KR20090100151A - A nuclear transformation method for preparing isotopes and for generating new nuclear species - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A nuclear transformation method for preparing isotopes and generating new nuclear species is provided to solve a problem of nuclear transformation of a carbon dioxide causing global warming. CONSTITUTION: A nuclear transformation method for preparing isotopes and generating new nuclear species is comprised of the steps: Injecting selected gas from nitrogen, oxygen, argon, steam, and carbon dioxide and a mixture of them into a reactor(7); raising inside temperature from of reactor from 150°C to 900°C while the reactor including 50~100 weight of iron.; and pilling up a metal powder and dispersion agent into the reactor to radiate neutron.

Description

A NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION METHOD FOR PREPARING ISOTOPES AND FOR GENERATING NEW NUCLEAR SPECIES}

The present invention relates to a method of converting a gasizable substance into a gas mixture having a new composition by inducing a nuclear conversion reaction using a metal or transition metal capable of generating neutrons as a raw material.

The present invention uses a metal capable of generating neutrons to nucleate gaseous materials such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, or other materials that can be gasified by heating, such as water, alcohol, to produce hydrogen, helium, and the like. It has the property of fundamentally enabling material conversion, such as generating gaseous substances and isotopes of a composition different from that of.

Nuclear fission reactions or fusion reactions are conventionally used as nuclear transformation reactions. Nuclear fission reactions relate to a process for converting so-called radioactive materials having unstable atomic nuclei structures into a more stable structure in a natural state. The present invention relates to a process of converting deuterium or tritium to ultra-high temperature to other materials such as helium. However, the technology for converting nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., which have a very stable structure in the natural state, into other materials by nuclear conversion has not been reported except the method using a particle accelerator.

The problem is that, in most cases, the use of particle accelerators for the production of isotopes, the production of new nuclides from other sources of nuclide, or the dissolution of sources through the conversion of nuclides of global hazardous substances such as carbon dioxide is almost impossible economically. will be.

The present invention provides a method for producing a new nuclide, such as hydrogen, helium, using a metal that can generate neutrons by a simple heating method, and easily converts carbon dioxide to solve the above problems. There is a purpose.

In the nuclear conversion reaction method according to the present invention for achieving the above object, a gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor, carbon dioxide and a mixture of the gas is introduced into the reactor and the temperature inside the reactor at 150 ℃ It heats up in the range of 900 degreeC, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

At this time, the reactor may include 50% by weight to 100% by weight of iron.

In addition, the method may further include depositing a metal powder and a dispersant capable of releasing neutrons in the reactor, wherein the temperature inside the reactor is elevated to a temperature lower from 300 ° C. to 200 ° C. below the melting point of the metal powder. Preferably, the mixing ratio of the metal powder and the dispersant is 20% to 300% by volume, and the size of the metal powder and the dispersant is preferably 20 to 500 mesh.

Here, the metal powder may be a mixture or an alloy composed of any one or two selected from aluminum, zinc in the metal group, iron, cobalt, manganese, chromium, nickel in the transition metal group, and the dispersant may be kaolinite ), A group of natural minerals consisting of bentonite, attapulgite, zeolites, montmorillonite, zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), titanium oxide ( TiO ₂ ), cesium oxide (CeO ₂ ), vanadium oxide (V ₂ O ₅ ), silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) Any one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides or mixtures thereof Can be.

In the present invention, a reactor made of carbon steel or SUS steel containing a large amount of iron (Fe) capable of neutron generation or a mixture of metal powder or metal powder and metal powder dispersant capable of neutron generation is placed inside the reactor. The nuclear conversion reaction method of the present invention is implemented by adjusting a reaction temperature while injecting a gaseous substance such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, and then passes through the reactor by the method of the present invention. The isotopic and gas composition ratios of the gases differ significantly from those of the source gases.

