KR20090028201A - Rock splitting method using the discontinuitys and the free surface performed by link drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

A rock splitting method using the discontinuity and the free surface formed by link drilling is provided to maximize the rock splitting performance by classifying the rock types based on the development state of discontinuities existing on the rock and employing different shapes of free surfaces according to the rock types. A rock splitting method using the discontinuity and the free surface formed by link drilling comprises a first step of surveying the discontinuity state of rock and classifying the type of the rock(S101), a second step of deciding the establishment type of a free surface according to the type of the rock(S102), a third step of setting arrangement of rock splitting holes and the rock splitting direction according to the type of the rock(S103), a fourth step of forming a free surface according to the set free surface form and filling sand in the free surface(S104), a fifth step of boring the rock splitting holes and filling sand inside the bored rock splitting holes(S105), a sixth step removing the sand in the rock splitting holes and the free surface corresponding to the part to crush(S106), and a step of installing a slitter inside the rock splitting holes and crushing the rock of corresponding part(S107,S108).

Description

Rock splitting method using the discontinuitys and the free surface performed by link drilling}

The present invention relates to a rock drilling method, and more particularly to a rock drilling method using a discontinuous surface developed on the rock and a free surface formed by a link drill method in a place where blasting is not allowed.

When installing a structure underground, if a rock appears at the location of the structure, the rock must be removed.

Currently, vertical rock rock excavation methods include chipping by breakers, rock splitters, chemical expansion pressures, CO₂Gas explosion pressures, and pitting holes. Extension method.

The chipping method by the breaker of the vertical sphere rock excavation method is a method of breaking a rock by applying a blow to the rock using a breaker attached to a back hoe, thereby chipping. ) Using a crawler drill to improve efficiency, drill a hole about 50 ~ 70mm in diameter and break the rock by type breaker in the drilled hole. In this method, there is a problem that the rock strength is low and the noise caused by the blow is large in the rock which has high strength or no discontinuity.

The rock splitter method of the vertical sphere rock excavation method is to drill a hole (Hole) having a diameter of 50 ~ 200mm on the rock using a separate puncher, and then to expand the hydraulic rock in the perforated hole In the case of insertion, the rock is split by expanding the cylinder, and there are methods such as Darda, HRS, GNR, and Supper Wedge. In this case, the hole is drilled irrespective of the grain (discontinuous surface) of the rock, and there is a problem that the rock is difficult to split because the free surface is not secured, or the rock depth is 40 cm or less.

The method of using the drug expansion pressure of the vertical sphere rock excavation method is the drug crystallization (Crystallization) after 5-7 hours after filling the slurry in the slurry (Slurry) state in the hole perforated with a diameter of 38 ~ 42mm on the rock The rock splits due to the volume expansion force. Herbs include S-mite, Bristar and Calmite. This method has a problem that the injected medicine curing time is about 5 to 7 hours long, and it is difficult to become halving without securing two or more free surfaces.

In the vertical rock mass excavation method, the rock-molding method using the carbon dioxide gas (CO₂Gas) explosion pressure inserts an ammunition container filled with high pressure CO₂Gas into a drilled hole and then explodes the rock by using an electrical spark. As a way of splitting, there is a product called Cardox. This method has a problem that the explosion noise is very large and the possibility of noise and safety accidents is high, such as the cylinder itself is fired.

In the vertical hole rock excavation method, the method of expanding the core drainage hole is a method of gradually expanding by breaker after drilling 2 ~ 4 holes of 203 ~ 381mm diameter on the rock like the free surface expansion method by blasting gunpowder. There is this. This method is artificially free, but inefficient due to chipping regardless of the rock's natural discontinuity.

Collectively, the problems of the vertical sphere rock excavation methods are as follows: First, the haul efficiency is low because there is no free surface, and the second rock is the haul method that does not use the natural grain (discontinuous surface). Third, the excavation depth is shallow in the range of 10 ~ 40cm. Fourth, the required construction period is long because of 7.0 ~ 10.0m³ / 10hour / 1t halving efficiency.

In the present invention, the concept of pre-installation of the free surface is introduced by the slot cut method in which the drilling holes are successively formed. In more detail, a rock having only one free surface is very difficult to split. A slot cut was performed on the rock by the link drill method, and the concept was used to improve the haul efficiency by splitting the rock using the second free surface.

In addition, the present invention introduces a live rock method that utilizes the discontinuous surface of the rock as a free surface. In more detail, the current haul method is neglected, but most rocks have spontaneously generated grains (discontinuity), and when used as a cut surface, the haul efficiency is doubled.

Therefore, in the present invention, the rock formation is classified according to the difficulty of calcination by combining the state of development of various discontinuous surfaces developed on the rock (eg, seven types) and the free surface having different shapes according to its type (using the slot cut method). It is to provide a rock excavation method that can improve the efficiency of haul by introducing the concept of attempting haul in the strike and dip directions of the discontinuous surface.

In addition, in the present invention, a link drill method in which the side surfaces of the holes are communicated with each other for installation of the second free surface, and the rock is cut to a predetermined width and depth to form a slot cut. Introduced.

In order to achieve the above object, the rock drilling method according to the present invention comprises a first step of classifying the type of rock by examining the discontinuous surface state of the rock to be drilled; A second step of determining a free surface installation form according to the type of rock; A third step of arranging the rock hole according to the type of rock and setting the rock direction (from the inner side to the free surface direction) such that the free surface is located in front; A fourth step of forming a free surface and filling the free surface with sand as determined in step 2; A fifth step of drilling the halved hole as set in step 3 and filling sand into the punched halved hole; A sixth step of removing sand in the free surface corresponding to the portion to be crushed and in the rock; And installing a splitter (halal equipment) in the halal hole to halve the rock at the corresponding site.

