KR20090035685A - Magnetic structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A magnetic structure configured to generate an unbalanced magnetic field. The magnetic structure may be advantageously employed in electro-mechanical and electro-magnetic devices.

Description

Magnetic structure {MAGNETIC STRUCTURE}

Statement of interest to the government

The invention has been made with the support of the United States Government under contract number DE-AC07-05-ID14517 granted by the United States Department of Energy. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.

The present invention relates to magnetic structures, and more particularly to magnetic structures suitable for use in electro-magnetic and electro-mechanical devices and applications.

For example, electromagnetic induction and electro-mechanical devices and applications such as motors, generators, and alternators typically employ coils and / or magnets. Conventional magnetic structures employ a single magnet or multiple magnets arranged to generate a magnetic field. Magnets are typically permanent magnets or electromagnets.

When an increase in output or performance was needed, conventionally the size or number of coils was increased, or the size or strength of magnets was increased. This approach leads to problems of weight, cost, size and durability. This approach is also not practical in many applications.

In one aspect, an electro-mechanical system comprises a first magnetic element having a physical property of a first magnitude, a first pole of a first polarity, a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, a first A magnetic structure comprising a second magnetic element having a physical property of a second size different from the first size, a first pole of a first polarity, a second pole of a second polarity, and a first pole of the first magnetic element being substantially And a support structure configured to hold the first magnet element and the second magnet element at a distance separated by a distance facing the first pole of the two magnet element and closer to the ambient distance. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the second magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the physical property is length and the first size is greater than the second size. In one embodiment, the support structure is configured to hold the magnetic elements in place to generate an unbalanced magnetic field that includes an area with a high gradient magnetic field. In one embodiment, the support structure is configured to facilitate movement of the magnetic structure and the coil system relative to each other. In one embodiment, the region passes through the coil system as the magnetic structure moves relative to the coil system. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive mechanical force and generate an electrical signal in response to the receipt of the mechanical force. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive an electrical signal and to generate a mechanical force in response to receiving the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a plurality of coils. In one embodiment, the plurality of coils comprises a first coil wound around an axis in a first direction and a second coil wound around the axis in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a first number of turns, and the second coil includes a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. In one embodiment, the coil system includes multiple pairs of coils coupled to each other in a series-parallel configuration. In one embodiment, the first coil in the pair of coils of the plurality of coils comprises a first coil wound in a first direction, and the second coil in the pair of coils is opposite the first direction And a second wire wound in a second direction. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a mechanical delivery system. In one embodiment, the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative linear movement between the magnetic structure and the coil system. In one embodiment, the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative rotational movement between the magnet structure and the coil system. In one embodiment, it is configured to facilitate relative circular movement of the magnetic structure relative to the coil system. In one embodiment, the first pole of the first magnetic element has a substantially semi-toroidal-shaped face and the first pole of the second magnetic element is substantially semi-circularly shaped. Have a face In one embodiment, the substantially semi-circularly shaped faces have dimensions that form a substantially toroidal cavity between the first and second magnetic elements. In one embodiment, the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure includes a cavity that is substantially toroidal in shape between the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure.

In one aspect, a method of generating power includes a plurality of magnets that are unbalanced with respect to the magnet elements by placing the first and second magnet elements substantially the same poles facing each other and spaced a certain distance apart. Generating a magnetic field that is compressed in an area adjacent the elements, and facilitating relative movement between the coil system and the magnetic field. In one embodiment, the magnetic elements comprise permanent magnets. In one embodiment, the method further comprises rectifying the current generated in the coil system. The method further includes storing energy in the energy storage system. In one embodiment, facilitating relative movement includes moving permanent magnets with respect to the coil system. In one embodiment, moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes moving the permanent magnets along a generally linear path. In one embodiment, moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes moving the permanent magnets along a generally circular path. In one embodiment, moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes rotating the permanent magnets. In one embodiment, the method further comprises optimizing the degree of change in the compressed region of the unbalanced magnetic field. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a first coil wound in a first direction and a second coil wound in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a first number of turns and the second coil includes a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. In one embodiment, moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes moving the permanent magnets along a generally circular path. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face and the second magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face. In one embodiment, the substantially toroidal shaped faces are dimensioned to form a substantially toroidal shaped cavity between the first and second magnetic elements. In one embodiment, the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil.

In one aspect, a method of generating a mechanical force is imbalanced with respect to the magnet elements by placing the first magnet element and the second magnet element such that the same poles substantially face each other and are spaced a certain distance apart. Generating a magnetic field that is compressed in an area adjacent the magnetic elements, and inducing a current through the coil system in proximity to the magnetic elements. In one embodiment, the current is an alternating current. In one embodiment, the magnetic elements comprise permanent magnets. In one embodiment, the method further comprises facilitating relative movement between the magnet elements and the coil system. In one embodiment, facilitating relative movement includes moving permanent magnets with respect to the coil system. Moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes moving the permanent magnets along a generally linear path. In one embodiment, moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes moving the permanent magnets along a generally circular path. In one embodiment, moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes rotating the permanent magnets. In one embodiment, the method further comprises optimizing the degree of change in the compressed region of the unbalanced magnetic field. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a first coil wound in a first direction and a second coil wound in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a first number of turns, and the second coil includes a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. In one embodiment, moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes moving the permanent magnets along a generally circular path. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face and the second magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face. In one embodiment, the substantially semi-circularly shaped faces are dimensioned to form a substantially toroidal shaped cavity between the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element. In one embodiment, the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil.

In one aspect, a system comprises a case; A first magnetic element housed in the case and having a coil system, a physical property of a first size, a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, and a first different size than the first size A magnetic structure having a second magnetic element having a physical property of two magnitudes, a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, and an unbalanced magnetic field for the first and second magnetic elements. To generate, the support structure comprising a support structure configured to position the first magnetic element and the second magnetic elements so as to maintain a first distance of the first pole of the first magnetic element opposite the first pole of the second magnetic element. -Mechanical system; And an energy storage device housed in the case. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the second magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the physical property includes a length and the first size is greater than the second size. In one embodiment, the unbalanced magnetic field includes a region where the magnetic field is compressed. In one embodiment, the support structure is configured to facilitate movement of the magnetic structure and the coil system relative to each other. In one embodiment, the region passes through the coil system as the magnetic structure moves relative to the coil system. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a plurality of coils. In one embodiment, the plurality of coils comprises a coil wound in a first direction and a second coil wound in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a first number of turns and the second coil includes a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. In one embodiment, the coil system includes multiple pairs of coils coupled to each other in a series-parallel configuration. In one embodiment, the first coil in the pair of coils in the plurality of coils comprises a first wire wound in a first direction, and the second coil in the pair of coils is in a first direction And a second wire wound in a second direction opposite to. In one embodiment, the physical property is intensity and the first size is greater than the second size. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a trace on an insulating sheet. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a plurality of traces on a plurality of insulating sheets. In one embodiment, the system is configured to facilitate relative circular movement of the magnetic structure relative to the coil system. In one embodiment, the first pole of the first magnet element has a face substantially semi-annular, and the first pole of the second magnet has a face substantially semi-annular. In one embodiment, the substantially semi-circularly shaped faces have dimensions that form a substantially toroidal cavity between the first and second magnetic elements. In one embodiment, the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil.

In one aspect, the electromechanical system comprises the first and second magnetic field generating means on each other to generate an unbalanced magnetic field that is compressed in a region adjacent the first magnetic field generating means, the second magnetic field generating means, the compressed magnetic field generating means. Means for positioning relative to each other, current inducing means, and means for facilitating relative movement between the compression region and the current inducing means. In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating means comprises permanent magnets. In one embodiment, the current inducing means comprises a pair of coils, in which the first coil comprises a first wire wound with a first number of turns in a first direction and defines a first perimeter. And the second coil in the pair includes a second wire wound with a second number of turns in a second direction different from the first direction and has a second principal system different from the first principal system. In one embodiment, the first number of turns is greater than the second number of turns, and the first principal is less than the second principal. In one embodiment, the current inducing means further comprises a coupling configured to couple the first coil to the second coil, such that the contribution from the first coil to the potential across the output is dependent on the first coil. 2 has the same polarity as the contribution to the potential from the coil. In one embodiment, the system is configured to facilitate relative circular movement of the region with respect to the current inducing means. In one embodiment, the first magnetic field generating means has a substantially semi-annular shaped face, and the second magnetic field generating means has a substantially semi-annular shaped face. In one embodiment, the substantially toroidal shaped faces are dimensioned to form a substantially toroidal shaped cavity between the first and second magnetic field generating means. In one embodiment, the current inducing means comprises a substantially toroidal coil.

In one aspect, the system includes a first magnetic element having a face substantially semi-annular, a second magnet element having a face substantially semi-annular, a first magnet element and a second magnet element. And a support structure configured to space apart the first magnetic element and the second magnetic elements to form a substantially toroidal cavity. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a coil system. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element is substantially the same as the second magnetic element. In one embodiment, the length of the first magnetic element is longer than the length of the second magnetic element. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element comprises a substantially cylindrical permanent magnet. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element has a physical property of a first size, a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, the second magnetic element having a first size Has a second size different physical properties, a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, wherein the support structure has a first pole of the first magnetic element generally facing the first pole of the second magnetic element. And hold the first magnetic element and the second magnetic elements at a distance that is closer than the ambient distance. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the second magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the physical property is length and the first size is greater than the second size. In one embodiment, the support structure is configured to hold the magnetic elements in place to generate an unbalanced magnetic field that includes an area with a high degree of magnetic field. In one embodiment, the support structure is configured to facilitate movement of the coil system with the magnetic elements relative to each other. In one embodiment, the region passes through the coil system as the magnetic elements move relative to the coil system. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive mechanical force and generate an electrical signal in response to the receipt of the mechanical force. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive an electrical signal and to generate a mechanical force in response to receiving the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a plurality of coils. In one embodiment, the plurality of coils comprises a first coil wound around an axis in a first direction and a second coil wound around the axis in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a first number of turns and the second coil includes a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. In one embodiment, the coil system includes multiple pairs of coils coupled to each other in a series-parallel configuration. In one embodiment, the first coil in the pair of coils in the multiple pair of coils comprises a first wire wound in a first direction, and the second coil in the pair of coils is a first A second wire wound in a second direction opposite the direction. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a mechanical delivery system. In one embodiment, the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative linear movement between the magnet elements and the coil system. In one embodiment, the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative rotational movement between the magnet elements and the coil system. In one embodiment, the system is configured to facilitate relative circular movement of the magnetic elements relative to the coil system.

In one aspect, an electro-mechanical system has a first magnetic element having a first intensity, a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, a second approximately equal to the first intensity A magnetic structure comprising a second magnetic element having a strength, a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity, the first pole of the first magnetic element being generally facing the first pole of the second magnetic element A magnetic structure comprising a support structure configured to hold the first magnetic element and the second magnetic elements spaced by a distance, a coil system, and a suspension system configured to facilitate relative movement of the magnetic structure relative to the coil system; Is configured to generate a magnetic field having a degree of change as large as the degree of change of a single magnet having an intensity of at least five times the first intensity in the region adjacent the magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the degree of change in the region adjacent the magnet structure is as large as the degree of change of a single magnet having an intensity of at least seven times the first intensity.

