KR20080043601A - Micro-lens array sheet and liquid crystal display using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A micro lens array sheet and a liquid crystal display device are provided to efficiently change viewing angle characteristics and to reduce a total thickness. A micro lens array sheet includes a micro lens layer(110) and a switching barrier(120). A plurality of micro lenses are arranged on the micro lens layer. The switching barrier is disposed in a lower portion of the micro lens layer. The switching barrier collects light emitted to the micro lens layer in an opaque state and diffuses the light emitted to the micro lens layer in a transparent state. The switching barrier includes upper and lower substrates, first and second electrodes, an electric discoloration layer, and an electrolyte layer. The upper and lower substrates are spaced apart from each other. The first and second electrodes are formed on the upper and lower substrates, respectively. The electric discoloration layer is discolored according to an electric field. A space between the first and second electrodes is filled with the electrolyte layer.

Description

Micro-lens array sheet and liquid crystal display using the same

1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a liquid crystal display according to the related art.

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of a microlens array sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a perspective view of the microlens array sheet shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

4 is a detailed configuration diagram of the switching barrier shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

5A and 5B are graphs showing viewing angle characteristics of the microlens array sheet shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

6 is a cross-sectional view of a microlens array sheet according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the microlens array sheet shown in FIG. 6.

8 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

(Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawing)

100, 200: microlens array sheet 110, 210: microlens layer

120, 220: switching barrier 300: liquid crystal panel

400: light source

The present invention relates to a microlens array sheet and a liquid crystal display using the same, and more particularly, to a microlens array sheet capable of wide viewing angle / narrow viewing angle control and a liquid crystal display using the same.

The liquid crystal display device forms a liquid crystal layer having anisotropic dielectric constant between upper and lower substrates, which are transparent insulating substrates, and then adjusts the intensity of the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer to change the molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal material. The display device expresses a desired image by adjusting the amount of light transmitted through the upper substrate. As a liquid crystal display device, a thin film transistor liquid crystal display device (TFT LCD) using a thin film transistor (TFT) as a switching element is mainly used.

1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a liquid crystal display according to the related art. In particular, FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a case in which a liquid crystal display having a view angle control type is driven in a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode, respectively.

The basic principle of the viewing angle control method shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is as follows.

First, a liquid crystal panel having a transverse electric field structure having a wide viewing angle is configured for image display, a liquid crystal panel for adjusting the viewing angle is added to the upper or lower portion of the liquid crystal panel, and then the added liquid crystal panel is driven to narrow the wide viewing angle. To adjust the viewing angle mode. The liquid crystal panel added for adjusting the viewing angle basically has a function of not harming the wide viewing angle of the liquid crystal panel displaying an image and a function of inducing a narrow viewing angle necessary in terms of security or privacy.

1A and 1B, the liquid crystal panel including the first liquid crystal layer 80 is a panel for adjusting the viewing angle, and the liquid crystal panel including the second liquid crystal layer 90 is a panel for displaying an image to have a wide viewing angle. .

If no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 80, the liquid crystal molecules 81 are arranged in parallel to the two substrates 10 and 21 to maintain the original wide viewing angle, thereby forming a wide viewing angle mode, and thus, the first liquid crystal layer 80. ), The liquid crystal molecules 81 are arranged perpendicular to the two substrates 10 and 21, and the viewing angle is reduced, thereby entering the narrow viewing angle mode.

1A and 1B, the first, second, third, and fourth substrates 10, 21, 22, and 30 are disposed in parallel to each other, and the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 21 are arranged in parallel. Transparent electrodes 70 and 60 are formed to face each other on the inner surface of each other, and two linear electrodes 40 and 50 are formed parallel to each other on the upper surface of the third substrate 22.

The first and second liquid crystal layers 80 and 90 are formed between the first substrate 10, the second substrate 21, the third substrate 22, and the fourth substrate 30, respectively.

The liquid crystal panel including the first and second substrates 10 and 21 and the first liquid crystal layer 80 between the two substrates 10 and 21 is a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel capable of adjusting a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle. .

