KR20080034107A - Recording apparatus and optical recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

A recording apparatus and an optical recording medium are provided to selectively execute a defect management mode on an optical recording medium and to disable the defect management while the optical recoding medium is used in the defect management mode. A recording apparatus for recording data on an optical recording medium comprises a recording/reading unit(21), and a control unit(23). The recording/reading unit records data on the recording medium, or reads data from the recording medium. The control unit determines on/off of a defect management mode, which represents whether to execute defect management on the recording medium. If the defect management on mode is selected, the control unit records data with executing the defect management on the recording medium. If the defect management off mode is selected, the control unit records data without executing the defect management.

Description

Recording apparatus and optical recording medium

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of discs, and more particularly, to a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a recording / reproducing method, a recording / reproducing apparatus, an optical recording medium, and a program for performing the method.

Optical information recording technology, that is, a technique of recording data on a recordable optical disc, has recently undergone remarkable growth. In addition to these improvements, various types of optical disc recording / reproducing apparatuses have also been developed.

A write once optical disc refers to an optical disc in which data can be recorded only once. Such write-once optical discs have conventionally been, for example, CD-R and DVD-R. In the write once optical disc, heat is applied to a predetermined portion of the recording layer with laser light to deform the image of the recording layer to generate recording marks. Since the deformed portion cannot be returned to its original state before the laser light is applied, the write once optical disc can only be written once.

Meanwhile, defect management refers to a process of rewriting user data recorded in a portion where a defect occurs when user data recorded in the user data area occurs to compensate for data loss caused by the defect. Conventionally, defect management is largely divided into a defect management method using linear replacement and a defect management method using skipping replacement. Linear replacement means that when a defect occurs in the user data area, the defective area is replaced with an area where a defect in the spare area does not occur. Skipping refers to the use of areas skipped without using the defective areas, followed by areas that are not defective.

In the case of linear replacement, a block in which a defect occurs in the user data area is called a defective block, and a spare area, which is a space for a replacement block for replacing such a defective block, is provided in a predetermined portion of the disc.

Due to its characteristic that a write once optical disc cannot be overwritten, a defect management method somewhat different from the defect management performed on the rewritable disc can be adopted.

Such a defect management may or may not be adopted in the case of a write-once optical disc. There is a need for a method capable of using a write once optical disc depending on whether or not defect management is adopted.

The present invention provides a recording / reproducing method, a recording / reproducing apparatus, an optical recording medium, and a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for performing the method, which makes it possible to use a write-once optical disc depending on whether or not defect management is adopted. For the purpose of

One aspect of the present invention is an apparatus for recording data on a recording medium, comprising: a recording / reading unit for recording data on or reading data from the recording medium, and performing defect management on the recording medium. Determining a defect management on / off mode indicating whether or not to perform the operation, recording data while performing defect management on the recording medium when the defect management on mode is determined, and recording on the recording medium when the defect management off mode is determined And a control unit for controlling the recording / reading unit to record data without defect management.

Another aspect of the present invention is an optical recording medium including a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area, wherein the temporary defect information relating to a defect detected in the data area and a temporary disc for managing the temporary defect information are defined. A temporary defect management area for storing the structure; A defect management area for storing last temporary defect information and a last temporary disc definition structure recorded in the temporary defect management area during the finalization of the optical recording medium, wherein the temporary defect management area and the defect management area are the lead-in Alternative data arranged in an area or a lead-out area and for replacing the defect detected in the data area according to the information about the defect management on / off mode selected during initialization of the optical recording medium is recorded in the optical recording medium or It cannot be recorded.

According to the present invention as described above, one recording medium can be selectively used without defect management or without defect management. Further, the recording medium can be used while managing the defect, but can be used without defect management on the way, and can also be used with compatibility with the rewritable information storage medium.

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 shows a state diagram of a write-once recording information storage medium according to the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, a lifetime according to a defect management on mode (DM-on mode) or a defect management off mode (DM-off mode) is shown from the initialization to the finalization of a write-once information storage medium according to the present invention.

