.

일반적으로 LNG(액화천연가스)는 'Liquefied Natural Gas'약자로 메탄을 주성분으로 하는 혼합가스이며, 천연가스를 냉각해서 액화한 것이다.In general, LNG (liquefied natural gas) stands for 'Liquefied Natural Gas' and is a mixed gas mainly composed of methane, and is liquefied by cooling natural gas.

액화천연가스의 경우 연소 시 오염물질이 거의 배출되지 않으며, 최근 생산과 이송기술이 발달함 따라 그 사용량이 급격히 증가하고 있다.In the case of liquefied natural gas, almost no pollutants are emitted during combustion, and the amount of liquefied natural gas is rapidly increasing due to the development of production and transportation technology.

이러한 액화천연가스를 생산하거나 이송하기 위해 재기화 액화천연가스 운반선(LNG RV)이나 부유식 액화천연가스저장 및 재기화선(FSRU), 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비(LNG FPSO)와 같은 설비들이 등장하고 있다.In order to produce or transport such liquefied natural gas, facilities such as re-liquefied liquefied natural gas carriers (LNG RV), floating liquefied natural gas storage and regasification vessels (FSRU), and floating liquefied natural gas production storage facilities (LNG FPSO) Is appearing.

액화천연가스의 경우 -162℃의 극저온의 액체상태로 운반하게 되는데, 액화천연가스의 기화점은 -162℃로 극히 낮기 때문에 액화천연가스의 기화를 막기 위해서는 철저한 단열이 필요하다.In case of liquefied natural gas, it is transported in the cryogenic liquid state of -162 ℃. Since the vaporization point of liquefied natural gas is extremely low as -162 ℃, thorough insulation is required to prevent the vaporization of liquefied natural gas.

그러나, 완전한 단열은 실질적으로 불가능하고 액화천연가스를 운반하는 선박이 운행하는 동안 액화천연가스 중 일정량이 증발가스로 변하게 된다. 따라서, 일반적인 액화천연가스 운반선의 경우는 액화천연가스를 저장하는 저장탱크에서 발생된 증발가스를 처리할 수 있는 장치를 가지게 된다.However, complete insulation is practically impossible and a certain amount of liquefied natural gas is converted to boil off gas while the vessel carrying the liquefied natural gas is in operation. Therefore, the general liquefied natural gas carrier has a device capable of treating the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank for storing the liquefied natural gas.

하지만, 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비의 경우 액화천연가스 저장탱크에서뿐만 아니라, 다른 곳에서도 증발가스가 발생된다. 따라서, 발생하는 증발가스의 양이 많게 된다.However, in the case of floating LNG production storage facilities, not only in the LNG storage tank, but also in other places, the evaporation gas is generated. Therefore, the amount of boil-off gas generated becomes large.

부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에서는 천연가스를 생산하여 바로 액화천연가스 저장탱크로 투입하여 저장하지 않고, 불안정한 상태의 액화천연가스를 걸러내기 위해 플래쉬 탱크(flash tank)에 임시적으로 보관한 뒤 액화천연가스 저장탱크로 저장하게 된다. 상기 플래쉬 탱크에 저장된 액화천연가스 중에서 불안정한 상태의 액화천연가스는 증발하여 증발가스로 변하게 된다.Floating liquefied natural gas production storage facilities do not store natural gas directly into liquefied natural gas storage tanks, but store them temporarily in a flash tank to filter out unstable liquefied natural gas. It is stored in a natural gas storage tank. Among the liquefied natural gas stored in the flash tank, the liquefied natural gas in an unstable state is evaporated and converted into an evaporated gas.

또한, 상기 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에 저장된 액화천연가스를 액화천연가스 운반선으로 이동시킬 때, 이동하는 액화천연가스 중 일부는 온도가 상승하여 증발가스로 변하게 되는데, 이와 같은 증발가스는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비로 회수된다.In addition, when the liquefied natural gas stored in the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility is moved to the liquefied natural gas carrier, some of the moving liquefied natural gas is changed to evaporation gas due to the temperature rise, such evaporated gas is floating It is returned to the liquefied natural gas production storage facility.

