KR20080073699A - A working machine and a method for operating a warking machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A working machine (1) comprising an internal combustion engine (120) for supplying torque to the driving wheels (130) of the working machine, and a transmission line (110) arranged between the internal combustion engine and the driving wheels for transmitting torque from the internal combustion engine to the driving wheels. The working machine (1) further comprising at least one hydraulic pump (10Oa1 100b, 100c) in a hydraulic system (20) for moving an implement (2) arranged on the working machine and/or steering the working machine. The transmission line (110) comprises at least one electric machine (17a, 17b) for driving or braking the driving wheels (130), and/or for generating electric power for said at least one hydraulic pump (100a, 100b, 100c).

Description

WORKING MACHINE AND A METHOD FOR OPERATING A WARKING MACHINE}

The present invention relates to a working machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of operating the working machine according to the preamble of claim 19.

The invention can be applied to work machines in the industrial construction machinery area, in particular wheel loaders. Although the present invention describes a wheel loader, the present invention is not particularly limited to this vehicle, but heavy working machines such as articulate haulers, trucks, and excavators Can also be used.

In order to transmit torque to the driving wheel of the wheel loader, the wheel loader is generally equipped with an internal combustion engine, a transmission line and a gear box. The gearbox is provided with various gear ratios for changing the speed of the vehicle and changing the driving direction. The transmission line comprises a hydrodynamic torque converter disposed between the internal combustion engine and the gearbox. Torque converters are used to increase torque when filling a bucket or performing particularly heavy tasks such as acceleration of a wheel loader. The torque converter can quickly change the output torque to match the current working environment. However, torque converters often have low efficiency depending on the current working conditions. If the torque converter is provided with a lock-up function which is operated directly, the efficiency can be increased. However, even if the gear ratio (1: 1) is locked in the locked up state, the lock up function cannot be used during the operation, which leaves a problem of low efficiency during the operation.

In addition to supplying torque to the drive wheels, the internal combustion engine must also supply energy to the hydraulic pumps of the hydraulic system of the wheel loader. This hydraulic system is used for lifting operations or for turning the wheel loader. The hydraulic cylinder is installed in an arm unit which lifts and lifts, and a bucket or other type of connecting device or a work tool such as forks is attached to the lifted arm unit. In addition, other hydraulic cylinders can be used so that the bucket can be tilted or pivoted. A hydraulic cylinder, also known as a steering cylinder, is installed for the steering function of the wheel loader in relation to the relative movement of the front and rear bodies of the wheel loader.

For example, while filling the bucket when the speed of the wheel loader is close to zero, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine on the one hand must correspond to the hydraulic pump and on the other hand the internal combustion engine must respond to the demand for very high torque. . The rotational speed of the internal combustion engine determined by the hydraulic system must be braked to correspond to the speed of the wheel loader relative to the current state. In order to meet the demands on rotational speed and torque in many situations, internal combustion engines must be designed for unnecessarily high efficiency, which requires no output or is only required intermittently. The use of an internal combustion engine in the context of a wheel loader that is lost in some respects, the torque converter must be operated in a situation with low efficiency and must be braked according to the hydraulic system will result in high fuel consumption.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a work machine with more efficient and lower fuel consumption through a machine of the kind mentioned in the introduction.

The object is achieved by a working machine according to claim 1.

With the provision of electrical devices for driving or braking drive wheels and / or electrical devices for generating power for hydraulic pumps, internal combustion engines can be used more efficiently, smaller internal combustion engines can be used and fuel consumption Can be reduced. For example, the hydraulic system can be driven at least in part by an electrical device instead of an internal combustion engine. Therefore, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine does not need to be determined in consideration of the hydraulic pump. During the braking operation of the wheel loader, the electric device can be used for braking and at the same time can perform a function for replenishing energy. Energy can be supplied directly to the hydraulic system and stored in electrical energy storage means such as batteries or super capacitors for later use. If great traction is required, additional torque can be transmitted to the drive wheels by an electrical device such as an electric motor, thus reducing the need for a torque converter.

