KR20080045238A - Mp-a and mp-t machines, multipolar machines for alternating and three-phase currents - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine (Figure 3B) includes inner and outer stator (5 and 6) and a rotor (2) located therebetween. The rotor includes a wall with a constant thickness and an elongates S-ribbon (172) overlapping the gaps in the wall of the rotor.

Description

MP-A and MP-T devices and multi-pole devices for alternating current and three-phase currents {MP-A AND MP-T MACHINES, MULTIPOLAR MACHINES FOR ALTERNATING AND THREE-PHASE CURRENTS}

Related application cross-reference

Related U.S. Patent Application:

D. filed July 8, 2003. PCT patent application filed by D. Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf "Multipolar Machines-Optimized Homopolar Motors / Generators / Transformers" (PCT / US03 / 22248).

D. Kulman-Wilsdorf's "Multipolar-Plus Machines-Multipolar Machines with Reduced Numbers of Brushes".

The present invention is filed on July 8, 2003 in D. The invention of the "multipole device" (MP device) described in Kulman-Wilsdorf's "Multipole Device-Optimum Copper Motor / Generator / Transformer" and the reduction in the number of D. Kulman-Wallsdorf's "Multipole-plus device-brushes It is an extension of the subsequent invention described in "Multipole Devices". In particular, the present invention relates to an MP device comprising a dubbed MP-A and MP-T device configured for alternating current (AC) and / or three-phase current, and an MP and MP-Plus device configured for direct current (DC). It is for patent protection.

MP family devices share three basic structural features: (A) Mechanically fused but electrically isolated and of constant diameter, which may be a monolithic rotor or a set of concentric rotors. A generally cylindrical rotor, which may be composed of a concentric rotor layer that is not required to have a cylindrical rotor, comprising: a cylindrical rotor capable of carrying current substantially in the axial direction but not carrying current in the circumferential direction; (B) a plurality of magnetic field sources surrounding the outer and inner sides of the rotor to set the magnetic flux density (B) in the plurality of axially extending zones of the rotor wall, the magnetic flux densities alternating radially between neighboring zones. And (C) means for guiding the current through the multiple zones sequentially so that the Lorentz force has the same sense of rotation at any point.

Based on the above general description, MP and MP-Plus devices typically comprise three concentric tubes (rotating symmetrically but not necessarily cylindrical) centered on a common axis of rotation. This tube is an outer and inner magnet tube and a rotor or a set of rotors, the outer and inner magnet tube having adjacent mutually correlated opposing magnetic poles to form an axially extending region of a strong radial magnetic flux (B). A magnetic field source in the form of permanent magnets extending in an axial direction is fastened so as to face each other across the gap with alternating polarities of the heat, the rotor or the rotor set allowing current to flow in the zone and And relative rotation to the paired magnetic poles lining the gap between the outer magnet tubes.

As already pointed out, the magnets inside the magnet tube are arranged to create an axially extending “zone” of regular intervals, the radial magnetic flux density of which signal alternates between zones and passes through the zones. There is a gap of no magnetic flux between the two sections. In addition, simple MP and MP-Plus instruments have a "current channeling" rotor that allows current to flow only in parallel rather than in the normal direction of the zone, and the direction of the current changes as the direction of the magnetic flux (B) changes. And means for guiding the current "in turn" sequentially through the plurality of zones so that the direction of Lorentz force rotation on the current is the same for all successive current "turns."

In a simple MP instrument, the means for guiding current sequentially through a plurality of zones is an electric brush located at each end of a zone, which slides on a slip ring on the outer surface of the rotor, in a pair-wise manner. Is electrically connected. For MP-Plus devices, most of these brushes are replaced with "flags" connecting the equivalent points of the neighboring zones of the neighboring rotors. According to the above features, not only the MP-Plus device but also the simple MP device takes the form of a pole, that is, the current path inside the device remains normal during the operation of the device. Due to this feature, these devices provide extremely low levels of electronic noise when operated with rectified alternating current or direct current as opposed to three-phase current, which means that they are allowed to be used in military "stealth", so the US Navy It was highly appreciated. In fact, simple MP and MP-Plus devices may operate with rectified alternating current and / or three-phase current as well as direct current in electric motor mode, but can only generate direct current in generator mode. Therefore, it is best that these appliances be described as "suitable" for direct current.

The invention has the basic features indicated by (A), (B) and (C) above, provided that the above-described metal "current channeling" rotor has a plurality of axial directions in which the width and spacing coincide with the width and spacing of the zone. Is replaced by a rotor comprising a dubbed "S-ribbon", which is a continuous, longitudinally extending elongated conductor section through the section extending into the. At the time of rotation of the device, ie when successive segments of the S-ribbon pass through multiple neighboring zones, the resulting EMF acting on the gap and passage to the next set of neighboring zones is alternating and therefore The device accordingly is not a copper pole, but is a device that is "suitable" for alternating current with a single S-ribbon, or "suitable" for three-phase currents using three regularly arranged independent S-ribbons. Thus, the present invention is based on a different rotor design than that used in simple MP and MP-Plus devices. Even so, the device according to the invention shares the features of (A) and (B) already listed for the MP device, and thus can be said to belong to the multipolar (MP) electric device.

Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to extend the scope of MP equipment to include AC equipment (MP-A equipment) or three-phase current equipment (MP-T equipment). An important secondary object of the present invention is to selectively eliminate the need for an electric brush and slip ring by rotating the magnet tube instead of rotating the rotor as done by a simple MP and MP-Plus device.

According to the present invention, the first object described above is to provide a multi-pole (MP) type device which is controlled in a manner very similar to a conventional alternating current and / or three-phase device as an alternating current and / or three-phase current device. This object is achieved by a rotor comprising at least one electrically conductive ribbon, ie a dubbed "S-ribbon", which, upon rotation, is formed to substantially alternate with a plurality of adjacent zones and the gap between these adjacent zones. As a result, when connected to an external power source or sink, the S-ribbon allows current to flow periodically across a plurality of zones of high magnetic flux, such that Lorentz forces in the same direction of rotation along their entire length within these zones Or you will receive this power. Then, in rotation, the S-ribbon circulates between the zone and the gap, greatly over or over most of its length. In this case, the Lorentz force and thus the machine torque alternate between the maximum clockwise and maximum counterclockwise directions to the zero point.

In addition, the second object of the present invention, i.e., an MP device which does not require an electric brush, is such that the relative movement between the magnet tube and the rotor manufactured as described above is reversed so that the two magnet tubes are rotated by the machine axis. (Or at any speed relative to the periphery of the stationary state if there is no central axis) and the rotor is attained. In addition, the Lorentz force is caused by the relative motion between the S-ribbon and the magnet when any selected point on the rotor passes from the one flux zone between the paired poles to the next zone with the opposite magnetic field through the gap. do.

MP devices comprising a single S-ribbon as described above can be operated by alternating current or carry alternating current in the generator mode and, as already mentioned, are dubbing MP-A instruments. By forming two similar, regularly spaced S-ribbons in the rotor, the device generates two dephase alternations, which may each be used independently of one another. In a configuration where three similar S-ribbons are provided within the rotor at one-third of the spacing of adjacent zones of equal polarity, the appliance generates three-phase power in generator mode and three-phase current in motor mode. Can be operated by Such a device is a dubbing MP-T device. The torque as well as the torque of the MP-A and MP-T devices may be controlled via an inverter, ie via frequency, instead of controlling voltage and current as in the MP and MP-Plus devices.

It should be noted that in the motor mode, the MP-A and MP-T devices can be driven by a suddenly changed switching direct current. Neither the MP-A nor the MP-T device is the same pole, ie it emits electrical noise. However, the electromagnetic noise level of the MP-A and MP-T instruments is at an acceptable level, because (i) the magnetic field range of the MP-A and MP-T instruments is reduced by the placement of the bipolar magnetic pole inside the rotating magnet tube. In addition, (ii) the direction of current in adjacent parallel segments of the S-ribbon alternates from one turn to the next, thereby reducing the range of the electromagnetic field of the current.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION A more complete understanding of the present invention and the various advantages that accompany it may be clearly understood by reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of an MP, MP-Plus, MP-A or MP-T device.

2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an MP device in which the magnet tube is stationary while the rotor is rigidly connected to the shaft and rotates with the shaft.

2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of an MP device in which the rotor is stationary while the magnet tube is rigidly connected to the shaft and rotates with the shaft.

FIG. 3A is a partial cutaway perspective view of the device shown in FIG. 2A, wherein the rotor is made of insulating material and an S-ribbon is embedded therein; FIG.

FIG. 3B is a partial cutaway perspective view of the device shown in FIG. 2B with the rotor made of insulating material and an S-ribbon embedded therein; FIG.

4A is a schematic plan view showing three S-ribbons inside the rotor of an MP-T device;

4B and 4C are cross-sectional views showing a flat form of an S-ribbon (FIG. 4B) consisting of three layers inside the rotor of the MP-T device (FIG. 4B) and an S-ribbon compressed in two layers (FIG. 4C).

FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram of the current flow in an MP-A device having a rotor consisting of three concentric rotor layers mechanically fused but electrically isolated.

