KR20090111854A - Techniques for high data rates with improved channel reference - Google Patents

Abstract

Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate pilot channel optimization schemes for high data rate communications transmissions. In various illustrative implementations, pilot channel operations can be monitored and controlled by an exemplary base station for one or more cooperating wireless terminals (e.g., user equipment) such that one or more power features of the one or more cooperating wireless terminals can be illustratively changed in response to one or more selected pilot channel operational conditions. In an illustrative operation, an exemplary base station can engage one or more selected pilot channel control operations as part of pilot channel optimization comprising a jump detection technique, operating power control on another channel other than the DPCCH, engaging in delayed power control, engaging in a soft-hand off power control in the instance of a boosted pilot channel, and resolving ambiguity in grant messages resulting from a pilot boost.

Description

TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH DATA RATES WITH IMPROVED CHANNEL REFERENCE}

Cross-Reference to the Related Application

This patent application claims 35 USCs from US Provisional Application No. 60 / 886,085, filed Jan. 22, 2007, entitled “BOOSTED UPLINK PILOT IN W-CDMA”. It claims the benefit of priority under section 119, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

background

Field of technology

The following description relates generally to wireless communication and, more particularly, to an improved uplink pilot.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication, for example, voice and / or data may be provided through such wireless communication systems. Conventional wireless communication systems or networks may provide multiple user access to one or more shared resources. For example, these systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (eg, bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.

Typically, coherent demodulation of the data channel relies on the induction of phase and amplitude changes introduced by the transmission link. In general, higher data rates on the transmission link require better phase and amplitude references to perform properly. In general, such amplitude and phase references are given by pilot sequences or channels.

As an example, a data rate of 16 kilobits per second (Kb / s) per second in which an uplink of W-CDMA was transmitted may be a pilot channel having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of about Ec / Nt = −20 dB. Will require. On the other hand, when the data rate is increased to 11 megabits per second (Mbit / s), the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel carrying the pilot (represented as "dedicated physical control channel" or DPCCH) is about Ec / Nt = -2. It should be dB. This higher SNR can be achieved by increasing the transmit power of the DPCCH at the transmitter.

Current and conventional releases of W-CDMA do not allow the possibility of user equipment (UE) to autonomously change the transmission power of the pilot channel to accommodate the increase in transmission data rate, thus Results in efficiency. With the introduction of even higher data rates on the uplink (UL) in contemplated future releases of W-CDMA and other systems, these inefficiencies may become more pronounced and hinder support for high data rate communication. .

In current practice, the up and down commands issued by the inner-loop of fast power control are based on SNR measurements for pilot bits at the base station. Unfortunately, the current deployment of base stations in the current version of W-CDMA may include a) an increase in the transmit power of the DPCCH initiated by the UE (ie, due to high data rate transmission), and b) an improvement in the radio link ( Better path loss, reduction in interference level) cannot be distinguished from each other. In both scenarios, the systems observe that the pilot's SNR is increased above the target SNR and issues a down command. The corrective action is that the base station issues down commands only if there is an improvement in the radio link.

In addition, in current practice, when base stations issue down commands in case of an increase in transmit power of the DPCCH, the base station operates to efficiently reduce the SNR for high data rate transmissions, thereby improving its performance. Deteriorates. Also, in the current practice, after the UE completes transmitting the high rate packet, the UE executing the undesired down command may generate a pilot with a low SNR so that lower data rate transmission may fail. Improved efficiency in pilot transmission power (eg, boost) will also be eliminated.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that a need exists for a system and method for ameliorating the deficiencies of existing practices.

summary

The following provides a simplified summary of such embodiments to provide a basic understanding of one or more embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all embodiments or to describe the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In accordance with one or more example implementations and their corresponding disclosure, various aspects are described in connection with facilitating adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing. In various embodiments, uplink pilots can be optimized for high speed transmission by managing grant messages processed on the pilot channel.

According to a related aspect, a method for facilitating enhancement of pilot efficiency is described herein. The method can include determining uplink pilot channel information at a base station. The method may also include transmitting uplink pilot channel information to one or more cooperating wireless terminals to facilitate uplink pilots in accordance with a predetermined function of one or more cooperating terminals. In an example implementation, a base station is provided that is operable to communicate pilot channel data between cooperating wireless terminals so that the pilot channel data is processed by the cooperating wireless terminal as part of pilot channel optimization.

In an example operation, the example base station can monitor the pilot channel and detect a jump at its (signal to noise ratio) level. In an example operation, if the example base station detects an increase in pilot level above the selected decibel value from a previously transmitted time slot, the example base station operates in the selected power control mode. By way of example, the selected power control mode includes ignoring the SNR measurements for the next time transmission interval (TTI).

In yet another example operation, when the example base station recognizes an example level of boost for the pilot signal, the example base station can operate to normalize the measured pilot SNR to compensate for the pilot boost. In an example implementation, the normalized SNR can then be used by the example power control inner-loop. In an example operation, the example base station can estimate the pilot boost by comparing the pilot SNR received during the boosted timeslot with the pilot SNR received during the time that was not boosted. In operation, the result of this estimation can be used to normalize the measured SNR.

In another example operation, the example base station can disable power control for the first slot of the wireless transmission, which may have a boosted pilot, under the assumption that the normalized SNR does not change from the previous time slot. It works. By way of example and operation, during one or more subsequent time slots, an exemplary base station may use the difference between successive time slots to update an estimate of normalized SNR. The normalized SNR can then be used by inner-loop power control.

In yet another example operation, the example base station may measure power or SNR received over a control channel, such as an enhanced dedicated physical control channel (E-DPDCH) of W-CDMA. By way of example and operation, when an example base station detects substantial power presence from a wireless terminal, the example base station may be operable to render the pilot as capable of being boosted and performing one or more of the selected power mode operations. do.

In another exemplary operation, upon detection of a signal by an exemplary base station of a signal on a control channel or data channel, power control may be operated on the control channel. For example, in W-CDMA, the control channel may be an enhanced dedicated physical control channel (E-DPCCH) and the data channel may be an enhanced dedicated physical data channel (E-DPDCH). By way of example, the SNR of the control channel may be estimated by the exemplary base station and may be used for inner-loop power control. By way of example and operation, the estimated SNR of the control channel may be adjusted to represent the power of the normalized pilot, and the power control may be exemplarily operated using the adjusted SNR estimate.

In another example operation, the example base station disables power control at the beginning of every TTI if the user equipment (UE) (eg, one or more cooperating wireless terminals) may transmit in a boosted pilot. can do. Because the example base station can provide control for UE transmission via one or more message grants and DTX control, the example base station can operatively determine the time that the UE may transmit in the boosted pilot. . By way of example, power control may be re-enabled when the example base station decodes the control channel (E-DPCCH in W-CDMA). In an example operation, the control channel can convey which format is being transmitted from the exemplary base station and one or more wireless transmitters as well as the UE boosting the pilot. In an example operation, the example base station can use the result of decoding the control channel to normalize the pilot SNR estimate.

In another example implementation, the example base station may disable power control at the event that the UE operates to boost the pilot. By way of example, an example base station may monitor an instance in which a UE operates to boost a pilot and may limit their frequency of occurrence by delivery of grant messages to one or more UEs. In an example implementation, the example base station is absolute to one or more wireless terminals in order to allow one or more wireless terminals (eg, UEs) to transmit a high data rate using a pilot that has been boosted during a particular TTI. Absolute grant message can be sent.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more illustrative implementations include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more illustrative implementations. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various example implementations may be employed, and the described example implementations are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

Brief description of the drawings

1 illustrates a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects disclosed herein.

2 illustrates a wireless communication system in accordance with further aspects of the present invention.

3A illustrates an exemplary non-limiting high-level block diagram of a system that facilitates pilot channel optimization in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

3B shows a base station receiving signals from a plurality of user equipment such that uplink pilot signals can be optimized in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

4 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting pilot optimization scheme in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

5 illustrates a communication device for use in a wireless communication environment, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

6 illustrates an example high-level method for uplink pilot optimization in accordance with various embodiments described herein.

7 illustrates an example high-level method for uplink pilot optimization in accordance with various embodiments described herein.

8 illustrates an example communication system implemented in accordance with various aspects, including a number of cells.

9 illustrates a system that may be used in connection with pilot optimization for user equipment in accordance with various embodiments.

10 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting block diagram of a base station in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

11 illustrates a system that can be used in connection with uplink pilot channel allocation in accordance with various example implementations.