In one aspect, the electro-mechanical system comprises a coil system comprising a first coil and a second coil coupled to the first coil that is unmatched with respect to the first coil, and configured to move relative to the coil system. Magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive mechanical force and generate an electrical signal in response to the mechanical force. In one embodiment, the system is configured to receive an electrical signal and to generate a mechanical force in response to receiving the electrical signal. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire wound in a first direction and the second coil comprises a second wire wound in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil has a first equivalent diameter and the first coil has a second equivalent diameter different from the first equivalent diameter. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure comprises a first magnetic element having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, a first pole of the first polarity and a second pole of the second polarity A second magnetic element having two poles, and the first pole of the first magnetic element maintains the first magnetic element and the second magnetic elements at a distance separated by a distance facing the first pole of the second magnetic element and closer to the surrounding distance; And a support structure configured to. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. In one embodiment, the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element have different lengths. In one embodiment, the support structure is configured to hold the magnetic elements in place to generate an unbalanced magnetic field for the magnet structure, wherein the unbalanced magnetic field includes an area with a high degree of magnetic field. In one embodiment, the system further comprises a mechanical delivery system. In one embodiment, the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative linear movement between the magnetic structure and the coil system. In one embodiment, the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative rotational movement between the magnet structure and the coil system. In one embodiment, the first coil and the second coil have different lengths. In one embodiment, the first coil and the second coil have different widths. In one embodiment, the first coil and the second coil have different cross sectional areas with respect to the vector. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first diameter and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second diameter different from the first diameter. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a trace on the layer of insulation. In one embodiment, the contribution to the potential from the first coil to the output from the coil system has the same polarity as the contribution to the potential from the second coil. In one embodiment, the coil system includes a plurality of pairs of unmatched coils coupled to each other in a series-parallel configuration. In one embodiment, the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil form. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure comprises a permanent magnet having a face substantially shaped of a toroidal shape. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure comprises a cavity that is substantially toroidal in shape.

In one aspect, a method of generating power includes coupling a pair of mismatched coils to each other, and moving a magnetic structure relative to the pair of coils. In one embodiment, combining the pair of coils comprises combining the pair of coils with each other in a series-parallel configuration. In one embodiment, the method further comprises rectifying the current generated in the coil system. In one embodiment, the method further comprises storing energy in an energy storage system. In one embodiment, the method further comprises generating a compressed magnetic field with the magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the pair of coils comprises a first coil wound around an axis in a first direction and a second coil wound around the axis in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a first number of turns and the second coil includes a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. In one embodiment, the pair of mismatched coils is wound on substantially the toroidal coil form. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure includes a permanent magnet having a substantially semi-circular face. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure comprises a substantially toroidal cavity.

In one aspect, a system comprises a case; A coil system having a magnetic structure, a first coil and a second coil mismatched to the first coil and coupled to the first coil, a support structure configured to facilitate relative movement of the magnetic structure and the coil system, the case An electro-mechanical system contained within; And an energy storage device housed in the case and coupled to the coil system. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the compressed magnetic field is unbalanced with respect to the magnetic structure. In one embodiment, the coil system includes multiple pairs of coils coupled to each other in a series-parallel configuration. In one embodiment, the first coil is wound in a first direction and the second coil is wound in a second direction different from the first direction. In one embodiment, the first coil includes a first number of turns and the second coil includes a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. In one embodiment, the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. In one embodiment, the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil form. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure includes a permanent magnet having a substantially semi-circular face. In one embodiment, the magnetic structure comprises a substantially toroidal cavity.

In one aspect, the electro-mechanical system comprises a magnetic field generating means, a first current inducing means and a coil system comprising a second current inducing means coupled to the first current inducing means and incompatible with the first current inducing means, and a magnetic field. Means for facilitating relative movement between the generating means and the first and second current inducing means. In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating means comprises a plurality of permanent magnets. In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating means is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field. In one embodiment, the contribution from the first current inducing means to the potential across the output of the coil system has the same polarity as the contribution to the potential from the second current inducing means. In one embodiment, the first current inducing means comprises a conductive trace on the insulating layer. In one embodiment, the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil form. In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating means comprises a permanent magnet having a substantially toroidal face. In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating means comprises a substantially toroidal cavity.

In one aspect, the electro-mechanical system comprises a case, a coil system housed in the case, an energy storage system housed in the case, a magnetic field generating means comprising a plurality of permanent magnets housed in the case and the same poles facing and spaced apart from each other, and A suspension system configured to facilitate relative movement between the magnetic field generating means and the coil system. In one embodiment, the electro-mechanical system further includes an energy transfer control system coupled to the coil system and the energy storage system. In one embodiment, the case has an internal volume of less than 3.2 inches ³ . In one embodiment, the system is configured to respond to a sine stimulus at a frequency of 10 Hz over a period of five minutes or more by storing approximately 18.24 J of energy in the energy storage system. In one embodiment, the energy storage system includes a supercapacitor. In one embodiment, the system is configured to respond to a sine wave stimulus at a frequency of 10 Hz over a period of 5 minutes by storing at least 18 J of energy in the energy storage system. In one embodiment, the voltage level of the energy storage system is approximately 3V. In one embodiment, the system is configured to respond to a square-wave at a frequency of 10 Hz over a period of 5 minutes by storing at least 16 J of energy in the energy storage system. In one embodiment, the voltage level of the energy storage system is approximately 2.83V. In one embodiment, the system is configured to respond to a sinusoidal stimulus at a frequency of 10 Hz over a period of 5 minutes by providing at least 14 J of energy for a load of 180 Ω at a voltage level of approximately 2.7 V. In one embodiment, the system is configured to respond to a stimulus stimulus at a frequency of 10 Hz over a period of 5 minutes by providing at least 11 J of energy for a load of 90 Ω at a voltage level of approximately 2.4 V.

The size and relative position of the elements in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shape and angle of the various elements are not shown to scale, some of which elements are arbitrarily expanded and positioned to improve drawing reading. Moreover, the particular shape of the elements as shown is not necessarily intended to convey any information about the actual shape of the particular elements, and has been selected solely for ease of recognition in the drawings.

1 is a fully diametric cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a bimetal coil.

2 is a side view of an embodiment of a multiple coil system in accordance with the present invention.

3 is a side view of another embodiment of a multiple coil system in accordance with the present invention.

4 is a plan view of another embodiment of a multiple coil system in accordance with the present invention.

5 is a bottom view of the embodiment of the multiple coil system shown in FIG.

6 is another plan view of the embodiment of the multiple coil system shown in FIG.

7 is a side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the multiple coil system shown in FIG. 4.

8 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multiple coil system in accordance with the present invention.

9 is a plan view of an embodiment of a layer suitable for use in the embodiment of the multiple coil system of FIG.

10 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a trace suitable for use in the embodiment of the multiple coil system of FIG. 8.

11 is a plan view of another embodiment of a layer suitable for use in the embodiment of the multiple coil system of FIG.

12 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a trace suitable for use in the embodiment of the multiple coil system of FIG. 8.

Figure 13 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multiple coil system in accordance with the present invention.

14 is a functional block diagram illustrating the relative physical location of coil pairs in an embodiment of a multiple coil system.

FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a series-parallel coupling of coil pairs shown in FIG. 14.

16A and 16B show magnetic flux generated by a permanent magnet.

17A and 17B show magnetic flux generated by two permanent magnets such that the same stimulation is held together between positions facing each other and substantially in contact with the ambient distance.

18A and 18B show the magnetic flux generated by an embodiment of an unbalanced magnetic structure with two permanent magnets of different lengths such that the same poles stay together between positions facing each other and substantially in contact with the ambient distance. drawing.

19A and 19B illustrate magnetic flux generated by an unbalanced magnetic structure with two permanent magnets of different lengths such that the same poles are held together between positions facing each other and substantially in contact with the ambient distance.

20A and 20B show magnetic flux generated by a magnetic structure having two permanent magnets of different lengths such that the same poles are held together between positions facing each other and substantially in contact with the ambient distance.

21 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an unbalanced magnetic structure.

22 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an unbalanced magnetic structure.

23 is a fully opposing cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a battery.

24 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a battery.

25 is a fully opposing cross sectional view of an embodiment of an electro-mechanical system.

Figure 26 is a fully opposing cross sectional view of another embodiment of an electro-mechanical system.

27 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an unbalanced magnetic structure.

28 shows yet another embodiment of a coil system.

In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the apparatus, method and article. However, one skilled in the art will understand that other embodiments may be predicted without such details. In other instances, well known structures and methods in connection with batteries, linear generators, and control systems are not shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscure descriptions of the embodiments.

Unless otherwise required, the term “comprising” and variations thereof used in the description and claims are open, inclusive, meaning “including, but not limited to”.

The term “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the use of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or all embodiments. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments to obtain further embodiments.

Headings are provided for convenience only and are not intended to interpret the scope or meaning of the present disclosure or claimed invention.

1 is a completely opposing cross sectional view of an embodiment of a bimetal coil 100. The coil 100 includes a nonmagnetic winding form 102, an electrically conductive winding 104, and a magnetic conductive winding 106. The use of an electrical induction winding, such as electrical induction winding 104, with a magnetic induction winding, such as magnetic induction winding 106, passes through an electrical induction winding of a coil, such as winding 104 of coil 100, or an electrical induction winding. It facilitates the focusing of the magnetic field generated by Focusing the magnetic field significantly increases the efficiency of the coil 100. For example, when the coil 100 is employed in a generator, the magnetic structure passes through the coil 100 such that the electrical induction winding 104 creates a current while the magnetic induction winding 106 produces an electrical induction winding 104. Focus the magnetic flux and increase the power output from the coil (100).

First layer 108 and second layer 110 of electrical induction winding 104 are wound on winding form 102. In one embodiment, the electrical induction winding 104 is continuous. In one embodiment, the electrical induction winding 104 may include a number of windings that may be electrically connected in series or in parallel. The first layer 112 of the magnetic induction winding 106 is wound over the second layer 110 of the electrical induction winding 104. The third layer 114 and the fourth layer 116 of the electrical induction winding 104 are wound over the first layer 112 of the magnetic induction winding 106. The second layer 118 of the magnetic induction winding 106 is wound over the fourth layer 116 of the electrical induction winding 104. The fifth layer 119 of the electrical induction winding 104 is wound over the second layer 118 of the magnetic induction winding 106.

The electrical induction winding 104 may be composed of any suitable electrical induction material such as, for example, a metallic material such as copper, silver or tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold and / or alloys. The electrical induction winding 104 may include, for example, solid wires, strings, twisted strings, insulated strings, sheets or combinations thereof. For example, Litz wire may be employed. The electrical induction winding 104 may vary considerably in size from that shown and may be significantly smaller or significantly larger than that shown. Electrical induction winding 104 is typically covered with insulating material 102. The electrical induction winding 104 is coupled to the leads 122, 124 for the coil 100.

The magnetic induction winding 106 may be made of any suitable magnetic induction material such as nickel, nickel / iron alloys, nickel / tin alloys, nickel / silver alloys, plastic magnetic shields, and / or nickel / iron / copper / molybdenum alloys. It may be composed of the same magnetic shielding material. Magnetic shielding materials are commercially available under several trademarks, including MuMetal®, Hipernom®, HyMu 80®, and Permalloy®. Magnetic induction winding 106 may include, for example, solid wire, twisted string, insulated string, sheet, or a combination thereof. The magnetic induction winding 106 may vary considerably in size from that shown, and may be significantly smaller or significantly larger than that shown. Magnetic induction winding 106 is typically covered with insulating material 126. The magnetic induction winding 106 forms a closed loop as shown by the connection 128 and is connected to the ground 130 as shown.