5A shows an insulated adjacent portion of an S-ribbon at the rotor rim, above or below the line of X-X of FIG. 4A, including a circular hole for plug insertion.

5B shows a possible S-ribbon placement of the rotor body cross section showing the S-ribbon position at the rotor rim.

FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional view of a screw-in plug for one of the circular holes of FIG. 5A, establishing an electrical connection between adjacent sides of the S-ribbon. FIG.

5D and 5E are similar to FIGS. 5A and 5B but showing a more simplified and more cost effective configuration.

FIG. 5F is configured as in FIG. 5D, but at line XX, the edge is provided with three S-ribbon portions, rather than a gently twisted single wire bundle fed from the rotor body to each side of the S-ribbon portion of the rim. Top view showing part of the rotor.

6A is an enlarged view of FIG. 5A showing an elliptical hole instead of a circular hole.

FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a “drop-in plug” for establishing an independent electrical connection between the exterior and the adjacent portion of the S-ribbon. FIG.

FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of a drop-in plug for establishing an electrical connection between the outside and the left side rather than the right side of the S-ribbon; FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a MP, MP-Plus, MP-A or MP-T device for fluid pumping, with a magnet tube in stationary state, a flared rotor and an inner propeller and without a central axis. FIG.

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view similar to FIG. 7 except that the arrangement of the propellers is different; FIG.

FIG. 9 is the same view as FIG. 7 except that the ship has a rotor shaped rotor and an outer propeller;

10 shows a possible magnet arrangement for MP-A and MP-T instruments.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like or corresponding parts throughout the several views.

MP -A and MP -T device basic structure and cooling

In Fig. 1 the basic geometry of an MP device including an instrument shaft 10, a rotor 2 and internal and external magnet tubes 5, 6 is shown in cross section. The magnet arrangement is optional, with alternating holes and radial directions such as indicated by the N and S symbols (referred to as "north" and "south") to show the magnetization direction of the individual magnets herein. Hallbach) magnet arrangement is shown. As shown, the S-poles on the inner magnet 5 and the N-poles on the outer magnet 6 are alternately arranged to face each other and vice versa. The area between these paired magnetic poles is the "zone" with a strong radial magnetic flux density (B) that changes the sense of direction from one zone to the next, and the space between these zones is low There is no "gap".

Channels 45, 46 between adjacent radial magnets on each side of the rotor 2 may preferably be used for channeling cooling fluid in the axial direction. Optionally, such channels may be open to the rotor surface as in FIG. 1 or closed by several barriers, for example made of fairly thin plastic sheet material.

In a preferred embodiment, the channel remains open as in FIG. 1 and the cooling fluid is liquid instead of gas, eg water instead of air. The use of water increases the possible cooling efficiency. The MP device of this aspect is discussed in Patent Application Reference 1 below.

When the coolant is flowed through a cooling channel having a cross-sectional area (A _c ) at a speed (v _c ) and the volume of V _c = A _c v _c per second, the coolant is transferred at the following rate according to the temperature increase (ΔT) of the coolant. The heat is removed.

Where d is the mechanical density and c is the specific heat of the coolant. When water is used as the coolant, d is 10 ³ kg / m ³ , and c is 1 cal (g ° C.) = 4.2 [joule] / 10 ⁻³ [kg ° C.].

의 비율로 열을 제거하게 된다. 마찰 및 주울 열로 인한 기기 손실(￡)이 통상 기기 전력의 단지 5% 이하 정도인 경우, 이것은 구역당 1cm²의 면적의 냉각 채널을 통과하여 전술한 1m/s의 속도로 유동하는 물이 10℃ 온도 상승시 구역당 W_M＞∼100hp 의 비율로 기기를 적절하게 냉각시키는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 냉각율은 모든 상당한 크기의 기기의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 수준이다. 이를 테면, N_z=100 개의 구역을 갖춘 유틸리티에 대해 W_M=100,000hp 인 기기는 A_c=10cm²의 면적을 통과하는 물의 1m/sec의 유량을 필요로 하거나, 냉각 채널의 단면적이 보다 작은 경우에는 적당히 보다 빠른 유량이나 보다 높은 온도 상승을 필요로 할 수도 있다. 상기 수학식 1의 cd가 물의 cd보다 1,000배 작은 수준이지만 유사한 펌핑 에너지 소비율에서 상당히 보다 빠른 유량을 나타낼 수 있는 공기를 이용한 냉각도 마찬가지로 효과적일 수 있다. 이러한 고려 사항은, 로터가 로터 표면에 평행하며 열류를 가로지르는 S-리본 사이의 절연체뿐만 아니라 절연 재료에 의한 적용 범위로 인해 다소 뜨거워질 수도 있다는 점을 제외하면, 로터의 특정 구조와 무관하게 적용되며, 이에 따라 MP-A 및 MP-T 기기에도 적용 가능하다. 그렇다 하더라도, 통상 로터의 벽 두께가 얇으며 로터 내에서 다량의 폐열이 발생한다는 사실을 고려할 때, 냉각은 항상 용이하게 달성될 수 있어야 한다.Thus, for example, the temperature rise between the inlet and the outlet is ΔT = 10 ° C. and at a flow rate of v _c = 1 m / sec = 2.3 mph for V _c = 0.1 liter / sec = 10 ⁻⁴ m ³ / sec. per through cooling using the water passing through the clearance area of the Ac = 1cm ²

The heat is removed at the ratio of. If the instrument losses due to friction and joule heat are typically only 5% or less of the instrument's power, this means that the water flowing through the cooling channel at an area of 1 cm ² per zone and flowing at the rate of 1 m / s described above at 10 ° C. When temperature rises, this means adequate cooling of the instrument at a rate of W _M > -100 hp per zone. This cooling rate is such that it can meet the needs of all significant sizes of equipment. For example, an instrument with W _M = 100,000 hp for a utility with N _z = 100 zones requires a flow rate of 1 m / sec of water through an area of A _c = 10 cm ² , or a smaller cross-sectional area of the cooling channel. In some cases, a moderately faster flow rate or higher temperature rise may be required. Equation 1 above is about 1,000 times smaller than cd of water, but cooling with air can also be effective, which can result in significantly faster flow rates at similar pumping energy consumption rates. These considerations apply irrespective of the specific structure of the rotor, except that the rotor may be somewhat hot due to the coverage by the insulating material as well as the insulation between the S-ribbons parallel to the rotor surface and across the heat flow. Accordingly, it is also applicable to MP-A and MP-T devices. Even so, given the fact that the wall thickness of the rotor is usually thin and a large amount of waste heat is generated in the rotor, cooling should always be easily achieved.

In consideration of exposure to water, all surfaces of MP-A and MP-T instruments may be painted in a permanent, smooth, corrosion-resistant low-friction cover material such as paint, varnish, lacquer, or any other suitable manner; It is preferred to be protected by other protective coatings which may be sprayed or applied. This surface covering on the rotor surface as well as on the inner and outer magnet tube surfaces prevents internal short circuits of the device, while at the same time assisting the smooth relative movement of the rotor and the magnet tube.

rotation Rotor Stand rotation  General Considerations for Magnetic Tubes

2 and 3 illustrate two possible basic geometries of a simple cylindrical MP device. That is, (i) the rotating rotor (Figs. 2A and 3A) of the gap between the magnet tubes in the stationary state, and (ii) the outer and inner magnet tubes (Figs. 2B and 8B) rotating with the rotor in the stationary state. In the first case, namely in FIG. 2 a, the rotor 2 is firmly fastened to the shaft 10 of the device via a drive 61, rotating the shaft in motor mode and driven by the shaft in generator mode. On the other hand, in FIG. 2 a, the magnet tubes 5, 6 are centered on the shaft via the low friction bearing 35 but are mechanically fixed via the support 25 to the periphery, for example the base plate 19 of the machine. It is. In the second case, that is, in FIG. 2B, the opposite is true. In each motor mode and generator mode, the magnet tubes 5, 6 are rigidly coupled to the shaft 10 via the components 29, 180 to drive or be driven by the shaft 10. The rotor 2 is centered on the shaft 10 via the part 181 and the low friction bearing 35 but is not rotated by the shaft 10. As shown, the current flows through the rotor, as in the case of all MP-devices, by means of a different power source, i.e. by direct current in FIG. 2a and by alternating current in FIG. 2b. 27 (n)) to the moving rotor 2. However, as shown in FIG. 2B, in the motor mode, current may be supplied to the stop rotor through the stop terminal, or power may be generated from the rotor through the same stop terminal.

Although unsatisfactory, it may not be necessary to have a central axis, and it can also be seen that fixing to other peripheral stationary parts of the appliance can also be used to center the rotating component. In any case, from a mechanical point of view, the rotor or magnet tube may or may not rotate with the axis of the appliance. Some general suitable considerations are described below.