In the state where no electric field is applied, as shown in FIG. 1A, the liquid crystal molecules 81 of the first liquid crystal layer 80 are aligned in parallel with the first and second substrates 10 and 21. In the wide viewing angle mode as shown in FIG. 1A, the liquid crystal molecules 91 of the second liquid crystal layer 90 are also aligned in the same direction, and thus have the same viewing angle as that of the liquid crystal display having a general transverse electric field structure having one liquid crystal panel. It does not affect other characteristics of the transverse electric field structure.

On the outer surfaces of the first substrate 10 and the third substrate 30, two polarizing plates 11 and 31 are respectively attached to polarize the light passing therethrough. At this time, the transmission axis directions of the polarizing plates 11 and 31 are arranged to be perpendicular or parallel to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 81 and 91.

FIG. 1B illustrates a case where the liquid crystal display of FIG. 1A is used in the narrow viewing angle mode.

When a voltage is applied to the two transparent electrodes 70 and 60 to form an electric field in the vertical direction between the first and second substrates 10 and 21, the liquid crystal molecules 81 of the first liquid crystal layer 80 are filled with the electric field. Are arranged perpendicular to the two substrates 10 and 21 along the direction of. In this case, the liquid crystal molecules 82 adjacent to the two substrates 10 and 21 are arranged in parallel to the two substrates 10 and 21 because the orientation force due to rubbing is greater than the force exerted by the electric field.

In this narrow viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules 81 arranged perpendicular to the two substrates 10 and 21 do not affect the retardation of light traveling to the front of the two substrates 10 and 21.

However, as the polarized light passes through the first liquid crystal layer 80 made of the liquid crystal molecules 81, the polarization state is changed by a delay. The rain decreases and the viewing angle is narrowed. That is, by applying an electric field to the first liquid crystal layer 80 added for the viewing angle control, the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display is lowered to narrow the viewing angle.

As described above, since the narrow viewing angle and the wide viewing angle mode may be switched through one liquid crystal display, the viewing angle characteristic may be changed as necessary.

However, when the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device is adjusted through such a structure, since a separate liquid crystal panel for adjusting the viewing angle is used in addition to the liquid crystal panel displaying an image, the overall thickness of the liquid crystal display device is excessively increased.

In addition, a cost or a manufacturing process is additionally generated, and it is difficult to perform a process such as rubbing, scribing, or bonding the substrate.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a microlens array sheet replacing the liquid crystal panel in order to control the viewing angle, and to provide a slimmer and thinner liquid crystal display using the same.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a microlens array sheet that implements a wide viewing angle / narrow viewing angle mode and a liquid crystal display device using the same within a range of not deteriorating front luminance or other operating characteristics.

Technical problems to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned technical problems, and other technical problems not mentioned above will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. Could be.

The microlens array sheet according to the present invention for achieving the above technical problem is located at the bottom of the microlens layer, the microlens layer in which a plurality of microlenses are arranged, the color change is controlled according to the magnitude of the applied voltage, And a switching barrier for condensing light exiting the microlens layer in an opaque state and diffusing light exiting the microlens layer in a transparent state.

In addition, the liquid crystal display according to the present invention controls a light source for generating light, a microlens layer in which a plurality of microlenses are arranged, and condensation or diffusion of light transmitted through the microlens layer according to the magnitude of an applied voltage. And a microlens array sheet having a switching barrier to condense or diffuse light emitted from the light source, and a liquid crystal panel disposed in front of the microlens array sheet to focus light refracted from the microlens array sheet.

Specific details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description and the drawings. Advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will be apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail with the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

Hereinafter, a microlens array sheet and a liquid crystal display using the same according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of a microlens array sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a plan view of the microlens array sheet shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

2A to 3, the microlens array sheet 100 includes a microlens layer 110 and a switching barrier 120.

The microlens layer 110 is composed of a substrate 111 and a plurality of microlenses 112 arranged at regular intervals on the substrate 111.

The switching barrier 120 functions as an aperture positioned under the microlens layer 110 to adjust the amount of light passing through the microlens 112 and uses an electrochromic material discolored according to the magnitude of the voltage. The light condensing and diffusion of the light emitted to the microlens layer 110 is controlled.

The electrochromic material is controlled to be discolored according to the magnitude of the applied voltage to become a transparent / opaque state. The switching barrier 120 having such an electrochromic material condenses the light emitted to the microlens layer 110 in the opaque state. The light emitted to the microlens layer 110 in the transparent state is diffused.