Other configurations of layers of electrical induction windings and magnetic induction windings can be adopted. For example, instead of the two layers of the electrical induction winding alternating with one layer of the magnetic induction winding, the m layers of the electrical induction winding alternate with the n layers of the magnetic induction winding, where m and n are positive. Is an integer. In another example, m and n need not be constant. For example, the number of layers increases or decreases. Exemplary layer patterns are 2E, 1M, 3E, 2M, 4E, where E represents an electrically inducing layer and M represents a magnetic inducing layer.

Typically, the first layer and the last layer consist of layers of the electrical induction winding 104. In one empirical embodiment, the configuration with the first and last layers that make up the induction winding 104 made better performance in generator applications than when the last layer consisted of the magnetic induction winding 106. . In another example, multiple electrical induction windings could be employed. A further example embodiment of bimetal coils is disclosed in concurrently pending US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,389, filed June 26, 2006, entitled Bimetal Coil.

2 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of a multiple coil system 200. The system 200 includes a first coil 202, a second coil 204 and a coil form 206. As shown, the two coils 202, 204 are wound on a single coil form 206. In some embodiments, separate coil forms may be employed for the first coil and the second coils. In some embodiments, the diameter of the coil form or forms may vary. As shown, the coil form 206 is cylindrical in shape. Other coil shapes may be employed, such as a substantially toroidal coil shape (see FIG. 28). Substantially toroidal coil shapes are deformed toroidal shapes, such as, for example, true toroidal-shaped coil forms, toroidal coil shapes reflecting manufacturing tolerances, or elliptical coil shapes. It may include a shape coil.

The first coil 202 includes a wire 208. Wire 208 is the first number of turns n in winding 207 on coil form 206. Wire 208 has a perimeter defined by first thickness 210. When the wire is rounded, the thickness is the diameter of the wire, the principal field is the circumference of the wire, and the diameter is associated with the circumference according to the following equation:

Circumference = π * diameter

Wire 208 also has a cross-sectional equivalent diameter of the wire relative to the vector divided by the perimeter. In the case of round wires, the equivalent diameter can be defined according to the following equation (2):

Equivalent diameter = diameter / perimeter

Wires with different shapes may be employed in some embodiments. It is not necessary to adopt round wires.

The first coil 202 is wound in the first direction Y as indicated by the direction arrow 212. The first coil 202 has a first lead 214 and a second lead 216. The second coil 204 includes a wire 218. Wire 218 is wound in a winding 217 on coil form 206 in a second number of first turns m. When the wire 218 is rounded, the wire 218 has a circumference defined by the second thickness 220 or diameter. The second coil 204 is wound in the second direction Z as indicated by the direction arrow 222. The second coil has a first lead 224 and a second lead 226. The details of the windings 207, 217 of the coils 202, 204 are omitted for ease of illustration. For example, the coils 202, 204 typically have multiple layers in the windings 207, 217, respectively. In some embodiments, coils 202 and 204 may have hundreds of turns, for example.

The wires 208, 218 may be composed of any suitable electrically conductive material such as, for example, metal material such as copper, silver or tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold and / or alloys. The wires 208, 218 may be comprised of, for example, solid wire, lace, twisted lace, insulated lace, sheet, or a combination thereof. For example, litz wire can be employed. Coils 202 and 204 may vary considerably in size from those shown, and may be significantly smaller or significantly larger than those shown. Wires 208 and 218 are typically covered with insulating material (see insulating material 120 in FIG. 1).

System 200 also has an optional magnetic structure 228 configured to move through coil form 206 along axis 203 shown using dashed lines. For example, a suspension system (see, for example, suspension system 423 in FIG. 7) may be employed to facilitate movement of the magnetic structure 228 through the coil form 206 along the axis 230. have. Magnetic structures 228, such as those disclosed in concurrently filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,858, filed June 26, 2006, described hereinafter, may be employed. As illustrated, the magnetic structure 228 may be configured to move through the coil form 206 along a generally linear path. In some embodiments, the magnetic structure 228 may be configured to move through the coil form 206 along another path. For example, a generally circular path may be employed with toroidal coils (see FIG. 28).

As illustrated, the first and second coils 202, 204 are mismatched as they have at least one different physical property. Exemplary physical properties of the coils include length, width, diameter, cross-sectional area for the vector, equivalent diameter, and conductivity. As illustrated, at least two physical properties are different. In particular, the first thickness 210 is smaller than the second thickness 220, and the first number of turns n is greater than the second number of turns m. In addition, the first direction Y is different from the second direction Z. FIG. In some embodiments, the number of turns n of the windings 207 of the first coil 202 may be equal to or less than the number of turns m of the windings 217 of the second coil 204. . In some embodiments, the first thickness 210 may be equal to or greater than the second thickness 220. System 200 may be employed as a generator for generating electrical energy, for example in response to movement of magnetic structure 228 through coil form 206.

As illustrated, the first lead 214 of the first coil 202 is coupled to the second lead 226 of the second coil 204. The optional load 232 is coupled between the first lead 216 of the first coil and the first lead 224 of the second coil. In the illustrated embodiment, the first coil 202 is the second lead 216 and the second coil 204 of the first coil 202 in response to the movement of the magnetic structure 228 through the coil form 206. Provides the largest voltage component of the potential V made between the first leads 224 of the first and second coils 202 and 204, both of which contribute to the potential component of the same polarity in response to movement. In addition, the second coil 204 provides the largest current component of the current i flowing through the load 232, and the two coils 202, 204 contribute to the current in the same direction in response to movement. .

In some embodiments, the first coil 202 may be coupled to the second coil 204 in a different manner. For example, in some embodiments, the first lead 214 of the first coil 202 may be coupled to the first lead 224 of the second coil 204, and the load 232 may be connected to the first coil. A second lead 216 of 202 and a second lead 226 of the second coil 204 can be coupled. In another embodiment, the second lead 216 of the first coil 202 may be coupled to the first lead 224 of the second coil 204, and the load 232 may be connected to the first coil 202. ) May be coupled across the first lead 214 and the second lead 226 of the second coil 204. In another embodiment, the second lead 216 of the first coil 202 may be coupled to the second lead 226 of the second coil 204, and the load 232 may be connected to the first coil 202. The first lead 214 and the first lead 224 of the second coil 204 can be coupled across. In another example, the first lead 214 of the first coil 202 can be coupled to the first lead 224 of the second coil 204 and the second lead 216 of the first coil 202. ) May be coupled to the second lead 226 of the second coil 204, and the load 232 may be coupled over the pair of coupled leads.

Some embodiments may employ additional coils and / or pairs of coils that are coupled to each other in various ways. Some embodiments may employ one or more bimetal coils. See, for example, the bimetal coil 100 of FIG. 1. For example, in some embodiments, the first coil 202, the second coil 204, or both coils may be comprised of bimetal coils. In some embodiments, the magnetic structure 228 may be configured to move along the first and second coils 202, 204 rather than through the coils 202, 204. In some embodiments, the first and second coils may consist of a series of wire segments joined to each other instead of or in addition to the wire wound on the coil form.

3 is a functional block diagram of another embodiment of a multicoil system 300. System 300 includes a first coil 302, a second coil 304, and a coil form 306. As illustrated, two coils 302, 304 are wound on a single coil form 306. In some embodiments, a separate coil form may be adopted for the first and second coils 302, 304. In some embodiments, the diameter of the coil form or forms may vary.

The first coil 302 includes a wire 308 of a first thickness 310, the wire being first on the coil form 306 in the first direction Y as indicated by the directional arrow 312. It is wound up by a number of turns n. The first coil 302 has a first lead 314 and a second lead 316. The second coil 304 comprises a wire 318 of a second thickness 320, the wire being in the second number of turns m in the same direction Y as indicated by the direction arrow 312. It is wound up. In some embodiments a typical coil may have hundreds of turns, for example. The second coil 304 has a first lead 324 and a second lead 326. Details of the windings 307, 317 of the coils 302, 304 are omitted for ease of illustration. For example, the coils 302 and 304 typically have multiple layers of windings each. The wires 308, 318 may be composed of any suitable electrically conductive material and are typically coated with an insulating material as described above for the wires 208, 218 of FIG. 2. Principal and equivalent diameters may be defined for the wires 308, 318.

The system 300 also has an optional magnetic structure 328 configured to move through the coil form 306 along the axis 330 shown using dashed lines. For example, a suspension system (see suspension system 432 in FIG. 7) may be employed to facilitate movement of the magnetic structure 328 through the coil form 306 along the axis 330. Magnetic structures 328, such as those disclosed in concurrently pending US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,858, filed June 26, 2006, may be adopted under the name magnetic structures.

As illustrated, the first thickness 310 is less than the second thickness 320, and the first number of turns n is greater than the second number of turns m. Therefore, the coils 302 and 304 are mismatched. In some embodiments, the number of turns n of the first coil 302 may be equal to or less than the number of turns m of the second coil 304. In some embodiments, the first thickness 310 may be equal to or greater than the second thickness 320. System 300 may be employed as a generator for generating electrical energy, for example in response to movement of magnetic structure 328 through coil form 306.

As illustrated, the second lead 316 of the first coil 302 is coupled to the first lead 324 of the second coil 304. The optional load 332 is coupled between the first lead 314 of the first coil 302 and the second lead 326 of the second coil 304. In an exemplary embodiment, the first coil 302 is in response to the movement of the magnetic structure 328 through the coil form 306 and the first lead 314 and the second coil 304 of the first coil 302. Provide the largest voltage component of the potential V made between the second leads 326 of the first and second coils 302, 304 both contribute to the potential component of the same polarity in response to movement. In addition, the second coil 304 provides the largest component of the current i flowing through the load 332, with both coils contributing to the current in the same direction in response to movement.

In some embodiments, the first coil 302 may be coupled to the second coil 304 in a different manner. For example, in some embodiments, the first lead 314 of the first coil 302 may be coupled to the first lead 324 of the second coil 304 and the load 332 may be the first coil. A second lead 316 of 302 and a second lead 326 of second coil 304 may be coupled across. In another example, the first lead 314 of the first coil 302 may be coupled to the second lead 326 of the second coil 304, and the load 332 may be connected to the first coil 302 of the first coil 302. The second lead 316 and the first lead 324 of the second coil 304 may be coupled over. In another example, the second lead 316 of the first coil 302 may be coupled to the second lead 326 of the second coil 304, and the load 332 may be of the first coil 302. A first lead 314 and a first lead 324 of the second coil 304 may be coupled across. In another example, the first lead 314 of the first coil 302 can be coupled to the first lead 324 of the second coil 304 and the second lead 316 of the first coil 302. ) May be coupled to the second lead 326 of the second coil 304 and the load 332 may be coupled over the pair of coupled leads.

Some embodiments may employ additional coils and / or pairs of coils that are coupled to each other in various ways. Some embodiments may employ one or more bimetal coils. For example, in some embodiments, the first coil 302, the second coil 304, or both coils may be comprised of bimetal coils (see bimetal coil 100 of FIG. 1). In some embodiments, the magnetic structure 328 may be configured to move along the first and second coils 302, 304 side instead of through the coils 302, 304. In some embodiments, the first and second coils may consist of a series of wire segments joined to each other instead of or in addition to the wires wound on the coil form.