The write once information storage medium according to the present invention can be used in two modes largely depending on whether or not defect management is performed. One is a DM-on mode for recording on a recording medium while performing defect management, and the other is a DM-off mode for recording on a recording medium without performing defect management. In the DM-on mode, a spare area is allocated to a data area provided on a recording medium according to the intention of a user or a drive manufacturer, and data recording is performed while managing defects by the drive. The DM-off mode refers to data recording on a recording medium without a defect management by a drive at the intention of a user or a drive manufacturer. Since the spare area allocated to a part of the data area is an area provided for defect management, the spare area is not assigned in the case of the DM-off mode.

<DM-on mode>

The lifetime of the write-once information storage medium according to the DM-on mode is shown in the upper portion of FIG. The DM-on mode will be described first. Hereinafter, the terms disc and the term recording medium will be used as appropriate.

When a disc manufactured by a disc manufacturer is used for the first time, the disc is in an empty disc state 1 in which nothing is recorded. However, the blank disc is in a state in which a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area allocated at the time of disc manufacture are provided. Thus, the form of the blank disk is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Of course, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the spare area is allocated not at the time of manufacture of the disc but at the time of initializing the disc, and is indicated by a dotted line in the figure since the allocation is determined according to whether or not the defect is managed.

In this case, when it is decided to use the empty disk 1 in the DM-on mode, the disk is initialized in the DM-on mode. A spare area is allocated to a data area of the disc for defect management, and initialization information for defect management is recorded in a predetermined area of the disc. First, the allocation of the spare area will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

2 is a disk structure diagram of a single recording layer information storage medium according to the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 2, the single recording layer information storage medium is provided with a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area in succession. The lead-in area, data area, and lead-out area are assigned those areas at the time of disc manufacture. When defect management by the drive is performed at the time of initialization for disk use, a spare area is allocated to the data area. Referring to FIG. 2, two spare areas are allocated to the data area, and the data area includes the spare area # 1, the user data area, and the spare area # 2. Data is recorded from the position where the logical sector number (LSN) = 0 in the user data area and data is recorded in the direction of the last LSN. The spare area # 2 is preferably used after all of the spare area # 1 has been recorded. In the spare area # 2, when the recording is made from the lead-out area toward the user data area, the size of the spare area # 2 can be expanded or reduced. The change can be facilitated.

3 is a disk structure diagram of a dual recording layer information storage medium according to the present invention.

The structure of the dual recording layer information storage medium is also similar to that of the single recording layer information storage medium shown in FIG. One layer of the dual recording layer information storage medium includes a lead-in area # 0, a data area # 0, and a lead-out area # 0 successively, and the other layer includes a lead-in area # 1, a data area # 1, and a lead-out area. # 1 is provided continuously. It is determined to perform defect management by the drive at the time of disk initialization, so that spare area # 1 and spare area # 2 are allocated to data area # 0, and spare area # 3 and spare area # 4 are allocated to data area # 1. do. That is, the data area # 0 consists of the spare area # 1, the user data area # 0, and the spare area # 2, and the data area # 1 consists of the spare area # 3, the user data area # 1, and the spare area # 4. In order to facilitate the expansion of spare area # 4, it is preferable to use the disc in the direction in which the LSN increases from user data area # 0 to user data area # 1 as shown in FIG.

The detailed structures of the lead-in area and lead-out area in the recording medium shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 will be described with reference to FIG.

4 is a detailed structural diagram of each area of the write once information storage medium according to the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 4, a write-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area are continuously provided in a write-once information storage medium, and the spare area # 1 and the spare area # 2 are provided for the drive defect management at the time of disk initialization. Can be assigned as described above. The lead-in area includes DMA # 1, drive information area, TDMA, write condition test area, and DMA # 2, and the lead-out area includes DMA # 3 and DMA # 4. Of course, the detailed regions allocated to the lead-in area may be allocated to the lead-out area.

Spare area # 1 and spare area # 2 are areas provided for recording a replacement block that replaces the block in which the defect occurred when a defect occurs in the data recorded in the user data area.