12 illustrates an example wireless terminal (eg, wireless terminal, mobile device, end node, etc.) implemented in accordance with various example implementations.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example non-limiting block diagram of a communication system including uplink pilot optimization in accordance with various aspects of the example implementations and operations described herein.

14 illustrates an example non-limiting apparatus for enabling pilot optimization in accordance with various example implementations.

15 illustrates an example non-limiting apparatus that facilitates pilot optimization in accordance with various example implementations.

details

Next, various embodiments are described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout the specification. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it may be apparent that such embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.

In addition, various aspects of the present invention are described below. It will be apparent that the teachings herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any particular structure and / or function disclosed herein is merely illustrative. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that an aspect disclosed herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and / or a method executed using any number of aspects disclosed herein. In addition, an apparatus may be implemented and / or a method executed using other structure and / or functionality in addition to or other than one or more of the aspects disclosed herein. As one example, many of the methods, devices, systems, and apparatuses described herein are described in the context of boosting uplink pilot signals in a W-CDMA communication system. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that similar techniques may be applied to other communication environments.

As described herein, terms such as "component", "module", "system" and the like refer to computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, software at run time, firmware, middleware, It is intended to refer to microcode, and / or any combination thereof. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device may be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and / or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may be, for example, one or more data packets (eg, a local system, one component in a distributed system, and / or another component that interacts with another system via a network, such as the Internet, by way of a signal). May be communicated by local and / or remote processes in accordance with a signal). Also, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the components of the systems described herein may be rearranged by additional components to facilitate the attainment of various aspects, objects, advantages, etc., described therein. And / or may be supplemented, and are not limited to the precise configurations disclosed in the drawings.

Moreover, in connection with a wireless terminal or user equipment (UE), various embodiments are described herein. A wireless terminal or UE may also be referred to as a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, UE, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. have. A wireless terminal or UE may be a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) telephone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless connectivity, a computing device. Or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. Also, various embodiments are described herein in connection with a base station. The base station may be used to communicate with the wireless terminal (s) and may also be referred to as an access point, Node B, or some other terminology.

In addition, the various aspects or features described herein can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. As described herein, the term "article of manufacture" is intended to include a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer-readable media may include magnetic storage devices (eg, hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic strips, etc.), optical disks (eg, compact discs (CDs), digital versatile disks, etc.) ), Smart cards, and flash memory devices (eg, EPROMs, cards, sticks, key drives, etc.). In addition, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. In addition, to carry instructions or computer-readable electronic data, such as instructions used to send and receive voice mail, access a network such as a cellular network, or instruct the device to perform a specified function, It will be appreciated that carrier waves may be used. Thus, the term “machine-readable medium” may include, but is not limited to, a variety of other media and wireless channels capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instruction (s) and / or data. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as described and claimed herein.

Also, the term “exemplary” is used herein to mean that it is provided as an example, illustration, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” may be applied to other aspects or designs. It is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous in comparison, instead, the use of the word exemplary is intended to represent concepts in a specific manner. As used herein, the term "or" is used to mean exclusive "or". Is intended to mean “more” than “inclusive.” That is, unless otherwise specified or unclear from the context, “X uses A or B” is intended to mean any of the original generic substitutions. That is, if X uses A, X uses B, or X uses both A and B, then "X is A or Uses B "is satisfied under any of the foregoing examples. Also, as used in this specification and the appended claims, in general, the articles" a "and" an "are not otherwise specified or indicate a singular. If it is not clear from the context, it should be interpreted to mean "one or more".

As used herein, the term “infer” or “inference” refers to a system, environment, and / or from a set of observations as captured through an event and / or data. Generally refers to a process of reasoning about or inferring the state of a user. Inference can be used to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. Inference can be the calculation of a probability, ie, a probability distribution over a state of interest based on data and event considerations. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and / or data. Whether the events correlate temporarily in close proximity and whether the events and data come from one or more events and data sources, such inference may result in new events or actions from a set of observed events and / or stored event data. Results in their composition.

등과 같은 무선 기술을 구현할 수도 있다. UTRA, E-UTRA, 및 GSM 은 유니버셜 이동 정보통신 시스템 (UMTS) 의 일부이다. LTE (Long Term Evolution) 은 E-UTRA 를 사용하는 UMTS 의 도래하는 릴리즈이다. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS, 및 LTE 는, "제 3세대 파트너쉽 프로젝트 (3GPP)" 라고 명칭된 조직으로부터의 문서에 설명되어 있다. cdma2000 은, "제 3세대 파트너쉽 프로젝트 2 (3GPP2)" 라고 명칭된 조직으로부터의 문서에 설명되어 있다. 이들 다양한 무선 기술들 및 표준들은 당업계에 공지되어 있다. 명확화를 위해, 상기 기술들의 특정한 양태들은, 기술이 LTE 에 적용될 경우 업링크 파일럿 멀티플렉싱의 콘텍스트에서 후술될 수도 있으며, 결과로서, 3GPP 용어는 적절할 경우 아래의 설명의 대부분에서 사용될 수도 있다.The techniques described herein include code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks. May be used for various wireless communication networks, such as and the like. The terms "network" and "system" are often used interchangeably. CDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, and the like. UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), TD-SCDMA, and TD-CDMA. cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. The TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA networks include advanced UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM

Wireless technologies such as the above may be implemented. UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an emerging release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS, and LTE are described in a document from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)." cdma2000 is described in a document from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)". These various radio technologies and standards are known in the art. For clarity, certain aspects of the techniques may be described below in the context of uplink pilot multiplexing when the technique is applied to LTE, and as a result, 3GPP terminology may be used in much of the description below as appropriate.

Pilot channel boost

The systems and methods described herein aim to ameliorate the shortcomings of existing practices to optimize pilot channel operations and mitigate the case where lack of pilot channel power control renders high data rate transmissions useless. . In an example implementation, UEs are provided with the ability to autonomously increase (boost) the level of the channel carrying the pilot. In W-CDMA, for example, such a channel is referred to as a dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH). In an example operation, the UE can increase the transmit power of the DPCCH as a function of the transmission format that UE uses on the data channel, ie as a function of the data rate of the data channel. By way of example, after the data transmission ends, to resume operation at the normal power level, the UE may illustratively operate to reduce the power of the DPCCH by the amount of boost.

In another example implementation, the level of the control channel, such as the enhanced dedicated physical control channel of W-CDMA, may be increased (boost). In an example operation, the E-DPCCH may be decoded first, and then the modulation symbols are flipped according to the selected scheme, in order to convert the E-DPCCH into a pilot reference. In the example operation, then E The -DPCCH can be combined with the DPCCH to provide an improved phase and amplitude reference to demodulate other channels, such as the DPDCH.

In an example implementation, fast power control may be deployed to mitigate rapid changes in pilot channel SNR at the receiver due to variations in the propagation channel and interference level. By way of example, fast power control as currently used on the uplink of W-CDMA generally relies on two loops, an inner loop and an outer loop. In an example operation, an example base station (eg, Node B, RNC, or other infrastructure element) operatively measures the SNR of the pilot bits and compares the measured SNR with the target SNR to determine the target SNR. The inner loop may perform an operation to issue an up or down command to one or more cooperating wireless terminals (eg, user equipment, ie UE) based on this comparison to maintain the measured SNR in close proximity to the. have. By way of example, when a UE receives an up command, it may operatively increase the power of its channels by a step-size. By way of example, if a UE in a live-set of cooperative cells receives a down command from any of the cells (eg, cooperative base stations), the UE may operatively reduce the power of the channels by a step-size. Can be.

However, in current practice, the up and down commands issued by the inner-loop of fast power control are generally based on SNR measurements for pilot bits at the base station. W-CDMA base stations are characterized by: a) an increase in transmit power of the DPCCH initiated by the UE because the UE is transmitting a high data rate transmission, and b) an improvement in the radio link (better path loss, interference level). Cannot be distinguished from each other. In the current practice, in both cases, the base station observes that the pilot's SNR increases above the target SNR and issues a down command. However, the desired operation would be for the base station to issue a down command only for case (b).

By issuing a down command in case (a), the base station reduces the SNR for high data rate transmission, thereby degrading its performance. In addition, after the UE completes transmitting the high rate packet, the boost in pilot transmission power will end. As such, the pilot may be at such a low SNR that any lower data rate transmission may fail because the UE executes undesirable down commands.