The rock types are classified into seven types through the following steps. That is, in the present invention, the first step of determining whether the excavated rock is a rock (unbroken) in a state where no discontinuous surface is developed at all, and classifying the rock as a first rock (R1) when the rock is intact; A second step of confirming the number of sets of discontinuous surfaces of the target rock when the rock to be drilled in step 1 is not intact; If the discontinuous surface of the rock to be excavated in step 2 is one set (set), after checking whether only the primary structure is one set (set) or only the second structure (set), only one set of the primary structure in the above (set) a third step of classifying the second rock mass (R2), and if the second structure is only one set (set), the third step of classifying the third rock mass (R3); A fourth step of determining whether the primary structure and the secondary structure are one set or the second structure only two sets when the discontinuous surfaces are two sets in step 2; In step 4, if the primary structure and the secondary structure are each one set, the primary structure and the secondary structure are judged whether or not the main direction is parallel or cross each other, and then the primary structure and If the direction of the secondary structure is parallel (slope direction is the same), it is classified as a fourth rock R4. If the direction of the primary structure and the secondary structure cross each other (same direction), the fifth rock A fifth step classified as (R5); And if only two secondary structures are set in step 4, it is determined whether the direction of the two secondary structures is parallel or intersect with each other, and the direction of the two secondary structures is parallel. A sixth step of classifying the back surface (the same inclination direction) into the sixth rock (R6), and classifying the seventh rock (R7) when the two opposite structures have opposite directions (different inclination directions); Including the excavated rock mass, including seven types.

In addition, the seven types of rock according to another embodiment of the present invention are as follows. That is, in the present invention, when the discontinuous surface is not developed or develops, the rock between which the discontinuous surfaces are 1.0 mm or more and the inclination direction is 30 degrees or less is classified as the first rock R1, and the convenience is developed and the inclination direction of the discontinuous surface is 40 The hard rock less than degrees is classified as a second rock (R2), and a primary structure or a secondary structure having a layered structure is developed in one set, and the hard rock having an inclination direction of the discontinuous surface in the range of 45 to 60 degrees is third. Classified as rock (R3), primary and secondary structures are developed one set by each set, their periphery and inclination directions are the same, and the hard rock with discontinuous development within 1 mm of the fourth rock mass Classified as (R4), the primary and secondary structures are developed one set (set) each other, their circumferential direction and the inclined direction cross each other, and the rock that showed distinct continuity within 1mm, the fifth rock ( With R5) As a second set of two structures, the light and soft rocks having the same inclination direction and inclination direction and openings of 1 to 5 mm are classified into sixth rock (R6). The opposite direction and the inclination direction are different, characterized in that the soft rock with a fractured nature is classified as seventh rock (R7).

The free surface installation form according to the type of rock is as follows. That is, in the present invention, in the case of the first rock R1, the first free surface 51a is provided in a circular or polygonal shape, and the second free form 51a is formed in a cross shape inside the first free surface 51a having a circular or polygonal shape. 3 free surfaces 51b and 51c, wherein both ends of the cross-shaped second and third free surfaces 51b and 51c are connected to the first free surface 51a; In the case of the second rock R2, the first free surface 52a is provided in a circular or polygonal shape, and in the discontinuous surface graining direction (a direction of discontinuity of the discontinuous surface) inside the first free surface 52a having a circular or polygonal shape. A second free surface 52b is provided, and a third free surface 52c is installed in a direction perpendicular to the second free surface, and both ends of the cross-shaped second and third free surfaces 52b and 52c are provided. Is connected with the first free surface 52a; In the case of the third rock R3, the first free surface 53 is provided in a circular or polygonal shape; In the case of the fourth rock R4, the first free surface 54a is provided in the discontinuous surface graining direction (the direction of discontinuity of the discontinuous surface), and the second free surface 54b is perpendicular to the first free surface 54a. Install; In the case of the fifth rock (R5), the first free surface 55a is provided in a semi-circular or c-shape, and the second free surface 55b is provided in the grain direction (perimeter direction) of the primary structure. One end of the face 55b is to be connected to the center portion of the arc of the semicircle of the first free face 55a or to be in a U-shape; In the case of the sixth rock (R6), the first free surface 56 is provided in a semicircular or c-shape, so that a portion of the arc of the semicircle of the first free surface is perpendicular to the grain direction of the second structure; In the case of the seventh rock R7, the first free surface 57 is provided in the grain direction of any two sets of secondary structures.

In addition, the rock formation hole type and the rock direction according to the type of rock is as follows. That is, in the present invention, the rock hole 61 in the first rock R1 is installed in parallel with the second free surface 51b or the third free surface 51c, and the spacing between the rock holes 61 is 30 to 40 cm. And the rocking direction is made in the direction of the second free surface 51b or the third free surface 51c at a position parallel to these rock holes in the rock hole 61; The haul holes 62 in the second rock R2 are installed in parallel with the second free surface 52b, and the spacing between the haul holes 62 is 40 to 50 cm, and the haul direction is formed in the haul holes 62. Two free surfaces 52b; The haul holes 63 in the third rock R3 are arranged in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock, the spacing between the haul holes 63 is 50 to 60 cm, and the haul holes 63 ) In the direction of the first free surface 53; The haul holes 64 in the fourth rock R4 are disposed in parallel with the first free surface 54a, and the spacing between the haul holes 64 is 60 to 70 cm, and the haul direction is formed in the haul holes 64. One free face 54a; The haul holes 65 in the fifth rock R5 are disposed in parallel with the second free surface 55b, and the spacing between the haul holes 65 is 70-80 cm, and the haul holes 65 are formed in the haul holes 65. Two free surfaces 55b; The haul holes 66 in the sixth rock R6 are disposed in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock, the spacing between the haul holes 66 is 80 to 90 cm, and the haul holes 66 ) In the direction of the first free surface 56; The haul holes 67 in the seventh rock R7 are disposed in parallel with the first free surface 57, the spacing between the haul holes 67 is 90 to 100 cm, and the haul direction is formed at the haul holes 67. 1 characterized in that the free surface 57 is made in the direction of the.

The free surface is formed by using a slot cut method in which a plurality of perforation holes are continuously formed.

