KR20080075451A - Method and device for producing spliceable fibers, and use of the fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for manufacturing the fiber having the adhesion function and the use of the fiber are provided to guide the flow of the melting materials including the incompatible two or more polymer components. An adhesion-possible fiber(1) has at least one polymer component. The ingredients of the polymers(A,B) have the weight % of below 20 wt %, preferably, below 10 wt%, specifically or preferably below 5 wt% and very preferably 3-5 wt%. Individual polymer components are constructed by the clearly separated segments(8,10) and the same size. The adhesion-possible fiber is used to the non-woven cloth, filter, clothes, products ornamented by tuft, carpet carrier. A distribution hole is formed to the front of at least one spin capillary tube. The horizontal cross-section of the distribution hole is controlled by the volumetric flow of the polymerized components. The distribution hole has a circular shape, a slot shape, a star shape and a triangular shape.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SPLICEABLE FIBERS, AND USE OF THE FIBERS

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing joinable fibers by a melt spinning process carried out using two or more polymer components that are incompatible with each other, and the joinable fibers produced according to the method. And to the use of such fibers.

Documents EP 0 413 688, US 5,562,930 and FR 2 647 815 disclose a method for producing joinable fibers by a melt spinning process carried out using two or more polymer components that are incompatible with each other (incompatible) and Devices are known. In the case of the documents, the individual polymer melt flows are guided inside the spinning head by a distributor plate, so that the yarns exiting from the spinning head-when viewed on a cross section of the yarn-are each arranged in alternating number of units of the individual polymer. Made of threads.

In particular, the use of polyamide 6.6 as one of the polymers used above is associated with a high cost for starting or initial or parent material. The starting materials also make drying of the raw materials necessary, cause electrostatic charging during the spinning process, and tend to sulfide under the reaction of light and heat.

As such, it is necessary to severely reduce the mass parts of the polymer components contained in the joinable fibers, in particular the mass parts of the polyamide components.

However, by the above known method, the mutual weight ratio of the polymer components used can vary mainly in the ratio range of 30:70 to 70:30, because otherwise the separated polymer fragments can no longer be obtained. This makes the process of joining inside the microfibers difficult or even impossible.

Document DE 101 15 185 A1 describes a method for producing joinable fibers consisting of incompatible or incompatible polymer components (A and B), by which the polymer components (A and B) are melted. Inserted into the spinning head, divided into unit thread groups, each second unit fiber at least partially surrounded by one polymer component (B), and fixed by joinable fibers in the spinning nozzle Following stretching, the proportion of polymer component (B) is reduced to 5-25 weight-%. Therefore, the polymer component (B), which is a component with less weight parts, is left as a boundary layer or thin film to be separated later.

The process of separating a polymer melt stream consisting of a lower weight component (minor component) and a higher weight component (major component) into a plurality of individual streams, i. Just above the capillary.

In the case of the conventional spinning nozzle packet, if the ratio of the two components is significantly different from each other, the major components continue to reflux other components (minor components) inside the nozzles in a mostly molten state to form a closed envelope. Have a tendency.

By refluxing one of the components or merging of the components together, the tendency for bonding of incompatible or incompatible polymers to one another is severely reduced. In extreme cases, such phenomena prevent the fibers of polymers that are inherently unharmonious from joining by mechanical methods, in particular water-jet methods. In such a case, it is preferable to remove the component which functions to reflux with a solvent.

The first object of the present invention is to guide the melt flow of two or more polymer components which are incompatible with each other (incompatible) during the melt spinning process, so that the reflux of the individual polymer flows differs, especially when the weight parts of the polymer components are very different. It is to provide a method and apparatus for producing bondable fibers using a melt spinning process, which can be impeded by one polymer stream or by the merging of various polymer streams.

The second object of the present invention is to guide the melt flow of two or more polymer components which are not harmonized with each other during the melt spinning process, so that the reflux of the individual polymer flows is different, especially when the weight parts of the polymer components are very different. It is to provide an apparatus for producing a joinable fiber, configured to be prevented by or by the joining of various polymer flows.

The first task is solved by the features of claim 1 and the second task is solved by the features of claim 15.

The problem associated with a method for producing a joinable fiber by a melt spinning process carried out using two or more polymer components that are not harmonized with each other is that according to the invention, a distributor hole is formed in front of at least one spinning capillary. The cross section of said at least one distributor hole assigned to each one polymer component is solved by adjusting according to the volume flow of said respective polymer component.

Fibers in the present invention are staple fibers (short fibers), endless continuous fibers or filaments. Fibers spun with yarn are also included in the fibers according to the invention. Such fibers can likewise be incorporated into nonwovens, in particular bonded nonwovens, ie fiber adhesives.