To overcome the shortcomings of existing inner-loop practices, the systems and methods described herein, illustratively and operatively, employ a wireless communication system in which an exemplary base station measures a pilot and detects a jump at its level. to provide. In an example operation, if the example base station detects an increase in pilot level of Δ dB or more from a previously observed time slot, the example base station operatively stores data indicative of the boosted pilot. In an example operation, the example base station can operate to operate the power control loop in a conventional manner and perform one or more of the following example operations to detect possible boosted pilots, the following examples Switch the power control to operate in one of the modes as described by typical operations.

In an example operation, the example base station can monitor the pilot channel and detect a jump at its (signal to noise ratio) level. In an example operation, if the example base station detects an increase in pilot level above the selected decibel value from a previously transmitted time slot, the example base station operates in the selected power control mode. By way of example, the selected power control mode ignores SNR measurements during the next time transmission interval (TTI), and sends power control commands to the one or more UEs such that the one or more UEs do not change their average transmit power. It includes sending.

In yet another example operation, when the example base station recognizes an example level of boost for the pilot signal, the example base station can operate to normalize the measured pilot SNR to compensate for the pilot boost. In an example implementation, the normalized SNR may then be used by the example power control inner-loop. In an example operation, the example base station can estimate the pilot boost by comparing the pilot SNR received during the boosted timeslot with the pilot SNR received during the time that was not boosted. In operation, the result of this estimation can be used to normalize the measured SNR.

In another example operation, the example base station may disable power control for the first slot of the wireless transmission, which may have a boosted pilot, assuming that the normalized SNR does not change from the previous time slot. Works under By way of example and operation, during one or more subsequent time slots, an exemplary base station may use the difference between successive time slots to update an estimate of normalized SNR. The normalized SNR can then be used by inner-loop power control.

In yet another example operation, the example base station can measure power or SNR received over an enhanced dedicated physical control channel (E-DPDCH). By way of example and operation, if an example base station detects a substantial power presence from one or more UEs, the example base station may be operable to render the pilot as capable of being boosted, and one or more of the selected power mode operations. Do this.

In another exemplary operation, upon detection of a signal by an exemplary base station of a signal on an Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel (E-DPCCH) or an Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH), the power control is performed by the E-DPCCH. Can be operated on. By way of example, the SNR of the E-DPCCH may be estimated by the exemplary base station and may be used for inner-loop power control. By way of example and operation, the estimated SNR of the E-DPCCH may be adjusted to represent the power of the normalized DPCCH, and power control may be exemplarily operated using the adjusted SNR estimate.

In yet another example operation, the example base station may disable power control at the beginning of every TTI if the user equipment (UE) may transmit in a boosted pilot. Because the example base station can provide control for UE transmission via one or more message grants and DTX control, the example base station can operatively determine the time that the UE may transmit in the boosted pilot. By way of example, power control may be re-enabled when the example base station decodes the E-DPCCH. In an example operation, the E-DPCCH may convey not only what format is being transmitted from the example UE, but also whether the UE is using pilot boost on the E-DPCCH. In an example operation, the example base station can use the result of the E-DPCCH to normalize the DPCCH pilot SNR estimate.

In another example implementation, the example base station may disable power control at the event that the UE operates to boost the pilot. By way of example, an example base station may monitor an instance in which a UE operates to boost a pilot, and may limit the frequency of their occurrence by delivery of grant messages to one or more cooperating wireless terminals. In an example implementation, the example base station is absolute to one or more wireless terminals in order to allow one or more wireless terminals (eg, UEs) to transmit a high data rate using a pilot that has been boosted during a particular TTI. A grant message can be sent.

In another example implementation, UEs can operatively ignore “down” commands from non-serving cells if they are transmitting a boosted pilot.

In an exemplary operation, the outer loop operates where the example base station operates a quality of service (QoS) (eg, block error rate (BLER) or bit error rate (BER)) of received data from one or more cooperating wireless terminals. It is possible to perform the measurement operation, and to adjust the target SNR, for example, as necessary to reach the desired QoS. In addition, in an example implementation, the measurement of SNR for the pilot can be used to induce a change in the quality of the radio link to adjust the transmit power of the channels transmitted by the UE.

In the enhanced uplink (EUL) feature of W-CDMA, in general, data can be transmitted on a channel named E-DPDCH. Operationally and illustratively, a pilot reference can still be carried on the DPCCH and can be used for coherent demodulation of other channels as well as the E-DPDCH. Uplink in a wireless system is a resource shared by cooperating UEs. By way of example, an example base station may maximize overall uplink performance by controlling the amount of uplink resources used by each individual UE. In an example implementation, absolute grant messages can be placed to achieve the desired uplink resource control.

By way of example, an absolute grant message is a message sent on the downlink by a base station scheduler to directly adjust the allowed rate of one UE under its control. By way of example, an absolute grant message itself may include a number of fields multiplexed together and transmitted on a downlink channel named E-AGCH. These fields include the absolute grant value (this field indicates the maximum EUL data to pilot ratio (E-DPDCH / DPCCH) the UE is allowed to use in the next transmission), Absolute Grant Scope; this field. May indicate the applicability of an absolute grant). The absolute grant may take two different values, a "Per HARQ process" or an "All HARQ process", which can indicate whether HARQ process activation / deactivation affects one or all processes.

To overcome the ambiguity that results in the delivery of absolute grant messages sent by the exemplary base station and cooperating wireless terminals, a pilot boost with a DPDCH to nominal DPCCH power ratio can be combined into a new absolute message metric, where example In general, the nominal DPCCH power is the power of the DPCCH that was not boosted.

By way of example, the absolute grant message metric may be calculated as follows.

Or equally,

(선형 도메인에서 계산됨)

(Calculated in linear domain)

Wherein β _ed and β _c are the amplitude gains of E-DPDCH and DPCCH, respectively, and β _bc is the amplitude ratio of boosted DPCCH to nominal DPCCH.

Although these equations are written in linear and amplitude, those skilled in the art will understand that these equations may be derived by any other way, for example, to take into account the boost of power in the metric. For example, powers may be used instead, or calculations may occur in the log domain.

In another example implementation where the power of a channel other than the pilot is boosted, the same procedure may be used to calculate a new absolute message metric, except that it is on another channel. In one particular embodiment where the power of the E-DPCCH is boosted and used as an additional phase and amplitude reference, the metric can be calculated as follows.

Or equally,

(선형 도메인에서 계산됨)

(Calculated in linear domain)

Wherein β _ed , β _c , and β _ec are the amplitude gains of E-DPDCH, DPCCH, and E-DPCCH, β _bec is the amplitude gain of boosted E-DPCCH, and A _ed and A _ec is the amplitude ratio of E-DPDCH to DPCCH and the amplitude ratio of non-boost E-DPCCH to DPCCH, respectively, A _b-ec is the amplitude ratio of boosted E-DPCCH to DPCCH, and B _{ec_boost} is E-boost The ratio of the amplitude of the DPCCH to the increased amplitude due to boosting the DPCCH.

Although these equations are written in linear and amplitude, those skilled in the art will understand that these equations can be derived by any other way, for example, to take into account the boost of power in the metric. For example, powers may be used instead, or calculations may occur in the log domain.

In an example operation, the power of channels other than the DPCCH may be set relative to the power of the DPCCH. As an example, an increase of 1 dB in DPCCH power may result in an increase in power by 1 dB for other channels. In an exemplary operation, if a power boost is deployed, the UE operatively sets the power of the channels other than the DPCCH to the power of the nominal DPCCH, i.e., the DPCCH when not boosted. In an example operation, the DPCCH power may be arbitrarily boosted without affecting the power of other channels transmitted by the UE. Also, illustratively, the power of the E-DPDCH may be adjusted and specified for nominal DPCCH power or boosted DPCCH power. In an example operation, data may be transmitted by one or more cooperating wireless terminals over the E-DPDCH in a fixed time interval (eg, transmission time interval (TTI)).

Pilot channel optimization

Referring next to FIG. 1, shown is a multiple access wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The base station 100 (BS) has one antenna including numerals 104 and 106, another antenna comprising numerals 108 and 110, and additional antennas including numerals 112 and 114. It includes a plurality of antenna groups. In FIG. 1, only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, but more antennas may be used for each antenna group. The user equipment 116 (UE) is in communication with the antennas 112 and 114, where the antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to the UE 116 via the downlink 120, and the uplink ( Receive information from the UE 116 via 118. UE 122 is in communication with antennas 106 and 108, where antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to UE 122 via downlink 126, and transmit uplink 124. Receive information from the UE 122 via. In an FDD system, communication links 118, 120, 124, and 126 may use different frequencies for communication. For example, downlink 120 may use a different frequency than the frequency used by uplink 118.