이와 같이 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비의 경우 많은 양의 증발가스가 발생하게 되므로 발생된 증발가스를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 것이 바람직하다.Thus, in the case of the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility it is desirable to be able to efficiently process the generated boil-off gas because a large amount of boil-off gas is generated.

본 발명은 많은 양의 증발가스가 발생하는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에서 발생된 증발가스를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 장치를 가지는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비를 제공한다.The present invention provides a floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility having a device capable of efficiently processing the evaporated gas generated in a floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility generating a large amount of evaporated gas.

본 발명에 따른 증발가스 처리장치는 엔진과, 천연가스를 이송하기 위한 이송설비와, 상기 이송설비에서 이송된 천연가스를 액화시키는 액화장치와, 상기 액화장치를 구동하는 가스 터빈과, 상기 이송설비에서 이송된 천연가스가 상기 액화장치에서 열교환되어 형성된 액화천연가스를 임시적으로 보관하는 플래쉬 탱크와, 상기 플래쉬 탱크에서 안정화된 액화천연가스를 저장하는 저장탱크와, 상기 저장탱크에 저장된 액화천연가스가 하역되는 설비, 상기 플래쉬 탱크와 상기 저장탱크 중 적어도 하나에서 발생된 증발가스를 상기 엔진으로 전송하는 전송관과, 상기 엔진에서 사용하고 남은 여분의 증발가스를 상기 가스 터빈으로 이송하기 위해 상기 전송관과 상기 가스 터빈을 연결하는 연결관을 포함한다.An evaporative gas treatment apparatus according to the present invention includes an engine, a transfer facility for transferring natural gas, a liquefaction apparatus for liquefying natural gas transferred from the transfer facility, a gas turbine for driving the liquefaction apparatus, and the transfer facility. A flash tank for temporarily storing liquefied natural gas formed by heat exchange in the liquefaction apparatus, a storage tank for storing liquefied natural gas stabilized in the flash tank, and liquefied natural gas stored in the storage tank. A facility for unloading the facility, a transmission pipe for transmitting the boil-off gas generated in at least one of the flash tank and the storage tank to the engine, and the transfer pipe for transferring the excess boil-off gas used in the engine to the gas turbine. And a connection pipe connecting the gas turbine.

이때, 상기 전송관 및 상기 연결관 상에는 저압의 증발가스를 압축하여 고압의 증발가스로 변경시키는 압축기가 설치될 수 있다.In this case, a compressor for compressing a low pressure evaporation gas to a high pressure evaporation gas may be installed on the transmission pipe and the connection pipe.

또한, 상기 엔진 및 상기 가스 터빈에서 사용하고 남은 여분의 증발가스를 재액화시기 위해 상기 연결관과 상기 이송설비에서 상기 액화장치로 유입되는 유입관을 연결하는 분지관을 구비한다.In addition, a branch pipe is connected between the connecting pipe and the inlet pipe flowing from the transfer facility to the liquefaction device in order to reliquefy the excess boil-off gas used in the engine and the gas turbine.

또한, 발생된 증발가스의 합이 상기 엔진 및 상기 가스 터빈에서 소모되는 증발가스의 양보다 적은 경우 상기 이송설비에서 상기 가스 터빈으로 천연가스를 공급하기 위해 상기 연결관과 상기 유입관을 연결하는 공급관을 더 구비한다.In addition, when the sum of the generated boil-off gas is less than the amount of boil-off gas consumed in the engine and the gas turbine, a supply pipe connecting the connecting pipe and the inlet pipe to supply natural gas from the transfer facility to the gas turbine It is further provided.

그리고, 상기 분지관과 상기 공급관에는 각각 가스의 흐름을 단속하는 밸브가 설치되는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the branch pipe and the supply pipe are preferably provided with a valve for regulating the flow of gas, respectively.