4-7 illustrate another embodiment of a multiple coil system 400 employing mismatched coils. 4 through 7 are not drawn to scale. 4 is a top view of a multiple coil system 400. The multiple coil system 400 includes a layer 402 of insulation having an upper surface 404. Layer 402 of insulating material may include, for example, an integrated circuit board, a substrate, or an insulating thin film or sheet. Commercially available insulation is commercially available, for example under the trademark Mylar®. The first electrically conductive winding or trace 406 forms a first coil 408 on the top surface 404 of the layer 402 of insulation. The first electrically conductive trace 406 can be composed of any suitable electrically conductive material such as, for example, copper, aluminum, gold, silver and alloys. Well-known techniques can be employed to form traces on substrates, such as those used in connection with RFID devices and antennas. The layer of insulation 402 has an opening 410. The induction trace 406 has a first thickness 412 and is wound in a first direction Y relative to the opening 410 when viewed from above. The first electrical induction trace 406 also has a first number of turns n that are four turns as illustrated. Trace 406 is not necessarily shown to scale, and any number of turns n may be employed. Typical embodiments for use in small generators may have, for example, 1 to 15 turns. The first coil 408 has a first terminal 414 and a second terminal 416.

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of an embodiment of the multiple coil system 400 shown in FIG. 4. The layer of insulation 402 has a bottom surface 418. The second electrical induction winding or second trace 420 forms a second coil 422 on the bottom surface 418 of the layer 402 of insulating material. The second electrically conductive trace 420 may be composed of any suitable electrically conductive material such as, for example, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, and an alloy. Well-known techniques can be employed to form traces on substrates, such as those used in connection with RFID devices and antennas. The induction trace 420 has a second thickness 424 and is wound in a second direction Z with respect to the opening 410 when viewed from above. Electrical induction trace 420 has a second number of turns m, two turns as shown. Trace 420 is not necessarily shown to scale, and any number of turns m may be employed. Typical embodiments for use in small generators may have, for example, 1 to 15 turns. The second coil 422 has a first terminal 426 and a second terminal 428.

As shown in FIG. 4, the first direction Y has a clockwise orientation with respect to the opening 410 when viewed from above. The second direction Z has a counterclockwise orientation with respect to the opening 410 when viewed from above. However, when viewed from below (as shown in FIG. 5), the second direction Z has a clockwise orientation with respect to the opening 410. 6 is another plan view of the system 400, showing that from the same perspective, ie from above, the first direction Y is opposite to the second direction Z. FIG. In some embodiments, the first and second coils 408, 422 may all be wound in the same direction, such as in the same direction (such as direction Y) with respect to opening 410 when viewed from above.

7 illustrates an optional magnetic structure 430 and a multi-coil system 400 shown in FIGS. 4-6, showing a suspension system 432 that facilitates passage of the magnetic structure 430 through the opening 410. Is a side view of yet another embodiment. Some details are omitted from FIG. 7 to facilitate the illustration. System 400 may be configured to operate as a generator that generates electrical energy in response to movement of magnetic structure 430 through opening 410. System 400 may also be configured to operate as a motor to move magnetic structure 430 in response to the application of electrical energy to coils 408 and 422. In the illustrated embodiment, when configured as a generator, if the first terminal 414 of the first coil 408 is coupled to the second terminal 428 of the second coil 422, the first coil 408 is Between the second terminal 416 of the first coil 408 and the first terminal 426 of the second coil 422 in response to the passage of the magnetic structure 430 through the first and second coils 408, 422. The first coil 408 and the second coil 422 both contribute to the voltage component of the same polarity in response to movement. In addition, the second coil 422 provides the largest component of the current i, and both coils 408 and 422 contribute to the current in the same direction in response to movement.

Some embodiments may employ additional coils and / or pairs of coils that are coupled to each other in various ways. Some embodiments may employ one or more bimetal coils. For example, in some embodiments, the first coil 408, the second coil 422, or both coils are referred to as bimetal coils (bimetal coil 100 of FIG. 1, as well as “bimetal coils” in 2006. Bimetal coils disclosed in concurrently pending US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,389, filed June 26, In some embodiments, the magnetic structure 430 may be configured to move along or around the first and second coils 408, 422 rather than through the coils 408, 422. In some embodiments, the first and second coils may consist of a series of trace segments that are coupled to each other instead of or in addition to the wound traces.

8-11 illustrate another embodiment of a multiple coil system 800 employing mismatched coils. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of a multiple coil system 800. System 800 includes a first coil 802 and a second coil 804. The first coil 802 has at least one physical property or characteristic that is different from the corresponding physical property of the second coil 804.

The first coil 802 includes a certain number n of stacked layers of insulating material 806. 9 is a top view of an embodiment of layer 806 of first coil 802. Any number (n) of layers of insulation 806 may be stacked together in the first coil 802. For example, some embodiments may have a single layer 806 of insulation, while other embodiments may employ hundreds of layers of insulation 806. Layers 806 of insulating material may include, for example, an integrated circuit substrate, a substrate or an insulating thin film or sheet. Commercially available materials are commercially available, for example under the trademark Mylar®. The n layers 806 have electrical induction traces 808 wound in the first direction Y with respect to the central hole 810 in the layer 806 when viewed from above as shown in FIG. 9. Electrical induction trace 808 may be comprised of any suitable electrical induction material such as, for example, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, and alloys. Well-known techniques can be employed to form traces on substrates, such as those used in conjunction with RFID devices and antennas. The first lead 812 couples the first end 814 (see FIG. 9) of the electrical induction trace 808 to each other, and the second lead 816 is the second end 818 (FIG. (See 9). As illustrated, each trace 808 has a perimeter 811 defined by depth 809 and width 807 (see FIG. 10). As particularly illustrated, the perimeter of trace 808 is defined according to the following equation:

Principal = 2 * (depth of trace) + 2 * (width of trace)

Trace 808 need not be linear. Therefore, the column 811 can be defined by other dimensions. Trace 808 is used when relative movement occurs with respect to a magnetic field (eg, the magnetic field illustrated by the magnetic flux lines in FIGS. 16-20) that may vary based on the orientation of the coil 804 relative to the vector of relative movement. Have an equivalent diameter The equivalent diameter can be defined as the cross-sectional area of the coil perpendicular to the vector of relative movement divided by the coil's perimeter. For example, the equivalent diameter of the linear trace 808 of the first coil 802 when the optional magnetic structure 840 is moved relative to the coil 802 along an axis 842 perpendicular to the layer 806. Can be described as Equation 4 below:

Equivalence diameter = (width of trace) / (circle of trace)

Trace 808 as illustrated does not form a complete turn. Some embodiments may employ traces with one or more turns, such as those shown in FIGS. 4-7 above. Adding turns to the trace can increase the equivalent diameter of the trace. Traces need not be curved. For example, some embodiments may employ traces that include straight segments. The equivalent diameter of a coil composed of traces can be described as the sum of the equivalent diameters of the traces.

The second coil 804 includes a number of stacked layers 820 of insulating material. 11 shows a top view of an embodiment of layer 820 of second coil 804. Any number of layers m of insulation 820 may be stacked together in the second coil 804. For example, some embodiments may have a single layer 820 of insulation, while other embodiments may employ hundreds of layers 820 of insulation. Layers 820 of insulating material may be comprised of, for example, an integrated circuit board, a substrate, or an insulating thin film or sheet. Commercially available insulations are commercially available, for example under the trademark Mylar®. Each layer 820 has an electrically induced trace 822 wound in the second direction Z with respect to the central hole 824 in layer 822 as shown in more detail in FIG. 11. Electrical induction trace 822 may be comprised of any suitable electrical induction material such as, for example, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, and alloys. Well-known techniques can be employed to form traces on a substrate, such as those used in connection with RFID devices and antennas. The first lead 826 couples the first end 828 (see FIG. 11) of the electrical induction trace 822, and the second lead 830 connects the second end 832, FIG. 11 of the electrical induction trace 822. ) To each other. As illustrated, each trace 822 has a perimeter 825 defined by depth 823 and width 821 as described above for trace 808 (see FIG. 12). Traces 822 need not be linear. Therefore, the principal line 825 can be defined by other dimensions. As noted above for the trace 808 of the first coil 802, the trace 822 of the second coil 804 has an equivalent diameter when relative movement occurs with respect to the magnetic field. Traces 822 as illustrated do not form a complete turn. Some embodiments may employ traces having one or more turns, such as those shown in FIGS. 4-7 above.

An optional coil form 834, which may be a hollow tube, fits into the openings 810, 824 of the coils 802, 804. The perimeters 811, 825 of the traces 808, 822 of the coils 802, 804 may be the same or may vary. In some embodiments, the depth 809 of the traces 808 of the first coil 802 is equal to the depth 823 of the trace 822 of the second coil 804. In some embodiments, the first and second coils 802, 804 may have traces 808, 822 with different depths. In some embodiments, the width 807 of the trace 808 of the first coil 802 is equal to the width 821 of the trace 822 of the second coil 804. In some embodiments, the first and second coils 802, 804 may have traces 808, 822 having different widths. In some embodiments, the traces 808, 822 of the first and second coils 802, 804 may each have a different equivalent diameter.

System 800 may be configured to operate as a generator that generates electrical energy in response to movement of magnetic structure 840 through first coil 802 and second coil 804. For example, when the first lead 812 of the first coil 802 is coupled to the second lead 830 of the second coil 804, n is greater than m and traces of the first coil 802. The equivalent diameter of 808 is smaller than the equivalent diameter of the trace 822 of the second coil 804, the first coil 802 passing through the magnetic structure 840 through the first and second coils 802, 804. In response to provide the largest voltage component of the potential made between the second lead 816 of the first coil 802 and the first lead 826 of the second coil 804, and the first coil 802. And second coil 804 both contribute to the voltage component of the same polarity in response to movement. In addition, the second coil 804 provides the largest component of the current i, and both coils 802 and 804 contribute to the current in the same direction in response to movement. System 800 may also be configured to operate as a motor. As illustrated, the coil form 834 facilitates a generally linear movement of the magnetic structure 840 through the coils 802, 804. Other routes may be adopted. For example, in some embodiments, the magnetic structure 840 may be configured to move relative to the coils 802, 804 along a generally circular path. For example, a toroidal coil system (see FIG. 28) may be employed in some embodiments.

Some embodiments may employ additional coils and / or coil pairs that are coupled to each other in various ways. Some embodiments may employ one or more bimetal coils. For example, in some embodiments, the first coil 802, the second coil 804, or both coils are bimetal coils (bimetal coil 100 of FIG. 1, as well as the name "bimetal coil" in 2006 Bimetal coils disclosed in concurrently pending US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,389, filed Jun. 26). In some embodiments, the magnetic structure 840 is configured to move along different vectors relative to the first and second coils 802, 804 rather than through the coils 802, 804 along the vector corresponding to the axis 842. Can be. In some embodiments, the first and second coils may include a series of linear segments coupled to each other instead of or in addition to curved trace segments.