The simple MP device has a rotationally symmetrical rotor as well as a rotationally symmetrical magnet tube. The asymmetry imposed on the external power source and / or consumer by the stop terminal is immediately adjusted by rotating the rotor, and current is supplied to the rotor by an electric brush and / or generated from the rotor. The MP-Plus device also has a rotor symmetrically in rotation, but also has an asymmetric magnet tube. With this arrangement, the N / S / N / S pole pairs are arranged side by side so that the power supply terminals must remain stationary for these poles. This configuration, in turn, requires rotating the rotor connected to the outside by a sliding brush. However, although MP-A and MP-T instruments have a magnet tube which is rotationally symmetrical, the rotor is asymmetrical with the so-called S-ribbon or S-ribbon section protruding beyond the zone. It is installed. According to this configuration, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, both the rotor and the tube can rotate. However, the interconnection between the rotary rotor and the stationary power source and / or the consumer again requires a sliding electric brush, as shown in FIG. 3A. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3B, the stop slip ring can be provided by the stop terminal, thereby eliminating the use of the slip ring and the brush.

In summary, the basic difference between the MP device and the MP-Plus device on the one hand and between the MP-A device and the MP-T device on the other is in the form of the rotor 2. The rotors of the MP and MP-Plus devices are rotationally symmetrical as already pointed out, while the rotors of the MP-A devices comprise at least one conductive S-ribbon 172 in the form of an electrically insulating matrix (see FIG. 3), The rotor of the MP-T device comprises three regularly spaced S-ribbons in any one continuous series of zone types (see FIG. 4), each having two terminals for the inflow and outflow of current.

MP -A and MP -T operation of the instrument

During the relative rotation between the magnet tube and the rotor, the axially aligned portion of the S-ribbon periodically passes through the radial magnetic flux zone, the non-magnetic flux gap, the polarized magnetic flux zone, and again through the gap and always to its original position. The different parts of the neighboring regions of either S-ribbon cause the Lorentz forces to have the same sense of rotation and to add voltage. As a result, the S-ribbon generates or is affected by alternating voltages. A single S-ribbon of the rotor generates a simple alternating current when used as a generator and may be driven by a simple alternating current when used as a motor.

By using two similar but mutually insulated S-ribbons in the same rotor, with evenly spaced axial sections, two independent voltages are induced and these voltages exhibit a phase difference of 90 °. Thus, a generator having two such S-ribbons may be used as two independent power sources, even if the frequency and power are the same. Similarly, where the phase of the input power source can be controlled, a motor with two S-ribbons is selectively driven by one or two power sources with the same control frequency, operating in a manner equivalent to "field weakening". Can be.

Finally, as shown in Figure 4, three independent uniformly spaced similar S-ribbons in the same device generate three-phase current in generator mode and operate by three-phase current in motor mode. May be Such a device is a dubbing MP-T device as already pointed out above. These devices can be designed with stationary magnet tubes and rotating S-ribbon rotors, as shown in FIG. 3A, in which case slip rings and brushes are required. However, as shown in FIG. 3B, when a stationary S-ribbon rotor is used with a rotating magnet tube, slip rings and slide electric brushes are unnecessary.

In the construction of any MP device, consideration should be given to the fact that the two magnetic tubes, namely the outer magnet tube 6 and the inner magnet tube 5, are due to the strong magnetic attraction between the paired opposing N and S poles. The fact is that they remain closely aligned with each other. This alignment persists up to the highest possible current / intensity, as limited by the maximum machine torque the rotor can mechanically support.

In Fig. 3A, due to the use of a rotating rotor, brushes 27 (1) and 27 (2) are needed to guide current into and out of the rotor. These brushes are rigidly connected to the outer magnet tube 6 and slide on slip rings 34 (1), 34 (2) which are situated in the projections of the rotor 2 that exceed the length of the magnet tube. In the motor mode, the rotor 2 and thus the shaft 10 rotate by the Lorentz force acting on the current through the radial magnetic flux between the paired counter poles inside the magnet tubes 5, 6. At this time, the magnet tubes 5 and 6 are mechanically fixed to the outside through the support portion 25 on the base plate and remain in a stationary state in this drawing.

3A is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 2A with a portion of the outer magnet tube 6 cut away to show the rotor 2 with the S-ribbon embedded therein. The magnet tubes 5, 6, as already pointed out, remain radially aligned due to the strong mutual attraction between the paired magnetic poles therein. They produce a radial magnetic flux density B alternating in a direction parallel to the axially extending region coinciding with the straight segment of the S-ribbon at the desired position. The rotor 2 is firmly connected to the shaft 10 via the structure 61, while the inner magnet tube 5 is centered on the shaft 10 via the part 26 and the low friction bearing 35. (Not shown in FIG. 3A but shown in FIG. 2A). The outer magnet tube 6 is centered on the shaft 10, and in this figure supports the bearing 35 of the shaft 10 via a support post 23 according to FIG. 2A, while the base plate 19 is supported. It remains stationary by the part 25 mounted on it.

The electrically conductive but mutually electrically insulated slip rings 34 (1), 34 (2) are formed of metal overlaps on the extension of the insulated rotor 2 in which the S-ribbons are embedded. Slip ring 34 (1) is directly electrically connected to one end of the S-ribbon as shown in the figure, while an extension of the other end of the S-ribbon slips through S-ribbon end portion 175 It is electrically connected to the ring 34 (2). The S-ribbon end portion 175 passes just below and is electrically insulated from the slip ring 34 (1). Brushes 27 (1) and 27 (2) are firmly mounted to the outer rotor 6 or to the appliance housing or other suitable stop, in an electrically insulated state. These brushes 27 (1), 27 (2) slide on slip rings 34 (1), 34 (2) through brush holders shown as strips 170 (1), 170 (2). And a suitable brush loading spring or other device not shown. The brushes 27 (1) and 27 (2) are electrically connected to the terminals of the alternating current power source 171 through the cable 40 to supply power to the device in the motor mode. In the generator mode, the power source 171 is replaced with a power sink or consumer of generated alternating current.

In the case of an MP-T instrument with a stationary magnet tube, the rotor 2 does not comprise only one S-ribbon, as shown in FIG. 3A, but the phase of the generated or supply current is electrically separated by 120 °. This rotor can generate three-phase currents or use three-phase currents if it contains three equally spaced, isolated S-ribbons. In order to mechanically / electrically change an AC device as shown in FIG. 3A into a three-phase device, four additional slip rings, namely slip rings 34 (3) to 34 (6) and in addition, FIG. 3A In addition to the brushes 27 (1) and 27 (2) shown in Fig. 4, four brushes 27 (3) to 27 (6) are provided which are connected to three magnetic pole terminals of a three-phase power source or a three-phase consumer. In addition, it is necessary to maintain mutual insulation between all six slip rings and six brushes, and only four slides on four mutually insulated slip rings, whether electrically 180 ° apart or 120 ° apart. Two simultaneous AC-phases may be achieved in the same way using two mutually insulated brushes.

Form and operation of individual "S-ribbons"

As discussed, all MP-A and MP-T instruments, whether through the rotation of the magnet tube or through the rotation of the rotor, are conductive S formed to periodically match the zone within the magnet length of the inner and outer magnet tubes. A rotor with a ribbon 172.

The width of the gap between the width of the S-ribbon and the adjacent turns of the S-ribbon is not necessarily so, but the magnet width as projected on the rotor centerline, which is equal to the width of the gap of the magnet tube as shown in FIG. 4. It is preferable that it is the same as (L _m ). Correspondingly, in rotation, the induced voltage for a single S-ribbon changes in sinusoidal form as follows.

The width of the S-ribbed embedded in the rotor is preferably close to the width of the zone, thus covering approximately half of the rotor circumference as a whole. In addition, in order to prevent eddy currents from occurring on the ribbon during rotor rotation, the ribbons are preferably electrically insulated from each other and each divided into parallel strands of no more than 1/16 inch in width. In operation, for example, when starting with an axially oriented ribbon section centered on a region with an axial length L, the circumferential velocity v _r is the voltage V ₁ = v in each ribbon section. _r LB but not (essentially) no voltage between zones. Thus, when there are N _z uniformly spaced regions and N _z correlated ribbon sections, the maximum induced appliance voltage is represented as follows.

Further, when the width of the zone, ie the circumferential width of the magnet as projected on the rotor center line, is L _m , and the gap between the zones has the same width and the diameter of the rotor is D, it is expressed as follows.

In other words, with the following equation,

As a result, the following equation is obtained.

The axially oriented sections of the ribbon traverse N _z / 2 zones of the same radial orientation of the magnetic flux density B at the following time intervals and at the rotor rotational speed v at one rotation of the rotor. .

Thus, starting at t = 0, where the S-ribbon section is centered in the zone, the voltage between the ends of the S-ribbon alternates as follows.

Thus, when the appliance is operated as a generator at the rotational speed v, an alternating voltage is applied to the external terminal in contact with the two slip rings, as in Equation 8, except for the coefficient (1- ￡). Where ￡ denotes a loss of equipment consisting of approximately 2% friction and wind loss, in addition to joule heat loss and (usually negligible) electrical brush loss. As a variant, the applied alternating current voltage raised by the coefficient 1 / (1- ￡) drives the device as a motor at the rotational speed v.

In motor mode, the transfer power (W _M ) and vice versa the delivered mechanical force is determined by the current (i _M ) flowing through the ribbon:

The current is basically limited by the ohmic loss of the ribbon due to device efficiency in much the same way as in multipole and multipole plus devices. Thus, the estimated values already obtained for the power density of these devices, in particular of multipole plus devices, are applicable. In addition, the voltage and current data as a function of the instrument parameters are quite the same as that of the MP-Plus instrument. In fact, since no brushes are used in the case of stationary rotors, the MP-A and MP-T instruments will be the most preferred examples of all MP instruments.

