KR20090063839A - Apparatus for protecting battery from over-charge for vehicle - Google Patents

Apparatus for protecting battery from over-charge for vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20090063839A
KR20090063839A KR1020070131349A KR20070131349A KR20090063839A KR 20090063839 A KR20090063839 A KR 20090063839A KR 1020070131349 A KR1020070131349 A KR 1020070131349A KR 20070131349 A KR20070131349 A KR 20070131349A KR 20090063839 A KR20090063839 A KR 20090063839A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
battery
vehicle
change
battery cell
overcharge
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KR1020070131349A
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Korean (ko)
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방준호
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현대자동차주식회사
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Priority to KR1020070131349A priority Critical patent/KR20090063839A/en
Publication of KR20090063839A publication Critical patent/KR20090063839A/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for preventing overcharge of a battery of a vehicle is provided to prevent overcharge by switching off a main relay after sensing deformation of a battery cell due to gas generated in an anode. An apparatus for preventing overcharge of a battery of a vehicle includes a void change sensing device detecting change of a void when a battery cell(120) expands due to gas generated by overcharging of the battery. The void cools the battery formed between battery cells. An apparatus for detecting the void is a proximity sensor(140) detecting change of the void by measuring distance of a tag(130) detached on a point changed by expansion of the battery cell.

Description

차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치{Apparatus for protecting battery from over-charge for vehicle}Apparatus for protecting battery from over-charge for vehicle}

본 발명은 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 과충전시 양극에서 발생하는 가스에 의해 배터리셀의 변형을 감지하여 메인 릴레이를 오프시킴으로써, 배터리로 흐르는 전류를 차단하여 배터리가 열폭주에 이르기 전에 과충전 상황을 종료시킬 수 있는 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a vehicle overcharge protection device for a vehicle, and more particularly, by detecting the deformation of the battery cell by the gas generated from the positive electrode during overcharging and turning off the main relay, by blocking the current flowing to the battery to prevent the battery from thermal runaway It relates to a vehicle battery overcharge protection device that can terminate the overcharge situation before it arrives.

일반적으로, 하이브리드 차량용 2차전지(이하 배터리라 칭함)는 과충전이 지속되면 열폭주 현상에 의해 배터리가 발화되어 차량 안전성에 문제를 야기할 수 있다.In general, a hybrid vehicle secondary battery (hereinafter, referred to as a battery) may cause a problem in vehicle safety due to thermal ignition when the battery continues to be overcharged.

따라서, 기존 하이브리드 차량에서는 배터리제어기(BMS)에서 배터리 상태(전류, 전압, 온도 등)를 모니터링하여 이들 인자가 정상동작 범위를 벗어날 경우, 메인릴레이를 오프(Off)시켜 배터리가 과충전되지 않도록 관리하게 된다. Therefore, in the existing hybrid vehicle, the battery controller (BMS) monitors the battery status (current, voltage, temperature, etc.) and when these factors are out of the normal operating range, the main relay is turned off to manage the battery from being overcharged. do.

또한, 기존 휴대폰이나 노트북 컴퓨터 등에 사용되는 원통형이나 각형 타입의 2차전지는 과충전에 대한 보호기능으로 배터리의 캡부위에 안전장치(특허공개번호 제1999-0031352호 전지의 안전장치)를 적용하고 있으며 그 작동 원리는 아래와 같다.In addition, the cylindrical or square type secondary batteries used in existing mobile phones or notebook computers are applying a safety device (patent publication No. 1999-0031352 battery safety device) to the cap portion of the battery as a protection against overcharge. The principle of operation is as follows.

도 4에 도시된 바와 같이, 리튬이온 2차전지(20) 내부에서 압력이 상승하면 안전변(21h)이 리벳부재(21e)의 개구부(21e')를 통하여 상측으로 밀려나게 되면서 양극탭 고정부(21j)와 안전변(21h)의 용접부위가 탈락된다. As shown in FIG. 4, when the pressure rises inside the lithium ion secondary battery 20, the safety side 21h is pushed upward through the opening 21e ′ of the rivet member 21e, and the positive electrode tab fixing part ( 21j) and the welding part of the safety valve 21h are dropped.

이렇게 되면, 양극탭 고정부(21j)와 양극부재(21c)가 탈락되어 전기적으로 절연되어 상기 각형 리튬이온 2차전지(20)의 내부와 외부를 전기적으로 차단하게 된다.In this case, the positive electrode tab fixing part 21j and the positive electrode member 21c are dropped and electrically insulated, thereby electrically blocking the inside and the outside of the prismatic lithium ion secondary battery 20.