The dependent claims are preferred refinements of the subject matter according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the cross section of the distributor hole assigned to each one of the polymer components is controlled with a variation in the flow rate of all the relevant polymer components in the same range of 0 to 20% or less, preferably 10% or less. do.

In order to reach the above object, the ratio of the cross-sectional sum of the distributor holes assigned to each polymer component to the cross-sectional sum of the distributor holes assigned to the other polymer components is based on the volume flow rate between the polymer components used. Relative to a variation of 0 to 20% or less, preferably 10% or less. In this case, the volume flow ratio is preferably not 1.

Such measures are such that the flow rates of all relevant polymer flows are adjusted to be at least about the same, so that in the end the weight ratio of the two polymer components, which are not harmonized with each other, is preferably selected for such a method. Even in the case of three, clearly separated segments are formed, which can be particularly well bonded even in a mechanical manner, in particular in a water-jet manner.

By reducing the minimum weight of one component, in particular a relatively expensive polymer such as, for example, polyamide 6.6, up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 15, 10 or 5% by weight or 3% by weight, the starting material and The cost for the final product consisting of multicomponent fibers can be reduced. In addition, undesired properties of one component, such as sulfidation, can also be reduced by simply injecting a minimum weight part of the component. Significantly reducing the polymer proportions and / or explicitly dividing the polymer component into multiple fibers can also improve recycling capabilities.

If the proportion of minor components is very low, it may be limited to the dyeing of the major components when the nonwoven fabric is subsequently colored.

The method is also designed for uniform melt distribution of the polymer in the preferred embodiment, in which case the viscosity ratio of the polymer components is from 1: 1 to 10: 1, preferably from 1: 1 to 7: 1 and particularly preferred Preferably 1: 1 to 4: 1.

The method is also suitable for producing various cross-sectional shapes of multicomponent fibers.

For the distributor hole, preferably a circle, arc shape, slot shape, star shape and / or angled shape, in particular a triangular or square cross-sectional shape is used. The distributor holes are preferably arranged in a circle, in particular for producing hollow fibers. Star-shaped or lined distributor holes are also preferred.

The arrangement and cross-sectional shape of the distributor holes are preferably adapted to the arrangement and cross-sectional shape of the radiating capillary.

For optimal melt flow distribution, polymer components that are not harmonized with each other are preferably assigned to each distributor hole, alternating individually or alternately in a block manner, in which case one kind of polymer component is preferably of the same size Locks are assigned to each distributor hole.

To produce joinable multicomponent fibers, a thermoplastic polymer selected from polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) selected from polyolefins, polyethylene (PE) selected from polyactate and / or polyamide (PA) and / or polypropylene ( PP) is preferably used as the polymer component.

For two-component fibers a combination of polymer components that are incompatible with one another (incompatible) is preferred, preferably a combination of PET and PP, PET and PA6, PET and PA6.6 or PP and PE.

In particular, the lower weight parts of relatively expensive polymers, such as polyamide 6.6, can save costs.

In addition, the desired properties of the multicomponent fibers can also be precisely controlled by the addition of specific weight parts of the polymers used.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, as the polymer component with less weight parts, a polymer component with a lower melting temperature is preferably used.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the polymer component with less weight part is used as the adhesive component or the binding component. Such measures may affect the properties of the nonwoven material made from the polymer component, in particular in this case the degree of cure or softening of the nonwoven material can be controlled without bonding by water-jet.

The cross section of each distributor hole is preferably varied by part replacement and / or by part addition.

The present invention also relates to joinable fibers produced by the process described above.

Particularly preferred are joinable fibers which are prepared by the process described above and which comprise at least two polymer components which are not compatible with each other, in which case the minimum weight of one polymer component is at most 20% by weight, preferably 10% by weight Hereinafter, particularly preferably up to 5% by weight, very preferably up to 3% by weight, in which case the individual polymer components consist of clearly separated segments, preferably for each one type of polymer component It consists of segments having the same cross-sectional shape. Thereby, particularly preferred PIE-fibers are produced.

Bondable fibers produced according to the above-mentioned methods are used for producing nonwoven materials, in particular filters, garments, hygiene- or cleaning products or tufted products, in particular rug carriers.

In the device for solving the second problem, the minimum weight part of one polymer component is in particular 20% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably 5% by weight or less and very preferably 3% by weight. Up to%

The device for solving the second problem comprises a distributor hole formed in front of the spinning capillary, in which case the cross section of at least one distributor hole assigned to each one polymer component is adjusted in response to the volume flow of the respective polymer component. have.