본 발명에 따른 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에 의하면 발생된 증발가스의 양에 따라 증발가스를 적절히 처리할 수 있으므로 증발가스를 불필요하게 강제 연소시키거나 방출하는 것을 방지할 수 있다.According to the floating liquefied natural gas production and storage facility according to the present invention can be properly treated according to the amount of generated boil-off gas, it is possible to prevent unnecessary forced combustion or release of the boil-off gas.

이하에서는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예에 따른 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, a floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비(LNG FPSO: LNG Floating Production Storage Offloading)는 천연가스를 생산할 뿐만 아니라, 생산된 천연가스를 액화시켜 저장할 수 있는 기능을 가진다.LNG Floating Production Storage Offloading (LNG FPSO) not only produces natural gas but also has the ability to liquefy and store the produced natural gas.

도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에 구비되는 각종 구성을 도식적으로 표현한 것이다.1 is a schematic representation of various configurations provided in the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비는 동력을 발생시키는 엔진(10)과, 채굴된 천연가스를 해상에서 부유식 액화천연가스 생산저장 설비로 이송하는 이송설비(20)와, 상기 이송설비(20)로부터 이송된 천연가스를 액화시켜 액화천연가스로 바꾸는 액화장치(30)와, 상기 액화장치(30)에 의해 액화된 액화천연가스를 임시적으로 저장하는 플래쉬 탱크(40)와, 상기 플래쉬 탱크(40)에 저장된 액화천연가스 중에서 안정화된 액화천연가스가 저장되는 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50)를 구비한다.As shown in FIG. 1, the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility includes an engine 10 for generating power, a transfer facility 20 for transferring the mined natural gas to the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility at sea, and , A liquefaction apparatus 30 for liquefying natural gas transferred from the transfer facility 20 to liquefied natural gas, and a flash tank 40 for temporarily storing liquefied natural gas liquefied by the liquefaction apparatus 30. And a liquefied natural gas storage tank 50 in which the liquefied natural gas stabilized in the liquefied natural gas stored in the flash tank 40 is stored.

엔진(10)은 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에서 발생된 증발가스를 연료로 사용할 수 있도록 이중 연료 엔진으로 형성되는 것이 바람직하다. 여기서 이중 연료 엔진은 상황에 따라 기름과 가스를 모두 사용할 수 있는 엔진이다.The engine 10 is preferably formed as a dual fuel engine so that the boil-off gas generated in the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility can be used as fuel. The dual fuel engine is an engine that can use both oil and gas depending on the situation.

액화장치(30)는 이송설비(20)에서 이송된 천연가스를 냉각시킴으로써 천연가스를 액화천연가스로 만들게 된다.The liquefaction apparatus 30 makes natural gas into liquefied natural gas by cooling the natural gas conveyed from the transfer facility 20.

상기 액화장치(30)는 질소를 압축하는 압축기(31)와, 상기 압축기(31)에서 압축된 질소를 팽창시키는 팽창기(32)와, 상기 팽창기(32)에서 팽창된 저온 질소를 열교환하는 열교환기(33)와, 상기 압축기(31), 팽창기(32), 열교환기(33)를 서로 연결하여 냉매인 질소가 순환하여 냉매 사이클을 형성하도록 하는 냉매관(34)을 포함한다. 상기 열교환기(33)에서는 팽창된 질소가 증발을 하면서 주위의 열을 빼앗게 된다. 따라서, 상기 열교환기(33)는 냉각기(35)의 일부를 이루게 된다.The liquefaction apparatus 30 includes a compressor 31 for compressing nitrogen, an expander 32 for expanding nitrogen compressed by the compressor 31, and a heat exchanger for exchanging low temperature nitrogen expanded by the expander 32. And a refrigerant pipe 34 which connects the compressor 31, the expander 32, and the heat exchanger 33 to each other to circulate nitrogen to form a refrigerant cycle. In the heat exchanger (33), the expanded nitrogen evaporates away the surrounding heat. Thus, the heat exchanger 33 forms part of the cooler 35.

천연가스의 액화 온도는 -162℃ 이므로, 상기 천연가스를 액화시키기 위해서 질소를 냉매로 사용하게 된다.Since the liquefaction temperature of natural gas is -162 ℃, nitrogen is used as a refrigerant to liquefy the natural gas.