We have the ability to release neutrons from a number of metals, including iron (Fe), and these metals generate higher amounts of neutrons at elevated temperatures and at higher temperatures, especially when the temperature is kept constant. Found to be prone to

In addition, the inventors of the present invention, when the iron is deposited in the reactor, and when the appropriate amount of argon is continuously injected into the reactor while increasing the temperature in the reactor, the product discharged from the reactor contains a considerable amount of hydrogen and a small amount of helium, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The existence of was confirmed by the study. In other words, the neutrons released from the nucleus of the metal are converted to hydrogen with a half-life of 10.6 minutes, and the newly generated materials in the reaction cannot be produced in the global environment unless the reaction using the neutrons. Therefore, it was inevitably concluded that iron emits neutrons during the heating process or in the warmed state, and it was confirmed that the released neutrons are the core material of the nuclear transformation reaction. In the present invention, neutrons generated from the metal are used to generate hydrogen and helium.

Therefore, the nuclear conversion method of the present invention is expected to be applicable to the production of hydrogen and helium, the production of isotopes such as heavy water, the production of new nuclides different from those of raw materials, or the nuclide conversion reaction for reducing carbon dioxide.

In addition, it provides a novel method that is much more economical than the conventional method using a particle accelerator, such as the production of isotopes such as the production of heavy water (D ₂ O, HDO, DTO) based on water (H ₂ O), It can be applied to the production of elements with different nuclides from raw materials, or to removal through elemental conversion of harmful substances such as carbon dioxide.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Experiment by the nuclear conversion reaction method of the present invention was carried out in the experimental apparatus of FIG.

Figure 1 shows a kind of nuclear conversion reaction apparatus for generating a nuclear conversion reaction according to the present invention, Figure 2 shows the structure of the reactor 7 used in the nuclear conversion reaction apparatus.

1 to 2, the nuclear conversion reactor includes a reactor 7 in which a nuclear reaction occurs, and a sampling container 6 connected to the reactor and supplying a reaction material to the reactor. The sampling container (6) is connected to the gas cylinder (1) for supplying a gas sample, between the gas cylinder (1) and the sampling container (6) flow meter (2) for properly supplying gas, mixing Evaporator 3 and gas flow regulator 4 may be further provided. A temperature control zone 5 for controlling the temperature of the feed gas may be further provided between the flow meter 2 and the sampling container 6.

In addition, the nuclear conversion reactor according to the present invention may be further provided with a result collector (6 ') for collecting the material produced in the reactor and a bubbler (9) for confirming the discharge of the generated gas.

Here, the temperature control section 5, the reactor 7 and the resultant harvesting container (6 ') can be connected to a temperature control device 10 to control the temperature, if necessary inside the reactor (7) A temperature meter can be equipped.

The reactor 7 is wound with a hot wire, or the desired metal powder is placed inside the reactor, and then the reactor is wound with a hot wire and the flow rate meter 2 and the gas flow regulator 4 are adjusted to nucleate the raw material gas to be reacted at a desired flow rate. While injecting into the reactor 7, the reaction is carried out by raising the temperature to the desired reaction temperature.

Referring to FIG. 2, the gas is injected through the gas inlet 21 and discharged to the gas outlet 25, and a wire mesh 23 and an internal temperature measuring tube 24 may be provided therein. Here, reference numeral 22, which is not described, corresponds to an O-ring.

In the examples of the present invention described below, the product was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry after the desired reaction time.

The present invention injects a gas or gaseous material into a gaseous state into the reactor 7 or into the reactor 7 loaded with a metal capable of generating neutrons to induce a nuclear conversion reaction with neutrons generated in the metal. It is characterized by. By doing so, it relates to a method of nuclear transformation of a substance which produces gaseous substances and isotopes having a composition different from that of the raw material, and thus enables material transformation in principle.

The nuclear conversion reaction starts at about 150 ° C. in the reactor 7, and lasts about 100 ° C. below the melting point of the metal deposited in the reactor 7, but at higher temperatures, the metal powder aggregates. It was observed that the reaction stopped slowly while this occurred. Therefore, the most preferable reaction temperature is from 300 ° C to 200 ° C lower than the melting point of the metal or up to 900 ° C in view of the reaction rate and economy.

The material of the reactor 7 is preferably a metal capable of generating neutrons, for example, stainless steel (SUS) steel or carbon steel containing a large amount of iron (Fe). When using stainless steel or carbon steel containing a large amount of iron, neutrons are generated in the iron constituting the reactor (7), so that the nuclear conversion reaction is possible even in an empty reactor.