MP -T device structure

Advantageously, the S-ribbon is comprised of mutually insulated wires of diameter 1/16 inch or less to prevent eddy currents. In a preferred configuration, the wire may be formed in a somewhat twisted form and then compressed to approximate a dense packing so as to achieve the maximum possible current density for the optimum power density of the device.

Changing the width of the S-ribbon inside the instrument, with no other changes, changes the waveform of the alternating current. More specifically, assuming a uniform current density over the width of the ribbon, starting with a single strand with a width considerably narrower than the width of the zone, extending the width of the S-ribbon, alternating the "on" direction From the abrupt on-off waveform, the induced voltage changes in the form of a sinusoid in the case of equal widths of the zones and ribbons, over a period when the transition between "on" and "off" appears less steep. In addition, as the width of the S-ribbon is expanded, the voltage or torque amplitude for motors and generators decreases, and the waste heat increases. This is because the leading and trailing edges of the individual ribbon segments are gradually exposed to the magnetic flux density B in the opposite direction and thus to the opposite induced voltage or torque. On the other hand, the total induced voltage or torque rises as the width of the ribbon increases to the width of the zone because the ribbon is formed in the form of a strand. Thereafter, the induced voltage and torque are reduced until almost all of the input energy is converted to waste heat, that is, until the width of the S-ribbon is equal to the spacing between zones having the same magnetic flux density (B) orientation. As can be seen from this analysis, the optimum ribbon width is a value close to the zone width. However, as shown below, when the width of the S-ribbon of the rotor body is reduced by 2/3 of the width of the zone, the S-ribbon can be made into a simple rectangular shape. In particular, when the wall thickness of the rotor is significantly smaller than the width of the zone, a simpler structure of the rotor is possible by assembling the S-ribbons from a substantially equiaxed rectangular unit.

The foregoing condition of "assuming a uniform current density over the width of the ribbon" touches an important issue, as the current uniformity cannot be ensured by any means as described below. In the same kind of conductive ribbon, with the ribbon centered in the zone, the current density and thus the increasing Lorentz force and instrument torque are approximately uniform. In general, however, only the portion of the ribbon that is instantaneously located in a zone is subject to electromagnetic induction and associated opposing induced voltages that are not present in the gap. Thus, considering the ideal case of zero magnetic flux density (B) in the gaps between the zones, the ribbons, some of which are in the zone and some of which are in the gap, are inherently different in voltage, one in the gap and the other It acts like two parallel conductors in the zone where the total voltage is lowered. Thus, with the total current passing through the ribbon fixed, the current density is significantly lower in areas where Lorentz forces and induced voltages occur, resulting in a torque of the instrument at a given instrument current and speed, and in a similar manner for generators. To dangerous levels. In fact, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density B varies almost sinusoidally along the zone and the gap. The gradient of the magnetic flux density B associated therewith results in an exact same effect, i.e., a current overcrowding effect that takes precedence over the lower magnetic flux density B.

In the case of S-ribbons where the position of the inner conductors is relatively fixed, the solution to the above-mentioned problems is that the widths of the relative portions of the ribbons of the zones and the gaps are alternating and in even successive axial segments of the S-ribbon The position of the leading and trailing edges of the ribbon is alternating between one zone and the next zone so that the above-described effects are excluded. Incidentally, having the positions of the leading and trailing edges of the ribbon alternating between one zone and the next zone allows for the ribbon to be rotated at the rotor radius in a turn between successive ribbon segments, for example as suggested in FIGS. 3 and 4. This is done automatically by rotating around a parallel axis but not rotating about its own axis.

According to the invention, another advantageous solution is to form S-ribbons in the form of slightly twisted wire bundles, for example two to five turns, along the length of the rotor body of the gap between the magnet tubes. For this bundle, each wire samples all the magnetic flux values between its two ends. As a result, the current density of the bundle becomes nearly uniform independent of the relative position of the S-ribbon relative to the center of the nearest zone. In this specification, as a protection against eddy currents, the diameter of the wire should not exceed 1/16 inch.

Instrument control

As can be seen in Equation 8, the voltages of the MP-A and MP-T devices are proportional to the rotational speed as in the case of the MP and MP-Plus devices, but in some cases, the current or voltage frequency also depends on the rotational speed. Proportional. Correspondingly, speed control of MP-A and MP-T devices tends to be achieved through frequency control using inverters, while current controls torque as in all members with MP devices. Today, device control through inverters appears to be very powerful for three-phase motors as well as alternating currents from low frequencies to hundreds of Hz. For MP-A and MP-T devices with N _z zones, especially for inverters with rotation speeds of v _v = 400 Hz = 24,000 rpm, the rotational frequency of the device is calculated using voltage / current frequency control. According to Equation 6 and Equation 7 can be controlled to the following values.

If the maximum number of zones is N _z = 200 for the largest equipment, this example yields a control value of v = 120 rpm suitable for the largest equipment.

brush  With your device brush  Relative advantages of unused devices

The basic characteristics of the MP-A device outlined in the above section are independent of the choice of the moving rotor or the magnet tube according to FIGS. 2 and 3. Based on the foregoing description, as shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B, the result of this selection is important because of the relative advantages of brushless operation when the magnet tube rotates and the rotor is at rest. A very important point in this specification is that, as already emphasized, when using a rotating rotor, each S-ribbon requires two brushes (or brush "sites") and two mutually insulated slip rings. In other words, four brush seats and four slip rings for two S-ribbons, and six brush seats and six slip rings for a three-phase machine with stationary magnets. . Fortunately for this connection configuration, unlike simple MP and MP-Plus devices where the width of the brush is limited by the width of the magnet, in this case the brush does not have to be formed too wide in the axial direction. The seat may be spread over at least a substantial portion of the rotating slip ring. Even so, due to the required water access and cooling (Ed. P. G. Slade, New York, 1999) and Marcel Dekker's "Electric Contacts: Principles and Applications. Principles and Applications, see D. Kulman Wilsdorf's "Metal Fiber Brushes", page 20, pages 943-1017), and the brush length in the sliding direction cannot be arbitrarily long. For large machines, it is usually necessary to divide the brush within any one brush position, which in turn requires a corresponding brush holder. Thus, in summary, a complex three-phase machine with six sets of electric brushes and six slip rings for a three-phase power MP-T machine with stationary magnet tubes is impractical with a stationary rotor. May be important in the manufacture of

With regard to the device structure according to FIGS. 2B and 3B, a complicated configuration using a rotating magnet tube which weighs a lot compared to a lightweight rotary rotor is shown to be rather good, or may be nothing. In addition, omitting the slip ring and the brush can have a beneficial effect on the weight and volume of the device. In this respect, therefore, the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two choices described above are as described below.

Rolling magnet tube Stand rotation Rotor  Desirable results

The exclusion of brushes and slip rings has the following advantages:

The length, volume and weight of the device are moderately reduced;

• the principal cost of equipment is somewhat reduced;

The cost of ownership of the device is reduced by an estimated double;

Simplifies cooling of the appliance;

• increased resistance to environmental damage;

• All components are covered with protective sheathing, which increases the ability to operate while submerged, possibly even in continuous operation in sea water;

The possibility of using a plurality of apparatuses is considerably increased by forming sub-units and connecting these sub-units to external components.

Rolling magnet tube Stand rotation Rotor  Undesirable results

Rotation of the magnet tube has the following disadvantages:

At least twice the inertia and anticipated vibrations and mechanical noise;

• Reduced bearing life, partly offsetting lower cost of ownership due to the elimination of electric brushes and slip rings.

Rolling magnet tube Stand rotation Rotor  Neutral results

Changing the rotating rotor to a rotating magnet tube can have a negligible effect on:

Appliance control;

● basic instrument operation;

● basic relationship between the parameters of the appliance;

● Instrument efficiency.

The number of S-ribbons is a factor to increase the advantages of the brush-free MP-A device, for example, while the brush-free MP-T device is particularly strong, but there are few disadvantages according to the number of ribbons. Of particular note in this specification is that all components of the brush-free MP-A and MP-T devices are electrically isolated as described above in the section "Basic Structure and Cooling of MP-A and MP-T Devices" above. Based on the fact that it may be fully protected by treated and chemically inert cladding, in the preferred embodiment it is fully protected, the possibility of the operation of brush-free MP-A and MP-T instruments in a state fully immersed in water, even seawater . The use of MP-A and MP-T devices is a particularly significant advantage for Ford vessel drives. Another problem, as discussed further below, is the power density of MP-T devices relative to simple MP-A and MP-T devices.

Carrying current to the S-ribbon Rotor  Cross section MP -A and MP -T geometry, manufacturing and power density of some of the devices

Based on the foregoing description and list, it is anticipated that MP-A and MP-T devices designed according to FIGS. 2B and 3B will have significant advantages compared to FIGS. 2A, 3A, or similar devices. In particular, as will be described later, the removal of brushes and slip rings reduces the length and volume of the device, as well as the design and ownership costs.