질소를 압축하는 압축기(31)는 고압의 가스(50bar 이상)에 의해 구동되는 가스 터빈(36)과 연결되어 구동력을 전달받게 된다.Compressor 31 for compressing nitrogen is connected to the gas turbine 36 driven by a high pressure gas (50 bar or more) is to receive a driving force.

이송설비(20)에서 이송된 천연가스는 유입관(21)을 통해 유입되어 냉각기(35)의 내부에 위치하는 열교환기(22)에서 냉각되어 액화천연가스로 변하게 된 후 유출관(23)을 거쳐 플래쉬 탱크(40)에 저장된다.The natural gas transferred from the transfer facility 20 is introduced through the inlet pipe 21 to be cooled in the heat exchanger 22 positioned inside the cooler 35 to be converted into liquefied natural gas, and then the outlet pipe 23 is opened. It is stored in the flash tank 40 via.

상기 플래쉬 탱크(40)는 천연가스가 냉각되어 액화된 액화천연가스가 임시적으로 저장되는 탱크이다. 상기 플래쉬 탱크(40)를 구비하는 이유는 액체로 변한 천연가스 중에서 상태가 불안전한 것은 다시 기화되기 때문에 안정된 상태를 가지는 액화천연가스만을 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50)로 저장하기 위함이다.The flash tank 40 is a tank in which liquefied natural gas liquefied by storing natural gas is temporarily stored. The reason why the flash tank 40 is provided is to store only the liquefied natural gas having a stable state as the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50 because the unstable state of the natural gas changed into liquid is vaporized again.

따라서, 소정 시간이 지난 후 상기 플래쉬 탱크(40)에 남아 있는 안정된 액화천연가스 만을 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50)로 이동시켜 저장한다.Therefore, after a predetermined time, only the stable liquefied natural gas remaining in the flash tank 40 is moved to the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50 and stored.

이와 같은 구성을 가지는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에서 많은 양의 증발가스가 발생하게 된다.In the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility having such a configuration will generate a large amount of boil-off gas.

액화천연가스의 기화점은 -162℃이므로, 액화천연가스를 보관하는 탱크로 열이 유입되어 증발가스가 발생하게 된다.Since the vaporization point of the liquefied natural gas is -162 ℃, heat is introduced into the tank for storing the liquefied natural gas to generate the evaporated gas.

이와 같은 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에서 증발가스가 발생하는 요인은 크게 3가지이다.There are three main factors in which boil-off gas is generated in such floating LNG storage facilities.

첫째, 플래쉬 탱크(40)에서 발생하는 증발가스이다. 상기 플래쉬 탱크(40)에 임시적으로 저장되는 액화천연가스는 천연가스가 냉각기(35)에서 냉각되어 액화된 것으로 플래쉬 탱크(40)에 저장되는 액화천연가스 중 일부는 그 상태가 불안정하다. 따라서, 액화천연가스 중 일부는 증발되어 증발가스로 변하게 된다.First, it is the boil-off gas generated in the flash tank 40. The liquefied natural gas temporarily stored in the flash tank 40 is liquefied by natural gas being cooled in the cooler 35, and some of the liquefied natural gas stored in the flash tank 40 are unstable. Therefore, some of the liquefied natural gas is evaporated to change into the evaporated gas.

둘째, 저장탱크(50)에서 발생하는 증발가스이다. 저장탱크(50)는 내부에 저장된 액화천연가스가 주위의 열과 단열하도록 단열재를 구비하여 만들어지는데, 상기 저장탱크(50) 내부를 완전하게 단열시키는 것은 실질적으로 불가능하므로 액화천연가스를 저장하는 동안 저장탱크(50)에 저장된 액화천연가스 중 일부가 증발하여 증발가스로 변하게 된다.Second, the evaporation gas generated in the storage tank (50). The storage tank 50 is made with a heat insulating material to insulate the liquefied natural gas stored therein, and it is practically impossible to completely insulate the inside of the storage tank 50, so it is stored while storing the liquefied natural gas. Some of the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank 50 is evaporated to change into the evaporated gas.