Each group of areas and / or antennas designed to communicate is often referred to as a sector of a base station. In an example implementation, each of the antenna groups is designed to communicate with the UE in a sector of the areas covered by the base station 100.

In communication over the downlinks 120 and 126, the transmit antennas of the base station 100 may use beamforming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the downlinks for different UEs 116 and 124. It may be.

As mentioned above, a base station may be a fixed station used to communicate with terminals, and may also be referred to as an access point, Node B, or some other terminology. User equipment (UE) may also be referred to as an access terminal, a wireless communication device, a terminal, or some other terminology.

2 is a wireless communication system 200 having multiple base stations 210 and multiple user equipments (UE) 220, which may be used in conjunction with one or more aspects of the systems and methods described herein. To show. Generally, but not necessarily, a base station is a fixed station that communicates with terminals, and may also be referred to as an access point, Node B, or some other terminology. Each base station 210 provides communication coverage for a particular geographic area, shown as three geographic areas, labeled 202a, 202b, and 202c. The term "cell" may refer to a base station and / or its coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. To improve system capacity, the base station coverage area may be divided into a number of smaller areas (eg, three smaller areas 204a, 204b, and 204c according to the coverage area 202a of FIG. 2). It may be. Each smaller area may be served by a respective base station transceiver subsystem (BTS). The term "sector" may refer to a BTS and / or its coverage area depending on the context in which the term is used. In a sectorized cell, the BTSs for all sectors of that cell are typically located in the same place within the base station for that cell. The transmission techniques described herein may be used for systems with sectorized cells as well as systems with unsectored cells. For simplicity, in the following description, the term " base station " is generally used for fixed stations serving cells as well as fixed stations serving sectors.

Typically, user equipments 220 are scattered throughout the system, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. UE may also be referred to as a mobile station, terminal, user device, or some other terminology. The UE may be a wireless device, cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem card, or the like. Each terminal 220 may communicate with zero, one, or multiple base stations on the downlink and uplink at any given moment. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the terminals, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the base stations.

In a centralized architecture, system controller 230 is coupled to base stations 210 and provides coordination and control for base stations 210. In a distributed architecture, the base stations 210 may communicate with each other as needed. Additional channels of the downlink (eg, control channel) may be transmitted from multiple base stations to one UE. As described above with respect to FIG. 1, uplink data communication may occur from one UE to one or more base stations, via one or more antennas at terminals 220 or base stations 210.

3A illustrates an exemplary non-limiting high-level block diagram of a system that facilitates pilot channel optimization in accordance with various aspects of the systems and methods described herein. System 300A includes user equipment 302 communicatively coupled to base station 304 in a wireless manner. That is, the base station 304 is providing voice and / or data services to the UE 302 via the downlink 310, and the uplink (such as CDMA or single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) uplink ( Receiving a communication from the user equipment 302 via 312. Since the user equipment 302 can be mobile in nature, the quality associated with signals received from the base station 304 can change each time the UE 302 moves to a different geographic area. The user equipment 302 is provided by a pilot control mechanism 308 located at a base station 305 that operatively monitors pilot signals in the manner described herein to enable channel condition estimation among other functions. In response to the instructions provided, it can include a pilot feedback mechanism 306 that responds to control one or more power operations of the user equipment. In addition, among other functions, the UE 302 and / or base station 304 may include other auxiliary components that facilitate the transfer of related information or data used to adaptively determine the pilot allocation scheme. Will recognize.

3B shows a base station 304 receiving signals from a plurality of UEs 302 such that uplink pilot signals are monitored in accordance with various aspects of the systems and methods described herein. Base station 304 is shown as receiving signals from a plurality of UEs 302 (1 through Z), where Z is an integer.

The following description relates to signaling between a network (eg, base station 304 and / or system controller 230) and a wireless terminal (eg, UE 302 or UE 220) in the context of UMTS. Provide additional background information. In one aspect, logical channels are classified into control channels and traffic channels. Logical control channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), which is a downlink (DL) channel for broadcasting system control information, a paging control channel (PCCH), which is a downlink channel that carries paging information, and one or more multicast traffic. And a multicast control channel (MCCH), a point-to-multipoint downlink channel used to transmit multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS) scheduling and control information for channels (MTCHs). In general, after establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection, this channel is used only by the UEs 302 receiving the MBMS. Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bidirectional channel for transmitting dedicated control information and is used by UEs 302 having an RRC connection. In another aspect, logical traffic channels include a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH), which is a point-to-point bidirectional channel dedicated to one UE for the delivery of user information. Also included is the MTCH for the point-to-multipoint downlink channel for transmitting traffic data.

In another aspect, transport channels are classified into downlink and uplink. Downlink transport channels are broadcast over a dedicated channel (DCH), broadcast channel (BCH), forward access channel (FACH), high speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH), and the entire cell and map to PHY resources Paging channel (PCH), which can be used for other control / traffic channels. Uplink transport channels include a dedicated channel (DCH), an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH), and a random access channel (RACH). PHY channels include a set of DL channels and UL channels.

For the description of certain non-limiting embodiments of the invention, the following terms are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosed invention. Accordingly, it will be understood that the description herein is only one of many embodiments that may be possible while remaining within the scope of the appended claims. The HS-DSCH is a high speed downlink shared channel, the CPICH is a common pilot channel, and the slot is a time duration of 0.666 milliseconds (ms).

4 illustrates an example implementation of example non-limiting pilot optimization. As shown, the wireless communication system 400 is a base station 404 operative to convey data and operational signals over the user equipment 402 and communication channels 412 and 410 (eg, pilot channel). It includes. In an exemplary operation, the base station pilot control mechanism 408 is a pilot channel (eg, for performing pilot boost) of the user equipment 402 in accordance with one or more selected conditions (eg, high data rate). The pilot channel conditions for the user equipment 402 may be monitored such that one or more power condition signals (not shown) may be provided to the user equipment power control mechanism 406 that operates to control the power of the device. Power control may be performed in accordance with one or more of the illustrated operations described herein (ie, as described in the “pilot boost” section).

Referring next to FIG. 5, a communication device 500 for use in a wireless communication environment is shown. Apparatus 500 may be base station 304 or a portion thereof, or user equipment 302 or a portion thereof (such as a secure digital (SD) card coupled to a processor). Apparatus 500 may include a memory 502 that holds various instructions regarding signal processing, communication scheduling, measurement gap requests, and / or the like. For example, if the apparatus 500 is user equipment as described below in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12 and 15, the memory 502 analyzes the quality of the signals on the uplink and / or downlink channels for a particular base station. Instructions may be included. In addition, the memory 502 may include instructions for pilot channel optimization. To this end, the memory 502 receives uplink pilot channel data from the base station 304 to facilitate pilot channel optimization in accordance with certain schemes in accordance with various aspects of the systems and methods described herein. And instructions for processing. In addition, the memory 502 may include instructions to facilitate transmission of the optimized pilot channel. The example instructions and other suitable instructions may be retained in memory 502, and processor 504 may be used in connection with the execution of instructions (eg, depending on the number of active streams, frequency start location, etc.). Can be.

In addition, as described above, the apparatus 500 may be a base station and / or a portion thereof, as described below with respect to FIGS. 9 and 10 and 14. As one example, the memory 502 can include instructions for receiving an indication that a user equipment serviced by the apparatus 500 is being measured for other technologies and / or frequencies. In addition, the memory 502 may be an uplink pilot to facilitate performing one or more power control operations for the UE 302 in accordance with some manner in accordance with various aspects of the systems and methods described herein. Instructions for determining and transmitting channel data. To this end, the memory 502 may further include instructions to facilitate reception of an optimized pilot channel. The processor 504 can be used to execute instructions held in the memory 502. Although several examples have been provided, it will be appreciated that the instructions described in the form of a method (eg, FIGS. 6 and 7) can be included in the memory 502 and executed by the processor 504.

6 and 7, specific high-level methods are shown for optimizing pilot channel power conditions in accordance with various example implementations. For simplicity of explanation, the methods are shown and described as a series of acts, but some acts may occur in a different order than the order shown and described herein and / or concurrently with other acts. It will be understood and appreciated that the methods are not limited to the order of the acts. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may or may not be used to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more embodiments.