The construction of MP-A and MP-T devices is limited by the anticipated requirements arising from disassembly and reassembly for component assembly and maintenance or repair with components. Therefore, the dubbed "rotor rim", which is a rotor part that protrudes beyond the magnet tube (i.e., the line XX in FIG. 4A), preferably has the same cross-sectional dimensions as the rotor inner part (dubbed "rotor body"). In either case, it is desirable not to have a wider wall width and / or a larger diameter than the rotor body, since the rotor rim interferes with the rotor slide into and out of the machine. According to FIG. 3, an AC device having only one S-ribbon at any one periodic interval between zones has no difficulty due to the above limitations, but has a plurality of S-ribbons. In this case, it becomes a problem because the intersection of the S-ribbons on the outside of the magnet tube is inevitable in order to achieve a connection between adjacent turns of the S-ribbons.

MP-T devices with three S-ribbons at any one periodic interval, in particular with a single rotor, have the greatest practical significance in this specification. By a rotor made up of two or more mechanically fused but electrically insulated rotor layers as shown in FIG. 4, assuming three layers and not divided into sub-units, per periodic interval This is because more S-ribbons can be processed. As soon as an alternating current is applied to the right terminal of the power source 171, as shown by the arrow, a current enters the right terminal of the first layer shown above the XX line, and then reaches N to reach the left terminal of this first rotor layer. First pass along the length of the rotor body at the momentary position of the first zone, turn 360 ° below the line XX at the bottom of the drawing, then return along the second zone, etc. . According to this cable connection, current is also applied to the right terminal of the second layer, and moves again through all the zones of the second layer until it reaches the left terminal of the second layer. Similarly, through the cable as described above, a current is applied to the right terminal of the third layer, until this residue exits the left terminal of the third layer and passes through the cable connection to the power source 171. And cycles back through the first to Nth zones.

Note that the current experiences the same Lorentz force sensation as a whole, with the shaded line moving downwards and the shaded line tilted from the top left to the bottom right as shown in FIG. 4D. In the drawn part, it moves upwards. In this way, the current in its path of travel between the two poles of the power supply 171 causes a "turn" of 3N.

Since the current is alternating, the current direction changes, while the zone moves in the horizontal direction in the direction of FIG. 4D due to the magnetic poles fixed to the rotating magnet tubes 5, 6. The appliance motor control unit must be arranged to synchronize the two effects described above, namely alternating sensation due to the moving zone and alternating AC direction according to the alternating voltage direction supplied by the power source. For clarity, only one S-ribbon per layer for an MP-A device is shown in FIG. 4D, which is operated with simple AC power. By using three S-ribbons as shown in FIGS. 4A and 5, the case of a three-phase device can be deduced directly from FIG. 4D.

In addition to FIG. 4D, as already discussed, the case of three S-ribbons per rotor of an MP-T device is shown in FIGS. 4A-4C and 5. This is illustrated in FIG. 4B, which shows the simplest case requiring a rotor wall width corresponding to at least three S-ribbon thicknesses of the rotor body, but the rotor wall width through mechanical compression as in FIG. 4C. This can be reduced to two S-ribbon thicknesses.

For example, repositioning into a parallelogram slab as shown in FIG. 5B and a simple rectangular bar shape as shown in FIG. 5E may result in rotor cross-sectional area assuming nearly close packing of individual S-ribbons through compression. The volume occupied by the conductors can be increased to 5/6 ^th = 83% or more of FIG. In either case, in order to suppress eddy currents, the insulating material between the S-ribbons a, b, c (as indicated by their relative positions) as well as inside the S-ribbon and inside and outside the rotor The percentage of must be small. In addition, non-conductive components reduce the actual volume occupied by the conductors in the rotor body by up to approximately 94%.

Also, the rotor rim protruding beyond the magnet tube can be reduced to two S-ribbon thicknesses in a much easier way than the rotor body. This is demonstrated in FIG. 4A showing a configuration that prevents the local three layer thickness area resulting from a 180 ° turn in the form of a circular annular ring by narrowing the width of the S-ribbon near the apex of the S-ribbon. . Thus, at a constant outer rotor rim wall thickness, the conductor thickness of the rotor rim may be approximately doubled in the case of only one layer, for example the outermost layer comprising the hole 177. At the same time, the weight is also slightly increased and the electrical resistance is reduced, thereby improving the stability and durability of the insulated screw-in plug 178 and the terminal 176.

MP Possible practical design and manufacture of T-devices

5 shows a modification of FIG. 4. In the present specification, three sets of similar S-ribbons, denoted by reference numerals a, b, c, according to their relative positions, are divided into two layers of thickness (insulation joint between the insulating surface layer 184 on the rotor and the ribbon). In addition, compression is accomplished in a simpler and more efficient manner in FIGS. 5B and 5E than in FIGS. 4B and 4C. Also, the "rotor border" beyond the X-X lines of Figures 4 and 5 is redesigned. That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, the upper rotor rim shown in relation to the rotor body of FIG. 5B includes one or two layers of S-ribbon or none at all, and the thickness of the filling with different thicknesses of one layer. Thicker than As mentioned above, in preferred embodiments, such as in the case where the compressed wall thickness of the rotor body and the rotor edge wall thickness are equal, the metal thickness of each of these layer areas is doubled. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the cross-sectional arrangement of the layers in the joint line in order to allow the rotor edge and the rotor body to be butt jointed along the X-X line. That is, in FIG. 5 showing the case where an S-ribbon having a circumferential width equal to the width of the zone is held in the rotor body, the above adjustment is made by beveling the thickness as shown by the dotted line on the lower left of FIG. Is done through. In this specification, the cross-sectional shape of the S-ribbon inside the rotor body is parallelogram as shown on the left side of FIG. 5B.

By reducing the width of the S-ribbon of the rotor body to 2/3 of the width of the zone and correspondingly adjusting the shape of the S-ribbon of the rotor rim in accordance with FIGS. 5D and 5F, the S-ribbon inside the rotor is shown in FIG. It may be formed as a rectangle as in 5e and 5f. This has the effect of further simplifying the structure of the rotor.

In either case, it may be advantageous according to the invention that the S-ribbon portion inside the rotor body is formed in the form of a somewhat twisted compression bundle of mutually insulated wires of diameter 1/16 inch or less to prevent eddy currents. The particular advantages of these rather twisted wire bundles have already been outlined. The wires in these bundles sample the magnetic flux density within the full S-ribbon width to determine the current from the higher magnetic flux density region, i.e. from the center of the region, to the region where the magnetic flux density is lowered toward or beyond the edge of the region. Prevent periodic movements. Accordingly, wire bundles are expected to reduce electronic noise. In addition, this discussed current shift of the S-ribbon slightly lowers the value of the magnetic flux density (B) of the current path, thus impairing the power density of the device. In addition, according to the present invention, a somewhat twisted compression wire bundle is expected to significantly reduce the design cost of the rotor, because the number of items the wire bundle is assembled into the rotor, i.e., the number of wires or bars of 1/16 inch or less in diameter While reducing, it is considerably stiffer than such wires or bars.

For a more clear description of the geometry described herein, the instantaneous position of the zone, ie the position of the zone at the moment symmetrically with respect to the a-ribbon, is indicated by the horizontal shaded line in FIG. 5E and the diagonal in FIG. 5F. It is shown by the shaded lines.

5A and 5B as well as FIG. 6 are sub-units that may be used to perform the function of an independent device, ie holes 177 and replaceable plugs 178, 195, 196 of FIG. 5D as discussed below. Means for dividing the device is shown. In FIG. 5D and FIG. 5F, the division of the rotor into sub-units is not planned. Thus, although holes and plugs are not shown in FIGS. 5D and 5F, these features can be added immediately. In addition, an insulating barrier 190 as in FIG. 5A is necessary to prevent short circuits between the connections for different outer connections, ie at the " in " and " out " terminals of the subunits. For appliances without subunits, the barrier 190 is only needed at the "in" and "out" appliance terminals, as shown in Figure 5d, i.e. only at the electrical connections to an external three-phase power source (not shown). . Figure 5d shows the "in" and "out" terminals separated by three extra S-ribbons of the edges to significantly reduce the risk of short circuits. This is an additional measure that is strictly optional.

Thicker rigid edge edges are useful for fitting electrical connections and rotor edges. Thus, optionally, for electrical connection to external components such as power sources and power consumers, i.e. for dividing a device into sub-units when a plurality of devices are used, corresponding to multiple, full S-ribbons. The "turn" is ready.

Most simply, the ribbon inside the rotor body, as well as at the rotor rim, extends parallel to one axial length of one continuous length, with a circumferential width of less than 1/16 inch, for example, to suppress eddy currents, as noted above. It can be formed from one element (eg, "wire" or "rod"). However, as implied in Figures 4, 5 and 6 in accordance with the present invention, the preferred rotor is divided into three sections, the so-called rotor body (inside the line XX of Figures 4 and 5), and Figures 4A and 5A. It may be composed of two rotor borders respectively located on both sides of the illustrated XX line. These sections are butt welded in a conductive manner by soldering, conductive adhesive or other suitable method. In addition, in a preferred embodiment comprising sub-units, for example motor (s) and generator (s) and / or transformer components, which may be used mainly independently of one another, the S-ribbon portion of the rotor rim is (i) rigid It may be made of metal, and (ii) an insulating barrier 190 may be provided that electrically separates the subunits, and (iii) between successive "turns" and / or external, such as a power source or receiver, as desired. Releasable " screw-in " plugs 178 (FIG. 5) or " drop-in " plugs 195, 196 and 6 are fitted to make electrical connections to the components. It may also be a hole 177 or slot (which should not be formed circularly as in FIG. 5A or elliptical as in FIG. 5B) that may be lost.