As described above, according to the present invention, the rock formation is classified according to the difficulty of the rock by combining the development states of various discontinuous surfaces developed on the rock (eg, seven types), and the free surfaces (slots) having different shapes according to the type of rock. By using the cut method, the rock drilling method for rock drilling in the strike and dip directions of the discontinuous surface can be provided to maximize the rock drilling efficiency for the rock to be drilled.

First, the terms used in the present invention will be described.

(1) Discontinuity (discontinuity): Due to the different types, arrangements, and formation periods of minerals in the formation of rocks, they can be easily separated from the adjacent surface during tension, or due to the change of the earth's crust or geological conditions after the formation of rocks. It consists of an advanced physical structure.

② Primary Structure: refers to the very fragile side of rock separation formed during rock formation, including Prime, and Chistesity.

③ Secondary Structure (Secondary Structure): It refers to the surface that is physically disconnected by the crustal fluctuation or external factors after the rock is created. It includes faults and joints.

④ Structure Complex: It is a structure in which the Primary Structure and the Secondary Structure coexist.

⑤ Intact Rock: Rocks without discontinuities such as primary structure and secondary structure.

⑥ Free Surface: The surface is exposed to air in a state where stress is released. It refers to the displacement space of rock mass or rock piece during rock blasting or hauling.

⑦ Rock Splitting: Splitting rock by physically or mechanically without using gunpowder.

⑧ Slot cut (Slot-Drill): Using a device in which two or three bits are combined in parallel, the rock cuts to the predetermined depth while communicating with each other. This drilling method is called a link drill.

⑨ Splitter: It is a hydraulic jack that is installed in the drilled hole and stretches (crushes) the rock while extending (protruding) the hydraulic cylinder.

⑩ Strike: The direction of the line formed by the discontinuous plane meeting the horizontal plane and the angle between the north pole and the north pole.

⑪ Dip: The slope (angle) of the line crossing at right angles to the main line.

Drill Core drill: It is a punching method in which the core is pushed into the bit by drilling the rock by the hollow bit.

The Down the Hole Hammer: It is a button bit attached to the tip using compressed air, and it breaks the rock into powder by punching about 1,200 times per minute.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a flow chart showing a rock excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, first, the present invention classifies the types of rock by examining the state of the discontinuous surface of the rock to be excavated. (S101) In one embodiment of the present invention, seven types of rock are formed (first rock to seventh). Rock) (R1 to R7), the details of which will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Next, in the present invention, the free surface installation form is determined according to the type of rock classified in step 101. (S102) Similarly, in one embodiment, the free surface installation forms S1 to S7 are seven types. Details thereof will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

Next, the present invention sets the haulhole arrangement and haul direction according to the type of rock mass classified in step 101. (S103) The haul holes are installed so that the free surface is located in the front, and the haul direction is free surface from the inside. Direction should be set. Details thereof will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

Steps 101 to 103 correspond to design steps for efficiently proceeding rock excavation. Substantially implementing this corresponds to steps 104 to 108.

As described above, if the design for rock excavation has been made, the present invention forms a free surface and fills the free surface with sand as determined in step 102. (S104) Of course, the sand filled in the free surface has a piece of rock into the free surface. This is to prevent it from being fitted. For the formation of the free surface, it is preferable to use a rock mill factory described below.

Next, in the present invention, the rock hole is drilled as set in step 103, and sand is filled in the punched rock hole (S105).

Next, in the present invention, the free surface corresponding to the portion to be crushed and the sand in the rock hole are removed.

Then, in the present invention, a splitter (half rock equipment) is installed in the rock hole (S107) to rock the rock of the corresponding area. (S108) The splitter is installed in a perforated hole and mounted in a hydraulic cylinder perpendicular to the pin (Pin). ) Is a device that stretches and fractures a rock as it elongates (protrudes).

Figure 2 is a flow chart for efficiently performing rock type classification according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a rock type classification results (R1 ~ R7) according to the discontinuous surface development state in FIG.

As described in the description of Figure 1, the present invention is to classify the type of rock by examining the state of the discontinuous surface of the rock to be excavated. Of course, discontinuity surveys of excavated rocks should be attended by experts in this field.

In a temporary example of the present invention, as a result of the investigation of the discontinuity state of the rock to be excavated (S201), seven types of rock are classified as follows. In order to perform the rock type classification more efficiently, the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 is performed. It is desirable to lose.

First, in the present invention, as a result of the examination of the discontinuous surface condition of the excavated rock mass (S201), it is determined whether the excavated rock is a rock (defective rock) in which no discontinuous surface is developed at all. (S202)

In step 202, if the excavated rock is a solid rock, it is classified as a first rock R1 (S203).

In step 202, if the excavated rock is not intact, the number of sets of discontinuous surfaces of the target rock is checked. (S204) Here, the number of sets of discontinuous surfaces is mainly one set or two sets. These sets of divisions can be identified through the Bore Hole Image Projection System (BIPS) or by surveying surface geology and other useful data.

When the discontinuous surface of the rock to be excavated in step 204 is one set, it is checked whether only the primary structure is one set or the second structure is only one set (S205).

In step 205, if the discontinuous surface of the excavated rock is only one set (primary structure), it is classified as a second rock R2 (S206) .In step 205, the discontinuous surface of the excavated rock is only one pair of the second structure ( set), it is classified as a third rock R3. (S207)

When the discontinuous surface of the rock to be excavated in step 204 is two sets, it is checked whether the primary structure and the second structure are each one set or only two sets of the second structure (S208).

When the primary structure and the secondary structure are each one set in step 208, it is checked whether the primary directions of the primary structure and the secondary structure are parallel or cross each other (S209).

If the primary direction of the primary structure and the secondary structure in step 209 is parallel (the same inclination direction), it is classified as a fourth rock (R4) (S210), and the primary direction of the primary structure and the secondary structure in step 209 If they cross (the same inclination direction), they are classified as fifth rock R5. (S211)

If only two secondary structures are set in step 208, it is checked whether two secondary structures have parallel or intersecting directions (S212).