However, when only the reactor 7 containing no iron is used alone to induce a nuclear conversion reaction, the nuclear conversion efficiency is significantly reduced. In particular, when the content of iron in the reactor material is less than 50% by weight of nuclear conversion efficiency is insignificant, the content of iron in the reactor material is preferably at least 50% by weight or more, more preferably at least 95% by weight The best nuclear conversion efficiency can be obtained.

In addition, when the metal powder capable of emitting neutrons is loaded in the reactor, the efficiency of the nuclear conversion reaction may be greatly increased. In this case, a metal powder dispersant may be mixed and used to maximize the utilization of the metal powder surface area.

At this time, the mixing ratio of the metal powder and the dispersant is preferably 20% by volume to 300% by volume. When the mixing ratio of the dispersant is 20% by volume or less of the metal powder, the dispersing effect of the metal powder is insignificant, and when 300% by volume or more, the amount of the metal powder per unit volume of the reactor is small and the reaction efficiency is greatly reduced. More preferably, the best reaction efficiency can be obtained when the mixing ratio of the dispersant is maintained at 50% by volume to 200% by volume of the metal powder.

In addition, when these metal powders and dispersants have a size of about 20 mesh or less, the reaction efficiency may be greatly reduced. In general, the smaller the reaction efficiency can be increased, but if it is about 500 mesh or more, since it may be lost to the outside of the reactor by the flow rate of the gas injected into the raw material, 20 to 500 mesh is preferred, 50 to 300 mesh Is most preferable because the reaction efficiency is the highest.

In the present invention, a type of metal powder capable of generating neutrons is a mixture or alloy composed of any one or two or more selected from iron, cobalt, manganese, chromium, and nickel in the aluminum, zinc, or transition metal group of the metal group. May be).

Compounds classified as dispersants for dispersing metal powders and improving surface area efficiency may include natural inorganic substances such as kaolinite, bentonite, atpulgite, zeolites, montmorillonite, and the like. Or metals such as zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), cesium oxide (CeO ₂ ), silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), and chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) Oxides can be used. It is also possible to use mixtures of any two or more of the above natural minerals and metal oxides.

As mentioned above, the metals and dispersants capable of emitting neutrons used in the present invention are both very common and inexpensive. Therefore, hydrogen, helium and the like that can be produced by the method of the present invention can be said to have a very high possibility of securing commercial economics.

In addition, the nuclear conversion reaction method of the present invention can be said to be highly applicable as a fundamental removal method through the nuclear species conversion of carbon dioxide causing the global warming problem, which is the current global problem, and can be used to stabilize nuclear waste. You can expect

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, the following examples are merely illustrative of the basic characteristics of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example  1. Hydrogen generation ability of various metal powders loaded inside the reactor

Using the experimental apparatus of FIG. 1, 30 g of the metal powder of Table 1 having a size of 100 to 300 mesh was placed in a reactor 7 made of Pyrex Glass and argon gas was flown at a flow rate of 50 ml / min for 3 hours. While passing through the reactor at room temperature while replacing all the air inside the reactor with argon, the flow rate of argon was lowered to 2ml / min. The temperature of the temperature control zone 5 was maintained at 200 ° C. and the temperature of the reactor 7 was raised to 350 ° C. 120 minutes after the temperature of the reactor reached 350 ℃, the volume content of the gas product was measured by gas chromatography (HP-5890), the analysis results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Argon passes through various metal powders into reactor, and results of hydrogen conversion and argon nuclear conversion of neutrons generated from metal

Compound name H ₂ (ppm) N ₂ (vol%) O ₂ (vol%) CO ₂ (vol%) H ₂ O and others (Vol%) aluminum 9200 1.57 0.036 0.45 97.02 zinc 29500 3.52 0.043 0.57 92.92 iron 24000 1.23 0.028 0.37 95.97 cobalt 540 1.71 0.034 0.41 97.80 manganese 3970 2.32 0.029 0.41 96.84 chrome 860 2.11 0.031 0.34 97.43 nickel 130 1.84 0.028 0.36 97.79

As described above, in the case of the nuclear conversion reaction according to the present invention, the zinc and iron were high in the generation rate of hydrogen, the lowest in nickel. Therefore, it can be inferred that the neutron generation amount of zinc and iron is relatively high.