At the butt joint of the rotor body and the rotor rim, measures should be taken to minimize unintended electrical connections between the different elements that reduce the efficiency of the appliance. Preferably, the S-ribbon portion (a) of the rotor rim crosses the conductive joint without forming an unintended electrical connection between the S-ribbon (a) and the S-ribbon (b) or S-ribbon (c). Should be connected to the corresponding S-ribbon part (a) of the rotor body. Likewise, all S-ribbon parts (b, c) are preferably connected in a conductive manner to corresponding S-ribbon parts (b, c) across the conductive joint without forming unintended electrical connections to the other parts. Should be jointed. To this end, according to the present invention, before bonding or soldering the rotor body and the rotor rim in one conductive manner, each of them is engraved with a shallow groove for registration, for example, about 1/8 inch wide and several millimeters deep, approximately 3 mm. The shallow groove may be filled with insulating material.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5F, a plurality of mechanically connected but electrically insulated twisted wire bundles of neighboring rotor bodies are electrically connected to corresponding rigid portions of the rotor rim in an electrically conductive manner. It may also be jointed. In FIG. 5F, three wire bundles are assembled as shown by broken lines, respectively. The advantages of such assembly are as follows. Advantageously, the twisted compression wire bundle is approximately equiaxed and advantageously, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, one dimension of this wire bundle corresponds to the width of the rotor body wall thickness. This parameter is preferably determined in consideration of the overall machine structure, and several different considerations are used to determine the rotor diameter, the number of zones, the zone widths, and the width of the S-ribbon portion of the rotor rim. The discrepancies in the different parts of the optimum predetermined value thus determined can be adjusted more immediately by assembling a plurality of twisted wire bundles as shown by one S-ribbon width of the rotor body.

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 5A, in the preferred embodiment, for the following total instrument length, the width of the rim is only approximately 2 L _m , ie approximately twice the width of the zone, and typically, of the rotor wall width. Note that there is a double level.

Where L is the length of the magnet tube. Under almost all circumstances, the length is considerably shorter than that achievable by brushed MP devices with associated slip rings, including MP-Plus devices.

Instead of stacked or otherwise divided S-ribbon sections, a simple structure is possible, as pointed out of the rotor rim comprising a rigid material, for example in the shape as shown in FIG. 4A or 5A, or similar. This is because no eddy current barrier is needed outside the flux zone. However, in the simple butt joint of the rotor rim and the S-ribbon part (a) and similar S-ribbon parts (b, c) of the rotor body, in order to prevent current overcrowding in the region of low magnetic flux, The reversal features as described above of the front and rear edges of the S-ribbon disappear. As a result, a significant portion of the machine torque can be lost as the rigid portion of the rotor rim allows for current transfer between the ribbon portion inside and outside the zone.

According to the present invention, the problem as described above is a diameter of less than 1/16 inch of mutually insulated, mutually insulated, compacted, extruded or rolled in the form of ribbon sections a, b, c. This is prevented by forming the ribbon sections a, b, c of the rotor body with the wire bundles to have (even if the configuration in Fig. 5B is selected). When the wire is smooth, circular, and bonded together with a thin insulating adhesive layer that softens, for example, above the appliance operating temperature of 100 ° C. or higher, compression or rolling as in FIGS. 4B and 5B is promoted and the bundle is adhesive Is shaped while heated to a temperature where it is moderately softened. In order to prevent the movement of current as discussed from the zone to the gap between the zones, the bundle must have at least one complete twist or any more twists along the length L of the magnet tube. This is because these twists equalize the disturbance (effective resistance) across the S-ribbon cross section.

Because of this property, the cross-section of the twisted fiber bundles tends to be equiaxed, so compression into the elongated cross-sections of the S-ribbons (a, b) of FIG. 4c and the stepped cross-sections of FIGS. It may be. If so and for some reason cross-sectional compression is advantageous, the S-ribbon may be designed as a substantially equiaxed rectangular cross section fitted with a conductive adhesive, for example, as shown by the dotted line on the right side of FIG. 5B. The simplest form may be the parallelogram form shown on the left side of FIG. 5B.

The instrument use temperature may be limited by the softening temperature of the adhesive of the S-ribbon. However, the operating temperature of all types of MP appliances is limited to temperatures which, in any case, lead to a decrease in magnetization of the permanent magnets. Therefore, according to the invention, not only the softening temperature of the adhesive of the S-ribbon but also the bonding adhesive softening temperature inside the S-unit and into the rotor body, and the softening temperature of the matrix of the rotor body and the rotor rim and / or the surface cover material This does not have to be significantly higher than the expected use temperature of the MP-A and MP-T equipment, but below the temperature at which the permanent magnets begin to degrade.

Different instrument functions via subunits, optionally and / or simultaneously

Until now, it has been believed that the S-ribbon must pass through all zones about the rotor once, starting and ending at close positions, for example, in neighboring zones, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. This is an unnecessary restriction, rather generally, a single S-ribbon may enclose the rotor n times, where the number n is less than or greater than one. In contrast, a plurality of S-ribbons may be included in a single rotor. That is, the S-ribbons of a single circuit around the rotor may be broken down into a predetermined number of sections. In addition, a plurality of mutually isolated S-ribbons may be arranged on top of each other in the rotor. Similarly, the start and end points of the two S-ribbons may be located in neighboring areas or at predetermined locations.

Importantly, any successive part of the S-ribbon, ie the part through which current may flow independently of the other continuous part of the S-ribbon, may be used as a "sub-unit" which may be used as an individual motor, generator or transformer winding. In this respect, the current of these subunits is individually controllable and its voltage is proportional to the number of passages formed along the separate zones included in the subunits. This concept, in which patent protection has already been claimed for the MP instrument (Ref. 1) and the MP-Plus instrument (Ref. 2), also applies to the MP-A and MP-T instruments according to the invention.

The insulating barrier 190 of FIGS. 5 and 6 has an end of the sub-unit on the one hand on an S-ribbon, respectively provided on both rotor rims, as shown for one rim in FIGS. 5 and 6, on the other hand. It is a means for selectively setting only one rotor edge and only one position around the rotor circumference. The latter case is shown in Figures 3a and 3b. In these figures, the interruption of the S-ribbons differs from the shape of the barrier 190 of FIGS. 5 and 6 in terms of morphology, not functional. According to the invention, therefore, by providing a barrier 190 at each end of each zone, any one S-ribbon is separated into as many subunits as the number of zones through which the Lorentz force crosses when the Lorentz force is generated. It can also be chosen. However, in the brush-using device as shown in FIG. 3A, the use of any one sub-unit consisting of S-ribbon sections requires two brushes and two slip rings, such as two or more sub-units, It can only be implemented in a brush-free device as shown in FIG. 3B where the unit is connected between two terminals 176 and the terminals are not connected to two or more sub-units.

5 and 6 illustrate a simple method for providing a terminal equivalent to the terminal 176 of FIG. 3B. In the present specification, for the sake of clarity, the metal parts are indicated by straight parallel shaded lines, and the insulators are indicated by crossed parallel line patterns.

As a first step, FIG. 5C shows a " screw-in " plug that establishes a low resistance permanent electrical connection between S-ribbon portions 172 (l) and 172 (r) that are isolated by barrier 190. FIG. Is shown. The plug 178 having the conductive body is temporarily in contact with the respective S-ribbon portions about its entire circumference to establish an electrical connection between the S-ribbon portions 192 (l) and 192 (r), thereby providing a temporary connection. Alternatively, or permanently, the S-ribbon can not be separated into adjacent subunits. In addition, the plug of the modification may be used to establish the connection of the S-ribbon port to the external electrical component.

Advantages of the screw-in type plug 178 include considerably simple geometry, low boundary resistance between the two S-ribbon parts, and lock-nut washers or other to prevent the nut 179 from loosening in use. Robust permanent installation using nuts 179 on insulated screwed ends 193, optionally provided by means. However, this permanent installation does not establish contact correlation between the plug and left to right and top to bottom. In addition, if the cable to the outside is to be attached to the screw-in plug, the cable tends to twist during installation and removal.

Thus, as a second step, the shape of the hole 177 is changed to the tapered ellipse shown in FIG. 5, and the “screw-in” plug 178 is a “drop-in” plug 195, 196 or a variant thereof. Replaced by an example. Keeping the insulated screwed ends 193 and nuts together with tapered holes ensures low contact resistance without screwing as in plug 178. In particular, the plugs 195 and 196 of FIGS. 6B and 6C show a convenient way to make connections to other subunits and / or external components such as power supplies, motors and generators in the same device. In the case of plug 196 (FIG. 6C), electrical is provided via insulated cable 40l from / to one side of the S-ribbon (in this case part 192 (l) of S-ribbon) On the other hand, the plug 195 of Figure 6b, on the other hand, has a cable 40 (l), 40 (r) from / to both sides (i.e., portions 192 (l), 192 (r)). Independent connections are made through)).