6 illustrates one particular high-level method 600 that facilitates uplink pilot optimization in connection with the pilot optimization schemes described herein. At 604, uplink pilot channel information needed to facilitate the pilot optimization scheme is determined by the base station 304 or a portion thereof, depending on a predetermined function of the power of the pilot channel. At 606, each uplink pilot channel information from one or more UEs 302 is monitored to facilitate UE 302 pilot optimization in accordance with some function related to pilot channel conditions and / or conditions. . At 608, the UE 302 receives and processes pilot optimization commands from the base station 304 or a portion thereof, in accordance with a predetermined function and respective uplink pilot channel information.

FIG. 7 illustrates one particular high-level method 700 for facilitating uplink pilot optimization in connection with the pilot optimization schemes described herein. At 704, in response to receiving respective uplink pilot channel information from the base station 304 or a portion thereof, at 706, the UE 302 or a portion thereof is determined by the uplink pilot channel information. Control the power of the pilot channel in accordance with a predetermined function. At 706, the UE 302 or a portion thereof transmits a power controlled pilot.

8 illustrates an example communications system 800 implemented in accordance with various aspects, including a number of cells, cell I 802, cell M 804. As indicated by cell boundary region 868, neighboring cells 802 and 804 overlap slightly, thereby allowing potential for signal interference between signals transmitted by base stations in neighboring cell boundary regions. Note that it creates a castle, each boundary region being shared between two adjacent sectors.

Sector boundary regions provide the potential for signal interference between signals transmitted by base stations in neighboring sectors. Line 816 represents a sector boundary region between sector I 810 and sector II 812, line 818 represents a sector boundary region between sector II 812 and sector III 814, and the line ( 820 represents a sector boundary region between sector III 814 and sector I 810. Similarly, cell M 804 includes a first sector, namely sector I 822, a second sector, namely sector II 824, and a third sector, namely sector III 826. Line 828 represents a sector boundary region between sector I 822 and sector II 824, line 830 represents a sector boundary region between sector II 824 and sector III 826, and the line ( 832 represents the boundary region between sector III 826 and sector I 822. Cell I 802 includes a base station (BS), ie, base station I 806, and a plurality of end nodes (NEs) (eg, wireless terminals) in each sector 810, 812, 814. do. Sector I 810 includes EN (1) 836 and EN (X) 838, coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 840, 842, respectively, and sector II 812. ) Includes EN (1 ') 844 and EN (X') 846 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 848, 850, respectively, and sector III 814 is , EN (1 ″) 852 and EN (X ″) 854 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 856, 858, respectively. Similarly, cell M 804 includes base station M 808 and a plurality of end nodes (EN) in each sector 822, 824, 826. Sector I 822 includes EN (1) 836 'and EN (X) 838' coupled to BS M 808 via wireless links 840 ', 842', respectively; , Sector II 824 is EN (1 ') 844' and EN (X ') 846' coupled to BS M 808 via wireless links 848 ', 850', respectively. And sector III 826 includes EN (1 '') 852 'and EN (X' ') coupled to BS 808 via wireless links 856', 858 ', respectively. 854 '.

The system 800 also includes a network node 860 coupled to BS I 806 and BS M 808 via network links 862, 864, respectively. In addition, network node 860 is coupled via network link 866 to other network nodes such as, for example, other base stations, AAA server nodes, intermediate nodes, routers, and the like. Network links 862, 864, 866 may be, for example, fiber optic cables. Each end node, for example EN (1) 836, may be a wireless terminal including a transmitter as well as a receiver. Wireless terminals, for example EN (1) 836, can move throughout the system 800 and can communicate over wireless links with a base station in the cell in which the EN is currently located. Wireless terminals (WTs), for example EN (1) 836, are connected via a base station, for example BS 806, to peer nodes within or outside of system 800, for example. , Other WTs, and / or network node 860. WTs, for example EN (1) 836, may be a mobile communication device such as a personal digital assistant, cell phone, or the like with a wireless modem. Each of the base stations or a portion thereof may perform pilot uplink channel information determination and transmission. In addition, each of the base stations or a portion thereof may perform uplink pilot demultiplexing in accordance with various aspects provided herein. The wireless terminals or some of them can adaptively multiplex the pilot by temporally changing pilot channel bandwidth and frequency location per SB 402 in accordance with a predetermined function of the number of active streams in accordance with the various aspects provided herein. Each provided uplink pilot channel information may be used to facilitate this. In addition, the wireless terminals or portions thereof may transmit multiplexed pilots to respective base stations.

9 shows a system that can be used in connection with uplink pilot multiplexing schemes that are adaptive to user equipment. System 900 receives signal (s) from one or more user devices 904 by one or more receive antennas 906 and receives one or more user devices 904 via a plurality of transmit antennas 908. And a base station 902 with a receiver 910 for transmitting with. In one example, receive antennas 906 and transmit antennas 908 can be implemented using a single set of antennas. Receiver 910 may receive information from receive antennas 906 and is operatively associated with a demodulator 912 that demodulates the received information. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the receiver 910 may include, for example, a rake receiver (eg, a technique for separately processing multi-path signal components using a plurality of baseband correlators, etc.), MMSE- The base receiver or any other suitable receiver for isolating user devices assigned thereto. For example, multiple receivers may be used (eg, one per receive antenna), and such receivers may communicate with each other to provide improved estimates of user data. The demodulated symbols are analyzed by a processor 914 similar to the processor 1106 described below with respect to FIG. 11, storing memory related to user device assignments, looking up tables related to the user device assignments, and the like. Coupled to 916. Receiver output for each antenna may be jointly processed by receiver 910 and / or processor 914. The modulator 918 can multiplex the signal for transmission by the transmitter 920 to the user devices 904 via the transmission antennas 908.

10 illustrates an example base station 1000 in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. Base station 1000 or a portion thereof implements various aspects of the systems and methods described herein. For example, base station 1000 may determine a pilot uplink channel information determination for subsequent transmission, to facilitate adaptive pilot multiplexing at the associated user equipment. Base station 1000 may be used as any of the base stations 806, 808 of system 800 of FIG. 8. The base station 1000 includes a receiver 1002, a transmitter 1004, a processor 1006, eg, a CPU, an input / output interface 1008, and a memory 1010, and the various elements 1002 thereof. , 1004, 1006, 1008 and 1010 are coupled together by a bus 1009 capable of exchanging data and information.

Sectorized antenna 1003 coupled to receiver 1002 is used to receive data and other signals, eg, channel reports, from wireless terminal transmissions from each sector in a cell of the base station, and one or more. It may include receiving antennas. Sectorized antenna 1005, coupled to transmitter 1004, transmits data and other signals, such as a control signal, a pilot, to wireless terminals 1200 (see FIG. 12) in each sector of the cell of the base station. Used to transmit signals, beacon signals, etc. In various aspects, base station 1000 may use multiple receivers 1002 and multiple transmitters 1004, for example, individual receivers 1002 are for each sector, and individual transmitters ( 1004) is for each sector. As described above, it will be appreciated that various modifications are possible. For example, in a SU-MIMO system, multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc. may be used within a base station and user equipment. Similarly, in an SDMA system, multiple users can transmit and receive signals from a base station having multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, and the like. The processor 1006 may be, for example, a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). Processor 1006 controls the operation of base station 1000 under the direction of one or more routines 1018 stored in memory 1010 and implements the method. I / O interface 1008 provides a connection to another network node, which couples BS 1000 to other networks and the Internet, such as other base stations, access routers, AAA server nodes, and the like. Memory 1010 includes routines 1018 and data / information 1020.

Data / information 1020 includes tone subset allocation sequence information 1038, including data 1036, downlink strip-symbol time information 1040, and downlink tone information 1042, and a wireless terminal (WT). A plurality of sets of information, namely WT data / information 1044 including WT 1 information 1046 and WT N information 1060. Each set of WT information, eg, WT 1 information 1046, includes data 1048, terminal ID 1050, sector ID 1052, uplink channel information 1054, downlink channel information 1056. ), And mode information 1058.

Routines 1018 include communication routines 1022 and base station control routines 1024. Base station control routines 1024 may include a scheduler module 1026 and a tone subset allocation routine 1030 for strip-symbol periods, other symbol periods, e.g., other non-strip-symbol periods. Signaling routines 1028 including a downlink tone assignment hopping routine 1032, and a beacon routine 1034.

