KR20100081100A - Transportation analysis method for spent nuclear fuel and system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A transportation analysis method for a spent nuclear fuel and a system using the same are provided to implement the economic and secured transportation of nuclear fuel by establishing an optimal transportation strategy for the after-used nuclear fuel. CONSTITUTION: Transportation containers for a used nuclear fuel are selected(S10). A power plant site for transportation containers is selected(S20). The strategy for transportation of the transportation containers is selected(S30). The transportation cost for the transportation containers is derived(S40). The transportation containers are classified into the transportation costs for land and marine. The transportation cost for land is set up based on tractors or trailers, and the transportation cost is calculated based on the duration of a plant.

Description

TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL AND SYSTEM USING THE SAME}

The present invention relates to a method and system for evaluating spent fuel. More specifically, the fuel can be easily and accurately calculated for transportation of spent fuel to intermediate and final storage facilities. Not only contributes to safe and economical transportation, but also automatically calculates and presents results quickly, and makes it easy to compare the results of different transportation strategies. The present invention relates to a transportation evaluation method and a system.

In the age of relying on existing fossil fuels, various studies are being actively conducted for the conversion to green energy such as nuclear energy. Among them, there is increasing interest in research that uses nuclear energy to create pollution-free and infinite energy. Nuclear energy is produced using nuclear fuel, and the remaining fuel is discarded.

Nuclear fuel refers to a substance that can be charged into a nuclear reactor to generate energy available by chaining nuclear fission, and spent fuel refers to a substance remaining after producing electricity. These spent fuels are stored for reprocessing or disposal, which can be classified into storage management, intermediate storage, and permanent disposal.

First, spent fuel generates strong radiation and heat for a long time after being taken out of the reactor due to the fission products contained therein. Therefore, in order to protect the workers working in the power plant and the residents living in the vicinity from the radiation and to remove heat, the spent fuel should be temporarily stored in a place filled with water (spent fuel storage tank) such as a swimming pool in the fuel building of the power plant. do.

Although spent fuel is a radioactive waste, it contains valuable materials such as spent uranium and plutonium. Therefore, in the UK, France, and Japan, materials such as uranium and plutonium are extracted from spent fuel and used as a fuel for nuclear reactors. This useful material extraction process is called reprocessing, and for this purpose, intermediate storage is performed. Spent fuel is stored in the nuclear power plant site or intermediate storage facility until it cools down and then stored for final disposal. Permanent disposal generally means storing spent fuel in hard rock layers 500 to 1,000 meters underground. The period of isolation of high-level waste from the human environment requires tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of years.

It is necessary to establish a transportation strategy and to calculate reasonable unit costs for the transfer of spent fuel to temporary storage or final storage. In other words, not only changes in forecasting quantities, but also the effects of various variables such as changes in storage conditions and changes in transportation methods, as well as transportation costs, must be taken into account, and comparative analysis on various transportation scenarios is necessary according to domestic circumstances. Do.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for evaluating spent fuel transportation, in which spent fuel can be easily and accurately calculated for transportation to intermediate and final storage facilities. It is.

In addition, it is possible to establish an optimal transportation strategy for spent fuel, and to provide a method and system for evaluating spent fuel transportation that can contribute to safe and economical transportation.

In addition, the present invention provides a method and system for evaluating spent fuel, which can be automatically calculated and present the result quickly, and can easily compare the results according to various transportation strategies.

According to the embodiments of the present invention for achieving the above object of the present invention, the method for transport evaluation of spent fuel includes selecting a transport container to transport the spent fuel, the site of the power plant where the transport container will be stored Selecting, a strategy for transporting the container to the power plant site, and deriving a transport cost of the container.

It is preferable that the transport cost is derived by dividing the transport container into land and sea transport, and the land transport is based on the transport cost of the tractor or trailer, and the sea transport is fuel cost, ship rental cost, and operation. It is desirable to include at least one of the costs.

The step of deriving the transportation cost takes into account the operating life of the power plant, and the operating life of the power plant can be selected from 40 years, 50 years, 60 years. In addition, the step of deriving the transport cost may be calculated by reflecting the cumulative amount of the estimated spent fuel.

The power plant site includes an intermediate storage facility and a final storage facility, and the power plant site is plural, and after the derivation of the transportation cost, another power plant site is selected again and the above steps are repeated.

