KR20090064008A - Apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxide cotained in exhaust gas - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 자동차의 배기 장치에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 배기 가스 내에 포함되어 있는 질소산화물을 효과적으로 저감하는 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle exhaust apparatus, and more particularly, to an apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases that effectively reduces nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gases.
일반적으로 엔진에서 배기 매니폴드를 통해 배출되는 배기가스는 배기 파이프의 도중에 형성된 촉매 컨버터(Catalytic converter)로 유도되어 정화되고, 머플러를 통과하면서 소음이 감쇄된 후 테일 파이프를 통해 대기 중으로 방출된다. 상기한 촉매 컨버터는 매연여과장치(DPF, Diesel Particulate Filter)의 일종으로 배출가스에 포함되어 있는 오염물질을 처리한다. 그리고 상기한 촉매컨버터 내부에는 배기가스에 포함된 입자상 물질(PM)을 포집하기 위한 촉매 담체가 형성되어 엔진에서 배출되는 각종 배기가스를 화학적 변환과정을 통하여 정화시키게 되는 것이다.In general, the exhaust gas discharged from the engine through the exhaust manifold is guided to a catalytic converter formed in the middle of the exhaust pipe and purified, and the noise is attenuated while passing through the muffler, and then released into the atmosphere through the tail pipe. The catalytic converter is a type of diesel particulate filter (DPF) to treat pollutants contained in the exhaust gas. In addition, a catalyst carrier for trapping particulate matter (PM) contained in the exhaust gas is formed inside the catalytic converter to purify various exhaust gases discharged from the engine through a chemical conversion process.
상기와 같은 역할을 하는 촉매 컨버터에 적용되는 촉매형식 중의 하나로 선택적 촉매 환원 장치(SCR, Selective Catalytic Reduction)가 있다. 선택적 촉매 환원 장치(SCR)는 일산화탄소와 총 탄화수소(Total Hydrocarbon; THC) 등과 같은 환원제가 산소와 질소산화물 중에서 질소산화물과 더 잘 반응하도록 한다는 의미에서 선택적 촉매 환원이라고 명명되고 있다.One of the types of catalysts applied to the catalytic converter which plays such a role is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). The selective catalytic reduction device (SCR) is named selective catalytic reduction in the sense that a reducing agent such as carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbon (THC) reacts better with nitrogen oxides in oxygen and nitrogen oxides.
종래의 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치에 따르면, 디젤산화촉매(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst; DOC) 장치에서 총 탄화수소(Total Hydrocarbon; THC)와 일산화탄소(Carbon Monoxide; CO)를 산화시키고 일산화질소(Nitrogen Monoxide; NO)를 이산화질소(Nitrogen Dioxide; NO2)로 산화시킨 후, 이 과정에서 발생된 NO2와 환원제를 이용하여 SCR 장치에서 질소산화물(Nitrogen Oxide; NOx)을 질소기체(N2)로 환원시켰다. 그러나, 차량에 배기 가스 재생(Exhaust Gas Regeneration; EGR) 기술과 후분사(Post Injection) 기술이 적용되면서, 배기 가스 내의 THC와 CO가 증가하게 되었으며, 냉간 시동시에는 DOC 장치에서 상기 THC와 CO를 산화시킬 때 발생된 NO2가 사용된다. 즉, 낮은 온도에서 상기 THC와 CO를 산화시킬 때 NO2가 사용된다.According to the conventional apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are oxidized in a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) device and nitrogen monoxide (NO) is used. ) Was oxidized to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and then Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) was reduced to nitrogen gas (N2) in the SCR apparatus using NO2 and reducing agent generated in this process. However, as Exhaust Gas Regeneration (EGR) technology and Post Injection technology are applied to a vehicle, THC and CO in the exhaust gas are increased, and the THC and CO are discharged from the DOC apparatus during cold start. The NO2 generated when oxidizing is used. That is, NO 2 is used when oxidizing the THC and CO at low temperatures.
또한, 상기 DOC 장치에서 NO2가 발생하더라도 상기 DOC 장치 후단에 배치된 매연저감(Catalyzed Particulate Filter; CPF) 장치에서 수트(soot)의 재생을 위하여 상기 NO2가 사용된다. [식 1]은 상기 CPF에서 진행되는 수트 재생 반응을 나타낸다. In addition, even when NO2 is generated in the DOC device, the NO2 is used for regeneration of a soot in a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (CPF) device disposed at the rear of the DOC device. Equation 1 shows the soot regeneration reaction performed in the CPF.