If the direction of the two secondary structures in parallel in the step 212 (same direction of inclination) is classified into the sixth rock (R6) (S213), and if the direction of the two secondary structures cross each other in the step 212 (Different inclination direction) Classified as seventh rock (R7). (S214)

As described above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the type of the rock was classified into seven types by examining the discontinuous surface state of the excavated rock.

In addition, the seven types of rock according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The first rock R1 is a rock with a discontinuity of 1.0 mm or more and an inclined direction of 30 degrees or less when the discontinuity is not developed or developed.

The second rock R2 is a light rock whose convenience develops and the inclination direction of the discontinuous surface is less than 40 degrees.

The third rock R3 is defined as a hard rock having a layered primary structure or a secondary structure having a set, and having an inclination direction in the range of 45 to 60 degrees.

The fourth rock R2 is defined as a hard rock in which a primary structure and a secondary structure are developed by one set, their periphery direction and an inclined direction are the same, and an opening within 1 mm is discontinuously developed.

The fifth rock (R5) has a primary structure and a secondary structure developed by one set, and their circumferential and inclined directions cross each other, and the apertures (gap) within 1 mm are clearly visible. It is defined as

The sixth rock R6 is defined as two sets of secondary structures having the same inclination direction as the circumferential direction and an opening of 1 to 5 mm.

The seventh rock R7 has two sets of secondary structures, each of which has a different direction of inclination and an inclination, and defines a fracture zone as soft rock.

Figure 4 is a view showing the free surface installation form (S1 ~ S7) according to the rock type according to an embodiment of the present invention.

With reference to FIG. 4, the free surface installation form (S1 to S7) according to the type of rock shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 will be described.

In the case of the first rock R1, the first free surface 51a is provided in a circular or polygonal shape, and the second and third free surfaces (cross) are formed inside the first free surface 51a having a circular or polygonal shape. 51b) and 51c are provided (corresponding to S1 in the drawing). Both ends of the cross-shaped second and third free surfaces 51b and 51c are connected to the first free surface 51a.

In the case of the second rock R2, the first free surface 52a is provided in a circular or polygonal shape, and the second free surface is formed in the discontinuous surface graining direction (the direction of discontinuity of the discontinuous surface) inside the first free surface having the circular or polygonal shape. A surface 52b is provided, and a third free surface 52c is provided in a direction perpendicular to the second free surface. (Corresponding to S2 in the drawing) Both ends of the second and third free surfaces 52b and 52c. Is connected to the first free surface 51a.

In the case of the third rock R3, the first free surface 53 is provided in a circular or polygonal shape (corresponding to S3 in the drawing).

In the case of the 4th rock R4, the 1st free surface 54a is provided in a discontinuous surface graining direction (periphery of a discontinuous surface), and the 2nd free surface 54b is provided in the direction orthogonal to the said 1st free surface. (Corresponds to S4 in the drawing)

In the case of the fifth rock (R5), the first free surface 55a is provided in a semi-circular or c-shape, and the second free surface 55b is provided in the grain direction (perimeter direction) of the primary structure. One end of the face 55b is to be connected to the center portion of the arc of the semicircle of the first free face 55a or to be a ㅌ (corresponding to S5 in the drawing).

In the case of the sixth rock R6, the first free surface 56 is installed in a semi-circular shape or a c-shape, and the center portion of the arc of the semicircle of the first free surface 56 is perpendicular to the grain direction of the secondary structure. (Corresponds to S6 in the drawing).

In the case of the seventh rock R7, the first free surface 57 is provided in the grain direction of any two sets of secondary structures (corresponding to S7 in the drawing).

Figure 5a is a view showing both the free surface installation form and the haulhole installation form (including haulhole spacing, haul direction) according to the rock type according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5b is by the rock type classification of Figure 2 It is a perspective view which shows the free-surface form, the haul hole installation form, the haul direction, etc. with respect to the 3rd rock R3 among the classified rocks.

In the present invention, as shown in Fig. 4, the free surface is installed according to each rock shape, and as shown in Fig. 5a, the rock surface is arranged according to the shape of the free surface or the discontinuous surface facing direction, and the direction of the rock is determined.

That is, referring to FIG. 5A, in the first rock R1, the first to third free surfaces 51a to 51c are provided as in S1 of FIG. 4, and the halved hole 61 is formed on the second free surface 51b or the like. It is provided in parallel with the 3rd free surface 51c. At this time, the haul hole 61 is preferably installed at intervals of 30 ~ 40cm. Further, the haul direction should be made in the direction of the second free face 51b or the third free face 51c in the haul hole 61 as indicated by the arrow. For example, if the armhole 61 is installed in parallel with the second free surface 51b, the armhole direction should be made in the direction in which the second free surface 51b is located in the armhole 61. Here, 'installing the halal holes in parallel with the free surface' indicates that a plurality of halal holes formed in a line are installed in parallel with the free surface spaced at equal intervals.

In the second rock R2, the first to third free surfaces 52a to 52c are provided as in S2 of FIG. 4, and the haulhole 62 is provided to be parallel to the second free surface 52b as in FIG. 5A. That is, the halal hole 62 is disposed in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock. At this time, the halal hole 62 is preferably installed at intervals of 40 ~ 50cm. In addition, the haul direction should be made in the direction of the second free surface 52b in the haul hole 62 as indicated by the arrow.

In the third rock R3, the first free surface 53 is provided as in S3 of FIG. 4, and the haulhole 63 is arranged in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock as shown in FIG. 5A. At this time, the haul hole 63 is preferably installed at intervals of 50 ~ 60cm. In addition, the direction of the rock is to be made in the direction of the first free surface 53 in the rock hole 63 as indicated by the arrow (see FIG. 5B).

In the fourth rock R4, the first and second free surfaces 54a and 54b are provided as in S4 of FIG. 4, and the haulhole 64 is provided in parallel with the first free surface 54a as in FIG. 5A. That is, the halving hole 64 is disposed in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock. At this time, the haul hole 64 is preferably installed at intervals of 60 ~ 70cm. In addition, the halving direction should be made in the direction of the first free surface 54a in the halving hole 64 as indicated by the arrow.