The proportion of the cross-sectional total of the distributor holes assigned to each one polymer component preferably corresponds at least almost with a deviation of 0-20% or less, preferably 10% or less with respect to the volume flow rate between the polymer components used.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the number of distributor holes assigned to each one polymer component and the size of the cross section of the distributor holes assigned to each one polymer component are adjusted in correspondence with the volume flow rate between the relevant polymer components. Thereby, the flow rates of all the polymer components involved are substantially the same with a deviation of 0-20% or less, preferably 10% or less.

The distributor holes have correspondingly circular, arc, slot, star and / or angled shapes, in particular triangular or square cross-sectional shapes, depending on the desired cross-sectional shape of the joinable fibers to be produced.

In order to produce hollow fibers or hollow filaments, the distributor holes are preferably arranged in a circle. Depending on the desired cross-sectional shape of the joinable fibers, star-shaped or lined distributor holes are also provided.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the distributor holes are assigned to each one polymer component individually alternating or alternately in a block manner, in which case the distributor holes for one kind of polymer component are particularly preferably the same. It is arranged in blocks of size.

The cross section of each one distributor hole can preferably be varied by part replacement and / or by part addition.

The subject matter of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to some embodiments without restricting the invention.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention in which a plurality of distributor holes formed in front of the spinning capillary are provided, which are reproduced in the figures and the arrangement of the known invention in which one distributor plate is provided for one spinning capillary, is described below. Dispenser holes according to the invention were provided for perfusing two discordant polymer components (A and B), each having a weight ratio of 20:80 to 3:97.

Bondable multi-component fibers are typically made by spinning two or more polymers of spinning capillary from one spinning nozzle. After spinning and cooling the fibers, the respective components can be separated from each other at the interface of the two polymer components.

1 shows a known circular distributor hole 6 arranged in a circle, having the same cross section for the perfusion of polymer components, eg polymer components A and B, which do not match each other, in which case the polymer component A And B are individually alternating and distributed on the distributor holes 6 according to the arrangement (AB) n, in which n is an integer equal to or greater than one.

Polymer component B flows apart and displaced because of its relatively higher self flow rate, resulting in enclosing polymer component A. The flow shape of such polymer component B (dashed arrow) and polymer component A (solid arrow) is schematically shown in FIG. 2.

Especially given the weight ratio of 20:80 to 3:97, with such a shape, the fibers composed of the polymer components A and B can no longer be joined in a mechanical manner, but ultimately only by solvent Can be joined. The conjugation by solvent is of course a disadvantage because the solvent must be removed again later and in some cases complicatedly recycled.

In order to enable mechanically splicing, in particular water-jet splicing, even in fibers with significantly different weight ratios, a melt spinning method or melt spinning apparatus 2 is provided, in which case formed before the spinning capillary 4. The distributor hole 6 is used and the arrangement and shape of the distributor hole is adjusted to suit the polymer components specially used.

In order to reach this object, the cross section of the distributor hole 6 assigned to each one polymer component is adapted to the volume flow between the relevant polymer components.

The flow rate of all of the polymer components involved is in terms of the number of distributor holes 6 assigned to each one of the polymer components and the cross-sectional size side of the distributor holes 6 assigned to each one of the polymer components. By corresponding adjustment at Such flow shapes are schematically illustrated in FIG. 3, for example in polymer component B (dashed arrow) and polymer component A (solid arrow).

In one preferred embodiment, the proportion of the cross-sectional total of the distributor holes 6 assigned to each one polymer component is adjusted with respect to the cross-sectional total of the distributor holes 6 assigned to the other polymer component, thereby providing 0-20%. In the following, preferably less than 10% of deviation, at least approximately corresponds to the volume flow rate between the relevant polymer components.

In the case where the volume flow ratios of the two polymer components A and B are 1: 4, for example, the distributor holes 6 of the same size, ie the cross-sections of the same size, alternately arranged in a block manner A BBBB A BBBB The distributor holes 6, arranged in the ratio ratio of 1: 4, are optimal for the uniform flow rates of the polymer components A and B through the corresponding distributor holes 6.

In the case of a distributor hole 6 having a circular cross-sectional shape and arranged in a circle, this type of shape is shown in FIG. 4. In this case too, the ratio of the sum of the cross-sectional cross sections of the distributor holes 6 assigned to the polymer components A (gray) and B (black) is 1: 4 depending on the volume flow ratio of the polymer components A and B. The polymer components A and B are then assigned to each one distributor hole 6 alternately, in particular in a block manner.