The data 1036 is the data to be sent to the encoder 1014 of the transmitter 1004 for encoding prior to transmission to the WTs, and the WTs processed through the decoder 1012 of the receiver 1002 following reception. Contains data received from. Downlink strip-symbol time information 1040 may include frame synchronization structure information such as superslot, beacon slot, and ultraslot structure information, and whether a predetermined symbol period is a strip-symbol period, and the strip-symbol is selected by a base station. Information specifying whether it is a reset point for truncating the used tone subset allocation sequence, wherein if the predetermined symbol period is a strip-symbol period, the information is an index of the strip-symbol period. Downlink tone information 1042 includes information including a carrier frequency assigned to base station 1000, a number and frequency of tones, and a set of tone subsets to be assigned to a strip-symbol period, and slope, slope index, and sector type. Other cell and sector specific values.

Data 1048 may include data that WT 1 1200 receives from a peer node, data that WT 1 1200 wants to be transmitted to a peer node, and downlink channel quality report feedback information. Terminal ID 1050 is a base station 1000 assigned ID that identifies WT 1 1200. Sector ID 1052 includes information identifying a sector in which WT 1 1200 is operating. For example, sector ID 1052 can be used to determine the sector type. The uplink channel information 1054 may include channel segments allocated by the scheduler 1026 for use by the WT 1 1200, eg, uplink traffic channel segments for data, dedicated uplink for request. Information identifying the control channel, power control, timing control, number of active streams, and the like. Each uplink channel assigned to WT 1 1200 includes one or more logical tones, each logical tone in accordance with an uplink hopping sequence in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. Downlink channel information 1056 may be used to determine channel segments allocated by scheduler 1026, eg, downlink traffic channel segments for user data, to convey data and / or information to WT 1 1200. Contains identifying information. Each downlink channel assigned to WT 1 1200 includes one or more logical tones, each according to a downlink hopping sequence. The mode information 1058 includes information identifying the operating state of the WT 1 1200, eg, sleep, hold, on.

Communication routines 1022 control base station 1000 to perform various communication operations and to implement various communication protocols. Method steps of some aspects including performing basic base station functional tasks, eg, signal generation and reception, and scheduling, and transmitting signals to wireless terminals using tone subset allocation sequences during a strip-symbol period. To implement the above, base station control routines 1024 are used to control the base station 1000.

The signaling routine 1028 controls the operation of the receiver 1002 with the decoder 1012 and the transmitter 1004 with the encoder 1014. The signaling routine 1028 is responsible for controlling the generation of the transmitted data 1036 and control information. The tone subset allocation routine 1030 uses the method of aspect and uses the data / information 1020, including the downlink strip-symbol time information 1040 and the sector ID 1052, to strip-symbol periods. Constructs the tone set to be used in. The downlink tone subset allocation sequences will be different for each sector type in the cell and different for adjacent cells. WTs 1200 receive signals in a strip-symbol period in accordance with downlink tone subset allocation sequences, and base station 1000 uses the same downlink tone subset allocation sequences to generate the transmitted signals. Another downlink tone assignment hopping routine 1032 configures downlink tone hopping sequences using information including downlink tone information 1042 and downlink channel information 1056 during symbol periods other than strip-symbol periods. do. Downlink data tone hopping sequences are synchronized across sectors of the cell. Beacon routine 1034 is a beacon signal, for example that can be used for synchronization purposes, for example, to synchronize the frame timing structure of the downlink signal, and thus the tone subset allocation sequence for the ultra-slot boundary. Control signal transmission of a relatively high power signal concentrated at one or several tones.

11 shows a system 1100 that can be used in connection with pilot optimization schemes as described herein. The system 1100 includes, for example, a receiver 1102 that receives a signal from one or more receive antennas, on which perform a typical action (eg, filter, amplify, Downconversion, etc.) and digitize the conditioned signal to obtain samples. The pilot control mechanism 1104 can provide the received pilot symbols to the processor 1106 for channel estimation.

The processor 1106 may be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by the receiver component 1102 and / or generating information for transmission by the transmitter 1114. The processor 1106 analyzes the information received by the processor controlling one or more portions of the system 1100, and / or the receiver 1102, generates information for transmission by the transmitter 1114, and generates a system ( It may be a processor that controls one or more portions of 1100. System 1100 can include an optimization component 1108 that can optimize the performance of user equipment before, during, and / or after performing one or more techniques and / or frequency measurements. . Optimization component 1108 can be integrated into processor 1106. Optimization component 1108 may include optimization code to perform utilization based analysis in connection with request measurement gaps. The optimization code may utilize artificial intelligence based methods related to performing inference and / or probability determination, and / or statistics-based determination related to encoding and decoding schemes.

The system (user equipment) 1100 may additionally include a memory 1110 operatively coupled to the processor 1106 and storing information such as measurement gap information, scheduling information, and the like, where such information May be used in connection with allocating request measurement gaps and performing measurements during the measurement gap. In addition, the memory 1110 can store protocols related to generating lookup tables, etc., such that the system 1100 can use stored protocols and / or algorithms to increase system capacity. It will be appreciated that the data storage components (eg, memories) described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile memory and nonvolatile memory. By way of example, and not limitation, non-volatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. have. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, RAM may include synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM ( SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Memory 1110 is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable type of memory. The processor 1106 is connected to a symbol pilot feedback mechanism 1112 and a transmitter 1114 that transmits a modulated signal.

12 illustrates an example wireless terminal 1200 (eg, which may be used as any one of the wireless terminals (eg, EN (1) 836 of the system 800 shown in FIG. 8). End node, mobile device, etc.). The wireless terminal 1200 includes a receiver 1202 including a decoder 1212, a transmitter 1204 including an encoder 1214, a processor 1206, and a memory 1208, the various elements 1202, 1204, 1206, 1208 are coupled together by a bus 1210 capable of exchanging data and information. An antenna 1203 used to receive signals from a base station is coupled to the receiver 1202. An antenna 1205, which is used to transmit signals, for example to a base station, is coupled to the transmitter 1204. As mentioned above, it will be appreciated that various modifications are possible. For example, in a SU-MIMO system, multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc. may be used within a base station and user equipment. Similarly, in an SDMA system, multiple users can transmit and receive signals from a base station having multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, and the like.

The processor 1206, eg, the CPU, controls the operation of the wireless terminal 1200 and implements the method by executing the routines 1220 and using the data / information 1222 in the memory 1208.

Data / information 1222 includes user data 1234, user information 1236, and tone subset allocation sequence information 1250, in an example case of an OFDMA communication system. User data 1234 is data intended for a peer node, and decoder in receiver 1202, which may be routed to encoder 1214 for encoding prior to transmission by transmitter 1204 to base station 1000. It may include data received from the base station 1000, which is processed by 1212. The user information 1236 includes uplink channel information 1238, downlink channel information 1240, terminal ID information 1242, base station ID information 1244, sector ID information 1246, and mode information 1248. It includes. Uplink channel information 1238 includes information identifying an uplink channel segment allocated by base station 1000 for use when wireless terminal 1200 transmits to base station 1000. The uplink channels may include an uplink traffic channel, a dedicated uplink control channel, such as a request channel, a power control channel and a timing control channel. In an example case of an OFDMA communication system, each uplink channel includes one or more logic tones, each logical tone following an uplink tone hopping sequence. In some embodiments, uplink hopping sequences are different between each sector type of a cell and between adjacent cells.

Downlink channel information 1240 includes information identifying downlink channel segments assigned to the WT 1200 by the base station for use when the base station is transmitting data / information to the WT 1200. The downlink channels may comprise a downlink traffic channel and an allocation channel, each downlink channel comprising one or more logical tones, each logical tone being a downlink hopping sequence synchronized between each sector of the cell Follow.

In addition, the user information 1236 includes terminal ID information 1242, which is an identifier assigned to the base station 1000, base station ID information 1244 for identifying the specific base station 1000 to which the WT establishes communication, and the WT 1200. Sector ID information 1246 identifying the particular sector of the cell in which is currently located. In an exemplary OFDMA communication system, base station ID 1244 provides a cell slope value, sector ID information 1246 provides a sector index type, and the cell slope value and the sector index type are used to derive tone hopping sequences. Can be used. User information 1236 is also included in mode information 1248 that identifies whether the WT 1200 is in a sleep mode, hold mode, or on mode.

