KR20080090206A - Target-free structure of the system measuring three-dimensional coordinate - Google Patents

Abstract

A target-free structure of a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system is provided to prevent loss of light wave by coating white paint of 0.01 to 0.02mm on a measurement target point. A target-free structure of a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system comprises a target groove(3) formed by punching a target point on the surface of an object(2) to be measured. The three-dimensional coordinate measurement system measures a three-dimensional coordinate of the target point from measurement angle and distance after an optical axis of an electronic distance meter is adjusted to the target point by using the electronic distance meter for measuring a lineal distance to the target point and using an angle measurer for measuring a tilt angle of the optical axis of the electronic distance meter. White paint is selectively coated on the inside or/and the periphery of the target groove.

Description

Target-free structure of the system measuring three-dimensional coordinate}

1 is a schematic overall process diagram of the shipbuilding method by the block method.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the optical wave deviates when the reflection target is installed at the target point and the coordinates are measured using the optical wave range-type angle goniometer.

3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of measuring the surface coordinates of the measurement target object subjected to the target structure of the present invention using an angle goniometer.

4 is an enlarged perspective view of the target structure of the present invention;

5A to 5C are enlarged cross-sectional views of target grooves showing a state in which white paint is applied to the inside of the target groove or the groove and the groove and the periphery of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

1: goniometer

2: Object to be measured

3: target home

4: white paint

The present invention relates to a targetless structure of a three-dimensional coordinate measuring system, and more particularly, three-dimensional coordinates used for measuring three-dimensional coordinates of large structures, such as ships, bridges, civil engineering, construction, and constituent members thereof In the measurement system, instead of the reflective targets installed at the measurement points of the various blocks, targets are directly formed in the grooves of the plant or the joints of the blocks, and in the grooves or around the grooves and the grooves, respectively. Optionally paint white paint to prevent the escape and absorption of light waves at the measuring point, while reducing the cost and labor cost of using a separate reflective target, and occur when a person directly installs the reflective target at the height Invented to prevent possible accidents in advance.

In general, in order to measure the three-dimensional shape of large structures such as ships, bridges, civil engineering, construction, etc., a two-dimensional measuring device using a transit, a tape measure, a weight, or the like is mainly used.

On the other hand, triangulation, which has developed in the field of surveying, distance measurement using an optical wave range meter, and measurement by a three-dimensional measuring device using an instrument by an angle measurement method have been recently performed.

As an example, a three-dimensional coordinate measuring system capable of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of an arbitrary point on a measurement object (measurement object) with one measuring instrument is commercially available from Sokia Co., Ltd. under the trade name "MONMOS". .

After measuring two arbitrary points in advance and setting a three-dimensional coordinate system, the system collimates the reflection targets (including the target points) installed at each measurement point to measure horizontal angle, vertical angle, and distance. By measuring three elements at the same time and analyzing and calculating coordinate transformations to obtain three-dimensional coordinates, high accuracy of ± 1 mm or less can be obtained at a distance of 100 m.

Here, the reflecting target is a member having a reflecting surface having a certain size, and the target point, which is a measuring point, is a measuring point for three-dimensional coordinate measurement provided on the reflecting surface.

In addition, since the reflection target has a certain thickness, in order to obtain the exact three-dimensional coordinates of the surface of the measurement object, a predetermined calculation may be performed based on the measured value and the reflection target size and shape.

However, in the conventional measurement system including the above "MONMOS", it is necessary to visually focus the telescope in the collimation work, or to center the center of the reflecting target (target point) and the crosshair center of the telescope. As a result, the work is complicated, time required for collimation work, and human error of the measurement is likely to be involved.

In other words, man-made work has become a factor that leads to a decrease in efficiency and a decrease in measurement accuracy.

Here, the collimation work refers to an operation of aligning an optical axis of a rangefinder with respect to a measuring point emitted in a field of view of an enlarged display means such as a telescope or a photographing screen.

In order to solve this drawback, the product name "TCA1100" of Leica Geosystem Co., Ltd. and the brand name "CYBER MONMOS" of Sokia Co., Ltd. which have the function of automating the visual collimation work are marketed.

They are provided with photographing means such as a CCD camera on the same axis as the optical axis of the optical wave range meter, and detect the center position of the reflecting target from the image captured by the photographing means, and measure the amount of deviation from the center position of the photographing means and the center position of the reflecting target. When it calculates and does not match, it drives by the motor by the quantity corresponding to the amount out of side angle, and makes it match.

This type of system executes automatic collimation (automatic micro collimation) within a relatively narrow field of view with imaging means, and can be said to be equipped with micro automatic collimation means.

Further, in this type of system, after initializing the position of the reflection target and the conditions of the measurement order, the reflection target captured by the imaging means is extracted by the image processing apparatus, and the center of the reflection target and the optical axis of the imaging means are aligned. The measurement is performed by driving the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the photographing means with a servomotor so as to auto-collect with the micro.