In Fig. 6A, the shape of the hole 177 is arbitrarily determined, ie in this case elliptical. Other shapes, such as polygons or slots, or combinations of straight and circular portions of the perimeter may be selected. This prominent feature starts from a rotationally symmetrical form compared to the hole 177 and plug 178 of FIG. In practice, the shape of the hole 177 is chosen based on additional considerations such as cost, easy installation, replacement and replacement during operation of the instrument, minimization of possible errors in installation, replacement and exchange, and internal resistance size.

The drop-in nature of the plugs 195 and 196 of FIG. 6 prevents entanglement while generally preventing steric interference with and within the cable. The cable is shown to be insulated. This insulation is virtually automatic in accordance with electrical engineering practice, but in this case the material of the insulating cap 191 sealed against the barrier 190 and the outer insulation sheath 184 of the ribbon portion 172; There is a characteristic of being fused. Such fusion or tight joints can be effectively sealed to atmospheric fluids and, therefore, especially as pumps (eg, FIGS. 7 and 8) in particularly inadequate environments, such as when fully immersed in seawater or perhaps in chemical plants. If it works, it is essential for the long-term service capability of the device. For this same reason, ie for effective sealing against atmospheric fluids, the contact surface of cap 191 and washer 179 is advantageously aligned in line with a suitable elastomer, for example Viton ^® .

The use of subunits is already discussed in detail, ie references 1 and 2. In the case of the present application, therefore, a brief summary may be sufficient. Every subunit carries a voltage according to the number of zones through which the current crosses, either as a generator or as a motor. That is, the induced voltage between the ends of the S-ribbon section of the rotor with the magnet length L, which extends over the N _zs zones of the magnetic flux density B and rotates at the surface velocity v _r , is expressed as .

The particular S-ribbon under consideration is any other sub, except that all subunits of the instrument usually have the same magnetic flux density (B), magnet length (L), diameter (D) and velocity (v) values. It is essentially independent of the unit. Thus, the voltage applied to or carried by the different subunits of the device is proportional to N _zs , ie the number of zones extending over a particular subunit. Thus, a predetermined motor can be driven from two or more different voltage sources having different voltages at a fixed speed. This may be useful at constant speed, ie in variations of "magnetic field weakening" such as boosting the power of the device.

In multiple uses of the subunits, measures may be taken to ensure that the rotor is not balanced through uneven currents of the different subunits causing corresponding different forces and stressing around the circumference of the rotor. To this end, it may be best to enclose the entire number of S-ribbons, especially at low rotational speeds. Alternatively, for example, three consecutive S-ribbons, each about 1/3 of the rotor circumference, may be used. Alternatively, use five consecutive S-ribbons with a total length of two rotor circumferences and all with the same current. Alternatively, use three pairs of S-ribbons, each consisting of two similar S-ribbons distributed over one rotor circumference. For example, two pairs of S-ribbons may be 45 ° apart, 60 ° apart for the other pair, and 30 ° apart for the third pair, for a total of 2 X (45 ° + 60 ° + 30 °) = 270 °, leaving the rotor circumference in the 90 ° range without the S-ribbon. In this specification, the free space between the ribbon as well as the S-ribbon is preferably distributed in a paired interaction manner so as to intersect radially with each other, almost equalizing the forces and stresses around the rotor and the magnet tube.

Again, by mutual electrical isolation as observed between the ribbon and its respective paired terminals (terminal 176n according to FIG. 3B), each S-ribbon functions like an independent motor or generator. Thus, assuming that all S-ribbons operating in motor mode are supplied with the same frequency and that all S-ribbons are in the same phase for alternating current or appropriate phase for three-phase current, the terminals are independent power supplies. It may be connected to or to power an independent power consumer. Thus, as the generator can provide different voltages to different circuits and can supply electricity to the heater, one large appliance may drive the ship propellers simultaneously. The concept of simultaneous use of a plurality of such devices has already been proposed in reference 2 for a simple co-polar MP device such as an MP-Plus device using so-called "radial zigzag". However, both cases require a large number of brushes and brush holders.

In one example application of the independent subunit already given in Reference 2, 1200V, i.e. 120 zones, are provided to rotate the variable pitch propeller by a wide range of torque supplied through a control current at a constant speed of 100 rpm. For example, a large 1440V MP-A lathe drive device including 144 zones is contemplated. Here, of the remaining 24 zones, 22 zones can be provided to supply 220V alternating current for the use of the so-called hotel use of the ship, and the last two zones provide 20V alternating current to the emergency circuit which can be rectified by direct current. Can be. This configuration also allows the propellers to idle while anchored at the port but still allows current to be supplied, or in case of emergency demands, for example in warships that prevent submarine threats. By connecting four zones and twenty zones in series, all the power can be converted to propellers, allowing the propellers to run faster. Alternatively, it is possible to increase the "hotel" power of the propeller power consumption or to generate extra power for cannons or catapults. In fact, there are almost no restrictions on the use of independent subunits.

More commonly, in the case of only a single mode of use, or in some cases, such as in “magnetic field weakening,” allow the S-ribbon to extend over a certain number of “turns”, ie, to pass through any number of zones. The opportunity to do so allows considerable flexibility in the design of MP-A and MP-T devices to meet user specifications such as rotational speed, voltage and current. This may be achieved by selectively connecting the inputs or outputs of the different S-ribbons in series or in parallel, and in some cases by selectively switching during operation of the device since the terminal 176 is permanently at rest.

MP -A and MP Expected device efficiency and power density for T-devices

Highly desirable device efficiency and power density of MP and MP-Plus instruments are based on the fact that different rotor designs and power changes, i.e. no change and brushes caused by changes from direct current to alternating current and three-phase current, are used. Is adapted to MP-A and MP-T equipment without any adjustment.

(i) When the power and torque of direct current and alternating current are the same, there is no difference in efficiency due to direct current versus alternating current and three-phase current per second, as well as the peak current of alternating current and the voltage is √2 times larger than that of direct current.

(ii) With regard to the rotor structure, in the case of a single S-ribbon type MP-A instrument, only half of the rotor body has a conductor, whereas an MP-T instrument with a relocated compressed S-ribbon (FIG. 5B). Note that in an AC device with two S-ribbons), as in the shape of or other forms), the conductor may occupy the entire rotor body except for the surface and internal insulation layers. This is equivalent to 94% of the conductors in the rotors of MP and MP-Plus devices. In the former case, taking into account an average "rotor utilization" of 1/2 X 94% = 47% for approximately 50% of the rotor volume, direct current operation provides a continuous current to the zone. Similarly, at any moment, for the same 1/2 X 94% = 47% current utilization, only about 50% of the rotor body of the MP-T device is in the zone. There is no significant difference in terms of rotor body conductivity between MP and MP-Plus devices over MP-T devices. However, MP-A devices with only one S-ribbon utilize the rotor only approximately 25%.

(iii) MP-A and MP-T devices without brushes have advantages over MP and MP-Plus devices due to their rather short length. The two edges of these appliances increase the length of the appliance to a level of only 4 L _m , which is generally shorter than the width of the slip ring. As can be seen from a previously written table that covers the size and speed of a wide range of MP-Plus instruments, the rotor length addition rate obtained by replacing the slip ring to the rotor rim is 10 % Level. In addition, by eliminating brush electrical resistance and friction, brush-free MP-A and MP-T devices have the advantage of greatly reducing the loss of the device. Finally, more importantly, the extra cost investment and cost of ownership of slip rings and electric brushes are detrimental to MP and MP-Plus devices.

As a result, brushless MP-T over MP-Plus instruments and MP-A instruments using two ribbons are expected to have moderate advantages in power-to-weight ratio. This advantage is independent of the expected power density improvement of all MP devices by optimizing the magnet arrangement over the Holbach array, which has been considered exclusively to date. In addition, brush-free MP-A and MP-T machines according to the present invention are expected to have lower principal and cost of ownership.

MP -A and MP -T of the device Inertia  And maximum speed

Compared with the moving rotor 2, the inertia forces acting on the bearing 35 and the instrument axis 10 due to the moving magnet tubes 5, 6 are approximately proportional to the rotational mass. Quite broadly speaking, the mass of the three tubes in question is similar, so that the inertial forces and the resulting stresses are approximately twice the inertial forces and stresses by the moving magnet tubes than by the moving rotors. This difference particularly affects the life of the low friction bearing 3 of FIGS. 2 and 3.

The speed of simple MP and MP-Plus instruments is limited by the maximum brush slide speed. Typically, with a consistent basis, this speed is approximately 40 m / sec and may be as high as 60 m / sec. In contrast, the speed of brushless MP-A and MP-T machines is limited by the hoop stress of the magnet tube resulting from the rotating mass, ie the centrifugal force of the magnet, the magnetic flux return and the structural material. The following simple induction formula shows the maximum rotational speed of the brush-free MP-A and MP-T instruments, which is reasonably higher than due to the brush sliding speed as described below.