13 is a side cross-sectional view of a multiple coil system 100 that includes four coils 102, 104, 106, 108. The details of the coils 102, 104, 106, 108 are omitted for ease of illustration. Embodiments of system 100 are similar to those disclosed, for example, in US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,389, filed June 26, 2006, entitled " Bimetal Coil, " Coils may be employed. System 100 has a common coil form 110. Some embodiments may employ additional coil forms. The first coil 102 is wound in a clockwise manner with respect to the coil form 110 when viewed from above, as shown by arrow 112. The second coil 104 is wound in a counterclockwise fashion relative to the coil form 110 when viewed from above as shown by arrow 114. The first and second coils 102, 104 may be coordinated or mismatched. For example, the first coil 102 and the second coil 104 may be mismatched by employing coils with different equivalent diameters, different numbers of turns, or combinations thereof. The third coil 106 is wound in a clockwise manner with respect to the coil form 110 when viewed from above as shown by arrow 116. The fourth coil 108 is wound in a counterclockwise manner with respect to the coil form 110 when viewed from above as shown by arrow 118. The third and fourth coils 106 and 108 may be coordinated or mismatched. The first coil 102 has an upper lead 120 and a lower lead 122. The second coil 104 has an upper lead 124 and a lower lead 126. The third coil 106 has an upper lead 128 and a lower lead 130. The fourth coil 108 has an upper lead 132 and a lower lead 134. The magnetic structure 136 is coupled to a suspension system 138 configured to move the magnetic structure 136 through the coil form 110. Some embodiments may employ additional coils or pairs of harmonic or harmonious coils.

As illustrated, the upper lead 120 of the first coil 102 is coupled to the lower lead 130 of the third coil 106, and the upper lead 124 of the second coil 104 is the fourth coil. Coupled to the lower lid 134 of 108, the lower lid 122 of the first coil 102 coupled to the lower lid 126 of the second coil 104, and an upper portion of the third coil 106. The lead 128 is coupled to the upper lead 132 of the fourth coil 108. The first output 140 is coupled to the lower leads 122, 126 of the first and second coils 102, 104. The second output 142 is coupled to the upper leads 128, 132 of the third and fourth coils 106, 108. The illustrated coupling of the coils can be described as a series-parallel configuration. Some embodiments may combine the coils 102, 104, 106, 108 and the outputs 140, 142. Additional pairs of coils may be coupled to each other in a series-parallel configuration. See, for example, FIGS. 14 and 15 and the following description.

The system 100 shown in FIG. 13 may be configured to operate as a generator that generates electrical energy in response to the movement of the magnetic structure 136 through the coil form 110. In the illustrated embodiment, when the first coil 102 and the third coil 106 have a greater number of turns than the second coil 104 and the fourth coil 108, respectively, the first and third coils ( 102 and 106 are the largest voltages of the potential V made between the first output 140 and the second output 142 in response to the passage of the magnetic structure through the coils 102, 104, 106, 108. The component is provided, and all coils 102, 104, 106, 108 contribute to the voltage component of the same polarity in response to the movement. In addition, the equivalent diameters of the second and fourth coils 104, 108 are greater than the equivalent diameters of the first and third coils 102, 106, respectively, and the load (see load 332 in FIG. 3) is When coupled across the outputs 140, 142, the second and fourth coils 104, 108 provide the largest component of the current i and all the coils 102, 104, 106, 108. They contribute to the current in the same direction in response to movement. System 100 may also be configured to operate as a motor.

14 and 15 illustrate an embodiment of a system 200 that includes a number N of pairs of coils 202. 14 illustrates the relative position of the pair of coils 202 around the axis 204. Each pair of coils 202 has a first coil A and a second coil B. FIG. Each coil has a first lead designated "+" and a second lead designated "-". 15 is a functional block diagram illustrating coupling of pairs of coils 202 to each other in a series-parallel configuration. The first coil A of each pair 202 is coupled to each other in series in descending order to form a first arm 206, and the second coil B of each pair of coils 202 is second arm 208. Are combined with each other in descending order to form. The first arm 206 and the second arm 208 are coupled to each other in parallel. The first lead 210 is coupled to the first end 212 of the coupled arms 206, 208. The second lead 214 is coupled to the second end 216 of the coupled arms 206, 208.

Coils are often employed in devices and applications with magnets. 16A and 16B are diagrams showing the magnetic flux generated by the conventional magnetic structure 500. FIG. 16B is a gray-shaded version of FIG. 16A. The magnet structure 500 includes a magnet 502 having a first pole 504 of a first polarity and a second pole 506 of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity. 16A and 16B show representative magnetic flux equipotential lines 508 illustrating the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 502 of the magnetic structure 500 when the magnet 502 has an intensity of approximately 11,000 Gauss. do. The closer the equipotential lines are in a region, the greater the magnetic flux density in that region.

However, improvements to conventional magnetic structures can be made. In many devices and applications, increasing the flux density in one area can greatly improve efficiency and performance. For example, increasing the magnetic flux density in one area can lead to higher variations, which can lead to increased efficiency, for example, in generators or motors employing magnetic structures. Simultaneously pending US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,858, filed June 26, 2006, entitled “Magnetic Structures,” generates regions of high magnetic flux density by keeping the same poles facing and spaced apart. For example, a magnetic structure is disclosed that can provide a significant improvement in efficiency during power generation.

17A and 17B show magnet structure 600 configured to generate a balanced compressed magnetic field for magnet structure 600. FIG. 17B is the gray shade form of FIG. 17A. The magnet structure 600 includes a first magnet 602 having a first pole 604 of a first polarity and a second pole 606 of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity. The magnetic structure 600 also includes a second magnet 608 having a first pole 61 of a first polarity and a second pole 612 of a second polarity. Magnetic structure 600 may include one or more rare earth magnets, such as, for example, neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets, one or more ceramic magnets, one or more plastic magnets, one or more powder magnets, or one or more other magnets.

17A and 17B show representative magnetic flux equipotential lines 614 to illustrate the magnetic field generated by an embodiment of a magnetic structure 600 employing two essentially identical magnets 602, 608. In particular, FIGS. 17A and 17B show that the first magnet 602 has an intensity of approximately 11,000 gauss, the second magnet 608 has an intensity of approximately 11,000 gauss, the same poles face each other, and the magnets 602, 608 have 6 Representative magnetic flux equipotential lines 614 when kept at a distance of mm are shown. The compressed magnetic field is generated in an area 616 adjacent to the space 618 between the magnets 602, 608. The magnetic field is balanced against the magnets 602, 608 in the magnetic structure 600.

In one empirical embodiment, the magnetic structure is substantially identical cylindrical having an intensity of approximately 13,600 gauss, a diameter of approximately 0.5 inches, and a length of approximately 3/4 inches with the same poles facing each other and approximately 6 mm apart. It was constructed using magnets. The degree of change of the magnetic field in the region adjacent the magnetic structure was approximately the same as that generated by a single cylindrical magnet with an intensity of approximately 68,000 Gauss. This represents an improvement of at least about 500% of a single cylindrical magnet with an intensity of approximately 13,600 gauss.

Further increase in magnetic flux density in the required area can be obtained by an unbalanced magnetic structure configured to generate an unbalanced magnetic field. Magnetic structures may be formed of magnetic elements (such as magnets, or electromagnets) having different physical characteristics or properties, such as, for example, different strengths, physical sizes, shapes, volumes, magnetic densities, equivalent diameters, or various combinations of different physical features and properties. Such as equivalents) to the magnetic structure. For example, a first magnet having a selected physical property of the first size may be employed with a second magnet that is missing or of a different size. For example, a first magnet having a first dimension such as length, width, depth or radius of the first magnet may be arranged with a second magnet having a first dimension of a second size different from the first size. In another example, the first cylindrical magnet having a conical portion can be arranged with a second cylindrical magnet without the conical portion. In another example, a configuration with a first magnet having a first equivalent diameter can be employed with a second magnet having a second equivalent diameter.

18A and 18B are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a magnetic structure 700 configured to generate an unbalanced magnetic field. FIG. 18B is the gray shade form of FIG. 18A. The magnet structure 700 includes a first cylindrical magnet 702 and a second cylindrical magnet 704. In some embodiments, the magnets 702 and 704 may have different shapes and sizes, and various combinations of shapes and sizes may be employed. The first magnet 702 has a length 706, a radius 708, a first pole 710 having a first polarity, a second pole 712 having a second polarity, and a Gaussian strength G ₁ . . The second magnet 704 has a length 714, a radius 716, a first pole 718 of a first polarity, a second pole 720 of a second polarity, and a Gaussian intensity G ₂ . The first and second magnets 702, 704 are positioned such that the same poles (eg, N poles) face each other and are separated by a distance 722. A support structure, such as a housing (see housing 852 shown in FIG. 23), may be adapted such that the same poles face each other and hold the magnets 702, 704 at the required separation distance. As illustrated, the selected physical property is the length of each magnet (which also results in each magnet having a different equivalent diameter). In particular, the length 706 of the first magnet 702 is longer than the length 714 of the second magnet 704. In some embodiments, the magnetic structure 700 may employ magnets having different radii instead of or in addition to magnets having different lengths. Similarly, magnets with different intensities G ₁ , G ₂ may be employed instead of or in addition to magnets having different lengths and / or radii. As noted above, various embodiments of a magnetic structure configured to generate an unbalanced magnetic field may employ magnets having various combinations of one or more physical properties. Magnetic structure 700 includes one or more rare earth magnets, such as, for example, neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets, one or more ceramic magnets, one or more plastic magnets, one or more electromagnets, one or more powder magnets, or one or more other magnets. can do.

18A and 18B show that the intensity G ₁ of the first magnet 702 is approximately 11,600 gauss and the intensity G ₂ of the second magnet 704 is 11,600 gauss with the same poles facing each other and at a distance of 16 mm. A representative flux equipotential line 724 is shown showing an unbalanced magnetic field 726 generated by an embodiment of the magnet structure 700 when the magnets are spaced apart. The magnetic field 726 has a higher density in the region 728 associated with the first magnet 702 and has a smaller density in the region 730 associated with the second magnet 704. Magnetic field 726 also has two higher gradient magnetic field regions 729 and 731 adjacent to magnetic structure 700. The two higher gradient magnetic field regions 729 and 731 are unbalanced with respect to each other. For example, the first region 729 is smaller than the second region 731.

19A and 19B show that the intensity G ₁ of the first magnet 702 is approximately 11,000 gauss and the intensity G ₂ of the second magnet 704 is approximately 11,000 gauss, the same poles facing each other, and the magnets approximately 11 Representative magnetic flux equipotential lines 732 are shown showing an unbalanced magnetic field 734 generated by an embodiment of the magnetic structure 700 when spaced apart at a distance of mm. FIG. 19B is the gray shade form of FIG. 19A. The magnetic field 734 has a higher density in the region 736 associated with the first magnet 702 and a smaller density in the region 738 associated with the second magnet 704. The density of magnetic field 734 in region 736 is greater than the density of magnetic field 726 in region 728 of the embodiment of FIG. 18A, and the density of magnetic field 734 in region 738 is greater than that of FIG. 18A. It is less than the density of the magnetic field 726 in the example region 730. The magnetic field 734 is compressed in two regions 739, 740 adjacent to the magnets 702, 704 and unbalanced with respect to each other and with respect to the magnetic structure 700.

20A and 20B show that the intensity G ₁ of the first magnet 702 is approximately 11,600 gauss and the intensity G ₂ of the second magnet 704 is approximately 11,600 gauss with the same poles facing each other and the magnets approximately 2 Representative magnetic flux equipotential lines 742 showing the unbalanced magnetic field 744 generated by embodiments of the magnetic structure 700 when spaced apart at a distance of mm. FIG. 20B is the gray shade form of FIG. 20A. The magnetic field 744 has a greater density in the region 746 associated with the first magnet 702 and less in the region 748 associated with the second magnet 704. The density of magnetic field 744 in region 746 is greater than the density of magnetic field 734 in region 736 of the embodiment of FIGS. 19A and 19B, and the density of magnetic field 744 in region 748 is shown in FIG. It is less than the density of the magnetic field 734 in the region 738 of 19a and 19b. The magnetic field 744 extends beyond the end 752 of the second magnet 704 adjacent to the space between the magnets 702 and 704, and the region 754 adjacent to the first magnet 702. Is compressed). Region 750 has a subregion with a very high gradient of magnetic field, and region 754 has a subregion 758 with a very high gradient of magnetic field. The magnetic field 744 is unbalanced with respect to the magnetic structure 700, and the areas of high gradient 750, 754 are unbalanced with respect to each other.