In addition, in order to perform auto-collimation, since it is necessary to put a reflection target into the visual field of a photographing means, it is difficult to auto-collimate all the several measuring points (target point) over a wide range by a micro collimation means.

Therefore, in this system, if the coordinates of the position of the reflecting target are already known, the operator directly inputs the coordinates of the position of the reflecting target from the measuring instrument based on the design data, and if it is unknown, photographing by manual or controller. It is necessary to repeatedly teach to move the means toward the reflective target within the field of view of the imaging means.

In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-136218 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-14921, an analysis computer converts the position of a reflection target into coordinates from a measuring instrument based on a design dimension or a three-dimensional design coordinate of a measurement object. A method of determining the collimation direction and performing automatic measurement has been proposed.

However, this kind of method had the following problem.

In other words, when the three-dimensional coordinates of the reflection target are unknown, it is necessary to repeatedly teach to enter the monitor screen toward the CCD camera at each measurement point, and the advantages of automation cannot be expected with complicated manual operations.

In addition, even when the three-dimensional coordinates are already known from the design dimensions or the three-dimensional coordinates, even if the coordinate matching between the design coordinate system and the measurement coordinate system is performed by, for example, an analysis computer, at least two points in the initial setting are used. The reflection target needs to be measured, which is laborious.

Moreover, when used for positioning of members, such as an assembling process, the position of the measuring point is often out of the field of view of the photographing means with respect to the design dimension, and even if the reflecting target position is calculated from the design value, the reflecting target is located within the collimation field of view. No measurement time is required because the reflection target is searched out of the field of view.

Since the performance of the conventional three-dimensional coordinate measuring method is such, it is difficult to use this method directly in an assembly process, for example, a shipbuilding assembly process.

In the recent shipbuilding method, the block method is the mainstream.

As shown in Fig. 1, in this shipbuilding method, processing such as cutting and heating bending is first performed on a steel sheet (processing step).

In addition, by welding the machined steel sheet to produce a small and medium block (called small assembly, medium assembly, pre-assembly or small and medium block manufacturing process).

Small and medium blocks are also combined and welded into large blocks (also called three-dimensional blocks) (called large assembly or large block manufacturing processes).

The large blocks are assembled in a dock (called an assembly process in the dock) and become the final hull.

In the above-mentioned shipbuilding method, if the assembly precision of the small or medium block or the large block is poor, it is necessary to correct it in the next step.

The term “correction” here means that when the shape between the blocks to be combined does not match, the steel sheet or member welded from one or both of the blocks is partially removed by gas cutting, so that the shape between the two blocks is properly aligned. After correcting, it means to reattach the removed part of the steel sheet or member.

In the shipbuilding process, installation and welding of steel sheets and blocks occupy a large airborne ratio, and therefore, how to increase their work efficiency is the key to improving productivity.

By the way, since the shape precision of the block is only a few tens of mm in the present technology, many of the above corrections occur, and these become bottlenecks for improving work efficiency.

In particular, since the poor precision of the block accumulates as the process is repeated, if correction occurs in the final assembly process in the dock, the correction operation takes several times as compared to the process up to that time, and has severely affected the productivity. In this way, the improvement of the precision control level of the block shape in the small and medium block manufacturing process and the large block manufacturing process is a point of the productivity improvement in the shipbuilding process, and the correction of the shape of the block from several tens of millimeters to several millimeters is included. It is estimated that installation and welding labor can be saved by several ten percent as a whole.

On the other hand, in order to improve the block shape accuracy, there have been attempts to measure the shape in the assembling process, but in the conventional three-dimensional coordinate measuring method, the measurement takes too much time and excessive measurement load is generated. It does not escape the realm and does not hold as a public method.

On the other hand, the conventional three-dimensional coordinate measuring system as described above, the conventional optical wave distance meter for measuring the linear distance to the target point to measure the coordinates on the surface of the measurement object; An optical axis drive mechanism that mounts the optical wave rangefinder and varies an optical axis of the optical wave rangefinder by rotating about two different axes; The optical axis angle meter for measuring the optical axis angle of the optical wave range meter and the optical axis of the optical wave range meter are connected to a target point within a predetermined field of view with respect to one target point on the surface of the measurement object using the optical axis drive mechanism. Micro-auto-collimating mechanism to align; An imaging device for observing a plurality of targets on the entire surface of the measurement object; Macro position recognition means for processing an image obtained by the photographing machine to recognize a plurality of target points on the surface of the object to be measured, and to calculate rough three-dimensional coordinates thereof; A macro auto-collimating mechanism for roughly aligning an optical axis of the optical wave range meter such that one point of the target point recognized by the macro position detecting means falls within the predetermined field of view of the micro auto-collimating mechanism; Collimation control means for matching the optical axis of the optical wave range meter approximately aligned within the predetermined field of view with respect to any one target point on the measurement target object by the macro auto-collimating mechanism; ; And coordinate calculation means for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the target point based on the measurement result of the optical wave range finder and the optical axis angle measuring system with respect to the target point fitted with the collimation control means.