Moreover, the electrical device can also be used for drive wheels driven in the opposite direction. This means that the reverse gear of the gearbox can be removed. An additional advantage is that the electrical device is used to apply the rotational speed to the internal combustion engine and the rotational speed of the transmission line facilitates interlocking or disengaging in the direction of action of the transmission unit included in the transmission line.

The invention relates to a method of operating a work machine according to claim 19. This method of operation and size of the internal combustion engine can be optimized to keep the fuel consumption as small as possible.

Additional advantages and convenient features of the invention are set forth in the description and claims that follow.

In the present invention, the electric device and the transmission unit are defined as follows.

An electric device means an electric motor and a generator. In order to supply the output torque of the shaft, the electric device may be driven by being supplied with electricity, or mechanically driven by the torque generated in the shaft to produce electricity.

The transmission unit, like the mechanical clutch, includes a hydrodynamic clutch, such as a torque converter and a hydrostatic clutch. Thus, the transmission unit includes a torque converter capable of increasing torque, and a general clutch used for separation and direction of operation at a gear ratio of 1: 1.

A more detailed description of the configuration of the present invention disclosed by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings is as follows.

1 is a perspective view of a wheel loader having a bucket and a hydraulic system for changing the direction of the wheel loader and the operation of the bucket for loading operation,

2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system of a wheel loader;

3 is a schematic diagram of a transmission line of a wheel loader according to the prior art,

4 is a schematic diagram of a transmission line of a working machine according to the present invention,

5 is a schematic view of another transmission line of a working machine according to the present invention.

1 corresponds to a wheel loader 1 with a mechanism 2 in the form of a bucket 3, the bucket 3 being installed in the arm unit 4 for shanghaidong. It can also be tilted or pivoted in correspondence with the arm unit 4. The wheel loader 1 comprises a hydraulic system and a bucket 3 comprising at least one hydraulic pump (not shown in FIG. 1) and actuating cylinders 5a, 5b, 6 for the operation of the arm unit 4. do. 2 shows a schematic view of the hydraulic system mentioned above. Referring specifically to FIG. 2, two working cylinders disclosed as lifting cylinders 5a and 5b are installed in the arm unit 4 and also known as tilting cylinders 6. (working cylinder) is installed in the arm unit 4 so that it tilts inward and tilt-out in correspondence with the arm unit 4. Furthermore, two actuating cylinders, which are disclosed as steering cylinders 7a and 7b for steering the wheel loader, are installed. Furthermore, three hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, 100c supply hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinders. The person operating the work machine can control the operation cylinder with a device connected to a control unit (not shown).

3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a transmission line 11 of a wheel loader 1 according to the prior art. The internal combustion engine 12 is provided on one side of the transmission line 11. The other side of the transmission line 11 is connected to the drive wheel 13 of the wheel loader. The internal combustion engine 12 supplies torque to the drive wheel 13 of the wheel loader 1 via the transmission line 11. As shown, the transmission line 11 includes a gearbox 14 for changing the speed of the vehicle and the direction of the wheel loader. A hydrodynamic converter 15 is installed between the internal combustion tube 12 and the gearbox 14. The transmission line 11 of the wheel loader 1 is provided with means for operating the hydraulic pump 10 in a hydraulic system for lifting and steering the wheel loader 1. According to the prior art, the hydraulic pump 10 is driven by the internal combustion engine 12 and preferably via the gear wheel 16 provided between the torque converter 15 and the gearbox 14.

A schematic diagram of a transmission line 110 of a working mechine 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4. An internal combustion engine is installed at one end of the transmission line 110. The other end of the transmission line 110 is connected to the drive wheel 130 of the working machine (1). The internal combustion engine 120 supplies torque to the drive wheel 130 of the work machine 130 via the transmission line 110. As shown, the transmission line 110 includes a gearbox 140 for changing the speed of the vehicle 1 and the driving direction of the work machine 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the transmission line 110 includes a transmission unit 150 for interlocking and disengaging the internal combustion engine 120 interlocked with the driving wheel 130. The transmission unit 150 preferably uses a fluid clutch called a hydrodynamic torque converter. The torque converter may increase the torque, which means that the output torque of the torque converter may correspond to one to three times the torque of the internal combustion engine 120. Furthermore, the torque converter preferably has a freewheel function and a lock-up function in the operating direction without increasing torque, and the torque converter's transmission ratio is fixed at 1: 1 in the locked up state. It is desirable to be. However, the transmission unit 150 may use a general clutch for disengaging or for directional operation without increasing torque. Such a clutch may be used as a hydraulic clutch as well as a mechanical clutch.