셋째, 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비의 저장탱크(50)에 저장된 액화천연가스를 액화천연가스 운반선(100)의 저장탱크로 하역할 때 발생하는 증발가스이다.Third, the liquefied natural gas stored in the storage tank 50 of the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility is the evaporated gas generated when unloading the storage tank of the liquefied natural gas carrier 100.

부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비의 저장탱크(50)에 저장된 액화천연가스를 액화천연가스 운반선(100)의 저장탱크로 옮길 때 이송 파이프 등을 사용하게 되는데, 액화천연가스가 상기 이송 파이프를 통해 이동할 때, 주위의 열과 열교환되거나, 충분히 냉각되지 않은 액화천연가스 운반선의 탱크 등 여러 가지 이유로 증발가스가 발생된다.When the liquefied natural gas stored in the storage tank 50 of the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility is transferred to the storage tank of the liquefied natural gas carrier 100, a transfer pipe is used, and the liquefied natural gas is transferred through the transfer pipe. When moving, boil-off gas is generated for a variety of reasons, such as a tank of a liquefied natural gas carrier that is heat-exchanged with the surrounding heat or is not sufficiently cooled.

이와 같이 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비의 저장탱크(50)에서 다른 저장탱크로 액화천연가스를 옮길 때 발생되는 증발가스는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비로 다시 회수된다.As such, the evaporated gas generated when the liquefied natural gas is transferred from the storage tank 50 of the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility to another storage tank is recovered back to the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비는 상기와 같 이 발생된 증발가스를 효율적이고 안전하게 처리할 수 있도록 한다.Floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility according to an embodiment of the present invention to efficiently and safely process the generated evaporated gas as described above.

엔진(10)은 증발가스를 연료로 사용할 수 있으므로 플래쉬 탱크(40), 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50) 및 액화천연가스 운반선(100)에서 발생된 증발가스를 엔진으로 이송하기 위한 전송관(60)을 가진다.Since the engine 10 may use boil-off gas as fuel, the transmission pipe 60 for transferring the boil-off gas generated from the flash tank 40, the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50, and the liquefied natural gas carrier 100 to the engine 60. )

상기 전송관(60) 상에는 플래쉬 탱크(40), 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50) 및 액화천연가스 운반선(100) 등에서 발생된 증발가스를 가압하여 엔진(10)으로 보내기 위한 압축기(61)가 설치된다.The compressor 61 is installed on the transmission pipe 60 to pressurize the evaporated gas generated from the flash tank 40, the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50, and the liquefied natural gas carrier 100 and send it to the engine 10. do.

상기 압축기(61)는 증발가스를 상기 엔진(10)을 동작시키기 위해 필요한 6.5bar 정도의 압력으로 압축한 후 상기 엔진(10)으로 증발가스를 보내게 된다.The compressor 61 compresses the boil-off gas to a pressure of about 6.5 bar necessary for operating the engine 10 and sends the boil-off gas to the engine 10.

이를 위해 상기 압축기(61)는 2단계 원심압축방식(two stage centrifugal type)이 적용될 수 있다.To this end, the compressor 61 may be a two stage centrifugal type.

한편, 상기 플래쉬 탱크(40), 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50) 및 액화천연가스 운반선(100)에 발생된 증발가스의 합이 상기 엔진(10)에서 소비되는 증발가스의 양보다 많을 수 있다.On the other hand, the sum of the boil-off gas generated in the flash tank 40, the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50 and the liquefied natural gas carrier ship 100 may be greater than the amount of boil-off gas consumed in the engine 10.

이와 같이 상기 엔진(10)에서 사용하고 남은 여분의 증발가스를 이용하기 위해 전송관(60)과 가스 터빈(36)을 연결하는 연결관(70)을 구비한다.Thus, the connection pipe 70 is connected to the transmission pipe 60 and the gas turbine 36 in order to use the extra boil-off gas remaining in the engine 10.