종래 하이브리드 차량에서 적용중인 배터리의 과충전 보호장치는 도 5에 도시된 바와 같이, 배터리 제어기(11)에서 고장(온도, 전류센서 고장)이 발생하게 될 경우, 그 보호기능이 작동하지 않을 수 있으며, 이에 따라 상기 배터리 제어기(11)의 고장 시에도 배터리(10)의 과충전 현상을 감지하여 메인릴레이(12)를 오프시킬 수 있는 별도의 보호장치가 필요하다.The overcharge protection device of the battery being applied in the conventional hybrid vehicle, as shown in Figure 5, when a failure (temperature, current sensor failure) occurs in the battery controller 11, the protection function may not work, Accordingly, even when the battery controller 11 fails, a separate protection device for detecting an overcharge phenomenon of the battery 10 to turn off the main relay 12 is required.

또한, 상기한 전지의 안전장치는 캡구조를 가진 원통이나 각형 2차 전지에는 적용할 수 있으나, 근본적으로 캡구조를 가지지 않는 파우치 타입의 리튬폴리머 전지에는 적용할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. In addition, the safety device of the battery can be applied to a cylindrical or rectangular secondary battery having a cap structure, there is a problem that can not be applied to a pouch type lithium polymer battery that does not have a cap structure fundamentally.

따라서, 본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 발명한 것으로서, 과충전시 양극에서 발생하는 가스에 의해 배터리셀의 변형을 감지하여 메인 릴레이를 오프시킴으로써, 배터리로 흐르는 전류를 차단하여 배터리가 열폭주에 이르기 전에 과충전 상황을 종료시킬 수 있는 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치를 제공하고자 한다. Therefore, the present invention has been invented to solve the above problems, by detecting the deformation of the battery cell by the gas generated from the positive electrode during overcharging to turn off the main relay, the battery is thermal runaway by blocking the current flowing to the battery It is to provide a vehicle battery overcharge protection device that can terminate the overcharge situation before the.

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치에 있어서,In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vehicle battery overcharge protection device,

배터리(10)의 과충전으로 인한 발생 가스로 인해 배터리셀(120)이 팽창 시, 상기 배터리셀(120) 사이에 배터리(10)의 냉각을 위하여 형성된 공극의 변화를 감지 가능한 공극변화 감지장치(100)인 것을 특징으로 한다.Pore change detection device 100 capable of detecting a change in air gap formed for cooling the battery 10 between the battery cells 120 when the battery cell 120 is expanded due to a gas generated due to overcharging of the battery 10. It is characterized by the).

바람직한 실시예로서, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)는 상기 배터리셀(120)에 밀착되거나 배터리셀(120)의 팽창시 팽창에 의한 위치변경이 예상되는 부위에 부착된 태그(130)와의 사이 거리를 측정하여 공극의 변화를 감지하는 근접센서(140)인 것을 특징으로 한다.In a preferred embodiment, the air gap change detection device 100 is in close contact with the battery cell 120 or the distance between the tag 130 attached to the site where the change of position due to expansion when the battery cell 120 is expected to expand. It is characterized in that the proximity sensor 140 for detecting a change in the gap by measuring the.

또한, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)는 상기 배터리셀(120)에 형성된 공극의 양측에 설치된 투광부(151) 및 수광부(152)로 이루어져 발생하는 펄스의 차이를 통 해 공극의 변화를 감지하는 레이저 측정기(150)인 것을 특징으로 한다. In addition, the pore change detection device 100 detects the change of the pore through the difference of the pulse generated by the light transmitting unit 151 and the light receiving unit 152 installed on both sides of the air gap formed in the battery cell 120. It is characterized in that the laser measuring machine (150).

그리고, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)는 하이브리드 차량에 적용 가능한 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the air gap change detection device 100 is characterized in that applicable to a hybrid vehicle.

이상에서 본 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치에 의하면, 배터리의 과충전을 방지하여 안전성 향상 및 연비 개선을 도모할 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, according to the vehicle battery overcharge prevention device according to the present invention, there is an effect that can prevent the overcharge of the battery to improve the safety and fuel economy.

이하, 첨부도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 구성에 대해 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다. Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.

첨부한 도 1은 본 발명에 따른 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 개략적인 구성도이고, 도 2는 본 발명에 따른 근접센서를 이용한 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 개략도이며, 도 3은 본 발명에 따른 레이저 측정기를 이용한 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 사시도이다. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a vehicle battery overcharge protection device according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a battery overcharge protection device using a proximity sensor according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a laser according to the present invention A perspective view showing a battery overcharge preventing device using a measuring device.

본 발명은 차량에서 사용되는 배터리(10)의 과충전을 방지하기 위한 장치로서, 상기 차량에서 일반적으로 사용되는 리튬 폴리머 배터리의 경우 배터리(10) 냉각을 위해 배터리셀(120) 사이에 일정한 공극(Air gap)을 유지하도록 설계되어 있다.The present invention is a device for preventing overcharging of the battery 10 used in a vehicle, in the case of a lithium polymer battery generally used in the vehicle, a certain air gap between the battery cells 120 for cooling the battery 10 designed to maintain the gap).