In the fifth rock R5, the first and second free surfaces 55a and 55b are provided as in S5 of FIG. 4, and the haulhole 65 is provided in parallel with the second free surface 55b as in FIG. 5A. That is, the halving hole 65 is disposed in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock. At this time, the haul hole 65 is preferably installed at intervals of 70 ~ 80cm. In addition, the haul direction should be made in the direction of the second free surface 55b in the haul hole 65 as indicated by the arrow.

In the sixth rock R6, the first free surface 56 is provided as in S6 of FIG. 4, and the haulhole 66 is arranged in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock as shown in FIG. 5A. At this time, the haul hole 66 is preferably installed at intervals of 80 ~ 90cm. In addition, the haul direction should be made in the direction of the first free surface 56 in the haul hole 66 as indicated by the arrow.

In the seventh rock R7, the first free surface 57 is provided as in S7 of FIG. 4, and the haulhole 67 is disposed in parallel with the first free surface 57 as in FIG. 5A. That is, the halal hole 67 is disposed in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock. At this time, the haul hole 67 is preferably installed at intervals of 90 ~ 100cm. In addition, the haul direction should be made in the direction of the free surface 57 in the haul hole 67 as indicated by the arrow.

6a to 6g is a view showing a step of proceeding to the rock bed excavation step in order according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6A, the free surface 50 is formed at a predetermined position of the rock to be excavated 10. Then, the free surface 50 is filled with sand 50 '. The reason for filling the sand 50 ′ is to prevent the piece of rock from being inserted into the free surface 50. The free surface formation is preferably using a rock mill factory described below. Of course, this free surface is applied differently according to the rock shape as described in FIG.

Next, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6B, the haulhole 60 is excavated in parallel with the free surface 50 (or parallel with the result of the discontinuous surface). Thereafter, the sand 60 'is filled in the halved hole 60. Of course, this haul hole is applied differently according to the rock shape as described in FIG.

Next, in the present invention, as shown in Figure 6c, the sand (50 ', 60') in the free surface and the rock hole corresponding to the portion to be broken (indicated 'drilling stage 1' of Figure 6c) Remove The sand removal is scraped off with a suitable scoop or using compressed air.

Next, in the present invention, as shown in Figure 6d, the splitter (half hand equipment) 70 is installed in the haul hole 60. Reference numeral 71 denotes the body of the haul device, 72 is the pin of the haul device.

Next, as shown in Figure 6e, when operating the halha equipment, the pin of the halha equipment is extended in the horizontal direction to push the rock corresponding to the first stage of the excavation toward the free surface. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6F, the rock is crushed.

Next, in the present invention, the crushed rock is removed, and the sand in the free surface and the stony hole is removed by a predetermined depth, and then the shard equipment is moved to the lower side to remove the rock corresponding to the second stage of excavation. In this way, if the rock is crushed to a predetermined depth, the equipment is moved to a nearby halterhole and the rock is crushed in the same manner as described above.

7 is a perspective view showing a rock drilling device and a rock drilling device using the device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 is a rock drilling device and the device according to the first embodiment of the present invention This is a cross-sectional view that briefly shows the drilling of rock. 9A and 9B are perspective views of one side and the other side of the button bit in FIG. 7.

Referring to the drawings, the rock mill mill according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a rotary head unit 110, a drive motor 120, a multi-axis drill rod 130, a down hole hammer (or 'punched' Hammer 140), and a button bit 150. As an example, in the rock drilling apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the driving motor 120, the drill rod 130, the downhole hammer (or also referred to as a 'drilling hammer') 140 except for the rotary head unit 110 (140). ), Three button bits 150 and the like are provided, respectively, and accordingly, in the present specification, they are referred to as first, second, and third. Of course, the number may be two or more, but three or more odd numbers are preferable. The reason for this is described below. Therefore, a description thereof will be omitted.

Rotary head 110 is made of a structure that can be connected / disconnected with the drilling equipment (trailer) (20).

The driving motor 120 generates power and is provided with a plurality (eg, three) according to the number of drilling hammers (or button bits). That is, the drive motor 120 provides power so that three button butts play their role. The power of the drive motor 120 is transmitted to the multi-axis drill rod (three drill rods, also referred to as 'three-axis drill rod') 130, and then down-hole hammer (or also referred to as 'punch hammer') 140 ) And finally to the button bit 150.

The three-axis drill rod 130 is connected to each of the plurality of drive motors 120 (eg, three), and rotates by the power generated by the drive motor 120.

The downhole hammer 140 is connected with three drill rods (three-axis drill rods) 130 to rotate together with the rotation of the three-axis drill rods, and the button bit 150 acts as a piston to strike the perforations. Do it.

The button bit 150 is provided at the lower side of the down hole hammer 140 to directly punch a portion to be punched.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the button bit 150 has a circular body 150a having an air hole in the center 150b, and a plurality of buttons provided at one side of the body 150a. It includes a bit tip 150c to discharge the crushed stone (fine dust, etc.) to the outside using the air introduced through the air hole.

In the present invention, one button bit (first button bit) 151 of the plurality of button bits (150) provided is spaced up and down between the first button bit and the second button bit (152) neighboring, and lowered from the upper side As seen, a part of the first button bit 151 and the second butt bit 152 is configured to overlap. Accordingly, in the present invention, a plurality of perforated holes are successively formed in a slot cut shape (see FIG. 12). As described above, in the present invention, the number of the button bits is preferably three or more odd numbers. .

In addition, the rock drilling device according to the first embodiment of the present invention may further include a guide tube 161, a guide holder 163, and a guide rod 162.

One side of the guide tube 161 is directly connected to the rotary head 110, the other side is connected to the guide holder 162.

The guide holder 163 is connected to the guide tube 161 and maintains the drill rods 130 on the other side so as to maintain a predetermined interval between the drill rods 130.