In one empirical embodiment, the magnetic structure was constructed using two cylindrical magnets with different physical features. In particular, a first cylindrical magnet having an intensity of approximately 13,600 gauss, a diameter of approximately 0.5 inches, and a length of approximately 3/4 inch, has the same poles facing each other and has an intensity of approximately 13,300 gauss, a diameter of approximately 0.5 inches, and approximately approximately It was held in place approximately 2 mm apart from the second cylindrical magnet having a length of 3/8 inch. The degree of change of the magnetic field in the region adjacent the magnetic structure was approximately the same as that generated by a single cylindrical magnet with an intensity of approximately 95,200 gauss. This represents an improvement of about 700% or more of a single cylindrical magnet with an intensity of approximately 13,600 gauss.

Gauss meters (not shown) are magnets configured to generate an unbalanced magnetic field, such as the optimum shape, strength, and position of the magnets for use in a particular application, such as the optimum configuration for use with a particular coil configuration. It can be adopted to determine the optimal configuration of the structure.

21 shows another embodiment of an unbalanced magnetic structure 100. 21 is not necessarily drawn to scale. The magnet structure 100 includes a first cylindrical magnet 102, a second cylindrical magnet 104, and a third cylindrical magnet 106. The first magnet 102 has a length 108 and a radius 110. The second magnet 104 has a length 112 and a radius 114. The third magnet 106 has a length 116 and a radius 118. The first magnet 102 is kept spaced apart from the second magnet 104 by the first distance 120 and the second magnet 104 is kept spaced apart from the third magnet 106 by the distance 122. The same poles of the magnets face each other. The magnet structure 100 as shown is unbalanced such that the length 112 of the second magnet 104 is different from the length 108 of the first magnet 102. In one exemplary embodiment, the first magnet 102 has a length 108 of 1 inch and a radius 110 of 0.5 inch, and the second magnet 104 has a length of 0.5 inch and a radius of 0.5 inch ( 114, the third magnet 106 has a length 116 of 1 inch and a radius 118 of 0.5 inch.

22 illustrates another embodiment of an unbalanced magnetic structure 200. The magnetic structure 200 is not necessarily drawn to scale. The magnet structure 200 includes a spherical magnet 202 having a radius 204 and a cylindrical magnet 206 having a length 208 and a radius 210. The magnet structure 200 is unbalanced such that the magnets 202 and 206 have different shapes.

FIG. 23 shows a battery including a case 802, a generator 804, a first energy storage device 806, a control module 808, a second energy storage device 810, and contact terminals 812, 814. A fully opposing cross-sectional view of an embodiment of 800. Case 802 has been cut away to facilitate the illustration of other components of battery 800. The case 802 houses a generator 804, a first energy storage device 806, a control module 808, and a second energy storage device 810. Contact terminals 812, 814 are mounted to case 802 at the top 816 and bottom 818 of battery 800, respectively. Case 802 may include an outer case shield 820, which may be a magnetic and / or electrical shield. Case shield 820 may be comprised of a nickel, nickel / iron alloy, nickel / tin alloy, nickel / silver alloy, nickel / iron / copper / molybdenum alloy, which may take the form of a foil, for example. Such thin layers can have a thickness, for example, in the range of 0.002 to 0.004 inches. Magnetic autism is commercially available under several trademarks, including Mu Metal®, Hipernom®, HyMu 80®, and Permalloy®.

In some embodiments, case 802 and contact terminals 812, 814 are for example AA-cell, AAA-cell battery, C-cell battery, D-cell battery, 9-volt battery, clock battery, pacemaker It may take the external configuration of conventional batteries such as batteries, cellular phone batteries, computer batteries, and other standard and nonstandard battery configurations. Embodiments of battery 800 can be configured to provide the required voltage levels, including, for example, 1.5 volts, 3.7, 7.1, 9-volts, and other standard and nonstandard voltages. Embodiments may be configured to provide direct current and / or alternating current.

Generator 804 may be configured to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. As illustrated, the generator 804 is a linear generator that includes a number of coils 822, 824, a magnetic structure 826 configured to generate an unbalanced magnetic field, and a suspension system 828.

As illustrated, the plurality of coils includes two coils 822, 824 wound on coil form 830. For example, coils such as those shown in FIGS. 1-12 may be employed. Some embodiments may, for example, employ a single coil instead of multiple coils. Some embodiments may employ two or more coils. As illustrated, the first coil 822 may include a first wire 832 wound in a first direction on the coil form 830. The first direction is shown by arrow 834. The first coil 822 has a first number of turns n. As illustrated, the number of turns n comprises 72 turns. Other embodiments may employ any number of turns n. For example, a typical embodiment may employ hundreds of turns n. Wire 832 has a first radius 836. The second coil 824 includes a second wire 838 wound in a second direction on the coil form 830. The second direction is shown by arrow 840 and is opposite to the first direction. The second coil has a number of turns m. As illustrated, the number of turns m comprises 21 turns. Other embodiments may adopt any turn m. For example, a typical embodiment may employ hundreds of turns (m). The second wire 838 has a first radius 842. As illustrated, the second radius 842 is greater than the first radius 836.

The first coil 822 has a first lead 844 and a second lead 846. The second coil 824 has a first lead 848 and a second lead 850. As illustrated, the first lead 844 of the first coil 822 is coupled to the second lead 850 of the second coil 824 and the second lead 846 of the first coil 822. And the first lead 848 of the second coil 824 are coupled to the control module 808. Other embodiments may employ additional coils or coil pairs and coils of other configurations. For example, the coils shown in FIGS. 1-15 may be employed in some embodiments.

Magnetic structure 826 includes one or more rare earth magnets, such as, for example, neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets, one or more ceramic magnets, one or more plastic magnets, one or more electromagnets, one or more powder magnets, or one or more other magnets. can do. As illustrated, the magnetic structure 826 includes a housing 852 configured to keep the first magnet 854 spaced a distance 856 from the second magnet 858. As illustrated, the magnetic structure 826 is configured to generate a compressed magnetic field that is unbalanced with respect to the magnetic structure 826. For example, the magnetic structures described above with respect to FIGS. 18A-22 may be employed. As illustrated, the first magnet 854 has a different length than the second magnet 858. The suspension system 828 facilitates the movement of the magnetic structure 826 through the coils 822, 824. Examples of suspension systems that may be employed are described in more detail in concurrently filed US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,564, filed June 26, 2006, entitled “Systems and Methods for Storing Energy”.

The first energy storage device 806 is configured to store electrical energy generated by the generator 804. In one embodiment, the first energy storage device 806 may store electrical energy generated by the generator 804 with little or no adjustment. In another embodiment, electrical energy is described in more detail in concurrently filed US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,564, filed June 26, 2006, entitled “Systems and Methods for Storing Energy”. It may be adjusted before being stored in the first energy storage device 806. The first energy storage device 806 may comprise one or more ultracapacitors, for example. For ease of illustration, the first energy storage device 806 is shown as a functional block.

The control module 808 controls the transfer of energy in the battery 800. The control module 808 typically includes a rectifier that is a full bridge rectifier (809) as illustrated. For example, the control module 808 may include a variety of batteries 800 such as the generator 804, the first energy storage device 806, the second energy storage device 810, and the contact terminals 812, 814. It may be configured to control the transfer of energy between the parts. Some examples of the transfer of energy under the control of a control system are described in concurrently pending US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,564, filed June 26, 2006, entitled “Systems and Methods for Storing Energy”. . Control module 808, which may comprise as a combined control system or as a separate subsystem, may be implemented in a variety of ways. The control module 808 may be a discrete circuit element, one or more microprocessors, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific semiconductor (ASIC), or the like, or as a series of instructions stored in a memory and executed by a controller, or various combinations of the above. Can be executed. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device 806 may be integrated into the control module 808.

The second energy storage device 810 may be configured to store electrical energy delivered from the first energy storage device 806 under the control of the control module 808. The second energy storage device 810 can be, for example, such as a lead storage battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel metal hydride battery, lithium polymer battery or lithium ion battery, sodium / sulfur battery, or any suitable rechargeable energy storage device. It may include one or more conventional batteries.

Contact terminals 812 and 814 provide access for transferring electrical energy to and / or from battery 800. Contact terminals 812 and 814 may be made of any electrically conductive material such as, for example, a metallic material such as copper, silver or tinned copper, aluminum, gold, and the like. Contact terminals 812, 814 are coupled to the control module 808. In some embodiments, contact terminals 812, 814 can be coupled to the second energy storage device 810 instead of directly to the control module 808. As illustrated, the contact terminals 812, 814 have a physical configuration similar to the contact terminals of a conventional C-cell battery. As mentioned above, other configurations may be adopted. Contact terminals 812, 814 are configured to allow battery 800 to be easily installed and removed from external devices such as, for example, radios, cellular phones, or positioning systems. Contact terminals 812 and 814 may employ a magnetic shield.

Energy may be stored in the battery 800 as a result of the movement of the battery 800. For example, if the magnetic structure 826 is neutral with respect to the coils 822, 824 and the battery 800 moves downward, the magnetic structure 826 will move in response to the downward movement of the battery 800. 824). The relative upward movement of the magnet structure 826 leads to the development of current in the coils 822, 824 as the magnet structure 826 passes over the top of the first coil 822.

In some embodiments, suspension system 828 may be tuned to increase the electrical energy generated from the predicted source of energy. For example, if the battery 800 is in an environment where energy is frequently supplied by individual work or progress at known rates or rates, the suspension system 828 may be tuned at that rate or rate. Therefore, the battery can be configured to substantially maximize the conversion of the predicted energy into electrical energy generated by the jogger. In another example, if the battery 800 frequently stops and progresses in congestion in an automobile or irregular movement from an airplane or ground vehicle, the suspension system 828 maximizes the conversion of the energy of the environment into electrical energy. It can be configured to. In another example, if a battery is employed in an environment that is frequently subjected to fluid waves such as water or sea waves, or wind, the suspension system may be tuned to maximize the conversion of the energy of that environment into electrical energy. . In another example, if the battery is frequently vibrated, for example in a moving vehicle, the suspension system may be tuned to maximize the conversion of the energy received from the vibration into electrical energy. Suspension systems, for example, change the strength of any rebound magnet, adjust the tension of any rebound device, such as a spring, adopt multiple mechanical rebound devices, change the length of the path of travel of a magnetic structure, or a combination of these changes Can be tuned by For example, other suspension systems may be employed, such as suspension systems that orient the generator in different directions within the battery. Suspension system 828 may be gimbal and / or employ a rotational movement principle to orient the generator to facilitate optimal conversion of energy into electrical energy. Multiple generators in batteries with different orientations can be employed, and multiple battery configurations can be employed.

In some embodiments, other generator configurations may be employed, such as, for example, radiation, rotation, seebeck, sound, heat, or radio frequency generators. In some embodiments, other suspension systems may be employed, such as a suspension system in which the generator 804 may move relative to the case 802 to take full advantage of the available form of energy. For example, the generator 804 may be configured to rotate in the battery case 802 to align the axis itself with respect to the movement axis or to the movement axis. In another example, the suspension system 828 can be configured to allow the coils 822, 824 to move relative to the magnetic structure 826. In some embodiments, toroidal coil systems may be employed.