As an alternative to the distributor hole 6 having a circular cross-sectional shape, other structures are also conceivable, for example arcuate, slotted, star and / or angled cross-sectional shapes.

In the case of a circularly arranged distributor hole 6 having an angular cross-sectional shape for the distributor hole 6 assigned to the polymer components A (grey) and B (black), this type of shape is shown in FIG. 5. It is.

Alternatively, distributor holes 6 of different sizes may also be used when the volume flow ratios of the two polymer components A and B are 1: 4. In this case the number of distributor holes 6 assigned to polymer components A and B is the same, and the cross sectional size of the distributor holes 6 assigned to polymer component B is the cross sectional size of the distributor holes 6 assigned to polymer component A, respectively. Four times as much. The polymer components A and B are then assigned to each distributor hole 6, in particular individually alternating.

In the case of a distributor hole 6 having a circular cross-sectional shape and circular, this type of shape is shown in FIG. 6.

The plan view of one preferred embodiment of the distributor hole 6 in a circle, having a circular cross-sectional shape for the polymer component A and a cross-sectional shape combining a slotted cross-sectional shape and an arc-shaped cross-sectional shape for the polymer component B, 7 is shown.

Certain other embodiments of course have also been provided in which any volume flow ratios are formed, having distributor holes 6 formed in any cross-sectional shape and correspondingly sized and numbered in cross section.

8 shows an apparatus according to the invention for producing joinable fibers 1, consisting of two polymer components A and B which are not harmonized with each other, with a distributor hole 6 formed before the spin capillary 4. The side perspective view of 2) is shown. In this embodiment, the ratio of the sum total of the cross-sections of the distributor holes 6 assigned to the polymer component flows A (gray) and B (black) is 1: the volume flow ratio of the polymer components A (gray) and B (black) is 1: 3 is equivalent to 1: 3.

The distributor holes 6 shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 are optimal for uniform flow rates of polymer components A and B (see FIG. 3).

With such embodiments, the polymer components are perfused through the aforementioned distributor holes 6 at least at about the same flow rate, which is in turn made from such polymer components, preferably up to 20% by weight, preferably Multicomponent fibers 1 comprising one polymer component having a minimum weight part of 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably 5% by weight or less or 3% by weight, are clearly mutually separated, in particular cross-sectional size Have the same segments 8, 10, and the polymer components A (grey) and B (white) described above are shown by way of example in FIG. 9.

Such cross-sectional shapes are very well suited to joining even by mechanical methods such as water-jet methods.

Unlike the above embodiment, for example shown in FIG. 10 and made by known methods and known devices, the cross section of the fiber 12 having the polymer components A (gray) and B (white) described above is In particular with respect to polymer component B (white), there are no clearly separated segments.

1 is a plan view showing the known arrangement and shape of a distributor plate with a plurality of distributor holes for one radial capillary for perfusing polymer components A (grey) and B (black).

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the flow shape of the polymer components A (solid arrow) and B (dashed arrow) formed by a known method for producing the joinable fiber according to FIG. 1 or by a known apparatus.

3 is a schematic diagram showing the flow shapes of the aforementioned polymer components A (solid arrow) and B (dashed arrow) formed by the method according to the invention or by the device according to the invention for producing joinable fibers.

FIG. 4 has a circular cross-sectional shape and is provided in different numbers to permeate the aforementioned polymer components A (grey) and B (black), and each cross section of the same size to percolate the aforementioned polymer components A and B. And a plan view of one preferred embodiment of a circularly arranged distributor hole having cross sections of different sizes in total to permeate the polymer components A and B described above.

FIG. 5 has an angular cross-sectional shape and is provided in different numbers to permeate the aforementioned polymer components A (gray) and B (black), each having the same size cross section for perfusing the polymer components A and B described above. Is a plan view of one preferred embodiment of a circularly arranged distributor hole having cross sections of different sizes in total to permeate the polymer components A and B described above.

FIG. 6 has a circular cross-sectional shape and is provided in the same number to percolate the aforementioned polymer components A (grey) and B (black), individually and in total, for perfusing the polymer components A and B described above. Is a plan view of one preferred embodiment of the distributor holes arranged in a circle, with cross sections of different sizes.

FIG. 7 has a circular cross-sectional shape for perforating the polymer component A (grey) described above, and has a cross-sectional shape combining a slot shape and an arc shape for perforating the polymer component B (black) described above. Top view of one preferred embodiment of a circularly arranged distributor hole provided in the same number for perfusion of components A and B and having cross-sections of different sizes, individually as well as in total, for perfusing polymer components A and B described above. All.

