KR20090004262U - Series surge suppression structure - Google Patents

Abstract

As a series surge suppression structure, mainly: a circuit board, a ground line and a plurality of direct current application circuits are disposed on the circuit board, and a multilayer surge absorption unit is disposed in series with the ground line and the plurality of direct current application circuits, Wherein each surge absorption unit is comprised of a pair of chokes having a layered surge suppression member connected in parallel between a ground line and one end of the choke; A power connection terminal, the power connection terminal being located at one side of the circuit board and electrically connected to a final end of the multilayer surge absorption unit; And a protective terminal, the protective terminal being located at the other side of the circuit board and electrically connected to the final end at the other side of the multilayer surge absorption unit; Thus, the protective terminal can be used for connection with a communication circuit or electrical equipment and the power connection terminal is used for connection with an external wire, thereby forming a multilayer surge absorption protection by series connection. Derivative modules, on the other hand, can be suitably manufactured to enable multiple modules to be connected together and to expand their use as a three-phase multilayer surge absorption protection, thereby achieving the effect of substantially suppressing surges. Expand your reach.

Surge current, lightning, switching, residual voltage, residual energy, circuit protection

Description

Series Surge Suppression Structures {SERIES SURGE SUPPRESSION STRUCTURE}

The present invention relates to a series surge suppression structure using a clamp voltage and energy storage method in order to achieve a substantial protective effect on the residual voltage and residual energy of the surge entering the protected installation. The specific circuit implemented by the present invention may be applied to a power input / output terminal and a signal input / output terminal. Certain circuits according to the present invention will have a better protective effect than conventional circuits in surge suppression.

In general, surges are due to two sources: one of which is a lightning surge resulting from a thunder cloud discharge, and the other is a switching surge resulting from the switching operation of a power system installation. The surge itself has the characteristics of instantaneous high voltage, large current and large energy; Surge voltages can be as high as hundreds of kV and discharge currents can be as high as tens of kA. In addition, because the rise time of the surge waveform is microsecond level and the duration is 10 microseconds, the surge is potentially dangerous for electronic equipment, which is from thundercloud to thundercloud discharge or ground discharge in thundercloud. This is true whether the induced surge voltage is generated by or the switching surge voltage generated by the operation of the power system installation itself. During surge intrusions, the operation of electronic equipment, power equipment or communication equipment will be unstable and may even cause malfunctions (susceptibility interference), the most serious of which is terminal members, electronic equipment, power equipment. And damage to the communication facility (vulnerable interference). Accordingly, in order to protect the equipment from damage, most electronic equipment, communication equipment and power equipment employ and additionally include surge absorbers.

In general, conventional surge suppression is achieved by employing a gas tube or metal oxide varistor (MOV) surge suppression member, and the techniques using such employ mostly parallel mode connection schemes. In practice, however, this approach still does not provide an effective process for the discharge of surge currents; The protective effect is not large enough that the residual surge current still flows into the protected plant and can cause significant damage. In particular, some expensive installations can cost tens of millions to $ 100 million each, and if good protection is not provided, the damage will be very serious and once it is attacked by a surge it may be impossible to estimate the damage. .

In order to improve the current surge suppression method in which only the surge suppression element is simply used, it is possible to substantially reduce the residual energy introduced into the protected equipment and to overcome the drawbacks arising from the conventional surge suppression method described above. The present invention is proposed. The present invention takes an energy process for surges; In other words, the surge voltage and the discharge current can be processed simultaneously to effectively reduce the residual energy and current voltage of the surge to obtain a substantial surge suppression effect.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention proposes a series surge suppression structure, the series surge suppression structure mainly comprising:

A circuit board, wherein a ground line and a plurality of galvanization circuits are disposed on the circuit board, and a multilayer surge absorption unit is disposed in series with the ground line and the plurality of direct current application circuits. Each surge absorption unit is a layered surge connected in parallel between the ground line and one end of the choke. A circuit board composed of a pair of chokes having a suppression member;

A power connection terminal, the power connection terminal being located at one side of the circuit board and electrically connected to a final end of the multilayer surge absorption unit; And

A protective terminal, the protective terminal being located at the other side of the circuit board and electrically connected to a final end at the other side of the multilayer surge absorption unit;

Thus, the protective terminal can be used for connection with a communication circuit or electrical equipment and the power connection terminal is used for connection with an external wire, thereby forming a multilayer surge absorption protection by series connection. Derivative modules, on the other hand, are suitably manufactured to enable multiple modules to be connected together and to extend their use as a three-phase multilayer surge absorption protection, thereby substantially suppressing surges. Extend the range of available use.