상기 연결관(70) 상에는 저압의 증발가스를 고압의 증발가스로 압축하여 가스 터빈(36)으로 보내는 압축기(71)가 설치된다. 가스 터빈(36)의 경우 엔진(10)과는 달리 50bar 이상의 초고압의 가스를 연료로 한다. 따라서, 연결관(70)에 설치된 압축기(71)는 전송관(60)에 설치된 압축기(61)보다 큰 용량을 가지는 것이 바람직 하다.On the connection pipe 70, a compressor 71 compresses low-pressure evaporated gas into high-pressure evaporated gas and sends it to the gas turbine 36. In the case of the gas turbine 36, unlike the engine 10, a gas of ultra-high pressure of 50 bar or more is used as a fuel. Therefore, the compressor 71 installed in the connection pipe 70 preferably has a larger capacity than the compressor 61 installed in the transmission pipe 60.

한편, 플래쉬 탱크(40), 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50) 및 액화천연가스 운반선(100) 등에서 발생된 증발가스의 합이 엔진(10) 및 가스 터빈(36)에서 소비되는 증발가스의 양보다 많을 수가 있다.On the other hand, the sum of the boil-off gas generated by the flash tank 40, the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50, the liquefied natural gas carrier ship 100, and the like than the amount of the boil-off gas consumed by the engine 10 and the gas turbine 36 There can be many.

이 경우 엔진(10) 및 가스 터빈(36)에서 소비되고 남는 증발가스를 재액화시키기 위해 연결관(70)과 유입관(21)을 연결하는 분지관(80)을 구비한다.In this case, a branch pipe 80 is connected to the connection pipe 70 and the inlet pipe 21 to reliquefy the evaporated gas remaining in the engine 10 and the gas turbine 36.

상기 분지관(80) 상에는 상기 연결관(70)에서 유입관(21)으로 유입되는 증발가스의 출입을 단속하는 밸브(81)가 설치된다. 상기 밸브(81)는 증발가스의 출입을 단속하는 동시에 증발가스가 연결관(70)에서 분지관(80) 쪽으로만 흐르도록 한다.On the branch pipe 80, a valve 81 for controlling the entry and exit of the boil-off gas flowing into the inlet pipe 21 from the connecting pipe 70 is installed. The valve 81 controls the entry and exit of the boil-off gas and at the same time allows the boil-off gas to flow only from the connecting pipe 70 toward the branch pipe 80.

엔진(10) 및 가스 터빈(36)에서 증발가스를 소비하고 남는 경우, 상기 밸브(81)를 개방하여 남은 증발가스를 유입관(21)으로 유도한다. 상기 유입관(21)으로 유입된 증발가스는 열교환기(22)를 지나면서 액화되고 플래쉬 탱크(40)에 임시적으로 저장된 후, 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50)에 저장된다. When the engine 10 and the gas turbine 36 consumes the boil-off gas, the valve 81 is opened to guide the remaining boil-off gas to the inlet pipe 21. The evaporated gas introduced into the inlet pipe 21 is liquefied while passing through the heat exchanger 22 and temporarily stored in the flash tank 40, and then stored in the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50.

이와 같이 엔진(10) 및 가스 터빈(36)에서 소비하고 남은 증발가스를 재기화시킬 수 있으므로 증발가스를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있다.In this way, since the remaining boil-off gas consumed by the engine 10 and the gas turbine 36 can be regasified, the boil-off gas can be efficiently processed.

이와 반대로 플래쉬 탱크(40), 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50) 및 액화천연가스 운반선(100) 등에서 발생된 증발가스의 합이 엔진(10) 및 가스 터빈(36)에서 소모되는 양보다 적을 경우, 이송설비(20)에서 이송된 천연가스를 상기 가스 터빈(36)으로 공급하기 위해 유입관(21)과 연결관(70)을 연결하는 공급관(90)이 구비된다.On the contrary, if the sum of the boil-off gas generated from the flash tank 40, the liquefied natural gas storage tank 50, and the liquefied natural gas carrier 100 is less than the amount consumed by the engine 10 and the gas turbine 36, In order to supply the natural gas transferred from the transport facility 20 to the gas turbine 36, a supply pipe 90 is connected to the inlet pipe 21 and the connection pipe 70.