24 illustrates a battery including a case 902, a generator 904, a first energy storage device 906, a control module 908, a second energy storage device 910, and contact terminals 912 and 914. Side cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of 900. Generator 904 includes coil system 916, magnetic structure 918, and suspension system 920. Coil system 916 is described, for example, as described above and disclosed in concurrently pending US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 475,389, filed June 26, 2006, entitled “Bimetal Coil” or combinations thereof. It may include one or more bimetal coils similar to the above. For example, coil system 916 may be configured as a single coil or multiple coil system. In yet another embodiment, the coil system can include one or more bimetal coils. In yet another example, the coil system can include a first coil wound in a first direction and a second coil wound in a second direction opposite the first direction with respect to a common reference point. The magnetic structure may comprise, for example, a magnetic structure configured to generate a compressed magnetic field, an unbalanced magnetic field with respect to the magnetic structure, or a combination thereof. The battery 900 has a different configuration than the battery 800 illustrated in FIG. 23, but the operation of the battery 900 is typically similar to the operation of the battery 800 illustrated in FIG. 23. The contact terminals 912, 914 may be made of an electrically conductive material such as, for example, a metal material such as copper, silver or tinned copper, aluminum, gold, and the like. In some embodiments, contact terminals 912 and 914 may be housed in a connector, such as a plastic connector.

25 is a fully opposing cross sectional view of an electro-mechanical system 400 suitable for use in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, as well as other embodiments. 25 is not drawn to scale. System 400 includes a multiple coil system 402, a magnetic structure 404 configured to generate a compressed magnetic field and an unbalanced magnetic field, and a suspension system 406. Suspension system 406 is configured to allow magnetic structure 404 to fully pass through multiple coil system 402 in either direction. As illustrated, the system 400 can be easily configured to operate as a linear motor.

The multiple coil system 402 includes a first coil 408 and a second coil 410 wound on a cylindrical coil form 412. As illustrated, the coil form 412 is integrated with the carrier guide 411 of the suspension system 406. Coil form 412 has a diameter 414. The first coil 408 has a first number of turns n of wires 416 having a diameter 418, where n is in the layer of wires 416 multiplied by the number of layers in the coil 408. Is equal to the number of turns. The second coil 410 includes a second number of turns m of wire 420 having a diameter 422, where m is a turn in the layer of wire multiplied by the number of layers in the coil 410. Is equal to the number of. The first coil 408 is wound in the first direction Y, and the second coil is the second direction opposite to the first direction Y with respect to a common reference point such as the moving axis 464 when viewed from above. It is wound up by (Z).

The magnet structure 404 includes a number of permanent magnets 424, 426 housed within the cylindrical magnet housing 428. Although the illustrated embodiment employs two permanent magnets 424, 426 in the magnetic structure 404, other embodiments of the system 400 may be configured with three permanent magnets, four permanent magnets, or hundreds of permanent magnets. Likewise, different numbers of permanent magnets can be employed. Permanent magnets 424 and 426 are disk-shaped cylindrical magnets as illustrated, but other shapes may be employed. For example, rectangular (eg square), spherical, or elliptical shaped magnets may be employed. Similarly, the faces of the magnets need not be flat. For example, convex, concave, radial, cone, or diamond shaped faces may be employed. Various combinations of shapes and faces can be employed. In some embodiments, an electromagnet may be employed. The magnet housing 428 is configured to hold the permanent magnets 424, 426 fixed in place relative to each other such that the same poles are separated from each other by a distance 430. As illustrated, the north poles face each other, but in some embodiments the south poles may face each other. The first magnet has an intensity G ₁ , a diameter 431, and a length 432, and the second magnet 426 has an intensity G ₂ , a diameter 433, and a length 434. The system has an overall diameter 436 and an overall length 438.

As noted above, the shape, position, and strength of permanent magnets in a magnetic structure, such as magnetic structure 404, can increase the efficiency of generator 400 by generating a compressive and unbalanced magnetic field. The ratio of the length and diameter of the components of the system 400 may also affect the efficiency of the system 400. For example, the ratio of the length from the top of the first magnet 424 to the bottom of the second magnet 426 relative to the diameter of the coil system 412 is the movement of the magnetic structure 404 through the coil system 402. In response, the magnitude of current generated in the coil system 402 may be affected.

The inner side 442 of the carrier guide 411 and the outer side 444 of the magnet housing 428 are made of another material or other material to reduce the potential for coupling between the winding form 412 and the magnet housing 428. It may be coated with a material. For example, the carrier guide 411 may be coated with a non-viscous coating, while the magnetic structure 428 may be made of ABS plastic. Examples of other materials are commercially available under the trademarks Teflon® and Lexan®, respectively.

Suspension system 406 includes a first rebound permanent magnet 460 and a second rebound permanent magnet 462 that are fixed relative to coil 402 at the moving axis 464 of the magnet structure 404. The first repulsion magnet 460 is positioned such that the same pole of the first repulsion magnet 460 faces the same pole of the permanent magnet 424 that is closest to the magnet structure 404. As illustrated, the S pole 466 of the first rebound magnet 460 faces the S pole of the first permanent magnet 424 of the magnetic structure 404. Similarly, the second rebound magnet 462 is positioned such that the same pole of the second rebound magnet 462 faces the same pole of the permanent magnet 426 closest to the magnetic structure 404. As illustrated, the S pole of the second permanent magnet 462 faces the S pole of the second permanent magnet 426 of the magnetic structure 404. This arrangement increases the efficiency of the generator in converting kinetic energy into electrical energy and reduces the likelihood that the magnetic structure 404 will not move in the suspension system 406.

Suspension system 406 also includes a first spring 474, a second spring 476, a third spring 478, and a fourth spring 480. The first spring 474 is coupled to the first rebound magnet 460 and the first end cap 456 of the magnetic structure 404. The first spring 474 is typically in a loaded state. The second spring 476 is coupled to the second rebound magnet 462 and the second end cap 458 of the magnetic structure 404. The second spring 476 is typically in a loaded state. The first and second springs 474, 476 help maintain the magnetic structure 404 centered in the required travel path along the axis 464, with the springs moving along the axis of travel 464. The force is exerted on the magnetic structure 404 by being compressed and stretched by the movement of. The third spring 478 is coupled to the first rebound magnet 460 and approaches the first rebound magnet 460 to exert a repulsive force on the magnet structure 404 in response to the compressive force applied by the magnetic structure 404. To impose. The fourth spring 480 is coupled to the second rebound magnet 462 and approaches the second rebound magnet 462 to exert a repulsive force on the magnetic structure 404 in response to the compressive force applied by the magnetic structure 404. To impose. The springs 474, 476, 478, 480 can be tuned to increase the efficiency of the generator in certain applications and in suitable environments. Tuning can be done empirically. Some embodiments may not employ springs, or may employ fewer springs, or more springs. For example, in some embodiments, springs 478 and 480 may be omitted. Gauss meters (not shown) may be used to provide optimal strength, size, shape and positioning of magnetic structures 424 and 426, size in coil form and number of turns (n, m) of wires 416 and 420, as well as And other physical characteristics of the system, such as diameter 414 of coil form 412.

As illustrated, the first lead 482 of the first coil 408 is coupled to the second lead 484 of the second coil 410. The load or energy source load / source 486 is coupled across the second load 488 of the first coil 408 and the first load 490 of the second coil 410.

Table 1 below sets the parameters adopted in the empirical embodiment of the system 400 illustrated in FIG. 25. In an empirical embodiment, the first magnet 424 of the magnetic structure is a commercially available rare earth magnet sold under model-designated DCC, and the second magnet 426 is a commercially available rare earth magnet sold under model-designated DC8, The first rebound magnet 460 is a commercially available rare earth magnet sold under model designation D61G, and the second rebound magnet 462 is a commercially available rare earth magnet sold under model designation D603. The first wire 416 is a standard size 27 copper wire and the second wire 420 is a standard size 21 copper wire. The empirical embodiment of the system 400 was small to fit sufficiently into a standard D-cell battery. The standard D-cell battery has a length of approximately 2.33 inches and a diameter of approximately 1.32 inches for a total volume of approximately 3.19 inches ³ . Other embodiments of the system 400 shown in FIG. 25 are possible.

parameter Value / comment Intensity G ₁ of first magnet 424 18,000 Gauss Length 432 of first magnet 424 3/4 inch Diameter 431 of the first magnet 424 3/4 inch Intensity G ₂ of the second magnet 426 16,000 Gauss Length 434 of Second Magnet 426 1/2 inch Diameter 433 of the second magnet 426 3/4 inch Distance 430 between first magnet 424 and second magnet 426 0.125 in Radius 418 of the first wire 416 0.00705 in Number of turns n of first wire 416 450 Radius 422 of second wire 420 0.0141 in Number of turns m of second wire 420 250 Overall diameter of system 400 (436) Less than 1.32 inches Overall length of system 400 (438) Less than 2.33 inches Total volume of the system 3.19 inches less than ³

Table 1-Parameters of the Empirical Example

Table 2 below shows an embodiment of the system 400 of FIG. 25 configured according to Table 1 when employed in an embodiment of a battery having dimensions of a standard D-cell battery (see battery 800 shown in FIG. 23). Set empirical results for The system 400 traveled at a frequency of 10 Hz to allow the magnetic structure 404 to pass approximately 3000 times through the coil system 402 for a five minute test period. The number of passes can correspond to the average generated when the system is attached to the feet of individual walks, for example at an average pace of 3.5 miles per hour. The stimulation column indicates the shape of the waveform used to stimulate the movement. The supercapacitor was coupled to the output of the coil system 402 (see the first energy storage device 806 shown in FIG. 23). In Table 2, the load column shows the resistance coupled across the ultracapacitor. The voltage column represents the voltage obtained across the ultracapacitor after 5 minutes of stimulation, and the energy column represents the energy stored in the ultracapacitor as a result of the 5 minutes of stimulation.

stimulus Load Voltage energy Sine wave No load 3.02 V 18.24J Square wave No load 2.83 V 16.02J Sine wave 180Ω 2.70V 14.58J Sine wave 90 Ω 2.41 V 11.62J

Table 2-Results of Empirical Examples

26 is a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of an electro-mechanical system 100 employing a magnetic structure configured to generate an unbalanced magnetic field. System 100 includes a rotor 102 comprising one or more magnetic structures 104 each configured to generate an unbalanced and compressed magnetic field (see FIGS. 20A and 20B) and a stator comprising one or more coils 108. 106. As illustrated, the system 100 includes two magnetic structures 104 and two coils 108. The magnet structure 104 includes a first magnet 110 having a first length 112, a second magnet 114 having a second length 116, and a first magnet 110 and a second magnet. 114 is configured to be spaced apart so that the same poles face each other and generate an unbalanced and compressed magnetic field. Stator 106 includes coils similar to those described above, for example. In some embodiments, rotor 102 may include one or more coils, and stator 106 may include one or more magnetic structures.