Most importantly, when the present invention is applied, it is possible not only to accurately calculate the surge suppression effect but also to manufacture the product on demand, so that the surge suppression structure according to the present invention can be used in various communication circuits and electrical installations. It can be widely used, effectively prevent the damage caused by surge intrusion, allow the apparatus to maintain normal operation, and expand its use.

With reference to the accompanying drawings and the following description, the present invention may be more fully understood.

See FIGS. 1 to 7. Series surge suppression structures, mainly:

As the circuit board 8, a ground line 6 and a plurality of direct current application circuits 4 are disposed on the circuit board, and the multilayer surge absorption unit 7 is the ground line 6 and a plurality of direct current electric devices. Disposed in series with the circuit 4, each of the surge absorption units 7 having a layered surge suppression member 1 connected in parallel between the ground line 6 and one end of the choke 2; A circuit board 8, composed of a pair of chokes 2;

A power connection terminal (81), which is located at one side of the circuit board (8) and electrically connected to a final end of the multilayer surge absorption unit (7); And

A protective terminal (82), comprising a protective terminal (82), which is located on the other side of the circuit board (8) and is electrically connected to the final end on the other side of the multilayer surge absorption unit (7);

Accordingly, the protective terminal 82 can be used for connection with the communication circuit 51 (as shown in FIG. 7) or the electrical installation 52 (as shown in FIG. 2), and the power connection The terminal 81 is used for connection with an external wire,

Allow the multilayer surge absorption unit 7 on the circuit board 8 to be arranged in series between an external wire and the communication circuit 51 or the electrical equipment 52 can form a multilayer surge absorption protection. Allow it to be.

In particular, according to that kind of series surge suppression method, the surge suppression member 1 (MOVs) and the choke 2 in the surge absorption unit 7 can be used to reduce the residual voltage and the residual energy so that the multilayer clamp voltage can be used. And tank circuits, which can achieve significant surge reduction effects, protect equipment accurately and effectively, prevent damage from surge intrusion, and allow equipment or equipment to maintain normal operation. do.

Substantially, as shown in Fig. 2, there are two direct current application circuits 4, but in theory there may be more than one. In addition, the surge suppression member 1 in each layer will have a delta type arrangement, but they may also have a Y-type arrangement.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the surge suppression member 1 and the choke 2 are arranged spaced apart from each other on the circuit board 8 in an alternate permutation. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, only the chokes 2 can be arranged at a distance on the middle portion of the circuit board 8 and each of the surge suppression members 1 is on two sides of the circuit board 8. Can be placed at a distance. Otherwise, as shown in FIG. 4, surge suppression members are allowed to be spaced on the middle portion of the circuit board 8 and each choke 2 is spaced on two sides of the circuit board 8. do.

The structure of the present invention is in fact very practical and has a very good surge suppression effect; It may be widely applied in a variety of different electronic or communication facilities where the operating voltage (including AC and DC) and the operating current are different. In addition, it is important that under the overall planning design of the structure, corresponding products can be manufactured by calculating the following specific equations, wherein the present invention substantially provides the best surge suppression effect for various application requirements. to provide.

Reference is made again to FIG. 2. A circuit is constructed by coupling a plurality of sets of surge suppression members 1 (MOVs) to the choke 2 by successive series connections, where a plurality of surge suppression members 1 are provided with a plurality of direct current application circuits 4. Parallel to the choke 2 and the ground line 6 connected in series by a multi-layered type in parallel, and extend to LN, LG and NG to balance structure. To form. In this figure, the surge suppression member 1 in each layer may have a delta type arrangement (but may also have a Y-type arrangement); In order to be used as a protection for a general electrical installation 52 or similar, it may be applied to an AC low voltage single phase installation by combining the layers together.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the circuit of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 is modular in accordance with the general standard specification in order to allow the user to select and combine it with various other power specifications of the electrical installation. May be made into a product. For example, the modular product may be used substantially by coupling the power reactor to lightning protection or may be used as protection for AC high voltage three-phase installations.

Reference is again made to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5. FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a derivative application of a modular product made from the circuit shown in FIG. 2. Each module 9 is constituted by a circuit board 8 on which a ground line 6 and a plurality of direct current application circuits 4 are arranged, and a multi-layer surge absorption unit 7 includes the ground line 6 and the It is arranged on the direct current application circuit 4. The power connection terminals 81 are disposed at one side of each module 9, and the protection terminals 82 are disposed at the other side of each module 9; The power connection terminal 81 is also arranged on one side of the circuit board 8 and electrically connected to the final end of the multilayer surge absorption unit 7, and the protection terminal 82 is also on the other side of the circuit board. And electrically connected with the last end of the other side of the multilayer surge absorption unit 7.