그런데, 배터리(10)의 과충전이 일어나면 배터리(10) 양극에서 발생하는 가스에 의해 배터리셀(120)이 팽창하게 되며, 이로 인한 배터리셀(120)의 형상 변경에 의해 셀간 공극이 변화하게 된다.However, when overcharging of the battery 10 occurs, the battery cell 120 is expanded by the gas generated at the anode of the battery 10, and thus the gap between the cells is changed by the shape change of the battery cell 120.

이에, 상기 배터리셀(120) 사이의 공극의 변화를 감지하는 수단인 공극변화 감지장치(100)에 의해 배터리(10) 과충전 상황을 인지하여 메인릴레이(12)를 차단하는 방법에 의해 과충전 상황에서 배터리(10)를 보호할 수 있게 된다.Thus, the overcharge situation by a method of blocking the main relay 12 by recognizing the overcharge state of the battery 10 by the air gap change detection device 100 which is a means for detecting a change in the gap between the battery cells 120. The battery 10 can be protected.

본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 있어서, 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)는 통상의 근접센서(140)로서, 상기 리튬 폴리머 배터리셀(120)에 밀착되거나 상기 배터리셀(120)의 팽창시 팽창에 의한 위치변경이 예상되는 부위에 태그(130)를 부착하고, 근접센서(140)를 이용하여 상기 태그(130)와의 사이 거리를 측정하여 공극의 변화를 감지할 수 있게 된다. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the pore change detection device 100 is a conventional proximity sensor 140, in close contact with the lithium polymer battery cell 120 or the battery cell ( The tag 130 is attached to a site where a change in position due to expansion is expected when the 120 is inflated, and the distance between the tag 130 is measured using the proximity sensor 140 to detect a change in the gap. do.

즉, 상기 태그(130)의 위치 변화가 발생할 경우, 근접센서(140)에서 발생되는 미세한 고주파 전기신호에 의해, 상기 태그(130)에서 와전류가 형성되어 전기신호에 손실이 발생하게 되므로 이를 감지할 수 있게 되는 것이다. That is, when a change in the position of the tag 130 occurs, an eddy current is formed in the tag 130 by the minute high frequency electric signal generated by the proximity sensor 140, so that a loss occurs in the electric signal. It will be possible.

한편, 도 3은 본 발명에 따른 다른 실시예로서, 레이져 측정기에 의해 배터리(10) 사이의 공극의 변화를 감지하는 실시예이다On the other hand, Figure 3 is another embodiment according to the present invention, an embodiment of detecting a change in the gap between the battery 10 by a laser measuring instrument

상기 배터리(10)의 배터리셀(120)에 형성된 공극의 양측으로 레이저 측정기(150)의 투광부(151)와 수광부(152)를 설치하되, 상기 투광부(151)에서 일정한 펄스를 갖는 레이저광을 발생시킬 경우, 상기 수광부(152)에서 펄스 변화를 측정하여 이를 전기신호로 변환함으로써, 그 차이값을 통해 배터리(10)의 과충전으로 인 한 배터리셀(120)의 공극 변화를 감지할 수 있게 된다. The light emitting unit 151 and the light receiving unit 152 of the laser meter 150 are installed at both sides of the gap formed in the battery cell 120 of the battery 10, but the laser beam having a constant pulse in the light transmitting unit 151. In this case, by measuring the pulse change in the light receiving unit 152 and converting it into an electrical signal, the gap value of the battery cell 120 due to the overcharge of the battery 10 through the difference value can be detected. do.

따라서, 본 발명은 이러한 배터리셀(120)의 공극 변화를 감지하는 공극변화 감지장치(100)를 통해 배터리(10)의 과충전을 방지할 수 있는 바, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)로 사용되는 근접센서(140) 또는 레이저 측정기(150) 외에도 이와 같은 동일한 작용을 하는 장치라면 어떠한 장치가 설치되더라도 무방하다. Therefore, the present invention can prevent overcharging of the battery 10 through the pore change detection device 100 for detecting a pore change of the battery cell 120, which is used as the pore change detection device 100. In addition to the proximity sensor 140 or the laser measuring device 150, any device having the same function may be installed.