상기 공급관(90)에는 유입관(21)에서 연결관(70)으로 유입되는 증발가스의 출입을 단속하는 밸브(91)가 설치된다. 상기 밸브(91)는 증발가스의 출입을 단속하는 동시에 증발가스가 유입관(21)에서 연결관(70) 쪽으로만 흐르도록 한다.The supply pipe 90 is provided with a valve 91 to control the entry and exit of the boil-off gas flowing into the connecting pipe 70 from the inlet pipe 21. The valve 91 controls the entry and exit of the boil-off gas while allowing the boil-off gas to flow only from the inlet pipe 21 toward the connection pipe 70.

엔진(10)의 경우 미스트와 같은 성분이 유입되면 고장이 날 수도 있기 때문에 엔진(10)으로 유입되는 증발가스에 포함된 미스트를 분리하기 위해 미스트 분리기(미도시)가 사용되는 것이 일반적이나, 가스 터빈(36)의 경우 사용되는 가스의 성분에 덜 민감하므로 이송설비(20)에서 이송된 천연가스를 바로 사용해도 무방하다. 그리고, 이송설비(20)에서 이송되는 천연가스의 경우 50bar 이상의 놓은 압력을 가지므로 상기 가스 터빈(36)에 사용하기 적합하다.In the case of the engine 10, a mist separator (not shown) is generally used to separate mist included in the boil-off gas flowing into the engine 10 because a component such as mist may be broken. Since the turbine 36 is less sensitive to the components of the gas used, the natural gas transferred from the transfer facility 20 may be used directly. In addition, in the case of natural gas to be transferred from the transfer facility 20 has a set pressure of 50 bar or more is suitable for use in the gas turbine 36.

이와 같이 이송설비(20)에서 이송된 천연가스를 가스 터빈(36)으로 보낼 수 있는 공급관(90)을 구비함으로써 플래쉬 탱크(40), 액화천연가스 저장탱크(50) 및 액화천연가스 운반선(100) 등에서 발생된 증발가스의 합이 엔진(10) 및 가스 터빈(36)에서 소모되는 양보다 적을 경우에도 효율적으로 대응할 수 있게 된다.Thus, by having a supply pipe 90 that can send the natural gas transferred from the transfer facility 20 to the gas turbine 36, the flash tank 40, the LNG storage tank 50 and the LNG carrier 100 Even if the sum of the boil-off gas generated in the above) is smaller than the amount consumed by the engine 10 and the gas turbine 36, the evaporation gas can be efficiently coped.

한편, 남은 증발가스를 대기 중으로 방출할 수 있도록 저장탱크(50)에 마련된 분출관(51)과, 상기 연결관(70)에서 증발가스를 공급받아 태워 없애는 연소장치(75)를 구비할 수도 있다.On the other hand, the ejection pipe 51 provided in the storage tank 50 so as to discharge the remaining boil-off gas into the atmosphere, and the combustion apparatus 75 for receiving and burning off the boil-off gas from the connecting pipe 70 may be provided. .

이하에서는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에 대해 설명하였으나, 본 발명의 사상은 본 명세서에 제시되는 실시 예에 제한되지 아니하며, 본 발명의 사상을 이해하는 당업자는 동일한 사상의 범위 내에서, 구 성요소의 부가, 변경, 삭제, 추가 등에 의해서 다른 실시 예를 용이하게 제안할 수 있을 것이나, 이 또한 본 발명의 사상범위 내에 든다고 할 것이다.Hereinafter, the floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility according to an embodiment of the present invention has been described, but the spirit of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments presented herein, those skilled in the art to understand the spirit of the present invention Within the scope of the present invention, other embodiments may be easily proposed by adding, changing, deleting or adding components, but this will also fall within the scope of the present invention.