According to the invention, the transmission line 110 of the work machine 1 is at least one powered by electricity and / or at least one electrical device 17a, 17b for driving or decelerating the drive wheel 130. These hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, 100c are included.

The configuration of FIG. 4 is provided with three hydraulic pumps providing the functions shown in FIG. 2, and in other descriptions, several hydraulic pumps used in the hydraulic system providing these or other functions may be used. The configuration of the working machine includes at least two mechanisms and a redirection function and at least one of the hydraulic pumps installed in each mechanism. As shown in Figs. 2 to 4, the working machine includes three hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b and 100c. The first hydraulic pump 100a provides a lifting function of the device, the second hydraulic pump 100b is installed to provide a tilting function of the device, and the second hydraulic pump 100c has a direction change function of the working machine. It is installed to enable. Separate hydraulic pumps for this function of the working machine can be further optimized to reduce the total energy consumption.

The electrical devices 17a, 17b are electrically coupled to the hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, 100c, and the fluid pumps are provided with respective motors 18a, 18b, 18c driven by electricity. The electrical devices 17a, 17b may be directly connected to the hydraulic pump, just as they are sequentially directly connected to the battery, the super condenser. The working machine 1 may include electrical energy storage means 19 for storing energy and for supplying power to the hydraulic pumps or the electrical devices 17a and 17b. Moreover, a general control unit (not shown) can be used to control the energy supply to other parts of the system shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the working machine 1 may be provided with a mechanism 2 in the form of a bucket 3 operated by the hydraulic system 20. However, other instruments can be used naturally. When used in work machines such as articulate haulers or trucks, the mechanism can be replaced with a dump-body or the like. In general, hydraulic pumps and working cylinders are used in the dump sieve during the dump operation.

The transmission line 110 includes two electrical devices 17a and 17b and the first electrical device 14a is installed upstream of the transmission unit 150 and the second electrical device 17b is a transmission. It is preferred to be installed downstream of the unit 150. By using two electrical devices the operational mode is increased. As shown in FIG. 4, the transmission line connects the first electric device 17a disposed between the internal combustion engine 120 and the transmission unit and the second electric device 17b between the transmission unit 150 and the gearbox. Include. The electrical devices 17a and 17b are electrically connected from the internal combustion engine 120 to the drive wheel 130 to transmit torque via the first and second electric devices.

In addition, the electrical device is electrically connected to the electrical storage means and to each of the motors 18a, 18b, 18c of the fluid pump. The first electric device 17a supplies energy to the hydraulic pump or the energy storage means 19 and the second electric device 17b by driving the internal combustion engine 120. The second electric device 17b brakes the drive wheel 130 of the work machine 1 while the work machine is braking and can be used to supply energy to the hydraulic pump or to supply electrical energy storage means. The first electric device 17a or the second electric device 17b is supplied with energy by the electric energy supply means 19 to drive the drive wheel 130 of the working machine 1. The second electrical device 17b is driven in the same manner by the first electrical device 17a.

There is also an advantage obtained by using only one electrical device, but the transmission line 110 comprises a second electrical device 17b in the same way between the transmission unit and the drive wheel or any gearbox, in other words between the transmission unit and the gearbox. It is desirable to. It is possible for each drive wheel to use the electrical device. In this case, four electric devices are usually used for four drive wheels. Each electrical device is preferably connected to each drive wheel via a respective gearbox.