The drive information area is an area for recording information on a drive device that loads a disc to record data on or reads data recorded on the disc. The recording condition test area is a record / write on a disc loaded with a drive device. In order to find the optimal condition for regeneration, the test area is provided.

The defect management area (DMA) is an area for recording defect information and defect management information. The DMA consists of a Disc Definition Structure (DDS) for defect management information and a DeFect List (DFL) for defect information. The TDMA is provided for compatibility with a rewritable information storage medium or when the disc is finalized. This area is used to read and record the final defect information and defect management information recorded in the.

Temporary defect management area (TDMA) is an area where temporary defect management information is updated and recorded. The temporary defect management area is a temporary disc definition structure (TDDS) for temporary defect management information. Space Bit Map (SBM) showing the status of recording of each block of disk's physically available space as a bit value and Temporary DeFect List (TDFL) for temporary defect information. Consists of.

That is, the temporary defect management area (TDMA) is an area for recording temporary defect management information (TDMI) consisting of TDDS, SBM, and TDFL. This temporary defect management area is an area specially provided for implementing defect management by a drive in a write once information storage medium. That is, only the defect management area (DMA) exists in the rewritable information storage medium, and the temporary defect management area (TDMA) is not provided separately. This is because of the peculiarity that the write once information storage medium cannot be overwritten. Unlike the rewritable information storage medium, the write once information storage medium cannot be overwritten when the defect management information is to be updated, and thus a new area for recording the updated information is required. Therefore, the number of updates requires a relatively large area. However, since the defect management area (DMA) is not so large in the rewritable information storage medium, the temporary defect management area (TDMA) is separately provided in the write-once information storage medium, and the defect management information is provided in this temporary defect management area (TDMA). Update it. When the disc is finalized, the temporary defect management information finally updated in the temporary defect management area is recorded in the defect management area as defect management information. In this way, by recording the defect management information in the defect management area provided in the recording information storage medium once, compatibility with the rewritable information storage medium can be achieved. For convenience of description, the defect management information updated in the temporary defect management area is referred to as "temporary defect management information", and when the final temporary defect management information among these temporary defect management information is recorded in the defect management area, it is referred to as "defect management information". Let's do it.

The temporary defect management information TDMI recorded in such a temporary defect management area TDMA will be described in detail.

The temporary defect management information includes a temporary disk definition structure (TDDS), a space bit map (SBM), and a temporary defect list (TDFL).

When such TDDS, SBM, and TDFL are recorded in the temporary defect management area, TDDS and SBM can be recorded in one block and TDFL in another block. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the temporary defect management information may configure TDMI # 0 in one bundle of TDFL # 0, TDDS # 0, and SBM # 0, and may be updated in TDMA by such TDMI #i. . As another example, as shown in FIG. 6, the temporary defect management area (TDMA) is divided into two parts, one part is updated with TDDS #i and SBM #i as one block, and the other part is TDFL #i. It can also be updated as a block. The detailed structure of the TDDS #i will be described with reference to FIG. 7.

7 shows a detailed data structure diagram of TDDS #i of temporary defect management information according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, TDDS #i includes start position information of the user data area, end position information of the user data area, size information of the spare area # 1, size information of the spare area # 2, a TDFL pointer, Includes a write condition testable position pointer, a finalization flag, and a DM mode.

From the start position information of the user data area and the end position information of the user data area, the position and size of the user data area allocated to the data area can be known, and the position of the spare area can be known. The size information of the spare area # 1 and the size information of the spare area # 2 are also recorded as the TDDS, and the size information of the spare area is changed when the spare area is enlarged or reduced. The TDFL pointer indicates position information of a recently updated TDFL. This TDFL pointer can be used to easily find the last updated TDFL. The recording condition testable position pointer indicates the positional information that can be tested in the recording condition test area provided in the lead-in area or the lead-out area of the disc. By referring to the recording condition testable position pointer, it is possible to easily find a testable position without directly scanning in the recording condition test area. The finalization flag is a flag that is set to finalize the disc. The finalization flag can be used to determine whether the disc is finalized. Although the finalization flag is illustrated in TDDS #i in FIG. 7, the present invention is not limited thereto. The finalization flag may be provided in SBM #i illustrated in FIG. 8. DM mode indicates whether or not the corresponding disk has defect management. For example, it can be set to DM-on mode when recording with defect management on a disk, and can be set to DM-off mode when recording without defect management on a disk.