In addition, the results of the above analysis show that the ratio of argon that is neutron generated from aluminum, zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese, chromium, nickel, and argon, which is a raw material gas, is nuclear-reacted to hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. 2.20 ~ 7.08% by volume, it can be confirmed that the argon is effectively nuclear conversion.

Example  2. The ability to produce hydrogen in the iron upon addition of various dispersants

30 g of iron powder and 30 g of various dispersants shown in Table 2 were mixed and loaded into the reactor 7 made of SUS 316 using the experimental apparatus of FIG. 1. At this time, the dispersant was used to perform a pre-treatment process of heat treatment at 550 ℃ for 1000 minutes to completely remove the water components and then stored in a vacuum desiccator. In the same manner as in Example 1, the temperature of the temperature control zone 5 was maintained at 200 ° C, and the temperature of the reactor 7 was maintained at 350 ° C. The volume content of the gaseous product after 120 minutes after reaching the temperature of 350 ° C. was measured by gas chromatography (HP-5890), and the analysis results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Results of Hydrogen Conversion and Argon Nuclear Conversion of Neutrons in Iron by Various Mixing Dispersions

Compound name H ₂ (ppm) N ₂ (vol%) O ₂ (vol%) CO ₂ (vol%) H ₂ O and others (Vol%) Aluminum oxide 57130 1.57 0.024 0.041 92.66 Silicon oxide 62090 1.27 0.043 0.049 92.43 zinc oxide 55200 1.24 0.035 0.051 93.15 Kaolinite 55700 1.71 0.031 0.034 92.66 Zeolite 56400 1.32 0.023 0.029 93.02

Comparing these results with the results of using only iron in Table 1, it can be seen that hydrogen is generated more than twice as many times, which increases the efficiency of neutron generation because the surface of iron is more effectively exposed to the outside by the use of dispersant. I can understand.

Example  3. Helium generation from various gaseous raw materials

3-1. empty SUS  316 Reaction in the reactor

Using the experimental apparatus of FIG. 1, the reactor was made of SUS 316 and maintained in an empty space. The raw material gases of Table 3 were injected into the reactor. The temperature of the temperature control zone 5 was 200 ° C., and the temperature of the reactor 7 was increased. The temperature was kept at 350 ° C. As in the case of Example 1, the inside of the reactor was flowed into the raw material gas at a flow rate of 50 ml / min for 3 hours to form an atmosphere, followed by injection of the raw material gas at a rate of 2 ml / min, and the reactor temperature reached 350 ° C. after 120 minutes. The volume content of the gas product was measured using gas chromatography (HP-5890), and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3

Nuclear Conversion of Various Gases in an Empty SUS 316 Reactor

Input gas  Gas generation He (ppm) H ₂ (ppm) N ₂ (vol%) O ₂ (vol%) CO ₂ (vol%) H ₂ O and others (Vol%) argon 22 240 1.52 0.33 0.44 97.69 Oxygen 12 147 2.17 96.54 0.24 1.04 nitrogen 17 119 97.82 0.50 0.13 1.54 carbon dioxide 13 73 2.37 0.45 95.32 1.76

3-2. Reaction characteristics during iron powder loading

In the reactor 7 of the SUS 316 material using the experimental apparatus of Figure 1 was loaded with 30g of iron as shown in Table 2, and the experiment was carried out as in the case of Example 3-1, the analysis results are shown in Table 4 same.

TABLE 4

Nuclear conversion reaction of various gaseous materials when iron powder is loaded

Input gas Gas generation He (ppm) H ₂ (ppm) N ₂ (vol%) O ₂ (vol%) CO ₂ (vol%) H ₂ O and others (Vol%) argon 49 122200 1.21 0.029 0.35 86.19 Oxygen 22 34500 3.78 90.41 0.26 2.10 nitrogen 52 295080 68.22 0.040 0.17 2.06 carbon dioxide 60 248940 0.34 0.027 72.30 2.44

3-3. With iron powder Dispersant Reaction characteristics at the time of loading

Using the experimental apparatus of FIG. 1, 30 g of iron powder and 30 g of aluminum oxide powder were mixed and loaded into the reactor 7 made of SUS 316, and the experiment was carried out as in the case of Example 3-1. As shown.