Moreover, in combination with the prior art, the fluid pump may be driven by an internal combustion engine. That is, a preposition device is installed to drive the hydraulic pump shown in FIG. 3. The fluid pump is then driven by an electrical device that is optimized for internal combustion engines and / or operates at different times.

The energy stored by the energy storage means 19 may also be used for other functions such as wheel loaders, compressors, fans, actuators and the like.

According to the method of the invention for operating the working machine 1, at least one electrical device 17a, 17b is included in the transmission line 110 and is used and / or generated for driving or braking the drive wheel 130. Electricity is used for the at least one fluid pump 100a, 100b, 100c described above. Also, in addition to operating the fluid pump by means of obtaining power from one or more of the electrical devices 17a, 17b, the electrical devices 17a, 17b may be used to supply torque to the drive wheel 130. The efficiency of the overall transmission line 110 can be increased when the internal combustion engine 120 is used and / or when the electrical devices 17a and 17b are used to match the current state.

According to Fig. 4, the drive wheel 130 is driven as follows;

The drive wheel is driven by an internal combustion engine which is locked up or has a torque converter 150.

Alternatively, the driving wheel is driven by the internal combustion engine 120 and / or the first electric device 17a and / or the second electric device 17b which are locked up or provided with the torque converter.

Alternatively, the driving wheel is driven by the first electric device 17a and / or the second electric device 17b which is not locked up or without the torque converter 150.

Alternatively, the driving wheel is driven by the second electric device 17b which is not locked up or without the torque converter 150.

The first electric device 17a is driven by the internal combustion engine 120 for supplying electric power or by energy storage means for supplying torque, and the second electric device 17b is the first electric device 17a. Or driven by electrical energy storage means 19 for providing torque.

The torque converter 150 can be replaced with a general hydraulic or mechanical clutch and provides the same method for the lock-up state of the hydraulic torque converter.

Another object of the invention is to provide a work machine comprising a power source generating motor for supplying power to the work machine, the work machine comprising one or more hydraulic pumps installed in the work machine to move the mechanism and to change the direction of the work machine. In addition, such work machines can operate more efficiently and consume less energy.

The object of the working machine is achieved by 28 claims.

A motor for supplying at least one electric device and at least one electric energy for driving a drive wheel of a working machine is provided, and a power supply motor is installed to supply power to the one or more electric devices and one or more hydraulic pumps. For example, energy generated from a power supply motor is used more efficiently and can reduce overall energy consumption. The hydraulic system is driven without adjusting the speed of the power supply motor. The electrical device can also be used while a working machine, such as a wheel loader, is being braked and at the same time generating electricity for energy supplementation. The energy generated from the power generating motor is directly connected to the power supply such as electric devices, hydraulic systems, batteries and super capacitors.

Moreover, the electric device can be used even when the driving wheel is driven in the opposite direction. This means that the reverse gear of the gearbox can be removed.

The working machine of FIG. 5 includes a power generating motor 200 as shown. The working machine includes a hydraulic system for at least one hydraulic pump 100a, 100b, 100c used for movement of an instrument or for moving a direction of the working machine. The working machine may further include at least one or more electrical devices used for the drive wheel 130. The power generation motor 200 is installed to supply power to at least one or more of the above-described electric devices 10 and the above-described one or more of the installed hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, and 100c.

The work machine shown in FIG. 5 has one electrical device 17, but two or more electrical devices can be installed. For example, a work machine may include one electrical device for each drive wheel. In this case, four electric devices are usually used to drive four drive wheels. Each electrical device is preferably connected to each drive wheel via a respective gearbox.

The working machine includes energy storage means 19 for storing energy from the electricity generating motor 200 and comprises at least one electric machine 17 described above. This energy storage means 19 supplies energy to the electrical machines and / or hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, 100c described above.

In addition to driving the drive wheel 130, one or more of the aforementioned electrical devices 17 are used for braking the drive wheel of the work machine while the operation of the work machine is braked. At the same time the electrical device 17 is used to replenish the energy in the electrical energy storage means 19 or in a hydraulic system.