8 shows a detailed data structure diagram of SBM #i of temporary disk management information according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8, SBM #i includes an SBM header and a bitmap. The SBM header is an identifier for indicating that the SBM. The bitmap is an information map in which the recording state for each block of the physically recordable area of the disc is represented by a bit value. For example, a block that has already been recorded is represented by " 1 " and a block that has not been recorded yet is represented by " 0 ", thereby indicating whether or not a block has been recorded.

9 shows a detailed data structure diagram of TDFL #i of temporary disk management information according to the present invention.

9, TDFL #i includes a TDFL header, a defect list entry # 0, a defect list entry # 1 ... The TDFL header is an identifier for indicating that the TDFL. Defect list entry #i indicates information about a defect that has occurred in the user data area. A data structure diagram of the defect list entry #i shown in FIG. 9 is shown in FIG.

Referring to Fig. 10, defect list entry #i includes status information, a defective block physical address, and a replacement block physical address. The defective block physical address indicates a physical address of a defective block occurring in the user data area, and the replacement block physical address indicates a physical address in the replacement block spare area that replaces the defective block. Status information represents status information about this defect. The status information includes replacement information and continuous defect information. The replacement information indicates whether the defective block in which the defect has occurred has a replacement block. That is, there is a state of a defective block having a replacement block and a state of a defective block having no replacement block. The continuous defect information indicates a state when a defect that occurs in the user data area occurs in a continuous block. In other words, if a defect occurs in a contiguous block in the user data area, instead of making a defect list entry for each of the contiguous blocks, the start defect entry and the last defect block for the first defect block among successive blocks. TDFL space can be saved by creating and managing only the last defect entry for a defect block.

Thus far, an example of the structure of the recording medium to which the present invention can be applied has been described.

Referring back to FIG. 1, after the DM-on mode initialization of the blank disk, the DMA of the disk is empty, and the TDMA is in a state (2) which can be updated. When TDMA is updated, it means that temporary defect management information is updated in TDMA. Such an update may be updated in a predetermined operation unit. The operation may be one to a plurality of verify-after-write units or an eject unit for verifying after writing a predetermined block. Here, the block refers to one error correction unit (ECC) unit recorded on the disc.

Now, if recording is performed while the drive is managing defects in such a state, the TDMA as shown in Fig. 4 maintains a state (3) in which temporary defect management information is updated in accordance with the recording in which the defect management is performed. do.

If the spare area or the like is changed during the use of such a disk, the disk is reinitialized, and the size information of the spare area of the temporary defect management information is changed to be recorded in the temporary defect management area (4), and the DMA is still empty. to be. The spare area is changed during disk use when the spare area allocated at the time of disk initialization is exhausted to expand the spare area, or when the spare area needs to be reduced due to insufficient space for recording user data in the user data area. The size information of spare area # 2 is changed in TDDS #i shown in FIG. 7, and TDDS #i containing the changed contents is recorded in the temporary defect management area.

Even after the size of the spare area is changed, data is written to the disk while the defect management by the drive continues, and the TDMA is updated (5).

On the other hand, the disk can be reinitialized in the DM-off mode during recording while performing defect management. When re-initializing in DM-off mode, the final TDDS and TDFL information recorded in TDMA is recorded as DDS and DFL information in DMA to be compatible with the rewritable information storage medium, and the DM-off mode is set in TDMA. . That is, the TDDS shown in FIG. 7 is updated by changing the DM mode to the DM-off mode, and the TDDS #n and TDFL #n finally updated in the TDMA are copied and recorded in the DMA.