That is, in order to implement a narrow viewing angle mode in which light is focused and a wide viewing angle mode in which light is diffused, the microlenses 112 are arranged at regular intervals, and the lower portion of the microlenses 112 is controlled to control the direction of light. The switching barrier 120 is disposed.

Here, a dome type lens having a spherical cross section is used as the microlens 112 constituting the microlens layer 110, and the switching barrier 120 has a focus portion of each microlens 112. An opening 120_1 in the form of a corresponding pin-hole is formed.

2A and 2B illustrate the operation of the microlens array sheet 100 in the narrow viewing angle mode in which light is focused and the wide viewing angle mode in which light is diffused, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 2A, the electrochromic material included in the switching barrier 120 is discolored into an opaque state, and thus light that travels from the bottom to the top of the microlens array sheet 100 is focused in the front direction to narrow the narrow viewing angle mode. Is implemented.

The opening 120_1 on the switching barrier 120 formed to correspond to the focus portion of each microlens 112 serves to condense light.

Here, when the light emitting diode is used as the light source 400, the light source 400 is a point light source, the light emitted to the point light source is straight ahead by the microlens 112. In addition, since the switching barrier 120 discolored to the opaque state functions as a light shielding film, a change in front luminance does not occur. In this case, when the switching barrier 120 is treated with a reflective film, the reflected light may be recycled.

Referring to FIG. 2B, the electrochromic material included in the switching barrier 120 maintains a transparent state, and thus light emitted from the lower portion of the microlens array sheet 100 is diffused in various directions to implement a wide viewing angle mode. do.

As such, the light collecting characteristic of the microlens array sheet 100 is controlled by using the switching barrier 120 performing the function of an aperture while utilizing the light collecting characteristic of the microlens array sheet 100 capable of high light collection.

2A and 2B, the control of the viewing angle will be described in more detail as follows.

For convenience, the electrochromic material maintains an opaque state as shown in FIG. 2A when the highest voltage (for example, 3 to 4V) is applied, and remains transparent as shown in FIG. 2B when the lowest voltage (for example, 0V) is applied. As an example, the operation of the switching barrier 120 will be described.

2A absorbs visible light in an opaque state and controls the reaction of the switching barrier 120 to transmit visible light in a transparent state as shown in FIG. 2B with an electric field, thereby selectively controlling the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode. Can be.

In FIG. 2A, the switching barrier 120 absorbs visible light in the front direction to reduce the transmittance in the lateral direction without affecting the front transmittance. That is, when the switching barrier 120 is in an opaque state to perform the light absorption function, the optical path in the viewing angle direction (lateral direction) is blocked to implement the narrow viewing angle.

In this case, the switching barrier 120 transmits light only through the opening 120_1 positioned in the focus portion of the microlens 112, and blocks the light in other portions.

The switching barrier 120 passes the light incident from the front through the opening 120_1, and each of the microlenses 112 condenses the light emitted through the opening 120_1 located at the focal point, thereby ensuring front transmittance. .

2B illustrates a transmission state of the switching barrier 120. The switching barrier 120 does not affect the viewing angle so that the wide viewing angle mode is implemented.

Conventional apertures serve to block the optical path in the front direction, and have a structure in which blocking / transmission cannot be selected. In contrast, the switching barrier 120 of the present invention using the electrochromic material can select the wide viewing angle / narrow viewing angle mode by selecting the transparent / opaque state, and serves to block the optical path only in the narrow viewing angle mode which becomes the opaque state. do.

As such, by using the plurality of microlenses 112 disposed at regular intervals and the switching barrier 120 below the light, the light condensation or diffusion may be controlled, and thus the viewing angle characteristics may be varied to adjust the viewing angle characteristics and the wide viewing angle mode. Both narrow viewing angle modes can be implemented.

Two layers for condensing or diffusing light, that is, the microlens layer 110 and the switching barrier 120 may be manufactured in a thin film into a unified film type, and thus various applications are possible. The light can be focused or diffused without a separate liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control.

In addition, the microlens array sheet 100 may be manufactured in a removable film type for convenience of use.