One side of the guide rod 162 is connected to the guide tube 161, the other side of the guide rod 162 is inserted into the last hole (1c) of the previously drilled hole, one side of the guide rod 162 is a guide It goes into and out of the tube 161. As a result, as the button bit 150 drills the rock 10 as shown in FIG. 11, the guide tube 161 is gradually lowered along the guide rod 162.

As described above, in the rock drilling apparatus according to the first embodiment, three holes 1a, 1b, and 1c first drilled by further including a guide tube 161, a guide holder 163, and a guide rod 162. ) And the next three drilled holes (2a, 2b, 2c) can be maintained at a constant interval. That is, as shown in FIG. 12, a plurality of punched holes may be continuously formed in a slot cut shape with a predetermined pattern.

Figure 10a is a three-axis drill rod arrangement (BB 'cross-sectional view) in the rock drilling device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 10b is three buttons in the rock drilling device according to the first embodiment of the present invention The bits are viewed from below.

Referring to Figure 10a, in the rock drilling device according to the first embodiment of the present invention used a three-axis drill rod (131, 132, 133) consisting of three axes, to maintain a constant interval (k) between each drill rod Guide holder 163 described above was used.

10B, the three button bits 151, 152, and 153 appear to overlap each other. However, this is the shape of three button bits viewed from the lower side. Referring to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8, the first button bit (first button bit) 151 and the third button bit (third button bit) 153 are second button bits ( Slightly below the second button bit 152). Three button bits 151, 152, and 153 placed in this state are gradually lowered by the respective driving motors 121, 122, and 123 at the same time to puncture the rock 10.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the positions of the guide tube and the guide rod as the depth of the drill hole increases in FIG. 7.

Referring to FIG. 11, the positions of the guide tube 161 and the guide rod 162 according to the initial drilling, the drilling middle, and the end of the drilling are sequentially shown from left to right.

In the present invention, since the other side of the guide rod 162 is inserted into the last hole (for example, 1c) among the previously drilled holes, three button bits 151, 152, and 153 gradually drill the rock 10 and move down. Accordingly, the guide tube 161 is also lowered to the guide rod 162 side. At this time, the drill rods 130 are lowered by the guide holder 163 to be maintained at a predetermined interval.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A 'of the apparatus of FIG. 7, showing slot cuts when a certain amount of perforation is made in the rock (corresponding to the drawing of the punching machine of FIG. 11).

In the present invention, as mentioned above, as an example, three buttons were used to drill the rock. In FIG. 12, the first drilled hole (also referred to as the 'first lead') is made of solid lines 1a, 1b, and 1c. do. When the first drilling hole is formed, the guide rod is inserted into the third drilling hole 1c corresponding to the last of the previous drilling holes (first preceding hole), and then the apparatus of the present invention is operated to form the next second drilling hole. The second second hole (also referred to as a 'first follow-up hole') is 2a, 2b, and 2c formed in dotted lines in FIG. 12. The third drilled hole (also referred to as the 'second second hole') is 3a, 3b, 3c. If you continue to drill in this way, successive holes are formed, like slots.

Here, the reason why the number of button bits is three or more odd numbers is as follows. That is, the guide rod is inserted into the third drilling hole 1c corresponding to the last of the first preceding holes. If the depth of the drilling hole into which the guide rod 162 is inserted is different each time (the number of button bits is an even number of guide rods) The depth of the drilled hole to be inserted is changed every time.) It is very inconvenient to operate the device of the present invention. In other words, in the present invention, the depth of the first drilling hole 1a and the depth of the third drilling hole 1c of the three drilling holes (for example, 1a, 1b, and 1c) are the same, and the depth of the second drilling hole 1b is the same. Since only the guide rod 162 is inserted into the last hole 2c of the first follow-up hole to form the second follow-up holes 3a, 3b, and 3c, the last hole 2c of the first follow-up hole 2c is inserted. Since the depth of) is equal to the depth of the last drilling hole 1c of the first preceding hole, it is not necessary to set a new depth every time the guide rod is to be inserted. In other words, when the number of button bits is even, the depth of the drill hole into which the guide rod is inserted is changed every time, which causes the user to have to correct (correct) each time (when the depth of the drill hole is changed).

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D 'of FIG. 11, showing a guide tube and a guide rod simultaneously in the apparatus of FIG. 7.

Referring to the drawings, in the present invention, it is preferable that one side of the guide rod is formed to be slightly concave, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. This is to eliminate mutual friction between the guide rod 162 and the first button bit 151 located closest to the guide rod during operation. Therefore, one side of the aforementioned guide rod 162 indicates a portion in contact with the first button bit 151.

Rock mill plant according to the first embodiment of the present invention having the structure as described above is preferably used in places where there is no civil complaints caused by noise generated during drilling or large-scale construction.

14 is a rock drilling device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, the rock mill factory according to the second embodiment of the present invention body 210, the drive motor 220, the core tube (Core tube) 230, the drill bit (240), lifting The hydraulic cylinder 251, the leader election (leader election) cylinder (252), the interval adjustment hydraulic cylinder 253, and a holder (Holder) (260) is included.

Body 210 is in the form of a tower, it is connected to a drilling equipment (trailer) (not shown), the guide rail is formed on one side.

Drive motor 220 is formed on one side of the body 210 to generate power, is provided to match the number of drill bits 240. As an example, in the rock drilling apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, not only the driving motor 220 but also two core tubes 230 and drill bits 240 are provided, respectively. Is named second. Of course, three or more drive motors may be provided.

Two core tubes (first core tube, second core tube) 231, 232 are connected to the two driving motors (first driving motor, second driving motor) 221, 222, respectively, to drive Rotate by the power generated by the motor.

Drill bits (first drill bit, second drill bit) 241, 242 is located below the core tube (first core tube, second core tube) 231, 232 and the area to be drilled Direct contact is made to drill the rock.

Drill bits 241 and 242 used in the present invention are hollow bits. The drill bit will be described with reference to FIG. 15.

The distance between the first drill bit 241 and the second drill bit 242 should be smaller than the diameter of the first drill bit (or second drill bit). The reason is that after cutting the first preceding hole by using the first and second drill bits, and then drilling by shifting the position of the first and second drill bits to the left (or right) slightly when drilling the subsequent holes (Slot cut) This is because perforation is possible in the form of. Detailed description thereof will be made with reference to FIG. 16.