[식 1][Equation 1]
C + NO2 → CO/CO2 + NO C + NO2 → CO / CO2 + NO
따라서, 종래의 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치에 따르면, DOC에서 발생된 NO2를 이용하여 NOx를 저감시키기가 어려웠다. Therefore, according to the nitrogen oxide reduction apparatus in the conventional exhaust gas, it was difficult to reduce NOx using NO2 which generate | occur | produced in DOC.
또한, EGR 기술과 후분사 기술의 적용에 의해 증가된 THC와 CO를 DOC 장치에서만 산화시키므로, THC와 CO가 완전히 산화되지 못하였다. In addition, since THC and CO increased by the application of the EGR technique and the post-injection technique are oxidized only in the DOC apparatus, the THC and CO were not completely oxidized.
따라서, 본 발명은 상기한 바와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 창출된 것으로, 본 발명의 목적은 배기 가스 내에 포함된 THC와 CO를 완전히 산화시키고, 이 과정에서 발생된 NO2를 SCR 장치에서 사용하여 NOx를 충분히 저감시키는 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치를 제공하는 것이다.Therefore, the present invention was created to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to completely oxidize the THC and CO contained in the exhaust gas, NO 2 generated in this process using the SCR device NO It is to provide a nitrogen oxide reduction device in exhaust gas that sufficiently reduces x .
이러한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치는, 제1 디젤산화촉매(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst; DOC)를 이용하여 배기 가스 내의 총 탄화수소(Total Hydrocarbon; THC)와 일산화탄소(Carbon Monoxide; CO)를 1차적으로 산화하는 디젤산화촉매(DOC) 장치; 상기 DOC 장치의 후단에 설치되어 DOC 장치로부터 1차 산화된 배기가스를 전달받으며, 상기 1차 산화 반응에서 발생되는 산화열과 내부에 코팅된 제2 DOC를 이용하여 THC와 CO를 2차적으로 산화시키고, 상기 산화열과 상기 내부에 코팅된 제2 DOC를 이용하여 일산화질소(Nitrogen Monoxide; NO)를 이산화질소(Nitrogen Dioxide; NO2)로 산화시키는 매연저감(Catalyzed Particulate Filter; CPF) 장치; 상기 CPF 장치 후단에 설치되어 있으며, CPF 장치에서 2차 산화된 배기가스에 환원제를 분사하는 분사 노즐; 그리고 상기 분사 노즐의 후단에 설치되어 있으며, 상기 CPF 장치에서 발생된 NO2와 상기 환원제를 이용하여 배기가스 내의 질소산화물(Nitrogen Oxide; NOx)을 질소기 체(N2)로 환원시키는 선택적 촉매 환원(Selective Catalytic Reduction; SCR) 장치;를 포함할 수 있다. An apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object is a total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide in exhaust gas using a first diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). A diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) device that primarily oxidizes (Carbon Monoxide; CO); It is installed at the rear of the DOC device to receive the first oxidized exhaust gas from the DOC device, and secondly oxidizes THC and CO by using the heat of oxidation generated in the first oxidation reaction and the second DOC coated therein. Catalytic Particulate Filter (CPF) device for oxidizing Nitrogen Monoxide (NO) to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) using the heat of oxidation and the second DOC coated therein; An injection nozzle installed at a rear end of the CPF apparatus and spraying a reducing agent to the secondary oxidized exhaust gas in the CPF apparatus; And it is installed at the rear end of the injection nozzle, the selective catalyst for reducing the nitrogen oxide (Nitrogen Oxide; NO x ) in the exhaust gas to the nitrogen gas (N 2 ) using the NO 2 and the reducing agent generated in the CPF device. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) device; may include.
상기 DOC 장치의 전단에 설치되어 있는 터보 챠져를 더 포함하되, 상기 터보 챠져는 DOC 장치에서 제1차 산화반응이 일어나도록 상기 DOC 장치로부터 설정 거리만큼 떨어져 있을 수 있다. Further comprising a turbocharger installed in front of the DOC device, the turbocharger may be separated from the DOC device by a set distance so that the first oxidation reaction occurs in the DOC device.