See FIG. 6. When the present invention is actually applied, three (or more) modules are arranged in parallel, the protective terminals are arranged by connecting the protective terminals with the delta type and connected to the electrical installation 52, and also the power connection terminals. 81 are arranged by connecting the power connection terminals together with the delta type and connected to an external wire. Thereafter, the above-described structure can be used as a three-phase series-connected multilayer surge absorption protection. While the delta type is shown in the figures, the aforementioned structure may have a Y-type arrangement.

More specifically how the present invention calculates the surge suppression effect and how to manufacture a product that meets the practical requirements of the customer's costomization is as follows. In order that the mathematical calculations on the equations can be carried out smoothly, no corresponding element natation will be marked in the following description. Such is described herein.

In addition, in order to provide a simple example of the implementation of the mathematical calculation, the most basic circuit according to the present invention shown in FIG. The circuit is similarly constructed by coupling a plurality of surge suppression members (MOVs) to the choke 2 by means of a continuous series connection, as shown in FIG. 7, wherein the surge suppression members 1 (MOVs) and chokes ( The same specification of 2) would apply similarly. The circuit may be applied for protection of the communication circuit 51 and similar facilities.

The residual voltage and residual energy at the two ends of the plant to be protected in this figure may be represented by the following mathematical expression.

The mathematical theoretical inference of the method according to the present invention is based on the assumption that the specifications of the chokes and MOVs used in each layer are the same. About 50% of the surge current flows into the MOVs and the remaining 50% of the surge current flows into the chokes.

Accordingly, i = i ₁ ^' + i ₁ = 2i ₁ , (i ₁ ' = i ₁ ), i ₁ '= i ₂ + i ₂ ' = 2i ₂ , (I ₂ '= i ₂ ) ---- Becomes

The surge current flowing into the current shown in FIG. 7 is i = i ₁ '+ i ₁ , and the corresponding points P1 to P10 shown in the drawing are as follows. In other words:

P1 represents the clamping voltage V _c1 of the first layer, i ₁ ′ is the surge current flowing through the MOV.

P2, P3 represent the voltage between the two ends of the choke of the first layer, respectively (2V _L1 = 2L ₁ x di ₁ / dt).

P4 represents the clamping voltage V _c2 of the second layer and i ₂ ′ is the surge current flowing through the MOV.

P5, P6 represent the voltage between the two ends of the choke of the second layer, respectively (2V _L2 = 2L ₂ x di ₂ / dt).

P7 represents the clamping voltage (V _cn ) of the nth layer, i _n 'is the surge current flowing through the MOV.

P8 and P9 represent the voltage between the two ends of the choke of the nth layer, respectively (2V _Ln = 2L _n x di _n / dt).

P10 represents the residual surge voltage between the two ends of the plant to be protected.

V _C1 = 2 V _L1 + V _C2

V _C2 = 2 V _L2 + V _C3

                 :

                 :

V _Cn = 2V _Ln + V _{Cn + 1}

And

V _L1 = (L x di ₁ / dt) = (1/2) ¹ x (L x di / dt)

V _L2 = (L x di ₂ / dt) = (1/2) ² x (L x di / dt)

          :

          :

V _Ln = (L x di _n / dt) = (1/2) ⁿ x (L x di / dt)

Accordingly, the mathematical representation of the clamping voltage V _C1 of the MOV of the first layer is as follows:

V _C1 = 2V _L1 + 2V _L2 + ----- + 2V _Ln + V _{Cn + 1}

V _C1 = 2 (V _L1 + V _L2 + ----- + V _Ln ) + V _{Cn + 1}

_{V Cn + 1 = V C1 -} 2 (V L1 + V L2 + ---- + V Ln)

_{V Cn + 1 = V C1 -} 2 (L x di 1 / dt + L x di 2 / dt + ----- + L x di n / dt)

V _{Cn + 1} = V _C1 -2 [(1/2) x (L x di / dt + (1/2) ² x L x di / dt +-+ (1/2) ⁿ x L x di / dt) ]

V _{Cn + 1} = V _C1 -2L x di / dt [(1/2) + (1/2) ² + --- + (1/2) ⁿ ]

V _{Cn + 1} = V _C1 -2L x di / dt [2- (1/2) ⁿ ]

As a result, you get:

[Equation 1]

V _{Cn + 1}  = V _C1  -[4- (1/2) ^n-1  (L x di / dt)

is when n = _{∞, V Cn + 1 = V C1} -4 (L x di / dt); n = 1 _{when, V Cn + 1 = V C1} -3 (L x di / dt) and. The clamping voltage (V _C1 ) of the first layer and the clamping voltage (V _{Cn + 1} ) of the nth layer (ie, the residual surge voltage between the two ends of the protective installation) are equal to V _C1-3 (L x di / dt). It lies between V _C1 -4 (L x di / dt).