In the transportation evaluation system of spent fuel according to the present invention, in order to calculate the cost of transporting the spent fuel for storage at the power plant site corresponding to the intermediate storage facility and the final storage facility, first, the transport container for the spent fuel is selected. For example, after selecting one of a plurality of power plant sites, the transport strategy is input to calculate the transport cost, and then another transport site is selected to input the transport strategy to calculate the transport cost.

As a result, spent fuel can easily and accurately calculate transportation costs to intermediate and final storage facilities, and can establish an optimal transportation strategy for spent fuel, contributing to safe and economical transportation. In addition, the results are calculated automatically and presented quickly, and the results of different transportation strategies can be easily compared.

The present invention having the above configuration has the effect that the spent fuel can easily and accurately calculate the transportation cost to the intermediate and final storage facilities.

In addition, the optimal transportation strategy for spent fuel can be established, contributing to safe and economical transportation.

Not only does it automatically calculate and present results quickly, but it also makes it easy to compare the results of different transportation strategies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In describing the present embodiment, the same designations and the same reference numerals are used for the same components, and further description thereof will be omitted.

This embodiment is for automatically evaluating the transportation cost, to establish an appropriate transportation strategy and to secure a reasonable unit cost. To provide the estimated amount of spent fuel for 40, 50, and 60 years of operation of a nuclear power plant by applying the annual average spent fuel emission model, and to the intermediate storage facility and transportation to the final disposal site in three stages. It is configured to input the transport period and the amount of transport, it is implemented to implement a variety of expected transport scenarios. The program can be created using Excel or Visual Basic, and the user inputs the transportation period and transportation volume through the input / output form, and the transportation cost and transportation in Excel based on the input contents. Scenarios are calculated and the cumulative amount of spent fuel at the plant site, intermediate storage, and final disposal stages is represented graphically and transportation costs are calculated and presented in a table. In addition, the results can be stored in Excel, allowing easy comparison of calculation results for different transportation strategies.

Hereinafter, each step will be described in more detail. Figure 1 shows the operational flow of the present invention.

First, the transport vessel is selected (S10), after selecting the power plant site (S20), and enters the transport strategy (S30). After that, if the execution cost is calculated and presented (S40), after selecting another power plant site (S20), the process is repeated thereafter. Each step is described in detail as follows.

The selection mode of the transport container is shown in FIG. The transport container is selected from various models such as TN-24, KN-12, KN-18, and the transport container can be configured in various ways.

For example, the TN24XLH transport vessel requires a total of 12 vessels when transported using an INF-2 vessel. The twelve containers are divided into ten for sea transport and two for land transport. The service life of the container is 40 years, and considering the total transport period, twice the container will be consumed. The cost of one transportation is 5,000,000 ,, and the total cost of 24 vessels and 120,000,000 ＄ is required for the use of INF-2 vessels during the transport period. 3 is a table listing the detailed cost of the transport container when using a TN-24 container.

Yoke is a subsidiary facility used for loading vessels by land transport in ships and costs about 150,000 당 per load. The yoke is used three times for transportation, and each cost is paid. However, it does not include the cost of cranes and cranes, and the yoke is replaced when the container is replaced.

Next, considering the cost of land transportation, 4 is a table table for calculating the detailed costs of land transport costs.

This is the 2004 baseline cost of tractors and trailers for land transport. The operating life of the tractor is 20 years and three replacements are expected during the total transport period. The distance between the intermediate storage site and the final disposal site is assumed to be within 30 km, and one spare is considered for reasons of maintenance.

Next, considering the cost of sea transport, it is as follows. 5 is a table table for calculating the detailed cost of sea transport costs. Shipping by sea should be under strict regulations, such as those applicable to the transport of radioactive material. Therefore, there is a need for a shipping company with a vessel that has been certified by the regulatory body. The number of ships to be operated is determined by the amount of transport per year. For ships, INF-2 and INF-3 ships are considered.

Fuel consumption for ship operations is an important variable, about 20 tons / day at sea and 5 tons / day at the pier. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the cost due to fluctuations in the price of fuel, and it is necessary to update the price according to the calculation time. There are three fuels used in ships: 180 IFO fuel, 380 IFO fuel and diesel oil. Www.bunkerworld.com/markets/prices .

The lease period is expected to be conservative for a total of 15 days and round trips for 30 days. However, depending on where the ship is located, the period can vary greatly. Ship costs are estimated at around 15,000 km / day for the INF-2 class, including lease costs, accessibility, required and restricted dates, operating costs and fuel consumption. The estimated cost of an INF-3 ship is five times that of INF-2. Since the INF-3 ship can load 20 transport vessels TN-24XLH at a time, more than 20 transport vessels are needed, resulting in an increase in transport vessel costs. On the other hand, the number of flights less than INF-2 class can reduce the cost of ship operation.