4 is a detailed configuration diagram of the switching barrier shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

Referring to FIG. 4, the switching barrier 120 includes upper and lower substrates 121 and 122, first and second electrodes 123 and 124, an electrochromic layer 125, an electrolyte layer 126, and ion storage ( 127) and the like. Seal patterns for sealing the electrochromic layer 125, the electrolyte layer 126, and the ion storage 127 filled therein are formed at outer portions of the upper and lower substrates 121 and 122.

The switching barrier 120 is an electrochromic device (ECD). The switching barrier 120 changes the color of the electrochromic layer 125 by an electric redox reaction according to the application of an electric field to change the light transmission characteristics. The transparent / opaque state is selectively implemented according to the voltage applied to the electrode 123 and the second electrode 124.

The upper and lower substrates 121 and 122 are spaced apart from each other to have a predetermined space in the vertical direction, and a first electrode 123 is formed on the upper substrate 121, and a second electrode 124 is formed on the lower substrate 122. Is formed.

In the space between the first electrode 123 and the second electrode 124, the electrochromic layer 125 that changes color according to the applied electric field, the electrolyte layer 126 filled in the lower portion surrounding the electrochromic layer 125, the electrolyte Filled ion storage 127 is formed under layer 126.

The electrochromic layer 125 adjacent to the first electrode 123 includes an electrochromic material that changes color according to an applied electric field.

The first electrode 123 is composed of a plurality of electrode patterns arranged at regular intervals, and an opening formed between two adjacent electrode patterns becomes the opening 120_1.

The electrochromic layer 125 is discolored according to an electric field generated between the first electrode 123 and the second electrode 124 to selectively implement the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode. In the wide viewing angle mode, the electrochromic layer 125 becomes transparent, and in the narrow viewing angle mode, the electrochromic layer 125 becomes opaque to block the viewing angle.

In the electrolyte layer 126, ions involved in the electrochromic reaction of the electrochromic layer 125 are distributed. The ion storage 127 is formed under the electrolyte layer 126 to collect ions of opposite polarity to ions involved in the electrochromic reaction, and may be omitted.

In order to reduce the influence on the aperture ratio and the brightness, the first electrode 123 and the second electrode 124 are made of a transparent electrode by employing a material such as indium tin oxide (ITO).

The state change of the switching barrier 120 selectively implementing the wide viewing angle mode / narrow viewing angle mode by changing the light transmission condition according to the voltage applied to the first electrode 123 and the second electrode 124 will now be described. Same as

When voltage is applied to the first electrode 123 and the second electrode 124 of the switching barrier 120, the color of the electrochromic layer 125 is changed by the flow of current according to the applied voltage. The electrochromic layer 125 may have a transparent state for passing visible light or an opaque state for blocking visible light according to the magnitudes of voltages applied to the first electrode 123 and the second electrode 124.

That is, when a voltage is applied to the switching barrier 120 and a current flows from the electrochromic layer 125 toward the ion storage 127, the electrochromic layer 125 is colored, and when the current flows in the opposite direction, the electrochromic layer 125 Discoloration occurs in Depending on the material of the electrochromic layer 125, the flow of current and the coloring / discoloring reaction may be reversed.

The electrochromic material constituting the electrochromic layer 125 is reversibly changed in optical properties by electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions. Such materials include TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , WO ₃ , NiO _x H _y , Nb ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , MoO ₃ Inorganic substances, such as these, and organic substances, such as polyaniline, are mentioned.

Electrochromic layer 125 is stacked in the form of a barrier (barrier) having a constant height in the vertical direction, the stack structure may vary slightly depending on the type of material used.

The electrochromic layer 125 may be formed by patterning the upper substrate 121 or the lower substrate 122. The electrochromic layer 125 may be formed according to a width and a height of the electrochromic layer 125 and an arrangement interval between the electrochromic layers 125. The range of the viewing angle can be adjusted.

In addition, the range of the viewing angle may be designed more accurately in consideration of factors such as pitch or height between the microlenses 112 constituting the microlens layer 110 and a half width (width having 50% luminance relative to the maximum transmittance). .

5A and 5B are graphs showing viewing angle characteristics of the microlens array sheet shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

FIG. 5A illustrates the vertical angle-brightness characteristic of the wide viewing angle mode in which the switching barrier 120 is transparent, and FIG. 5B illustrates the narrow viewing angle mode in which the switching barrier 120 is in an opaque state. Vertical angle-brightness characteristics are illustrated.