In the lifting hydraulic cylinder 251, the driving motor 220, the core tube 230, the drill bit 240, and the like are moved up and down along the guide rail provided in the body 210.

The leader selection cylinder 252 is a cylinder that adjusts the drilling angle by tilting the device including the core tube 230 and the drill bit 240 by a predetermined angle. In order to tilt the device including the core tube 230 and the drill bit 240 by the leader selection cylinder 252 at a predetermined angle, a hinge 255 is further provided.

The hydraulic cylinder 253 for adjusting the gap serves to keep the gap between the first core tube 231 and the second core tube 232 constant.

Holder 260 is a device for fixing so that a constant interval between the core tube 231, 232 is maintained after the interval adjustment between the core tube is made by the hydraulic cylinder 253 for adjusting the interval, assists the hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the interval Is a device that

In addition, the present invention may further include a horizontal adjustment cylinder 254 provided on the lower side of the body 210 to adjust the entire horizontal.

Rock mill plant according to a second embodiment of the present invention having the above-described structure is preferably used in small-scale construction sites that may cause civil complaints due to noise and dust generated during drilling.

Reference numeral 271 denotes a wheel, 272 denotes a pad jack, and 273 denotes an engine unit for driving a drive motor.

In the present invention, by replacing the wheel with a small endless track can be equipped with a self-propelled equipment by the drive engine 273 to facilitate the position movement in the workplace.

FIG. 15 is a view of the drill bit in FIG. 14 as viewed from below. FIG.

Referring to the drawings, as described above, the drill bit 240 used in the rock drilling device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is a hollow (donut) bit. That is, the drill bit 240 of the present invention is generally circular or polygonal, and the hollow portion in which the central portion 240a is drilled in one direction.

A plurality of blades 240b are formed on the side portion of the drill bit 240 instead of the center portion of the drill bit 240 so as to perforate the rock, or a blade 240b having a circular or polygonal shape is formed. In the present invention, a diamond bit may be used instead of the blade.

When the rock is drilled using the hollow drill bit of the present invention, the core corresponding to the center portion of the drill bit is taken out using a separate convenient tool.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a slot cut corresponding to the case of using the apparatus of FIG. 14.

When the initial drilling (preliminary drilling) is performed using the apparatus as shown in FIG. 14, holes (solid line notation) as shown in FIG. 16A are processed. Then, moving slightly to the right to drill the subsequent hole (dotted line notation) results in the shape as shown in FIG. 16B. Finally, it becomes a slot cut form as shown in FIG. 16C.

As described above, with reference to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art will be variously modified and modified within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims below. It will be appreciated that it can be changed.

1 is a flow chart showing a rock excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a flow chart for efficiently performing rock type classification according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a rock type classification result (R1 ~ R7) according to the discontinuous surface development state in FIG.

Figure 4 is a view showing the free surface installation form (S1 ~ S7) according to the rock type according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5a is a view showing both the free surface installation form and the haul hole installation form (including haul hole spacing, haul direction) according to the rock type according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5B is a perspective view illustrating a free surface shape, a rock formation hole shape, a rock formation direction, and the like for the third rock R3 among the rocks classified by the rock type classification of FIG. 2.

6a to 6g is a view showing a step of proceeding to the rock bed excavation step in order according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a perspective view showing the rock drilling device according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the rock drilling using the device.

8 is a cross-sectional view showing a rock drilling device according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a simplified view of drilling a rock using the device.

9A and 9B are perspective views of one side and the other side of the button bit in FIG. 7.

Figure 10a is a three-axis drill rod arrangement (BB 'cross-sectional view) in the rock drilling device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 10b is three buttons in the rock drilling device according to the first embodiment of the present invention The bits are viewed from below.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the positions of the guide tube and the guide rod as the depth of the drill hole increases in FIG. 7.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A 'of the apparatus of FIG. 7, showing slot cuts when the rock is perforated to some extent (corresponding to the middle figure of FIG. 11).

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D 'of FIG. 11, showing a guide tube and a guide rod simultaneously in the apparatus of FIG. 7.

14 is a rock drilling device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a view of the drill bit in FIG. 14 as viewed from below. FIG.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a slot cut corresponding to the case of using the apparatus of FIG. 14.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: Drilling part (eg rock) 20: Drilling equipment (trailer)

30: vertical hole excavation surface 110: rotary head

51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, 52c, 53, 54a, 54b, 55a, 55b, 56, 57: free plane

61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67: halite

120: drive motor 130: three-axis drill rod

140: down hole hammer (punch hammer) 150: button beat

150a: button bit body 150b: center portion

150c: bit tip 161: guide tube

162: guide rod 163: guide holder

1a, 1b, 1c: First preceding hole 2a, 2b, 2c: First subsequent hole

3a, 3b, 3c: third subsequent hole 210: body

220: drive motor 230: core tube

240: drill bit 240a: blade

240b: center portion 251: lifting hydraulic cylinder

252: leader selection cylinder 253: hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the gap

254: cylinder for leveling 260: holder

Claims (6)