However, in the conventional three-dimensional coordinate measuring system having such a configuration, when measuring the distance and the degree of the block by using the reflecting target and the optical wave rangefinder, the measurement area is 30 degrees or more, or where dark paint or rust is light waves. 2 does not come back as it is absorbed or deviated as shown in FIG. 2, so the expensive reflection target must be attached to the measurement point one by one, so the overall cost (reflection target value and labor cost) required for measuring coordinates in three dimensions is increased. Not only that, but a lot of safety accidents are caused by carelessness when the reflective target itself is installed in person at the height.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such a conventional problem, and is a three-dimensional coordinate measuring system used for measuring three-dimensional coordinates of large structures such as ships, bridges, civil engineering, construction, and constituent members thereof. Therefore, instead of the reflective targets installed at the measuring points of the various blocks, the targets are directly formed in the grooves of the plant or the joints of the blocks, and selectively in or around the grooves and the periphery of the target grooves, respectively. By forming a target by painting with white paint, the light waves are reflected by the target without the shape of the grooves, which prevents the deviation and absorption of the light waves at the measurement point, greatly improving the reliability of the three-dimensional coordinate measurement. By not using a separate reflection target, the cost and labor cost of 3D coordinate measurement can be greatly reduced. In addition, since a person does not need to install a reflective target directly at the height of the object, the object of the present invention is to provide a targetless structure of a 3D coordinate measuring system that can prevent the occurrence of a safety accident in advance.

The targetless structure of the present invention for achieving the above object is an optical wavemeter for measuring the linear distance to the target point to measure the coordinates on the surface of the measurement object and a goniometer for measuring the inclination angle of the optical axis of the optical wavemeter In the three-dimensional coordinate measurement system for measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the target point from the measurement distance and the measurement angle after the optical axis of the optical wave rangefinder to the target point on the surface of the measurement object, using

The target groove is formed by punching a portion where the target point is located on the surface of the measurement object.

At this time, the target groove is characterized in that the diameter is formed within 2-4mm and depth is within 1-2mm.

In addition, the white paint is selectively applied to the inside of the target groove or the periphery of the groove and the periphery and the periphery of the groove, respectively, characterized in that the white paint is applied within 0.01-0.02mm.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of measuring the surface coordinates of the measurement target object subjected to the target structure of the present invention using an angle goniometer, FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the target structure of the present invention, and FIG. 5A to 5C are enlarged cross-sectional views of target groove portions showing a state in which white paint is applied to the inside of the target groove or the groove and the groove and the periphery of the present invention.

According to the present invention, the target-free structure of the present invention includes an optical wave range meter for measuring a linear distance to a target point for measuring coordinates on the surface of the measurement object 2 and a goniometer (1) for measuring the inclination angle of the optical axis of the optical wave range meter (1). In the three-dimensional coordinate measuring system for measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the target point from the measurement distance and the measurement angle after the optical axis of the optical wave rangefinder to the target point on the surface of the measurement target object using

The target groove 3 is formed by punching a portion where the target point is located on the surface of the measurement object 2.

At this time, the target groove 3 is characterized in that the diameter is formed within 2-4mm, depth is within 1-2mm.

In addition, the white paint 4 is selectively applied to the inside of the target groove 3, the periphery of the groove, or the inside and the periphery of the groove, respectively.

In addition, the white paint (4) is characterized in that it is applied to a thickness within 0.01-0.02mm.

Referring to the operation and effect of the present invention structured target structure as described above are as follows.

First, the present invention does not attach and form a target itself, which is installed when a distance and an angle with a target point of the measurement target object 2 is measured using a known three-dimensional coordinate measurement system, and is not attached thereto. The main technical component is to directly form the target groove 3 through punching in the area where the target point is located on the surface itself of the measurement object 2 when the measurement object 2 is manufactured in small and medium blocks. .

In this case, if the target groove 3 is formed too large, the quality of the product can be maintained only after being spun through subsequent processing, and if the target groove 3 is formed too small, it is difficult to find the target itself. Therefore, the target groove 3 must be formed to have an appropriate diameter and depth.

Since the measurement target object 2 to implement the target structure of the present invention corresponds to a large structure such as a ship, a bridge, civil engineering, construction, etc., the diameter of the target groove 3 is formed within 2-4 mm. , Depth was formed within 1-2mm.

At this time, if the object to be measured 2 to form the target groove 3 is a common flange can be confirmed with the naked eye, in order to prevent the deterioration of product quality, the diameter is formed within 2-3mm, the depth is 1mm It is preferable to form within.