8 is a side perspective view of an apparatus according to the invention for producing joinable fibers composed of two or more incompatible polymer components A (grey) and B (black), with a distributor hole formed before the spin capillary.

9 is a cross sectional view of a fiber having polymer components A (grey) and B (white) described above, produced by the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention.

10 is a cross sectional view of a fiber having polymer components A (grey) and B (white) described above, made by known methods and known devices.

Claims (21)

As a method for producing the joinable fibers (1) by a melt spinning process performed using two or more polymer components (A, B) that are not in harmony with each other, The distributor hole 6 is formed in front of the at least one radiation capillary 4, The cross section of at least one distributor hole 6 assigned to each one polymer component (A, B) is adjusted according to the volume flow of each polymer component (A, B), A method for making joinable fibers. The method of claim 1, By adjusting the cross section of the distributor holes 6 assigned to each one of the polymer components A and B, the ratio of the total cross section of the distributor holes 6 assigned to each of the one polymer components A and B is With a deviation of 0 to 20% or less, preferably 10% or less, the used polymer components (A, B) almost correspond to or equal to the volume flow rate between each other, wherein the volume flow rate is Not 1 A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to claim 1 or 2, As a minimum weight part of one polymer component (A, B), a weight of up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, particularly preferably up to 5% by weight, very preferably up to 3% by weight Additional uses, A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Dispenser holes 6 are used having a circle, arc, slot, star and / or angled shape, in particular a triangular or square cross-sectional shape, A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The distributor holes 6 are arranged in a circle, star shape and / or in line, A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, Polymer components (A, B), which are not harmonized with each other, are assigned to each of the distributor holes 6 in alternating or blockwise alternation, A method for making joinable fibers. The method of claim 6, One kind of polymer component (A, B) is assigned to each of the distributor holes 6 in blocks of the same size, A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, The polymer components (A, B) are selected from thermoplastic polymers, in particular from polyesters, from polyolefins, preferably from polyethylene and / or polypropylene, from polyactates and / or polyamides, A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, At least one polymer component (A, B) having a relatively lower weight part is used as the polymer component (A, B) having a relatively lower melting temperature, A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, At least one polymer component (A, B) having a relatively less weight part is used as an adhesive component or a bonding component to produce joinable fibers or filaments 1, A method for making joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, The cross section of each one distributor hole 6 is varied by part replacement and / or by part addition, A method for making joinable fibers. Bondable fibers (1) produced by the method according to any one of the preceding claims. As joinable fibers (1), in particular produced by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising at least two polymer components (A, B) which are not compatible with each other, At least one polymer component (A, B) has a weight part up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, particularly preferably up to 5% by weight, very preferably up to 3% by weight, The individual polymer components (A, B) are clearly separated from each other (8, 10), preferably segments (8, 10) each having the same size cross-sectional shape for one kind of polymer component (A, B). Consisting of) Splicable Fiber. Use of the joinable fiber 1 according to claim 12 or 13, Used to make nonwovens, in particular filters, garments, hygiene- or cleaning products or products decorated with tufts, in particular for carpet carriers, Use of Splicable Fibers. Apparatus (2) for producing a joinable fiber (1) consisting of two or more polymer components (A, B) that are not compatible with each other, in particular for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11. as, The distributor hole 6 is formed in front of the at least one radiation capillary 4, The cross section of at least one distributor hole 6 assigned to each one polymer component (A, B) is adjusted in response to the volume flow of the respective polymer component (A, B), Apparatus for producing joinable fibers. The method of claim 15, The proportion of the cross-sectional total of the distributor holes 6 assigned to each one of the polymer components (A, B) ranges from 0 to 20% or less, preferably 10% or less, wherein the polymer components (A, B) used are ) Corresponds approximately to the volume flow rate between each other or equal to the volume flow rate, Apparatus for producing joinable fibers. The method according to claim 15 or 16, The distributor hole 6 has a circle, arc shape, slot shape, star shape and / or angled shape, in particular a triangular or square cross-sectional shape, Apparatus for producing joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, The distributor holes 6 are arranged in a circle, star shape and / or in line, Apparatus for producing joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, The distributor holes 6 are individually assigned to each of the polymer components (A, B) in alternating or block alternating fashion, Apparatus for producing joinable fibers. The method of claim 19, The distributor holes 6 are arranged in blocks of the same size for one kind of polymer component (A, B), Apparatus for producing joinable fibers. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, The cross section of each one distributor hole 6 can be varied by part replacement and / or by part addition, Apparatus for producing joinable fibers.

Images