A first step of classifying the type of rock by examining the state of the discontinuity of the rock to be excavated; A second step of determining a free surface installation form according to the type of rock; A third step of arranging the rock hole according to the type of rock and setting the rock direction (from the inner side to the free surface direction) such that the free surface is located in front; A fourth step of forming a free surface and filling the free surface with sand as determined in step 2; A fifth step of drilling the halved hole as set in step 3 and filling sand into the punched halved hole; A sixth step of removing sand in the free surface corresponding to the portion to be crushed and in the rock; And Rock splitting method comprising the step of installing a splitter (half rock equipment) in the halal hole to rock the rock of the corresponding area. The method of claim 1, Type classification of the rock, A first step of determining whether the rock to be excavated is a rock in which a discontinuous surface is not developed at all, and classifying the rock into a first rock (R1) when the rock is intact; A second step of confirming the number of sets of discontinuous surfaces of the target rock when the rock to be drilled in step 1 is not intact; If the discontinuous surface of the rock to be excavated in step 2 is one set (set), after checking whether only the primary structure is one set (set) or only the second structure (set), only one set of the primary structure in the above (set) a third step of classifying the second rock mass (R2), and if the second structure is only one set (set), the third step of classifying the third rock mass (R3); If the discontinuous surface is two sets in step 2, a fourth step of checking whether the primary structure and the second structure are each one set or the second structure only two sets; In step 4, if the primary structure and the secondary structure are each one set, the primary structure and the secondary structure are judged whether or not the main direction is parallel or cross each other, and then the primary structure and If the direction of the secondary structure is parallel (slope direction is the same), it is classified as a fourth rock R4. If the direction of the primary structure and the secondary structure cross each other (same direction), the fifth rock A fifth step classified as (R5); And If only two secondary structures are set in step 4, it is determined whether the direction of the two secondary structures is parallel or intersect with each other. If the direction of the two secondary structures is parallel, A sixth step of classifying the sixth rock (R6) and classifying the seventh rock (R7) when the two opposite structures have opposite directions (different inclination directions); Rock excavation method comprising the seven types of excavated rock. The method of claim 1, The type of rock mass is classified, If the discontinuous surface is not developed or developed, the rock with the gap between the discontinuous surfaces of 1.0 mm or more and the inclination direction of 30 degrees or less is classified as the first rock R1. The hard rock whose convenience develops and the inclined direction of the discontinuous surface is less than 40 degrees is classified as the second rock (R2), The primary structure or the secondary structure having a layered structure is developed in one set, and the hard rock having the inclination direction of the discontinuous surface in the range of 45 to 60 degrees is classified as the third rock (R3), Primary and secondary structures are developed by one set, and the hard rock with their periphery and inclination in the same direction and discontinuously developed within 1 mm are classified as fourth rock (R4). Primary and secondary structures are developed by one set, and the rock masses having their circumferential and oblique directions intersecting each other and the openings that are distinctly continuous within 1 mm are classified as fifth rock (R5), It is classified into sixth rock (R6) with two sets of secondary structures, the hard rock and soft rock with the same direction of inclination and the inclination direction and opening of 1 to 5 mm. A rock digging method comprising two sets of secondary structures, each of which is classified as a seventh rock (R7), each of which has a different crushing direction and a crushing band. The method of claim 2 or 3, The free surface installation form according to the type of rock, In the case of the first rock R1, the first free surface 51a is provided in a circular or polygonal shape, and the second and third free surfaces (cross) are formed inside the first free surface 51a having a circular or polygonal shape. 51b) and 51c, wherein both ends of the cross-shaped second and third free surfaces 51b and 51c are connected to the first free surface 51a; In the case of the second rock R2, the first free surface 52a is provided in a circular or polygonal shape, and in the discontinuous surface graining direction (a direction of discontinuity of the discontinuous surface) inside the first free surface 52a having a circular or polygonal shape. A second free surface 52b is provided, and a third free surface 52c is installed in a direction perpendicular to the second free surface, and both ends of the cross-shaped second and third free surfaces 52b and 52c are provided. Is connected with the first free surface 52a; In the case of the third rock R3, the first free surface 53 is provided in a circular or polygonal shape; In the case of the fourth rock R4, the first free surface 54a is provided in the discontinuous surface graining direction (the direction of discontinuity of the discontinuous surface), and the second free surface 54b is perpendicular to the first free surface 54a. Install; In the case of the fifth rock (R5), the first free surface 55a is provided in a semi-circular or U-shape shape, and the second free surface 55b is provided in the grain direction of the primary structure. One end of the face 55b is to be connected to the middle portion of the arc of the semicircle of the first free face 55a or in a U-shape; In the case of the sixth rock (R6), the first free surface 56 is provided in a semicircular or c-shape, so that a portion of the arc of the semicircle of the first free surface is perpendicular to the grain direction of the second structure; In the case of the seventh rock (R7), the rock drilling method is characterized in that the first free surface (57) is provided in the grain direction of any two sets of secondary structures. The method of claim 4, wherein The haulhole 61 in the 1st rock R1 is provided in parallel with the 2nd free surface 51b or the 3rd free surface 51c, and the spacing between the haulholes 61 is 30-40 cm, and the rock formation direction Is made in the direction in which the second free surface 51b or the third free surface 51c is located at the position parallel to these rock holes in the rock hole 61; The haul holes 62 in the second rock R2 are installed in parallel with the second free surface 52b, and the spacing between the haul holes 62 is 40 to 50 cm, and the haul direction is formed in the haul holes 62. Two free surfaces 52b; The haul holes 63 in the third rock R3 are arranged in parallel with the circumferential direction (grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock, the spacing between the haul holes 63 is 50 to 60 cm, and the haul holes 63 ) In the direction of the first free surface 53; The haul holes 64 in the fourth rock R4 are disposed in parallel with the first free surface 54a, and the spacing between the haul holes 64 is 60 to 70 cm, and the haul direction is formed in the haul holes 64. One free face 54a; The haul holes 65 in the fifth rock R5 are disposed in parallel with the second free surface 55b, and the spacing between the haul holes 65 is 70-80 cm, and the haul holes 65 are formed in the haul holes 65. Two free surfaces 55b; The haul holes 66 in the sixth rock R6 are disposed in parallel with the circumferential direction (the grain direction) of the discontinuous surface of the rock, the spacing between the haul holes 66 is 80-90 cm, and the haul holes 66 ) In the direction of the first free surface 56; The haul holes 67 in the seventh rock R7 are disposed in parallel with the first free surface 57, the spacing between the haul holes 67 is 90 to 100 cm, and the haul direction is formed at the haul holes 67. 1 Rock drilling method characterized in that the direction consisting of the free surface (57). The method of claim 5 or 6, The formation of the free surface is a rock drilling method, characterized in that using a slot cut method in which a plurality of drilling holes are formed continuously.

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