TABLE 5

Characterization of Helium in Various Gases with Iron and Alumina Loading

Input gas Gas generation He (ppm) H ₂ (ppm) N ₂ (vol%) O ₂ (vol%) CO ₂ (vol%) H ₂ O and others (Vol%) argon 51 132200 1.23 0.028 0.37 85.15 Oxygen 23 35000 4.17 90.05 0.24 2.04 nitrogen 54 294100 67.88 0.040 0.13 2.54 carbon dioxide 61 250400 0.35 0.024 71.83 2.76

Example  4. Heavy water generation reaction

1 g of iron powder and 30 g of aluminum oxide dispersant were mixed and loaded into the reactor 7 made of SUS 316 using the experimental apparatus of FIG. 1, and then gas and water vapor were injected. First, the raw material gas is passed through at a rate of 50 ml / min for 3 hours at 100 ° C., and then lowered at 1 ml / min and injected with ultrapure water at a rate of 0.2 g / hr. At 200 ° C., the temperature of reactor 7 was maintained at 350 ° C. The volume content of the gaseous product 120 minutes after the temperature of the reactor reached 350 ° C. was measured by gas chromatography (HP-5890), and the content of heavy water was analyzed by mass spectrometry (Agilent 5973i). The isotope ratio ( ²⁰ D ₂ O / ¹⁸ H ₂ O) in the irradiation section (retention time: 15.5 minutes-16 minutes) was 0.008339 and the analysis of this example in the same irradiation section. The results are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6

Characteristics of Heavy Water Generation with Various Gases and Steam Inputs

Input gas Gas generation ²⁰ D ₂ O / ¹⁸ H ₂ O Ratio % Increment ²⁰ D ₂ O Ratio ¹⁸ H ₂ O Ratio argon 0.98965 0.01035 0.010458 12.38 Oxygen 0.99118 0.00882 0.0088985 6.71 nitrogen 0.99097 0.00903 0.0091122 9.27 carbon dioxide 0.99013 0.00987 0.0099684 19.54

1 is a schematic diagram of a nuclear conversion reaction apparatus for causing a nuclear conversion reaction according to the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the reactor of FIG.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: gas cylinder 2: flow meter

3: mixed evaporator 4: gas flow controller

5: temperature control area 6: sampling container

6 ': Output Bin 7: Reactor

8: thermometer 9: bubbler

10: thermostat

21: gas inlet 22: O-ring

23: wire mesh (500 mesh) 24: internal temperature measuring tube

25: gas outlet

Claims (8)

A method of nuclear conversion reaction comprising introducing a mixture of a gas and a gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, steam, carbon dioxide into the reactor and raising the temperature of the reactor in the range of 150 ℃ to 900 ℃. The method of claim 1, The reactor is a nuclear conversion reaction method comprising 50% by weight to 100% by weight of iron. The method of claim 1, And depositing a metal powder and a dispersant capable of releasing neutrons in the reactor. The method of claim 3, The reactor internal temperature is a nuclear conversion reaction method characterized in that the temperature is raised from 300 ℃ to 200 ℃ lower than the melting point of the metal powder. The method of claim 3, The mixing ratio of the metal powder and the dispersing agent is a nuclear conversion reaction, characterized in that 20 to 300% by volume. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal powder and the dispersant have a size of 20-500 mesh. The method of claim 3, The metal powder is a nuclear conversion reaction method, characterized in that a mixture or alloy consisting of any one or two selected from aluminum, zinc, transition metal group of iron, cobalt, manganese, chromium, nickel in the metal group. The method of claim 3, The dispersing agent is a natural inorganic group consisting of kaolinite, bentonite, bentonite, attapulgite, zeolites, montmorillonite, zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), Any one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides consisting of titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), cesium oxide (CeO ₂ ), vanadium oxide (V ₂ O ₅ ), silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), and chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) Nuclear conversion reaction method characterized in that the mixture.

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