도 1은 본 발명의 바람직한 일 실시예에 따른 액화천연가스생산 저장설비에 구비되는 구성을 나타낸 구성도.1 is a block diagram showing a configuration provided in the liquefied natural gas production storage facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.

** 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 **** Description of symbols for the main parts of the drawing **

10: 엔진 20: 이송설비10: engine 20: transfer equipment

30: 액화장치 40: 플래쉬 탱크30: liquefaction apparatus 40: flash tank

50: 액화천연가스 저장탱크 60: 전송관50: LNG storage tank 60: transmission pipe

70: 연결관 80: 분지관70: connector 80: branch pipe

90: 공급관90: supply pipe

Claims (5)

엔진과, Engine, 천연가스를 이송하기 위한 이송설비와,A transport facility for transporting natural gas, 상기 이송설비에서 이송된 천연가스를 액화시키는 액화장치와, A liquefaction apparatus for liquefying natural gas transferred from the transfer facility; 상기 액화장치를 구동하는 가스 터빈과,A gas turbine for driving the liquefaction apparatus; 상기 이송설비에서 이송된 천연가스가 상기 액화장치에서 열교환되어 형성된 액화천연가스를 임시적으로 보관하는 플래쉬 탱크와,A flash tank for temporarily storing liquefied natural gas formed by heat exchange in the liquefaction device with natural gas transferred from the transfer facility; 상기 플래쉬 탱크에서 안정화된 액화천연가스를 저장하는 저장탱크와,A storage tank for storing liquefied natural gas stabilized in the flash tank; 상기 저장탱크에 저장된 액화천연가스가 하역되는 설비, 상기 플래쉬 탱크 및 상기 저장탱크 중 적어도 하나에서 발생된 증발가스를 상기 엔진으로 전송하는 전송관과,A transmission pipe for transmitting the boil-off gas generated in at least one of the facility, the flash tank and the storage tank to which the liquefied natural gas stored in the storage tank is unloaded; 상기 엔진에서 사용하고 남은 여분의 증발가스를 상기 가스 터빈으로 이송하기 위해 상기 전송관과 상기 가스 터빈을 연결하는 연결관을 포함하는 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비.Floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility comprising a connecting pipe connecting the transmission tube and the gas turbine to transfer the remaining evaporated gas used in the engine to the gas turbine. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 전송관 및 상기 연결관 상에는 저압의 증발가스를 압축하여 고압의 증발가스로 변경시키는 압축기가 설치된 부유식 액화천연가스생산 저장설비.Floating liquefied natural gas production storage facility is installed on the transmission pipe and the connection pipe is a compressor for compressing the low-pressure evaporated gas into a high-pressure evaporated gas. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 엔진 및 상기 가스 터빈에서 사용하고 남은 여분의 증발가스를 재액화시기 위해 상기 연결관과 상기 이송설비에서 상기 액화장치로 유입되는 유입관을 연결하는 분지관을 구비하는 액화천연가스생산 저장설비.And a branch pipe connecting the connection pipe and the inlet pipe flowing from the transfer facility to the liquefaction device to re-liquefy the excess evaporated gas remaining in the engine and the gas turbine. 제 3항에 있어서,The method of claim 3, wherein 발생된 증발가스의 합이 상기 엔진 및 상기 가스 터빈에서 소모되는 증발가스의 양보다 적은 경우 상기 이송설비에서 상기 가스 터빈으로 천연가스를 공급하기 위해 상기 연결관과 상기 유입관을 연결하는 공급관을 더 구비하는 액화천연가스생산 저장설비.If the sum of the generated boil-off gas is less than the amount of boil-off gas consumed in the engine and the gas turbine, further supply pipe connecting the connecting pipe and the inlet pipe to supply natural gas from the transfer facility to the gas turbine Equipped with LNG storage facility. 제 4항에 있어서,The method of claim 4, wherein 상기 분지관과 상기 공급관에는 각각 밸브가 설치된 것을 특징으로 하는 액화천연가스생산 저장설비.The branch pipe and the supply pipe liquefied natural gas production storage facility, characterized in that each valve is installed.
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