From Equation (1), the inductance L and the surge discharge current form a negative relationship. The residual surge voltage between the two ends of the protected equipment is lowered as the surge current increases. Thus, this method can further suppress the surge voltage than the conventional method.

Energy (E _absorb) to be absorbed even when hayeoteul surge current penetrates from 7 may be in accordance with the method expressed mathematically as:

E _absorb =

(i ₁ ') ² R +2 (1/2) L (i ₁ ) ² + (i ₂ ') ² R +2 (1/2) L (i ₂ ) ² + --- + (i _n ' ) ² R +2 (1/2) L (i _n ) ²

= R x [(i ₁ ') ² R + (i ₂ ') ² + --- (i _n ' ² ] + L [(i ₁ ) ² + (i ₂ ) ² + ---- + (i _n ) ² ].

i = i ₁ '+ i ₁ (i ₁ ' = i ₁ ), i ₁ '= i ₂ + i ₂ ' (i ₂ '= i ₂ ), -----

E _absorb = R x (i ₁ ') ² +1/2 (i ₁ ') ² + (1/2) ² (i ₁ ') ² + --- + (1/2) ⁿ (i ₁ ') ² ] + 2 x (1/2) L [(i ₁ ) ² +1/2 (i ₁ ) ² + (1/2) ² (i ₁ ) ² + --- + (1/2) ⁿ ( i ₁ ) ² ]

= (R + L) [(i ₁ ') ² +1/2 (i ₁ ') ² + (1/2) ² (i ₁ ') ² + --- + (1/2) ⁿ (i' ) ² ]

= (R + L) [(i ₁ ) ² +1/2 (i ₁ ) ² + (1/2) ² (i ₁ ) ² + --- + (1/2) ⁿ (i ₁ ) ² ]

= (R + L) (i ₁ ') ² + x [1 + 1/2 + (1/2) ² + --- + (1/2) ⁿ ].

The following results are finally obtained:

[Equation 2]

E _absorb = (R + L) (i _One ) ²  (2- (1/2) ⁿ  ]

when n = 1, E _absorb = 1.5 (R + L) (i ₁ ) ² ; When n = ∞, E _absorb = 2 (R + L) (i ₁ ) ² . According to the method of the present invention, the energy absorbed when the surge intrudes is 1.5 (R + L) (i ₁ ) ² and 2 (R + L) (i ₁ ) lies between ²

Thus, the following results are obtained.

Residual energy of protected equipment =

Total Surge Energy-Absorbed Penetration Energy

[Equation 3]

E _remnant  = E _totalsurge  -E _absorb

The surge suppression effect generated from the series surge suppression structure of the present invention can be clearly derived from the above equations (1), (2) and (3) to know the residual surge voltage between the two ends of the protective installation. As can be seen, the residual energy of the protected equipment will be clearly seen, thereby improving the disadvantages of the conventional process.

In addition, since FIG. 7 shows the most basic circuit according to the present invention, FIG. 2 shows an alternative application of the circuit shown in FIG. 7 with a ground line added, and FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively show FIG. 2. It further shows the broad derivative application of the circuit shown in the above, in which both the manner of operation and the theory are the same.

Accordingly, it is possible to tailor the order through reverse application and deduction of equations (1), (2) and (3); How many layers of choke (2) and specifications and values of the inductance (L) of each choke are needed to produce the product to meet the actual needs? The various power voltages (including AC and DC) and the load current of the communication or electrical installation This can be seen through a simple transformation according to the load current requirement.

Additional advantages and improvements will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the broader scope of the present inventions shall not be limited to the representative embodiments and specific details described and illustrated above. Therefore, various modifications may be made within the scope or spirit of the general concept of the present invention as defined by the utility model registration claims and their equivalents.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing a surge suppression structure according to the present invention.

2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a circuit of a surge suppression structure according to the present invention.

3 is a perspective view showing a second type of member alignment on a circuit board according to the present invention.