27 shows another embodiment of a magnetic structure 100. 27 is not to scale. The magnet structure 100 includes a substantially cylindrical first magnet 102 and a substantially cylindrical second magnet 104. Other magnet shapes can be adopted and additional magnets can be adopted. For example, the shape of the magnets can be changed to facilitate movement through the toroidal coil form (see FIG. 28). The first magnet 102 has a length 112 and a diameter 120. The second magnet 104 has a length 114 and a diameter 122. The first magnet is held away from the second magnet 104 by the first distance 124, with the same poles of the magnets 102, 104 facing each other. The magnet structure 100 as illustrated is unbalanced such that the length 112 of the first magnet 102 differs from the length 114 of the second magnet 104. In some embodiments, the length 112 of the first magnet 102 and the length 114 of the second magnet 104 may be the same. Similarly, as illustrated, the diameter 120 of the first magnet 102 is the same as the diameter 122 of the second magnet. In some embodiments, the first and second magnets 102, 104 may have different diameters.

The first magnet 102 is a substantially semi-annular shaped recess or recess of the second magnet 104 to form a substantially toroidal cavity between the first magnet 102 and the second magnet 104. It has a substantially semi-circularly shaped depression or recess 108 facing the portion 110. Substantially semi-circular shaped depressions, for example, deformed semi-circular shaped depressions, such as recessed semi-circular shaped depressions, semi-circular shaped depressions reflecting manufacturing tolerances, or semi-elliptical shaped depressions. It may include wealth. Substantially toroidal cavities may include modified toroidal cavities such as, for example, toroidal cavities, toroidal cavities that reflect manufacturing tolerances, to elliptic cavities.

As illustrated, the substantially toroidal depressions 108 and 110 have segments 118 that are substantially selective linear. Some embodiments may not employ substantially linear segments 118. The first magnet 102 and the second magnet 104 also have an optional lip 116 adjacent to each substantially annular shaped recess 108, 110. The size of the lip 116 may be selected, for example, when considered along with the distance 124 such that the substantially annularly shaped cavity 106 has approximately the same outer diameter as the diameter 120 of the first magnet 102. Can be.

28 illustrates another embodiment of a coil system 100. The coil system has a toroidal coil form 102 and a number of windings 104 of wire wrapped around the coil form 102. As shown, the coil system 100 has a single coil 106. Some embodiments may employ multiple coils coupled to each other in a variety of ways. Some embodiments may employ one or more bimetal coils. Some embodiments may employ one or more coils consisting of traces on an insulating sheet. Coil system 100 has an optional magnetic structure 108 configured to facilitate relative movement relative to coil form 102 along a substantially circular path. Other magnetic structures can be adopted. For example, the magnetic structures described above can be employed. The magnetic structure and the coil can be configured to facilitate relative movement along other paths. For example, the magnetic structure can be configured to move relative to the coil along a substantially linear path, for example along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the coil (see FIG. 25). Coil system 100 may employ suspension systems and mechanisms (such as rebound magnets) to facilitate relative movement of the magnetic structure relative to coil system 100. The shape of the magnet structure 108 and the housing (see housing 852 shown in FIG. 23), the coil form 102 and the materials of the magnetic structure housing (see housing 852 shown in FIG. 23) are the coil form 102. ) And the frictional and contact points between the magnet structure housing and the housing.

Although specific embodiments and examples of coils, magnetic structures, devices, generators / motors, batteries, control modules, energy storage devices, and methods for generating and storing energy have been described herein for illustrative purposes, As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, various equivalent modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. Listed in the specification and / or application data sheets cited in the specification, including but not limited to commonly assigned US patent applications 11 / 475,858, 11 / 475,389, 11 / 475,564, and 11 / 475,842 All US patents, US patent application publications, US patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications, and non-patent literature are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Aspects of the invention may be modified to adapt various systems, circuits, and concepts of the patents, applications, and publications to still provide further embodiments of the invention, if necessary.

These and other variations can be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described in the description and claims. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the above disclosure, but instead its scope is determined in its entirety by the following claims.

Claims (68)

A first magnetic element having a physical property of a first size, a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, and a second size of a physical property different from the first size, the first A magnetic structure comprising a second magnetic element having a first pole of polarity and a second pole of second polarity; And And a support structure configured to hold the first magnet element and the second magnet elements at a first distance from the first pole of the first magnet element, generally facing away from the first pole of the second magnet element and spaced a distance closer to the surrounding distance. Electromechanical system. The electromechanical system of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. 3. The electromechanical system of claim 2, wherein said second magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. 4. The electromechanical system of claim 3, wherein said physical property is a length and said first size is greater than said second size. 2. The electro-mechanical system of claim 1, wherein the support structure is configured to hold the magnetic elements in place to generate an unbalanced magnetic field that includes an area with a high degree of magnetic field. 6. The electro-mechanical system of claim 5, wherein the support structure is configured to facilitate movement of the magnet structure and coil system relative to each other. 7. The electro-mechanical system of claim 6, wherein at least a portion of the region passes through the coil system as the magnetic structure moves relative to the coil system. 7. The electromechanical system of claim 6, wherein the system is configured to receive mechanical force and generate an electrical signal in response to the receipt of the mechanical force. 7. The electro-mechanical system of claim 6, wherein the system is configured to receive an electrical signal and to generate a mechanical force in response to receiving the electrical signal. 7. The electromechanical system of claim 6, wherein said coil system comprises a plurality of coils. 11. The electromechanical system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of coils comprises a first coil wound in a first direction about an axis and a second coil wound in a second direction different from the first direction about the axis. . 12. The electro-mechanical system of claim 11, wherein the first coil comprises a first number of turns and the second coil comprises a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. 12. The electromechanical system of claim 11, wherein the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. 7. The electro-mechanical system of claim 6, wherein the coil system comprises multiple pairs of coils coupled together in series-parallel configuration. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first coil in the pair of coils in the plurality of coils comprises a first wire wound in a first direction; The second coil in the coil of the pair includes a second wire wound in a second direction opposite the first direction. The electromechanical system of claim 6, further comprising a mechanical delivery system. 17. The electro-mechanical system of claim 16, wherein the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative linear movement between the magnetic structure and the coil system. 17. The electromechanical system of claim 16, wherein the mechanical delivery system is configured to facilitate relative rotational movement between the magnetic structure and the coil system. 7. The electro-mechanical system of claim 6, wherein the system is configured to facilitate relative circular movement of the magnetic structure relative to the coil system. The electro-mechanical apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first pole of the first magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face, and the first pole of the second magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face. system. 21. The electro-mechanical system of claim 20, wherein the substantially semi-circularly shaped faces are dimensioned to form a substantially annularly shaped cavity between the first and second magnetic elements. 7. The electromechanical system of claim 6, wherein the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil. By positioning the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element substantially opposite each other and spaced apart by a distance, the same poles generate a magnetic field that is unbalanced with respect to the magnetic elements and compressed in an area adjacent to the magnetic elements. step; And Causing relative movement between a coil system and the magnetic field. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising rectifying the current generated in the coil system. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising storing energy in an energy storage system. The method of claim 23, wherein the magnetic elements comprise permanent magnets. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein causing the relative movement comprises moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system comprises moving the permanent magnets along a generally linear path. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system includes rotating the permanent magnets. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising optimizing the degree of change in the compressed region of the unbalanced magnetic field. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein said coil system comprises a first coil wound in a first direction and a second coil wound in a second direction different from said first direction. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first coil comprises a first number of turns, and the second coil comprises a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein said first coil comprises a first coil having a first radius and said second coil comprises a second coil having a second radius different from said first radius. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein moving the permanent magnets with respect to the coil system comprises moving the permanent magnets along a generally circular path. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein said first magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face and said second magnetic element has a generally semi-annular shaped face. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the substantially toroidal faces are dimensioned to form a substantially toroidal cavity between the first and second magnet elements. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein said coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil. By positioning the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element substantially opposite each other and spaced apart by a distance, the same poles generate a magnetic field that is unbalanced with respect to the magnetic elements and compressed in an area adjacent to the magnetic elements. step; And Inducing a current through a coil system in the vicinity of the magnetic elements. 39. The method of claim 38 wherein the current is an alternating current. A case; Coil system; A first magnetic element having a physical property of a first size, a first pole of a first polarity, and a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, and a physical property of a second size different from the first size, A magnetic structure having a second magnetic element having a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity; And the first pole of the first magnet element being generally opposed to the first pole of the second magnet and spaced a predetermined distance apart to generate an unbalanced magnetic field for the first magnet element and the second magnet elements. An electro-mechanical system received in the case, the support structure configured to position the first magnet element and the second magnet elements; A energy storage device contained within the case. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein the first magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the second magnetic element comprises a rare earth magnet. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the physical property is length and the first size is greater than the second size. 44. The system of claim 43, wherein the unbalanced magnetic field comprises a region in which the magnetic field is compressed. 45. The system of claim 44, wherein the support structure is configured to facilitate movement of the magnetic structure and the coil system relative to each other. 46. The system of claim 45, wherein said region passes through said coil system as said magnet structure moves relative to said coil system. 47. The system of claim 46, wherein said coil system comprises a plurality of coils. 48. The system of claim 47, wherein the plurality of coils comprises a first coil wound in a first direction and a second coil wound in a second direction different from the first direction. 49. The system of claim 48, wherein the first coil comprises a first number of turns and the second coil comprises a second number of turns that is different from the first number of turns. 50. The system of claim 49, wherein the first coil comprises a first wire having a first radius and the second coil comprises a second wire having a second radius different from the first radius. 46. The system of claim 45, wherein the coil system comprises a plurality of pairs of coils coupled to each other in a series-parallel configuration. 53. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein the first coil in the pair of coils in the plurality of coils comprises a first wire wound in a first direction; And a second coil in the pair of coils includes a second wire wound in a second direction opposite the first direction. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the physical property is intensity and the first size is greater than the second size. 46. The system of claim 45, wherein the system is configured to facilitate relative circular movement of the magnetic structure relative to the coil system. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein the first pole of the first magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face and the first pole of the second magnetic element has a substantially semi-annular shaped face. 56. The system of claim 55, wherein the substantially semi-annular shaped faces are dimensioned to form a substantially annularly shaped cavity between the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil. First means for generating a magnetic field; Second means for generating a magnetic field; Means for positioning said first and second magnetic field generating means relative to each other to generate an unbalanced magnetic field that is compressed in an area adjacent said means to generate a compressed magnetic field; Means for inducing a current; And Means for facilitating relative movement between said compressed magnetic field and said current inducing means. 59. The electromechanical system of claim 58, wherein the magnetic field generating means comprise permanent magnets. 60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the current inducing means comprises a pair of coils, the first coil in the pair comprising a first wire wound with a first number of turns in a first direction and having a first principal field And a second coil in the coil pair comprising a second wire wound in a second number of turns different from the first number of turns, in a second direction different from the first direction Electro-mechanical system having a. 61. The electromechanical system of claim 60, wherein the first number of turns is greater than the second number of turns and the first principal is less than the second principal. 62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the current inducing means further comprises a coupling configured to couple the first coil to the second coil, such that the contribution from the first coil to the potential across the output is second to the second coil. An electromechanical system having the same polarity as the contribution to the potential from the coil. A first semicircularly shaped first magnetic element; A second semicircularly shaped second magnetic element; And And a support structure configured to hold the first magnet element and the second magnet element apart to form a substantially toroidal cavity between the first magnet element and the second magnet elements. 64. The system of claim 63, further comprising a coil system. 64. The system of claim 63, wherein the first magnetic element is substantially the same as the second magnetic element. 64. The system of claim 63, wherein the length of the first magnetic element is longer than the length of the second magnetic element. 66. The system of claim 63, wherein the first magnetic element comprises a substantially cylindrical permanent magnet. 65. The system of claim 64, wherein the coil system comprises a substantially toroidal coil.

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