In some OFDMA embodiments, tone subset allocation sequence information 1250 includes downlink strip-symbol time information 1252 and downlink tone information 1254. Downlink tone information 1254 includes information including a carrier frequency assigned to base station 1000, the number and frequency of tones, and a set of tone subsets to be assigned to a strip-symbol period, and slope, slope index, and sector type. Other cell and sector specific values.

Routines 1220 include communication routines 1224 and wireless terminal control routines 1226. Communication routines 1224 control various communication protocols used by the WT 1200. Wireless terminal control routines 1226 control basic wireless terminal 1200 functionality, including control of receiver 1202 and transmitter 1204. Wireless terminal control routines 1226 include a signaling routine 1228. In some OFDMA embodiments, tone subset allocation routine 1230, downlink channel information, for generating downlink tone subset allocation sequences and processing received data transmitted from base station 1000 in accordance with some embodiments. 1240, base station ID information 1244, eg, user data / information 1222, including slope index and sector type, and downlink tone information 1254.

Some example implementation techniques may be implemented using software, hardware and / or a combination of software and hardware. Some embodiments relate to an apparatus, for example, a mobile node such as a mobile terminal, a base station, or a communication system implementing some example implementations. Furthermore, some example implementations relate to a method, eg, to control and / or operate mobile nodes, base stations and / or communication systems, eg, hosts, in accordance with some example implementations. . Furthermore, some example implementations include machine readable media, eg, ROM, RAM, CD, hard, including machine readable instructions for controlling a machine to implement one or more steps in accordance with some example implementations. Disk and the like.

In various example implementations, the nodes described herein may include one or more modules to perform steps corresponding to one or more methods of some example implementations, eg, signal processing, message generation, and / or transmission steps. Is implemented using Thus, in some example implementations, various features of some example implementations are implemented using modules. Such modules may be implemented using software, hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Most of the methods or method steps described above control a machine, eg, a general purpose computer, with or without additional hardware, for example, to implement all or some of the methods described above at one or more nodes. Can be implemented using machine executable instructions, such as software included in a memory device, eg, a machine readable medium such as RAM, floppy disk, or the like. Thus, among others, some embodiments may be machine-readable, including machine executable instructions for causing a machine, eg, a processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more of the steps of the method (s) described above. It is about the medium.

Many additional modifications to the methods and apparatus of some example implementations described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the above description of some example implementations. Such changes are to be considered within the scope of each of the example implementations. In various embodiments, the methods and apparatuses of some example implementations can be used to provide a wireless communication link between CDMA, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), SC-FDMA, and / or access nodes and mobile nodes. Can be used with a variety of other types of communication technologies. In some example implementations, access nodes are implemented as base stations that establish communication links with mobile nodes using OFDM and / or CDMA. In various embodiments, mobile nodes are implemented as a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or other portable devices including receiver / transmitter circuitry and logic and / or routines, to implement the methods of some embodiments. .

In accordance with one or more aspects described herein, it will be appreciated that inference may be made regarding the determination of uplink pilot channel information. As used herein, the term “infer” or “inference” refers to a system, environment, and / or from a set of observations as captured through an event and / or data. Refers generally to a process of inferring or inferring a state about a state of a user, a mobile device, an active uplink stream, and a base station. Inference can be used to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. Inference can be the calculation of a probability, ie, a probability distribution over a state of interest based on data and event considerations. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and / or data. Whether the events correlate temporarily in close proximity and whether the events and data come from one or more events and data sources, such inference may result in new events or actions from a set of observed events and / or stored event data. Results in their composition.

According to one example, the one or more methods provided above can include making inferences about determining active uplink streams to facilitate adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing. According to another example, inference may be made regarding estimating the probability of a desired signal distinguishable from one or more unwanted signals based on a set of uplink pilot signals. It will be appreciated that the above examples are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the number of inferences that may be made or the manner in which such inferences are made in connection with the various embodiments and / or methods described herein.

13 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting block diagram of a communication system including pilot optimization in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, wherein a transmitter system 1310 (eg, base station, base station, etc.) and receiver system 1350 (UE, user equipment, mobile node, etc.) is provided in the MIMO system 1300. In the transmitter system 1310, traffic data for multiple data streams is provided from the data source 1312 to the transmit (TX) data processor 1314. In an example implementation, each data stream is transmitted via a respective transmit antenna. TX data processor 1314 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for that data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for each data stream to provide coded data. In accordance with various example implementations of the systems and methods described herein, the transmitter system 1310 facilitates a pilot optimization scheme by transmitting uplink pilot channel information to the receiver system 1350.

Coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed into pilot data using OFDM techniques. Typically, pilot data is a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be used in the receiver system to estimate the channel response. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream may be determined by the instructions performed by the processor 1330.

Modulation symbols for all data streams are then provided to TX processor 1320, which may further process the modulation symbols (eg, for OFDM). TX processor 1320 then provides N _T modulation symbol streams to N _T transmitters (TMTR) 1322a through 1322t. In a particular embodiment, the TX processor 1320 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.

Each transmitter 1322 receives and processes each symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further condition (eg, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the analog signals to transmit on the MIMO channel. It provides a modulated signal suitable for. Then, N _T modulated signals from transmitters (1322a to 1322t) are, respectively, are transmitted from N _T antennas (1324a to 1324t).

In the receiver system 1350, the transmitted modulated signals are received by the N _R antennas 1352a-1352r, and the received signal from each antenna 1352 is sent to each receiver (RCVR) 1354a-1354r. Is provided. Each receiver 1354 conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) each received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to correspond to the "received" reception. Provides a symbol stream.

Then, the receiving RX data processor 1360, N _T of N _R reception symbol streams from N _R receivers 1354 to provide the "detected" symbol streams based on a particular receiver processing technique and Process. The RX data processor 1360 then demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. Processing by the RX data processor 1360 is complementary to the processing performed by the TX MIMO processor 1320 and the TX data processor 1314 in the transmitter system 1310.

The processor 1370 periodically determines which pre-coding matrix is used as described above. The processor 1370 formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion. The reverse link message may include various types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data stream. According to various aspects of the present invention, in response to receiving respective uplink pilot channel information from transmitter system 1310, receiver system 1350 optimizes the pilot channel in accordance with a predetermined function. The reverse link message is then processed by the TX data processor 1338, which also receives traffic data for the multiple data streams from the data source 1336, modulated by the modulator 1380, and sent to the transmitters ( Conditioned by 1354a through 1354r, and transmitted back to transmitter system 1310.

In transmitter system 1310, modulated signals from receiver system 1350 are received by antenna 1324, conditioned by receiver 1322, demodulated by demodulator 1340, and TX data processor 1342. ) To extract the reverse link message sent by the receiver system 1350. Processor 1330 then determines which pre-coding matrix was used to determine the beamforming weights, and then processes the extracted message. According to various aspects of the present invention, in response to receiving multiplexed pilots from receiver system 1350, transmitter system 1310 may determine its multiplexed pilot channel and respective uplink pilot channel information in accordance with a predetermined function. Demultiplexes.

Referring to FIG. 14, an apparatus 1400 is shown that facilitates pilot optimization in accordance with various non-limiting example implementations of the systems and methods described herein. For example, the apparatus 1400 may reside at least partially within a base station. It will be appreciated that the apparatus 1400 is represented as including functional blocks, which may be functional blocks representing functions implemented by a processor, software, or a combination thereof (eg, firmware). Apparatus 1400 includes a logical grouping 1402 of electrical components that can operate together. For example, logical grouping 1402 can include an electrical component 1404 for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel information at a base station. For purposes of illustration and not limitation, uplink pilot channel information may include a number of one or more active streams to be multiplexed, a number of available resource blocks, and / or a pilot start frequency location, any combination thereof, and the like. have. Logical grouping 1402 can also include an electrical component 1406 for receiving signals indicative of pilot control, as described above in more detail with respect to FIGS. 4, 6, and 7. Logical grouping 1402 can further include an electrical component 1408 for processing pilot control signals in accordance with a predetermined function of uplink pilot channel information. The apparatus 1400 can also include a memory 1410 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1404, 1406, and 1408. While shown as being external to memory 1410, it will be understood that one or more of electrical components 1404, 1406, and 1408 may exist within memory 1410.