상기 DOC 장치의 제1 DOC는 백금(Platinum; Pt)과 팔라듐(Palladiun; Pd)을 포함하는 귀금속을 사용하며, 상기 백금과 팔라듐의 비율은 1:1 ~ 1:6일 수 있다. The first DOC of the DOC device uses a precious metal including platinum (Pt) and palladium (Palladiun (Pd)), and the ratio of platinum and palladium may be 1: 1 to 1: 6.
상기 DOC 장치의 제1 DOC는 그 지름이 100~120mm이고, 그 길이가 100~120mm일 수 있다. The first DOC of the DOC device may have a diameter of 100 to 120 mm and a length of 100 to 120 mm.
상기 제1 DOC에서 상기 귀금속 로딩(loading)량은 80~130g/ft3일 수 있다. In the first DOC, the loading amount of the noble metal may be 80 to 130 g / ft 3 .
상기 CPF 장치의 CPF에는 제2 DOC가 코팅되어 있을 수 있다. The CPF of the CPF device may be coated with a second DOC.
상기 제2 DOC는 Pt와 Pd를 포함하는 귀금속을 사용하며, 상기 Pt와 Pd의 비율은 1:2 ~ 1:6일 수 있다. The second DOC uses a noble metal including Pt and Pd, and the ratio of Pt and Pd may be 1: 2 to 1: 6.
상기 제2 DOC에서 상기 귀금속 로딩량은 30~60 g/ft3일 수 있다. The precious metal loading in the second DOC may be 30 ~ 60 g / ft 3 .
상기 제2 DOC의 60~80%는 상기 CPF 전단부에 코팅되어 있을 수 있다. 60 to 80% of the second DOC may be coated on the front end of the CPF.
상기 환원제는 암모니아일 수 있다. The reducing agent may be ammonia.
상술한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치에 의하면, DOC 장치에서 THC와 CO를 1차적으로 산화시키고 이 산화열을 이용하여 CPF 장치에서 THC와 CO를 2차적으로 산화시키므로 배기 가스 내에 THC와 CO를 충분히 저감할 수 있다. As described above, according to the nitrogen oxide reduction apparatus in the exhaust gas according to the present invention, the DOC apparatus primarily oxidizes THC and CO, and uses the heat of oxidation to oxidize THC and CO secondary in the CPF apparatus. THC and CO can be reduced enough inside.
또한, DOC 장치에서 THC와 CO를 산화시키는 과정에서 발생되는 산화열을 이용하여 NO를 NO2로 산화시키고 이 NO2를 이용하여 SCR 장치에서 NOx를 환원시키므로 배기 가스 내의 NOx를 충분히 저감할 수 있다. Further, by using the thermal oxidation in the DOC device is generated in the course of the oxidation of THC and CO and oxidize NO to NO 2 by using the NO 2 sufficient to reduce the NO x in the because the exhaust gas reduction of NO x in the SCR device Can be.
이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부한 도면에 의거하여 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail as follows.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치의 구성도이다. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 엔진(10)에서 발생된 배기 가스는 터보 챠져(20), DOC 장치(30), CPF 장치(40), 분사 노즐(50), 그리고 SCR 장치(60)를 순차적으로 지나가며 배기 가스 내에 유해한 성분이 제거된다. 상기 터보 챠져(20), DOC 장치(30), CPF 장치(40), 분사 노즐(50), 그리고 SCR 장치(60)는 배기 파이프(70)에 설치되어 있다. As shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust gas generated in the
엔진(10)은 혼합기를 연소하기 위한 복수개의 실린더(도시하지 않음)를 포함하고 있다. 상기 실린더는 흡기 매니폴드(도시하지 않음)에 연결되어 혼합기를 공 급받으며, 상기 흡기 매니폴드는 흡입 파이프(도시하지 않음)에 연결되어 외부의 공기를 공급받는다. The
또한, 상기 실린더는 배기 매니폴드(도시하지 않음)에 연결되어 연소 과정에서 발생한 배기 가스는 상기 배기 매니폴드에 모이게 된다. 상기 배기 매니폴드는 배기 파이프(60)에 연결되어 있다.In addition, the cylinder is connected to an exhaust manifold (not shown) so that the exhaust gas generated in the combustion process is collected in the exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold is connected to the
상기 터보 챠져(20)는 배기 가스의 에너지를 이용하여 터빈(도시하지 않음)을 회전시켜 공기의 흡입량을 늘린다. The