4 is a perspective view showing a third type of member alignment on a circuit board according to the present invention.

5 is a perspective view schematically showing a module constituted by a surge suppression structure according to the present invention.

6 is a circuit diagram illustrating an extension application circuit of a three-phase delta connected module according to the present invention.

7 is a circuit diagram showing a basic circuit of the surge suppression structure according to the present invention.

Claims (12)

As a series surge suppression structure: A circuit board, wherein a ground line and a plurality of direct current application circuits are disposed on the circuit board, and a multilayer surge absorption unit is disposed in series with the ground line and a plurality of direct current application circuits, and each of the direct current application circuits is Formed by connecting a plurality of chokes on the direct current application circuit together in series, each surge absorption unit being composed of a parallel pair of choke and layered surge suppression members connected between the ground line and one end of the choke. Circuit board; A power connection terminal, the power connection terminal being located at one side of the circuit board and electrically connected to a final end of the multilayer surge absorption unit; And A protective terminal, the protective terminal being located on the other side of the circuit board and electrically connected to the last end of the other side of the multilayer surge absorption unit; Thus, the protective terminal is used for connection with a communication circuit or electrical equipment and the power connection terminal is used for connection with an external wire to form a multilayer surge absorption protection by series connection. The method of claim 1, And the surge suppression member may have a Y-type arrangement in the same layer. The method of claim 1, And the surge suppression member may have a delta type arrangement in the same layer. The method of claim 1, Wherein the chokes are disposed at a distance on an intermediate portion of the circuit board, and the surge suppression members are each disposed at a distance on two sides of the circuit board. The method of claim 1, Wherein the surge suppression members are disposed at a distance on an intermediate portion of the circuit board, and the chokes are each disposed at a distance on two sides of the circuit board. The method of claim 1, Wherein the surge suppression members and the chokes are disposed at a distance on the circuit board in an alternating order. The method of claim 1, The structure is set in such a way that the structure can be modularized according to standard specifications, so as to provide various power specifications of the installation using selection and assembly. As a series surge suppression structure: A plurality of modules arranged in parallel; Each module is constituted by a circuit board having a ground line and a plurality of direct current application circuits disposed thereon, and a multi-layer surge absorption unit is disposed in series with the ground line and the plurality of direct current application circuits. The direct current application circuit is formed by connecting a plurality of chokes on the direct current application circuit together in series, and each surge absorption unit is formed of a layered surge suppression member and a choke connected between the ground line and one end of the choke. Consists of parallel pairs; One side of each module is disposed with a power connection terminal, the other side of the module is disposed with a protection terminal, and the power connection terminal is disposed at one side of the circuit board and is disposed at a final end of the multilayer surge absorption unit. Electrically connected, the protective terminal being disposed on the other side of the circuit board and electrically connected to the last end of the other side of the multilayer surge absorption unit; Accordingly, the protective terminals of the plurality of modules are connected together and connected to a communication circuit or electrical installation, and the power connection terminals are connected together and connected to an external wire to connect three-phase series-connected multilayer surge absorption protection. Providing a series surge suppression structure. The method of claim 8, And the protective terminals and the power connection terminals are connected together to form a Y-type arrangement. The method of claim 8, And the three modules are disposed on the structure, and the protective terminals and the power connection terminals are connected together to form a delta type arrangement. The method according to claim 1 or 8, In order to allow about 50% of the surge current to flow into the surge suppression member in the respective layers and to allow the remaining 50% of the surge current to flow into the chokes, the surge in each layer And the specifications of the choke and the surge suppression member disposed on the absorption unit are set to be the same. The method of claim 11, The surge suction units are set to n layers and have the following equations (1), (2) and (3): In equation (1), the residual surge voltage in the nth layer is V _{Cn + 1} = V _C1- [4- (1/2) ^n-1 ] (L x di / dt); In Equation (2), if there is an nth layer, the energy _absorbed while invading by the surge is E _absorb = (R + L) (i ₁ ) ² [2- (1/2) ⁿ ]; In Equation (3), the residual energy of the equipment to be protected = total surge energy-absorbed intrusion energy (E _remnant = E _{total surge} -E _absorb ); Accordingly, the 1 to n layers of chokes, and the specifications and values of their inductances, are set correspondingly to the order so that the product can be manufactured to actual needs. V _{Cn + 1} = V _C1- [4- (1/2) ^n-1 ] (L x di / dt) E _absorb = (R + L) (i ₁ ) ² [2- (1/2) ⁿ ] E _remnant = E _totalsurge -E _absorb

Images