However, in the case where the position of the measurement target object 2 to form the target groove 3 is a welded joint that is a block joint part, the quality of the product is not affected in a position that is hard to see with the naked eye. The diameter may be formed within 3-4mm, and the depth may be formed within 2mm in order to increase the discriminating power.

On the other hand, as described above, even if only the target groove 3 having a predetermined diameter and depth is formed at the position of the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object 2 as described above, the measurement area is within 30 degrees or brightly painted. If it is painted and not rusted, it is possible to visually check and align the target groove 3 on the surface of the measurement object 2 by using the goniometer 1 of the three-dimensional coordinate measuring system. Since the light waves irradiated from the optical wave range meter of the goniometer 1 are reflected by the target grooves 3 without being separated as shown in FIG. 3, the light waves ranged from the optical wave rangefinder 1 to the specific target grooves 3 formed on the surface of the measurement target object 2 are accurate. You can measure distances and angles.

However, in the state where the target groove 3 having the predetermined diameter and depth is formed at the position of the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object 2 as described above, the measurement portion is 30 degrees or more or dark colored paint. If is painted or rust is on the part, even if the target groove 3 is formed at the corresponding position, the target groove 3 on the surface of the measurement object 2 is visually checked and the three-dimensional coordinate is The optical rangefinder optical axis of the measurement system cannot be matched thereto.

Therefore, the white paint 4 is applied to the inside of the target groove 3 as shown in FIG. 5A, or the inside and the periphery of the target groove 3 as shown in FIG. 5B or as shown in FIG. 5C. It is preferable to apply the white paint 4 selectively to it.

That is, in the present invention, the interior of the target groove 3 (see FIG. 5A), the periphery of the target groove 3 (see FIG. 5B), or the interior and the periphery of the target groove 3 (see FIG. 5C) as necessary. By selectively applying a white paint (4) to the target groove (3) formed at the position of the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object (2) over 30 degrees or with dark paint or Even if the area is rusted, the measurer can visually confirm the position of the target groove 3 through the naked eye and adjust the optical axis of the optical rangefinder of the 3D coordinate measuring system. It is precisely reflected by the specific target groove 3 formed on the surface of the measurement target object 2 because it is accurately reflected by the white paint 4 painted inside and around the target groove including the shape. And it can measure angles and so on.

At this time, when the white paint 4 applied to any one or both of the inside and the surroundings of the target groove 3 is thickly applied, the target groove 3 itself is blocked and the light wave emitted from the light wave rangefinder is applied to the target groove. There is a fear that the inner surface of (3) cannot be reflected and detached.

Therefore, in the present invention, the thickness of the white paint 4 is applied within 0.01-0.02mm so that the diameter and depth of the target groove 3 can be maintained almost regardless of whether the white paint 4 is applied. By doing so, it is possible to prevent loss of light waves due to the target groove 3 being blocked by the white paint 4.

Although the above-described embodiments have been described with respect to the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the above embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

As described above, according to the targetless structure of the present invention, various blocks in the three-dimensional coordinate measuring system used for measuring three-dimensional coordinates of large structures such as ships, bridges, civil engineering, construction, and constituent members thereof. Instead of the reflection target installed at the measurement point of the measurement object including a target to form a target directly in the form of a groove in the joint of the plant or the measurement object of the measurement object, the inner or peripheral and groove of the target groove By selectively applying white paint on and around each of them, the light waves emitted from the wave rangefinder are reflected by a target without the shape of the target groove, thereby preventing the deviation and absorption of the light waves at the measurement point. Can be greatly improved, and by using a separate reflection target, It can significantly reduce labor costs, and very useful inventions because people do not have to manually install the reflective targets to directly sue areas, such as to prevent the occurrence of accidents resulting from occurring.

Claims (4)

The optical axis of the optical wave rangefinder is measured on the surface of the measurement object using a wave rangefinder for measuring a linear distance to a target point to measure coordinates on the surface of the object to be measured and a goniometer for measuring an inclination angle of the optical axis of the optical wave rangefinder. In the three-dimensional coordinate measurement system for measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the target point from the measurement distance and the measurement angle after matching the target point of, The targetless structure of the three-dimensional coordinate measuring system, characterized in that the target groove is formed by punching the site where the target point is located on the surface of the measurement object. The method according to claim 1, The target groove is a targetless structure of the three-dimensional coordinate measuring system, characterized in that the diameter is formed within 2-4mm and depth is within 1-2mm. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The targetless structure of the three-dimensional coordinate measuring system, characterized in that the white paint is selectively applied to any one of the interior or periphery of the target groove or the interior and the periphery. The method according to claim 3, The white paint is a targetless structure of a three-dimensional coordinate measuring system, characterized in that applied within 0.01-0.02mm.

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