In FIGS. 5A and 5B, simulation results show that the diffused light emitted from the lens focus unit is focused within a half width of 10 ° by the lens, thereby ideally distinguishing the viewing angle range of the wide viewing angle / narrow viewing angle mode.

In the wide viewing angle mode, as shown in FIG. 5A, the microlens array sheet 100 decreases while maintaining a certain degree of brightness in the front direction before and after the viewing angle of 0 ° and in the lateral direction in which the viewing angle increases.

In the narrow viewing angle mode, as shown in FIG. 5B, the viewing angle characteristic in the lateral direction is sharply deteriorated so that the microlens array sheet 100 becomes the narrow viewing angle mode as a whole.

As such, since the narrow viewing angle and the wide viewing angle mode may be switched through one microlens array sheet 100, a variable viewing angle characteristic may be provided as necessary.

6 is a cross-sectional view of the microlens array sheet according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the microlens array sheet shown in FIG. 6.

2A to 3 illustrate a case in which a hemispherical microlens 112 is formed in the microlens array sheet 100 and a pinhole-shaped opening 120_1 is formed.

In contrast, in FIGS. 6 and 7, the microlens layer 210 of the microlens array sheet 200 is composed of the substrate 211 and the lenticular type microlenses 212. The case where the opening 220_1 of the slit shape corresponding to the center axis of each microlens 212 is formed is shown.

As the switching barrier 220, a membrane capable of controlling transmission / blocking of light through voltage control is required. Such films are formed using electrochromic materials.

As such, both the lenticular type and the hemisphere type may be applied to the microlenses 112 and 212, and the shapes of the openings 120_1 and 220_1 may also be slit-shaped and pinholes, depending on the lens type. It can be divided into pin-hole forms.

That is, the switching barriers 120 and 220 in which the slit or pinhole openings 120_1 and 220_1 are formed in the lower focal parts of the microlens layers 110 and 210 are used as apertures, and the voltage is varied to change the switching barrier. By discoloring the 120 and 220, the light is collected or diffused, and the viewing angle characteristics are controlled.

By controlling the switching barriers 120 and 220 to vary the light collection or diffusion of light passing through the microlenses 112 and 212, there is no need for a separate high voltage and it is possible to form a film. It is advantageous.

8 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment includes a microlens array sheet 100, a liquid crystal panel 300 for displaying an image, and a light source 400 for generating light.

The microlens array sheet 100 controls the condensation or diffusion of light emitted from the microlens layer 110, in which the plurality of microlenses 112 are arranged, and discolored according to the magnitude of voltage to the microlens layer 110. It is composed of a switching barrier 120.

Although FIG. 8 illustrates a case in which the microlens array sheet 100 employs the structure shown in FIG. 3, various structures may be employed within the scope of the inventive concept, such as the structure of FIG. 7.

The liquid crystal panel 300 is disposed in front of the microlens array sheet 100 to focus light refracted from the microlens array sheet 100.

The liquid crystal panel 300 includes a liquid crystal layer 330 formed between the upper substrate 310 and the lower substrate 320 and the two substrates 310 and 320 bonded at regular intervals.

The gate line 321 and the data line 322 for defining the pixel area P are arranged in the lower substrate 320 in a direction perpendicular to each other.

A pixel electrode 323 is formed in each pixel region P, and a thin film transistor TFT is formed at a portion where the gate line 321 and the data line 322 cross each other.

The thin film transistor TFT is formed of a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, and a source / drain electrode thereon, and the pixel signal 323 receives a data signal of the data line 322 according to a signal of the gate line 321. Is applied.

A black matrix 312 is formed on the upper substrate 310 to block light in portions except the pixel region P, and red, green, and blue colors for expressing colors are formed in portions corresponding to the pixel regions P. FIG. The color filter layer 311 of (R, G, B) is formed. The common electrode 313 for implementing an image is formed on the color filter layer 311.

In the liquid crystal panel 300 having such a configuration, the liquid crystal layer 330 formed between the upper and lower substrates 310 and 320 is aligned by an electric field formed between the pixel electrode 323 and the common electrode 313, The amount of light passing through the liquid crystal layer 330 is adjusted according to the degree of alignment of the liquid crystal layer 330, thereby displaying an image.