In detail, the working machine includes at least two mechanisms and / or a diverting function, and the fluid pump is installed for each apparatus and the diverting function. 2 to 5, the working machine includes three hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, and 100c, and the first hydraulic pump 100a is installed in a mechanism for lifting and lowering, and the second hydraulic pump. 100b is installed for the tilting function of the mechanism, and the second hydraulic pump 100c is installed for the turning function of the working machine. Separate hydraulic pumps for the operation of the working machine can be more optimized and reduce the overall energy consumption.

Within the scope of the invention, the power generating motor 200 may be manufactured in another form as long as it can supply power. Energy cells may also be used to supply power. Another example of a power generating motor is an internal combustion engine providing a power generator. It is also possible to use a gas turbine provided with a generator. The power generating motor may be a free-piston engine equipped with a power generator.

The word "drive wheel" of the present application is meant to include a vehicle wheel that is in direct contact with a surface, as well as a vehicle wheel for operating a track or roller or a ground contact member as described above. Should be.

The present invention is not limited by the drawings and the detailed description of the invention, but rather can be recognized in various ways according to the appended claims.

The present invention is applied to work machines such as wheel loaders, trucks, excavators, and the like, in particular applied to the driving or braking of the transmission line, to a work machine provided with a hydraulic pump in the hydraulic system.

Claims (39)