The diameter and average wall thickness of the magnet tube under consideration are D and H, respectively. In addition, the minimum wall thickness of the tube in the middle between two neighboring magnets where the tensile stress due to centrifugal force is maximum, for example, is FH. Here, F can be represented as F = 1/2 due to the cooling channel, for example. In addition, the average mechanical density of the tubing material is d = 7,500 kg / m ³ , which is suitable for high-end permanent magnets and magnetic flux return portions used as tubular matrix materials. The highest tensile stress cross-sectional area of the magnet tube, the most likely to fail, is as follows.

Along with the correlated cross-sectional area, ie cross-sectional area (2A _c ) opposite the tube 180 ° apart, the magnet tube must support the centrifugal force (mv ² / r) component of the magnet tube mass in the normal direction and the other half of the centrifugal force Indicates.

According to equation (5), r = D / 2 and v is the circumferential velocity v _r , ie v = v _r = πDv, where v is the rotational frequency of the device. In addition, in view of the point of L _m < L, the tensile stress cross-sectional area of the two parts is as follows.

The mass is subjected to the following centrifugal force.

The normal component of the centrifugal force per unit length acting on the cross-sectional area 2A _c is as follows.

Therefore, the resulting tensile stress on the cross-sectional area most likely to fail is as follows.

In terms of numbers, using the entire mks system, F = 1/2 and d = 7500kg / m ³ , the following values are calculated:

or

으로 예상된다. 이렇게 해서 표면 속도 및 회전 주파수의 관점에서의 MP-A 및 MP-T 기기의 최대 안전 속도는 다음과 같다.Typical safety values for tensile stress in magnet tube materials are

Is expected. In this way, the maximum safe speeds of MP-A and MP-T devices in terms of surface speed and rotation frequency are as follows.

Also

Thus, the centrifugal force acting on the rotating magnet tube allows for higher surface speeds, i.e. v _rmax 8 = 2 m / sec, correspondingly higher MP-A and MP-T instruments than with an electric brush sliding on the slip ring. Allow a higher rotational frequency of. For example, the smallest MP-A and MP-T devices with a rotor diameter of 0.1 m can operate up to 260 Hz = 15,600 RPM, while the largest devices with a rotor diameter of 3 m can operate up to 8.7 Hz = 520 RPM. have. In this respect, MP-A and MP-T devices are superior to MP and MP-Plus devices.

On the other hand, however, at the highest rotational speed, the current frequency is as follows.

Thus, whether or not device control based on inverters discussed in the device control section is appropriate depends on the number N _z of zones per rotor. If the limit value is v _v = 400 Hz as suggested in the above section, the highest mechanically acceptable speed limits N _z according to Eq. 21 and Eq.

Where D is in meters. Thus, the device can limit the rotational speed, not the mechanical strength of the magnet tube.

Flare Rotor  With and / or without central axis MP -A and MP -T appliance

As demonstrated in FIGS. 6 to 8, which respectively reproduce FIGS. 20 to 22 of Reference 2, for example, the instrument is particularly suitable, as is appropriate when the internal propeller or impeller 85 is mounted to the MP instrument. In order to reduce the weight of the device, the central axis 10 may be eliminated to lower the cost of the device and / or to provide a fluid flow passage inside the device. 6 to 8 also, the MP rotor need not be a simple cylindrical with constant rotor diameter and a flared rotor (Figs. 6 and 7) with a matching magnet tube, or a barrel shaped rotor (Fig. 8), or indeed It has been demonstrated that it may comprise a cylindrical rotor of rotationally symmetrical type.

The manufacture of a simple regular shaped cylindrical rotor equipped with a magnet tube poses a problem for the MP machine structure. Moreover, a device comprising a matching magnet tube and a rotor that is simply not cylindrical or monotonically increases in diameter in one direction requires partial assembly.

That is, FIGS. 6 and 7 show the use of an MP device with a flared rotor as a pump or fluid driven generator using a propeller / impeller 85 inside the device body, while FIG. 8 shows the MP device on the outside. It is shown that it can provide a driving force through the propeller (85) extending to.

The examples shown in FIGS. 7-9 all relate to designs using stationary magnet tubes, thus requiring an electric brush. The manufacture of such a brush free device requires a change corresponding to the difference between FIGS. 2A and 2B. When the shaft 10 is deleted as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the seat is a stationary external component equivalent to the base plate 19 and the shaft support 23 of FIG. 2, namely FIGS. 7 and 8. It may be filled with bedrock, and the support from this component 25 is suspended as shown in FIG.

As in the case of all MP-A and MP-T device designs according to the invention, the "axially extending" zone is a straightforward and parallel to the axis of rotation, although it is a preferred option, but not necessarily so. Rather, if the S-ribbons of the rotor periodically overlap with these zones, alternately with the gaps between neighboring zones, these zones may be somewhat spiral or wave-like.

Possible placement of magnetization sources of magnetic tubes

As already pointed out, the magnetization source placement of the magnet tube creating zones inside the rotor is optional, as is the nature of the magnet tube. The magnetization source may be an electromagnetic magnet, but the foregoing discussion is centered on the permanent magnet, with the Holbach arrangement as shown in FIG. 10A being the focus of attention. However, in a wider variation, nonmagnetic materials 130, such as plastics, rosin or ceramics, shown in dashed patterns, and magnetically ductile iron alloys, such as FeSi, for example, shown in short wavy lines Arrangements as in the examples given in FIGS. 10B, 10C and 10D using the magnetic flux return material 131 and finally the permanent magnet material 132 as shown by the longer lines are also possible.

summary

Newly developed MP-A and MP-T devices generate or respond to alternating or three-phase currents at controllable frequencies. Other isolated rotor obtained by the method in these devices includes at least one conductive "S- Ribbon" having the N _s of similar axially extending section overlapping the N _s neighbors a "zone" in the desired position. When the MP-A device is rotated, AC electromagnetic induction is caused, and when the MP-T device is rotated, a three-phase current is caused. For "non-brush" MP-A and MP-T instruments, the rotor remains stationary and the magnet tube rotates. Accordingly, the rotor may be provided with a plurality of terminals, which may be connected to an external component such as a power supply and / or a sink, without requiring a slip ring and a brush. The zone between any two neighboring terminals represents an independent “sub unit” which may be used as an equivalent of a motor, generator or transformer winding, the voltage of which subunit being dependent on the number of zones between the terminals. Proportional. The expected power density of MP-A and MP-T devices with two brushless S-ribbons is somewhat better than that of the corresponding MP-Plus device. Brushless MP-A and MP-T instruments can operate in inadequate fluids, eg seawater, if protected by an insulating corrosion-resistant cladding.

Claims (14)

A plurality of magnetic field sources surrounding the outer and inner sides of the current conducting rotor; The rotor has a rotor wall of substantially constant thickness; The magnetic field source sets a magnetic flux density in a plurality of regularly spaced axially extending regions of the rotor wall; The magnetic flux densities are alternating radially between neighboring zones; The rotor wall comprises at least one conductive elongate S-ribbon; The S-ribbon is formed such that when the rotor rotates relative to the source of magnetic field, it alternately substantially overlaps with a plurality of adjacent zones and gaps between these zones. An electrical appliance that can act as a transformer. 2. The electric motor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnetic field sources are permanent magnets attached to an outer magnet tube and an inner magnet tube to pair-wise face across the wall of the rotor. An electrical appliance that can act as an electrical generator, or an electrical transformer. 3. The electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotor has a cylindrical shape symmetric about a predetermined axis of rotation and the line between the correlated points on the two ends of the rotor can be straight or curved. An electrical appliance that can operate as a motor, electric generator, or electrical transformer. 4. An electrical device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the outer magnet tube and the inner magnet tube are stationary and the rotor is rotatable. 4. An electrical device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the outer magnet tube and the inner magnet tube are rotatable and the rotor is stationary. The method of claim 1, wherein all surfaces of the rotor and the magnet tube are painted, varnish, for use of the device in aggressive fluids, including, for example, seawater. An electric machine capable of operating as an electric motor, electric generator, or electric transformer, characterized by being protected with a lacquer or other protective covering. The electrical device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the cooling fluid passes through the channel between the radial magnets. 6. The electrical system of claim 4 or 5, wherein the at least one S-ribbon is formed of at least one wire bundle that has been twisted and compressed. device. 6. An electrical device as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the rotor comprises a plurality of S-ribbon section portions made of a rigid metal. 6. The rotor of claim 4 or 5, wherein the rotor comprises at least one joint between a rotor portion comprising an S-ribbon portion made of wire and a rotor portion comprising an S-ribbon portion made of rigid metal. An electric device that can operate as an electric motor, an electric generator, or an electric transformer. 11. An electric motor, an electric generator, or an electric transformer according to any one of claims 5, 9 and 10, characterized in that the plurality of S-ribbons are subdivided into sub-units by providing an insulating barrier. Electrical appliances that can. 12. An electrical device as claimed in claim 11 wherein the subunit is provided with a plug for connecting the selected subunit to a selected external electrical component. 4. An electric motor, electric generator, or electric transformer according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotor consists of a set of concentric rotor layers mechanically fused but electrically insulated. Electrical appliances. 4. An electrical device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the rotor comprises a plurality of twisted and compressed wire bundle layers.

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