DOC 장치(30)는 상기 터보 챠져(20)의 후단에 설치되어 있으며, 상기 DOC 장치(30)에서 제1차 산화반응이 일어나도록 상기 터보 챠져(20)로부터 설정 거리(L1)만큼 떨어져 배치된다. 상기 설정 거리(L1)는 100~150mm인 것이 바람직하다. The
상기 DOC 장치(30)는 제1 DOC를 포함하고 있으며, 상기 제1 DOC는 백금(Platinum; Pt)과 팔라듐(Palladiun; Pd)을 포함하는 귀금속을 사용한다. 또한, 제1차 산화반응이 효과적으로 진행되도록 상기 백금과 팔라듐의 비율은 1:1 ~ 1:6이며, 상기 귀금속 로딩(loading)량은 80~130g/ft3인 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 제1차 산화반응이 효과적으로 진행되기 위해서는 배기가스의 흐름이 일정 지름을 가져야 하며, 이에 따라 상기 제1 DOC는 그 지름이 100~120mm이고, 그 길이가 100~120mm인 것이 바람직하다. The
상기 DOC 장치(30)는 배기 가스 내의 THC와 CO를 1차적으로 산화시키고, 산화된 배기 가스를 CPF 장치(40)에 전달한다. 또한, THC와 CO의 1차 산화 과정에서 발생되는 산화열을 그 후단의 CPF 장치(40)에 전달하여 2차 산화 반응에 사용하도록 한다. 상기 DOC 장치(30)에서 진행되는 1차 산화 반응식은 [식 2]와 같다. The
[식 2][Equation 2]
4HC + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O4HC + 3O 2 → 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O
2CO + O2 → 2CO2 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2
CPF 장치(40)는 상기 DOC 장치(30)의 후단에 설치되어 DOC 장치(30)로부터 1차적으로 산화된 배기 가스와 1차 산화 반응에서 발생된 산화열을 전달받는다. 상기 CPF 장치(40)는 그 내부에 CPF가 장착되어 배기 가스 내에 포함된 입자상 물질(Particulate Material; PM)을 거른다. 또한, 상기 CPF에는 제2 DOC가 코팅되어 있어 THC와 CO를 2차적으로 산화시키고, NO를 NO2로 산화시킨다. 상기 CPF 장치(40)에서 THC와 CO의 2차 산화 반응은 DOC 장치(30)의 산화열을 이용하여 진행되므로 산화 과정에서 NO2를 사용하지 않는다. 따라서, CPF 장치(40)에서는 NO2가 생성된다. The
또한, 상기 DOC 장치(30)의 산화열을 효과적으로 이용하기 위하여 상기 제2 DOC의 60~80%는 상기 CPF 전단부에 코팅되어 있다. 상기 제2 DOC는 백금과 팔라듐을 포함하는 귀금속을 사용한다. 또한, NO2가 과량으로 생성되어 NOx의 정화율이 감소하는 것을 방지하기 위하여, 상기 제2 DOC에서 상기 백금과 팔라듐의 비율은 1:2 ~ 1:6이며, 상기 귀금속 로딩량은 30~60 g/ft3인 것이 바람직하다. In addition, in order to effectively use the heat of oxidation of the
상기 CPF 장치(40)에서 진행되는 2차 산화 반응식은 [식 3]고 같다. The secondary oxidation reaction proceeding in the
[식 3][Equation 3]
4HC + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O4HC + 3O 2 → 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O
2CO + O2 → 2CO2 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2
2NO + O2 → 2NO2 2NO + O 2 → 2NO 2
분사 노즐(50)은 상기 CPF 장치(40)의 후단에 설치되어 있으며 상기 CPF 장치(40)에서 2차 산화된 배기 가스에 환원제를 분사한다. 상기 환원제는 암모니아일 수 있다. 일반적으로, 상기 분사 노즐(50)에서는 요소(Urea)를 분사하며 분사된 요소는 암모니아로 분해된다. The
상기 환원제와 섞인 배기 가스와 상기 CPF 장치(40)에서 발생된 NO2는 SCR 장치(60)에 공급된다. Exhaust gas mixed with the reducing agent and NO 2 generated in the
SCR 장치(60)는 상기 분사 노즐(50)의 후단에 설치되어 있으며, Fe??zeolite 촉매를 포함한다. 상기 SCR 장치(60)는 상기 CPF 장치(40)에서 발생된 NO2와 상기 환원제를 이용하여 배기가스 내의 NOx를 질소 기체(N2)로 환원시켜 배기 가스 내의 NOx를 저감한다. The
상기 SCR 장치(60)에서 진행되는 반응식은 [식 4]와 같다. The reaction scheme proceeding in the
[식 4][Equation 4]
4NH3 + 4NO + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O4NH 3 + 4NO + O 2 → 4N 2 + 6H 2 O
2NH3 +NO + NO2 → 2N2 + 3H2O2NH 3 + NO + NO 2 → 2N 2 + 3H 2 O
8NH3 + 6NO2 → 7N2 + 12H2O8NH 3 + 6NO 2 → 7N 2 + 12H 2 O
이하, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치의 작동을 상세히 설명한다. Hereinafter, the operation of the nitrogen oxide reduction device in the exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치가 작동하는 흐름도이다.2 is a flowchart in which the apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention operates.