In FIG. 8, a common nematic (TN) structure in which the common electrode 313 and the pixel electrode 323 are formed on the upper and lower substrates 310 and 320, respectively, is illustrated. An In Plane Switching (IPS) structure in which both the 313 and the pixel electrode 323 are formed may be adopted.

In particular, when the IPS structure is employed, the viewing angle may be wider in the wide viewing angle mode in which the switching barrier 120 of the microlens array sheet 100 maintains a transparent state.

In the case of FIG. 8, a case in which a line source of a fluorescent lamp type is used as the light source 400 is illustrated, but the type of the light source is not limited thereto. For example, a point source of a light emitting diode type may be used. Kinds of light sources can be used.

Here, the light source 400 is selected in consideration of the structure of the microlens layer 110 of the microlens array sheet 100 and the switching barrier 120 (for example, the shape of the opening) and the like. To optimize the use efficiency.

In addition, a reflecting plate 411 is installed below the light source 400 to reflect light back to the light source 400 without passing through the microlens array sheet 100 to be reflected back to the microlens array sheet 100 to improve light efficiency. Increase

The reflective plate 411 may be disposed between the light source 400 and the microlens array sheet 100.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may implement the present invention in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof. I can understand that.

Therefore, since the embodiments described above are provided to completely inform the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art, it should be understood that they are exemplary in all respects and not limited. The invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

The microlens array sheet and the liquid crystal display device using the same according to the present invention made as described above can effectively change the viewing angle characteristics, the overall thickness can be reduced.

In addition, the microlens array sheet and the liquid crystal display using the same according to the present invention can implement a wide viewing angle / narrow viewing angle mode within a range of not deteriorating front brightness or other operating characteristics.

Claims (12)

A microlens layer in which a plurality of microlenses are arranged; And Located under the microlens layer, color change is controlled according to the magnitude of the applied voltage, condenses light emitted to the microlens layer in an opaque state, and diffuses light emitted to the microlens layer in a transparent state. Letting switching barrier Microlens array sheet comprising a. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching barrier, Upper and lower substrates spaced apart from each other to have a predetermined space in a vertical direction; First and second electrodes formed on the upper and lower substrates, respectively; An electrochromic layer whose color changes according to an electric field formed between the first and second electrodes; And Ion is involved in the electrochromic reaction of the electrochromic layer is distributed, the electrolyte layer filled in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode Microlens array sheet comprising a. The method of claim 1, The microlens layer is a microlens array sheet, characterized in that consisting of lenticular type lenses. The method of claim 3, The switching barrier is a microlens array sheet, characterized in that a pin-hole corresponding to the focus portion of each of the lenses is formed. The method of claim 1, And the microlens layer is composed of hemispherical lenses. The method of claim 5, The switching barrier is a microlens array sheet, characterized in that a slit corresponding to the central axis of each of the lenses is formed. The method of claim 2, The electrochromic layer is a microlens array sheet including at least one of TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , WO ₃ , NiO _x H _y , Nb ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , MoO _3, and polyaniline. The method of claim 1, The microlens array sheet is a microlens array sheet, characterized in that made of a removable film type. A light source for generating light; A microlens having a microlens layer in which a plurality of microlenses are arranged, and a switching barrier for controlling the condensation or diffusion of light transmitted to the microlens layer according to the magnitude of the voltage, to collect or diffuse the light emitted from the light source Lens array sheets; And A liquid crystal panel disposed in front of the microlens array sheet so that the light refracted from the microlens array sheet is focused Liquid crystal display comprising a. The method of claim 9, wherein the switching barrier, Upper and lower substrates spaced apart from each other to have a predetermined space in a vertical direction; First and second electrodes formed on the upper and lower substrates, respectively; An electrochromic layer whose color changes according to an electric field formed between the first and second electrodes; And Ion is involved in the electrochromic reaction of the electrochromic layer is distributed, the electrolyte layer filled in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode Liquid crystal display comprising a. The method of claim 10, The electrochromic layer includes a material of at least one of TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , WO ₃ , NiO _x H _y , Nb ₂ O ₅ , V ₂ O ₅ , MoO _3, and polyaniline. The method of claim 9, And a reflecting plate disposed under the light source to reflect light.

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