The analysis according to the transportation scenario input is as follows. First, the operating life of the nuclear power plant must be determined. The cumulative amount of spent fuel produced from four nuclear power plants in Korea is changed by the operating life of the nuclear power plant. 6 is a screen for selecting the operating life of the power plant. As shown in the figure, four nuclear power plant sites (see Fig. 2, KORI, YGN, UCN, WS) can be selected, and the operating life of the power plant can be selected from 40 years, 50 years, and 60 years. Depending on the selected plant lifetime, the estimated spent fuel accumulation using the annual mean emission model is calculated and the results are recorded simultaneously in the Excel sheet and the program. The annual mean emission model equation is shown in Equation 1.

[MtU] (식1)

[MtU] (Equation 1)

Where C _f ^site is the final spent fuel generation by site, m is the number of tidal power plants at each site, C _f ^j is the actual cumulative amount of spent fuel up to 2003 for site j, D _avg ^j is j The mean annual spent fuel generation, L _c ^j is the total fuel loading in the core, and n is the operating year from 2004 to decommissioning.

In the case of using a specific spent fuel accumulation amount, it is possible to directly input the total accumulation amount into an Excel file as shown in FIG. 7. 7 shows an example of inputting a cumulative amount of spent fuel into an Excel file. In this case, select the operating period that is closest to the specific spent fuel accumulation of 40 years, 50 years, and 60 years, and then re-enter the total spent fuel accumulated in Excel as the specific spent fuel accumulation value. Can be. However, the error occurs in the result value, so the error of the transport scenario analysis result should be taken into account.

Transport strategies from power plants to intermediate storage facilities are provided for establishing up to three stages. The transportation strategy inputs the transport period and the transport volume within the period, and FIG. 8 is a screen showing the transport period from the power plant to the intermediate storage facility and the transport volume within the period. After that, the program calculates the annual transport volume by stage in Excel and displays it below the transport period. The period of transport shall enter the year of commencement of transport and the end of transport, and the year of transport shall not exceed 2099. The sum of spent fuel transport for each stage and the difference in total spent fuel accumulation depending on the operating life of the nuclear power plant are calculated below the input cell of the three-stage transport.

FIG. 9 is a screen showing a transport period from an intermediate storage facility to a final disposal site and a transport volume within the period. As shown here, the transport strategy from the intermediate storage facility to the final disposal site is provided for establishing up to three stages. The transport strategy inputs the transport period and the transport volume within the transport period. After that, the program calculates the annual transport volume by stage in Excel and displays it below the transport period. It is good practice to show the difference in the sum of spent fuel transport for each stage and the cumulative spent fuel accumulation depending on the operating life of the nuclear power plant in the "Rest" cell for the user to enter the transport strategy.

After all the transport scenarios have been established, click the "Run" button to calculate the transport volume and transport costs for your transport scenario. The cumulative amount and generation amount of spent fuel cooled for 7 years or more at the power plant site, the accumulated amount and transportation amount of spent fuel at the intermediate storage site, and the accumulated amount and transportation amount of spent fuel at the final disposal site are provided in the graph as shown in FIG. Calculate and provide the number of cruise ships, cumulative fuel and transport volume.

The graph provided shows the amount of spent fuel by year when clicked with the mouse in text. If the cumulative amount of spent fuel at the plant site, intermediate storage facility, and final disposal site has a negative value over the entire transport period, the user must click the "Back" button to modify the transport scenario in the previous step. In addition, if the cumulative amount of spent fuel on the site of the plant exceeds the capacity of the temporary storage facility, the transportation scenario must be corrected by clicking the "Back" button to move to the previous stage.

After the analysis of the overall transport volume, click the "Cost Sum" button in Figure 10, the results are as in FIG. 11 is an example of the result of calculating transport costs for each site. The transportation cost is the result of calculation of each nuclear power plant site, and provides detailed transportation cost by sea transportation and land transportation. Total site transport costs provide calculations for INF-2 and INF-3 ships.

12 is a state in which the detailed transportation costs are stored in Excel. It is configured to input the changing price or cost.

After entering the transport scenarios for each site, after completing the spent fuel analysis, click the "Next site" button, the program first screen appears as shown in FIG. 13 is an exemplary screen illustrating a screen switching when the "Next site" button is clicked.