Referring to FIG. 15, an apparatus 1500 is illustrated that enables pilot optimization in accordance with various non-limiting example implementations of the systems and methods described herein. For example, the apparatus 1500 may reside at least partially within a wireless terminal. It will be appreciated that the apparatus 1500 is represented as including functional blocks, which may be functional blocks representing functions implemented by a processor, software, or a combination thereof (eg, firmware). Apparatus 1500 includes a logical grouping 1502 of electrical components that can operate together. For example, logical grouping 1502 may include an electrical component 1504 for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information. For example, electrical component 1504 can include an electrical component for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information, as described above with respect to FIG. 14. In addition, logical grouping 1502 may include an electrical component 1506 for processing pilot control data depending on uplink pilot channel information, as described above in more detail with respect to FIGS. 4, 6, and 7. . In addition, logical grouping 1502 can include an electrical component 1508 for transmitting pilot feedback data. The apparatus 1500 may also include a memory 1510 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1504, 1506, and 1508. While shown as being external to memory 1510, it will be understood that one or more of electrical components 1504, 1506, and 1508 may exist within memory 1510.

It will be appreciated that the example implementations described herein may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. In a hardware implementation, processing units in a user equipment or network device may include one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable It may be implemented within a gate array (FPGA), a processor, a controller, a micro-controller, a microprocessor, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.

When the systems and / or methods described herein are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they may be stored on a machine-readable medium such as a storage component. A code segment may represent a procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. The code segment may be coupled to another code segment or hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, independent variables, parameters, or memory content. Information, independent variables, parameters, data, and the like may be communicated, forwarded, or transmitted using any suitable means, including memory sharing, message delivery, token delivery, network transmission, and the like.

In a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented in modules (eg, procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. Software codes may be stored in a memory unit and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means.

What has been described above includes examples of the disclosure. Of course, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methods to illustrate such matters, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many additional combinations and variations may be possible. Accordingly, the subject matter is intended to embrace all such modifications, variations, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Also, when the term "comprising" is used in the description or claims, such term, when used as a phrase in the claims, is similar to the term "comprising" as the term "comprising" is interpreted. It is intended to be comprehensive.

Claims (44)

A method for pilot optimization in a wireless communication system, Determining uplink pilot channel information at the base station; Transmitting the uplink pilot channel information to one or more wireless terminals to facilitate pilot optimization by participating in one or more selected pilot channel control operations; And Monitoring and directing power operations performed on one or more cooperating wireless terminals in accordance with the selected one or more pilot channel operations, The power operations performed on the one or more cooperating wireless terminals are related to the data rate and / or pilot channel condition of the one or more cooperating wireless terminals. The method of claim 1, Autonomously increasing the power level of the one or more control channels. The method of claim 1, Autonomously increasing the power level of the one or more control channels to a selected power level above a threshold power level as a function of the data rate of the data channel. The method of claim 3, wherein Reducing the power level of the one or more control channels to the threshold power level. The method of claim 1, Increasing the power level of the one or more enhanced control channels to the selected power level above the threshold power level. The method of claim 5, wherein Decoding the one or more enhanced control channels and flipping modulation signals to convert the one or more enhanced control channels to a pilot reference. The method of claim 6, Combining the pilot reference with one or more control channels to provide a phase and / or amplitude reference for demodulating other one or more control channels. A method for pilot optimization in a wireless communication system, Receiving uplink pilot channel information from a base station; Processing received pilot channel information according to a predetermined function of the uplink pilot channel information to control one or more power operations at one or more cooperating wireless terminals; And Transmitting pilot feedback data indicative of pilot channel operational status to the base station. The method of claim 8, The power control operations executed on the one or more cooperating wireless terminals are a function of the transmission data rate between the one or more cooperating wireless terminals and the base station. The method of claim 9, Increasing the power of the pilot channel when transmitting above the threshold data rate. The method of claim 10, When transmitting below the threshold data rate, further comprising reducing pilot channel power. The method of claim 10, And ignoring pilot instructions from non-serving cells. Determine and transmit uplink pilot channel information, transmit an optimized pilot signal for power control operations, and retain instructions for monitoring the transmitted optimized pilot signal according to a predetermined function of the uplink pilot channel information. Memory; And And a processor configured to execute the instructions in the memory. The method of claim 13, The communication device increasing the power level of the one or more enhanced control channels to a selected power level above a threshold power level. The method of claim 14, And the communication device decodes the one or more enhanced control channels and flips modulated signals to convert the one or more enhanced control channels into a pilot reference. The method of claim 15, And the communication device combines the pilot reference with one or more control channels to provide a phase and / or amplitude reference for demodulating other one or more control channels. A memory for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information, performing one or more power control operations in accordance with the received uplink pilot channel information, and retaining instructions for transmitting pilot operation and status data; And And a processor configured to execute the instructions in the memory. The method of claim 17, And the one or more power control operations are a function of transmit data rate. The method of claim 17, Wherein the communication device increases the power of the pilot channel when transmitting at or above a threshold data rate. The method of claim 17, Wherein the communication device reduces the power of the pilot channel when transmitting below a threshold rate. Means for determining uplink pilot channel information at a base station; Means for transmitting an optimized pilot signal for power control operations; And Means for monitoring the transmitted optimized pilot signal in accordance with a predetermined function of the uplink pilot channel information. The method of claim 21, The communication device increasing the power level of the one or more enhanced control channels to a selected power level above a threshold power level. The method of claim 21, And the communication device decodes one or more enhanced control channels and flips modulation signals to convert the one or more enhanced control channels into a pilot reference. The method of claim 21, And the communication device combines a pilot reference with one or more control channels to provide a phase and / or amplitude reference for demodulating the other one or more control channels. Means for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information; Means for performing one or more power control operations in accordance with the received uplink pilot channel information; And Means for transmitting pilot operation and status data. The method of claim 25, And the one or more power control operations are a function of transmit data rate. The method of claim 25, Wherein the communication device increases the power of the pilot channel when transmitting at or above a threshold data rate. The method of claim 25, Wherein the communication device reduces the power of the pilot channel when transmitting below a threshold rate. A stored computer for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel information, for transmitting an optimized pilot signal for power control operations, and for monitoring the transmitted optimized pilot signal according to a predetermined function of the uplink pilot channel information. A machine-readable medium having executable instructions. The method of claim 29, Further comprising stored computer-executable instructions for increasing the power level of the one or more enhanced control channels to a selected power level above a threshold power level. The method of claim 29, And stored computer-executable instructions for decoding one or more enhanced control channels and flipping modulation signals to convert the one or more enhanced control channels to a pilot reference. The method of claim 30, Further comprising stored computer-executable instructions for combining a pilot reference with one or more control channels to provide a phase and / or amplitude reference for demodulating the other one or more control channels. A machine having stored computer-executable instructions for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information, performing one or more power control operations in accordance with the received uplink pilot channel information, and transmitting pilot operation and status data. -Readable medium. The method of claim 33, wherein Further comprising stored computer-executable instructions for increasing the power of a pilot channel when transmitting above a threshold data rate. The method of claim 33, wherein Further comprising stored computer-executable instructions for reducing the power of the pilot channel when transmitting below a threshold rate. The method of claim 33, wherein Further comprising stored computer-executable instructions for ignoring pilot instructions from non-serving cells. Determine uplink pilot channel information at the base station; Transmit the uplink pilot channel information to one or more cooperating wireless terminals to facilitate pilot optimization by participating in one or more selected pilot channel control operations; And a processor configured to monitor and direct power operations performed on the one or more cooperating wireless terminals in accordance with the selected one or more pilot channel operations, And the power operations performed on the one or more cooperating wireless terminals are related to the data rate and / or pilot channel condition of the one or more cooperating wireless terminals. The method of claim 37, wherein Wherein the processor provides a signal to increase the power level of one or more enhanced control channels to a selected power level above a threshold power level. The method of claim 37, wherein And the processor provides a signal for decoding one or more enhanced control channels and flipping modulation signals to convert the one or more enhanced control channels to a pilot reference. The method of claim 38, And the processor combines a pilot reference with one or more control channels to provide a signal to provide a phase and / or amplitude reference for demodulating the other one or more control channels. Receive uplink pilot channel information from a base station; Process received pilot channel information according to a predetermined function of the uplink pilot channel information to control one or more power operations in one or more cooperating wireless terminals; And a processor configured to transmit pilot feedback data indicative of a pilot channel operational state to the base station. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein And the processor provides a signal to increase the power of a pilot channel when transmitting at or above a threshold data rate. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein And the processor provides a signal to reduce the power of the pilot channel when transmitting below a threshold rate. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein And the processor provides a signal to ignore pilot instructions from non-serving cells.

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