An internal combustion engine 120 for supplying torque to the drive wheel 130 and a transmission line 110 installed between the internal combustion engine and the drive wheel to transfer torque from the internal combustion engine to the drive wheel, In the work machine (1) further comprising a hydraulic system (20) provided with a moving mechanism (2) or at least one hydraulic pump (100a, 100b, 100c) used to change direction, The transmission line 110 includes at least one electric device 17a, 17b for braking or driving the driving wheel 130 and supplying power to the hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, and 100c. Working machines. The method of claim 1, The transmission line 110 includes a transmission unit 150 for interlocking and disengaging the internal combustion engine 120 interlocked with the drive wheel 130. The method of claim 2, The transmission line comprises the electrical device (17b) installed between the transmission unit (150) and the drive wheel. The method of claim 2 or 3, The transmission line (110) is a working machine, characterized in that it comprises the electrical device (17a) installed between the internal combustion engine (120) and the transmission unit (150). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The working machine includes the electric device connected to each drive wheel. The method according to claim 2, wherein Transmission unit 150 is a working machine, characterized in that the hydrodynamic torque converter. The method of claim 6, The hydrodynamic torque converter 150 has a lock up function with a fixed transmission ratio of the torque converter. The method of claim 2, Transmission unit 150 is a working machine, characterized in that the mechanical clutch. The method according to claim 3 or 4, And said electrical devices (17a, 17b) are electrically connected to each other to transfer torque through said electrical devices (17a, 17b) between the internal combustion engine (120) and the drive wheel (130). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, The work machine (1) is characterized in that it comprises energy storage means (19) for providing energy to the at least one hydraulic pump (100a, 100b, 100c). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, The working machine (1) is characterized in that it comprises electrical energy storage means (19) supplied to the at least one or more of the electrical devices (17a, 17b). The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein Work machine, characterized in that it is installed to charge the electrical energy storage means (19) when the at least one electrical device (17a, 17b) is operated by a generator. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, And said at least one electrical device (17a, 17b) is installed to brake the drive wheel (130) of the working machine during the braking operation of the working machine (1). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, And said at least one electrical device (17a, 17b) is installed to drive the drive wheel (130) of the working machine (1) during operation of the instrument or during the acceleration movement of the working machine (1). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, The one or more electric devices 17a and 17b are adapted to the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 120 and the rotational speed of the transmission line 110 so that the operation state of the transmission unit 150 can be easily coupled or separated. Work machine, characterized in that made. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, The working machine is a wheel loader. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, The working machine is equipped with at least two mechanisms and / or steering functions; And said at least one hydraulic pump (100a, 100b, 100c) is installed in each mechanism and / or steering function. The method of claim 17, The work machine includes a first hydraulic pump (100a) for providing a lifting operation of the mechanism, a second hydraulic pump (100b) for providing a tilting function of the apparatus, and a third for enabling the turning of the working machine. Working machine, characterized in that three fluid pump is installed, the hydraulic pump (100c). An internal combustion engine 120 for supplying torque to a drive wheel and a transmission line 110 installed on the drive wheel 130 from the internal combustion engine to transfer torque from the internal combustion engine to the drive wheel, the mechanism ( 2) operation of the work machine further comprising a hydraulic pump (100a, 100b, 100c) of at least one hydraulic system (20) installed at the work machine (1) and / or the change of direction of the work machine for moving In the method, The transmission line 110 includes at least one electrical device 17a, 17b for driving or braking the drive wheel 130 and / or for supplying power to at least one hydraulic pump 100a, 100b, 100c. Method for operating a work machine, characterized in that. The method of claim 19, The transmission line (110) is a method of operating a work machine, characterized in that the transmission unit 150 for use in contact and non-contact of the internal combustion engine (120) in relation to the drive wheel (130). The method of claim 20, Work installed between the internal combustion engine 120 and the transmission unit 150 to drive the drive wheel 130 by using the one electric machine (17a) via the transmission unit 150. How the machine works. The method of claim 20 or 21, The electric device 17b installed between the internal combustion engine 120 and the transmission unit 120 to drive the driving wheel is a transmission line or the electric energy storage means of the wheel loader 1 is powered by another electric device 17a. Method of operation of a working machine, characterized in that used for this supply. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, Characterized in that the driving wheel 130 of the work machine 1 is driven by the at least one electric device 17a, 17b while the work tool 2 is actuated or the work machine 1 is accelerated. Method of working machine. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, The at least one electrical device 17a, 17b is used to brake the drive wheel 130 of the work machine 1 or to replenish energy while the work machine is braked when the work machine is in a braking state. Method for operating a work machine, characterized in that. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 24, Hydraulic torque converter 150 is a method of operating a work machine, characterized in that for driving the drive wheel 130 while the transmission unit is in use. The method of claim 25, Method of operating a work machine, characterized in that the drive wheel 130 is driven while in the lock-up state of the hydraulic torque converter (150). The method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, And at least one electrical device (17a, 17b) to drive the drive wheel (130) backwards in relation to the direction of rotation of the internal combustion engine (120). A power supply motor 200 for supplying electricity is included, and the fluid system further includes at least one hydraulic pump 100a, 100b, 100c installed in the work machine and / or the work machine to be redirected to move the tool. In the working machine containing, The work machine includes at least one electric device 17 for driving the drive wheel 130 of the work machine, a power supply for supplying electricity to the at least one electric device and the at least one hydraulic pump 100a, 100b, 100c. Working machine, characterized in that the supply motor 200 is included. The method of claim 28, The work machine is characterized in that it comprises one said electric device (17) for driving all the drive wheels of the work machine. The method of claim 28, Each drive wheel of the work machine includes the one electric device. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, The working machine includes an electrical storage means 19 for storing electricity from a power supply motor 200 or the at least one or more electrical devices 17, the one or more electrical devices and the one or more hydraulic pumps 100a, 100b, Working machine, characterized in that 100c) is included. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 31, At least one electrical device (17) is provided for braking the drive wheel (130) of the working machine while the working machine is in the braking state. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 32, And said working machine has at least two mechanisms and / or diverting functions and / or said at least one hydraulic pump is provided for each of said instruments and said diverting functions. The method of claim 33, The working machine includes a first hydraulic pump 100a installed to elevate the apparatus, a second hydraulic pump 100b for tilting the apparatus, and a third hydraulic pump installed to change the direction of the working machine. Working machine, characterized in that 100c) is included. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 34, wherein The power generating motor 200 is a working machine, characterized in that the fuel cell. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 34, wherein The power generating motor 200 is a working machine, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is installed electric generator. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 24, The power generating motor 200 is a working machine, characterized in that the gas turbine is installed electric generator. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 34, wherein The electricity generating motor 200 is a working machine, characterized in that the free-piston engine provided with an electric generator. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 38, The working machine is a wheel loader.

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