After entering the scenario, the plant site is added with "(M)" to the select button name and can be modified later. When the scenario input of all four sites is completed by repeating the above procedure, the "Next site" button is changed to a "Done" button as shown in the graph of FIG. 14 is an exemplary screen illustrating a state in which a "Next site" button is changed to a "Done" button. When the "Done" button is clicked, the quantity of spent fuel generated at four sites as shown in FIG. 14 is accumulated in the intermediate storage facility and the final disposal center according to the year.

The yearly cumulative spent fuel at the total intermediate storage facility is compared with the allowable capacity of the intermediate storage facility, and if the allowable capacity of the intermediate storage facility is exceeded, the transport scenario for each site is adjusted and finally the scenario analysis is carried out. This is the end.

Therefore, spent fuel can easily and accurately calculate transportation costs to intermediate and final storage facilities, and can establish an optimal transportation strategy for spent fuel, thus contributing to safe and economical transportation. In addition, the results are calculated automatically and presented quickly, and the results of different transportation strategies can be easily compared.

As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, and the fact that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms in addition to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope thereof has ordinary skill in the art. It is obvious to them. Therefore, the above-described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and thus, the present invention is not limited to the above description and may be modified within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

1 is a flow chart showing the operational flow of the present invention.

2 is an exemplary screen showing a selection of transport containers.

3 is a table listing the detailed cost of the transport container when using a TN-24 container.

4 is a table table for calculating the detailed costs of land transport costs.

5 is a table table for calculating the detailed cost of sea transport costs.

6 is a screen for selecting the operating life of the power plant.

7 shows an example of inputting a cumulative amount of spent fuel into an Excel file.

FIG. 8 is a screen showing a transport period and a transport volume within the period from the power plant to the intermediate storage facility.

FIG. 9 is a screen showing a transport period from an intermediate storage facility to a final disposal site and a transport volume within the period.

10 is a graph showing the cumulative amount and generation amount of spent fuel cooled for 7 years or more at the power plant site, the accumulated amount and transportation amount of spent fuel at the intermediate storage site, and the accumulated amount and transportation amount of spent fuel at the final disposal site.

11 is an example of a result of calculating transport costs for each site.

12 is a state in which the detailed transportation costs are stored in Excel.

13 is an exemplary screen illustrating a screen switching when the "Next site" button is clicked.

Claims (14)

Selecting a transport container for transporting spent fuel; Selecting a power plant site in which the transport container will be stored; Selecting a strategy for the transport vessel to transport the plant site; Deriving a transportation cost of the container; Transportation evaluation method of spent fuel comprising a. The method of claim 1, And a plurality of said transport containers, said transport cost being derived by dividing into onshore and sea transport. The method of claim 2, The land transportation is a transport fuel evaluation method, characterized in that based on the transport cost of the tractor or trailer. The method of claim 2, The marine transportation transportation evaluation method of the spent fuel, characterized in that at least one of the fuel cost, ship rental cost, operating cost. The method of claim 1, The step of deriving the transportation cost is a transportation evaluation method of spent fuel, characterized in that considering the operating life of the power plant. The method of claim 5, The operating life of the power plant is a transportation evaluation method of spent fuel, characterized in that the choice between 40, 50, 60 years. The method of claim 1, The deriving of the transport cost is a method for evaluating spent fuel transportation, characterized in that to calculate and reflect the cumulative amount of estimated spent fuel. The method of claim 1, The power plant site evaluation method of spent fuel characterized in that it comprises an intermediate storage facility and a final storage facility. The method of claim 1, The power plant site is a plurality, and after the step of deriving the transport cost, the transport fuel transportation method of the other nuclear power plant site, characterized in that the step is repeated. In order to calculate the cost of transporting spent fuel to the power plant site corresponding to the intermediate storage facility and the final storage facility, the transport container for the spent fuel is first selected, and one of the plurality of power plant sites is selected for transportation strategy. Calculate the transportation cost by inputting the transportation cost, and then select another plant site and enter the transportation strategy to calculate the transportation cost. The method of claim 10, And a plurality of said transport containers, said transport cost being derived by dividing into onshore and sea transport. The method of claim 10, A transport fuel evaluation system for used fuel, characterized in that the service life of the power plant is considered to derive the transport cost. The method of claim 10, The power plant site evaluation system for spent fuel characterized in that it comprises an intermediate storage facility and a final storage facility. The method of claim 10, A transport fuel evaluation system for used fuel, characterized in that the service life of the power plant is considered to derive the transport cost.

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