도 2에 도시된 바와 같이, 엔진(10)에서 연소되어 터보 챠져(20)를 통과한 배기 가스는 DOC 장치(30)에 유입되고, 상기 DOC 장치(30)는 배기 가스 내의 THC와 CO를 1차적으로 산화한다(S110).As shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust gas combusted by the
1차 산화된 배기 가스와 상기 1차 산화 반응에서 발생된 산화 반응열은 CPF 장치(40)에 공급되고, CPF 장치(40)는 배기 가스 내의 THC와 CO를 2차적으로 산화한다(S120). 또한 상기 CPF 장치(40)는 배기 가스 내의 NO를 NO2로 산화한다(S130).The primary oxidized exhaust gas and the heat of oxidation reaction generated in the primary oxidation reaction are supplied to the
그 후, 분사 노즐(50)은 2차 산화된 배기 가스에 환원제를 공급하고(S140), 상기 배기 가스는 SCR 장치(60)에 공급된다. Thereafter, the
SCR 장치(60)에서는 상기 CPF 장치(40)에서 생성된 NO2와 분사노즐(50)에서 분사된 환원제를 이용하여 NOx를 N2로 환원한다(S150).In the
이상으로 본 발명에 관한 바람직한 실시예를 설명하였으나, 본 발명은 상기 실시예에 한정되지 아니하며, 본 발명의 실시예로부터 당해 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의한 용이하게 변경되어 균등하다고 인정되는 범위의 모든 변경을 포함한다.Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and easily changed and equalized by those skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention. It includes all changes to the extent deemed acceptable.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치의 구성도이다. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 배기 가스 내의 질소산화물 저감 장치가 작동하는 흐름도이다. 2 is a flowchart in which the apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention operates.
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US8246923B2 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-08-21 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | High Pd content diesel oxidation catalysts with improved hydrothermal durability |
US8557203B2 (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2013-10-15 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Architectural diesel oxidation catalyst for enhanced NO2 generator |
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DE10020100A1 (en) * | 2000-04-22 | 2001-10-31 | Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts | Process and catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides |
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US6813884B2 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2004-11-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of treating diesel exhaust gases |
GB0220645D0 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2002-10-16 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Exhaust system for a lean burn ic engine |
DE10300298A1 (en) * | 2003-01-02 | 2004-07-15 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Exhaust gas aftertreatment device and method |
GB2406803A (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2005-04-13 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Exhaust system comprising exotherm-generating catalyst |
DE102005013707A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine and method for operating an internal combustion engine |
KR100680184B1 (en) | 2005-07-06 | 2007-02-07 | 희성엥겔하드주식회사 | Diesel particulate filter |
US7576031B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2009-08-18 | Basf Catalysts Llc | Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalyst with CO/HC light-off and HC storage function |
US8800268B2 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2014-08-12 | Basf Corporation | Zone coated filter, emission treatment systems and methods |
US7980065B2 (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | Corning Incorporated | Regeneration method for ceramic honeycomb structures |
US7966812B2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2011-06-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Multi-stage regeneration of particulate filter |
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DE102008040000A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
KR100999616B1 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
DE102008040000B4 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
US20090151341A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
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