이상에서는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 대하여 도시하고 또한 설명하였으나, 본 발명은 상기한 실시예에 한정되지 않으며, 특허청구범위에서 청구된 본 발명의 요지를 벗어남이 없이 당해 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 누구든지 다양한 변형 실시가 가능한 것은 물론이고, 그와 같은 변경은 기재된 청구범위 내에 있게 된다.Although the above has been shown and described with respect to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, in the technical field to which the present invention pertains without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed in the claims. Various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, and such changes will fall within the scope of the claims set forth.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 개략적인 구성도,1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a vehicle battery overcharge protection device according to the present invention,

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 근접센서를 이용한 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 개략도,2 is a schematic view showing a battery overcharge preventing device using a proximity sensor according to the present invention;

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 레이저 측정기를 이용한 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 사시도,3 is a perspective view showing a battery overcharge preventing device using a laser measuring device according to the present invention,

도 4는 종래의 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 개략적인 구성도,Figure 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional vehicle battery overcharge protection device,

도 5는 종래의 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치를 나타내는 다른 비교예이다. Figure 5 is another comparative example showing a conventional vehicle battery overcharge protection device.

*도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명** Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

100 : 공극변화 감지장치 120 : 배터리셀100: pore change detection device 120: battery cell

130 : 태그 140 : 근접센서130: tag 140: proximity sensor

150 : 레이저 측정기 151 : 투광부 150: laser measuring instrument 151: light emitting unit

152 : 수광부152: light receiver

Claims (4)

차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치에 있어서,In the vehicle battery overcharge protection device, 배터리(10)의 과충전으로 인한 발생 가스로 인해 배터리셀(120)이 팽창 시, 상기 배터리셀(120) 사이에 배터리(10)의 냉각을 위하여 형성된 공극의 변화를 감지 가능한 공극변화 감지장치(100)인 것을 특징으로 하는 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치.Pore change detection device 100 capable of detecting a change in air gap formed for cooling the battery 10 between the battery cells 120 when the battery cell 120 is expanded due to a gas generated due to overcharging of the battery 10. Vehicle overcharge protection device, characterized in that). 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)는 상기 배터리셀(120)에 밀착되거나 배터리셀(120)의 팽창시 팽창에 의한 위치변경이 예상되는 부위에 부착된 태그(130)와의 사이 거리를 측정하여 공극의 변화를 감지하는 근접센서(140)인 것을 특징으로 하는 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치.The pore change detection device 100 measures the distance between the pore close to the battery cell 120 or the tag 130 attached to the site where the position change is expected due to expansion when the battery cell 120 is expanded. Vehicle overcharge protection device, characterized in that the proximity sensor 140 for detecting a change. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)는 상기 배터리셀(120)에 형성된 공극의 양측에 설치된 투광부(151) 및 수광부(152)로 이루어져 발생하는 펄스의 차이를 통해 공극의 변화를 감지하는 레이저 측정기(150)인 것을 특징으로 하는 차량용 배터리 과충 전방지장치.The pore change detection device 100 is a laser measuring device for detecting a change in the pore through the difference in the pulse generated by the light emitting unit 151 and the light receiving unit 152 installed on both sides of the air gap formed in the battery cell 120 ( Vehicle battery overcharge anterior device, characterized in that 150). 제1항 내지 제3항 중, 어느 한 항에 있어서,The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 상기 공극변화 감지장치(100)는 하이브리드 차량에 적용 가능한 것을 특징으로 하는 차량용 배터리 과충전방지장치.The air gap change detection device 100 is a vehicle overcharge protection device, characterized in that applicable to a hybrid vehicle.
KR1020070131349A 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Apparatus for protecting battery from over-charge for vehicle KR20090063839A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101152662B1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-06-15 (주)열린기술 Apparatus for preventing explosion of secondary battery
DE102013215616A1 (en) 2013-08-08 2015-02-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for distance measurement between battery cells, in battery modules and in battery systems
KR20150074439A (en) 2013-12-24 2015-07-02 현대자동차주식회사 Safety unit for overcharge of battery
US9711781B2 (en) 2013-12-18 2017-07-18 Hyundai Motor Company Apparatus for preventing battery overcharge
KR20230010354A (en) * 2021-07-12 2023-01-19 (주)샤론테크 Detecting apparatus for battery swelling

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101152662B1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-06-15 (주)열린기술 Apparatus for preventing explosion of secondary battery
DE102013215616A1 (en) 2013-08-08 2015-02-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for distance measurement between battery cells, in battery modules and in battery systems
US9711781B2 (en) 2013-12-18 2017-07-18 Hyundai Motor Company Apparatus for preventing battery overcharge
KR20150074439A (en) 2013-12-24 2015-07-02 현대자동차주식회사 Safety unit for overcharge of battery
US9893344B2 (en) 2013-12-24 2018-02-13 Hyundai Motor Company Safety device for preventing overcharging of battery
KR20230010354A (en) * 2021-07-12 2023-01-19 (주)샤론테크 Detecting apparatus for battery swelling

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