After reinitializing to DM-off mode, the disk is filled with DMA and TDMA is ready for update (11). Since it has been changed to the DM-off mode, the TDMA is updated 12 while performing recording without defect management. Since there is no defect management, the update in TDMA will mainly be TDDS # i and SBM #i, but depending on the implementation, if TDFL #i contains anything other than defect management, TDFL #i may also be updated. There will be.

In this way, when the disc is finalized while the disc is used, the TDMA is filled and the finalization flag is set in the TDMA (13).

When the disk is finalized while performing recording while performing defect management by the drive in the disk state 5 again, the finalization flag is set in the TDMA so that the disk can no longer be used after the finalization, and the last temporary defect management information updated in the TDMA. TDDS #m and TDFL #m are also filled in the DMA to become final defect management information (6). As shown in Fig. 7, it is possible to indicate that the disc has been finalized by recording the TDDS in TDMA by setting the finalization flag in the TDDS to " 1 " indicating finalization. Further, in order to prevent the temporary defect management information from being updated in the TDMA again, an unrecorded area of the TDMA can be filled with a predetermined bit, for example, "FFh". Therefore, TDMA is also filled.

<DM-off mode>

The lifetime of the write-once information storage medium according to the DM-off mode is shown in the lower part of FIG.

If it is decided to use the disk in the DM-off mode, the empty disk 1 is initialized in the DM-off mode. A disk initialized in DM-off mode is in a state (7) in which the DMA is empty and the TDMA can be updated. The TDDS recorded as initialization information in TDMA at initialization includes start position information of the user data area and end position information of the user data area, and the size information of the spare area # 1 and the size information of the spare area # 2 are set to "0." Is recorded. In addition, the DM mode is set to the DM-off mode.

Since there is no defect management in data recording, the contents that can be updated in TDMA will mainly be TDDS and SBM. Since no defect management is performed, the detailed data content of the TDDS used in DM-off mode may be different. In order to distinguish it from the TDDS and SBM used in the DM-on mode, it is referred to as record management information in the DM-off mode.

In DM-off mode, writes to disk are performed without fault management by the drive, and TDMA remains in a state of being updateable (8). When the disc is finalized, the finalization flag is set in the TDMA so that the disc can no longer be used after the finalization, and the last temporary defect management information (i.e., recording management information) updated in the TDMA is also filled in the DMA to become the final defect management information ( 9). In the state of the finalized disk, a flag indicating finalization is set in TDDS or SBM recorded in TDMA, TDDS and SBM information finally updated in TDMA is recorded as defect management information in DMA, and SBM can be recorded. In the remaining area (i.e., the remaining TDMA area), data is recorded at the same value as FFh so that no more data can be recorded.

The recording / reproducing apparatus which makes it possible to use a disc as described so far will be described.

11 is a schematic block diagram of a configuration of a recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 11, the recording / reproducing apparatus includes a recording / reading unit 21 and a control unit 23.

The recording / reading section 21 is provided with a pickup or the like to record data on the disk 22, which is an optical recording information storage medium according to the present invention, and reads the data recorded on the disk 22.

The control unit 23 controls the recording / reading unit 21 to record and read data on the disc 22 according to a predetermined file system. In particular, according to the present invention, the control unit 23 determines whether or not defect management is to be performed when data is written to the disc when the blank disc 22 is loaded into the recording / reading unit 21, Initialize the disk accordingly. Then, the recording / reading unit 21 is controlled to record data on the disc 22 in accordance with the determination. Details will be described later.

The control unit 23 includes a host I / F 24, a DSP 25, an RF AMP 26, a servo 27, and a system controller 28.

In writing, host I / F 24 receives a predetermined write command from host 29 and sends it to system controller 28. The system controller 28 controls the DSP 25 and the servo 27 to carry out the write command received from the host I / F 24. The DSP 25 adds additional data such as parity for error correction to the data to be recorded received from the host I / F 24 and performs ECC encoding to generate an ECC block, which is an error correction block, and then, in a predetermined manner. Modulate. The RF AMP 26 converts the data output from the DSP 25 into an RF signal. The recording / reading section 21 provided with the pickup records the RF signal transmitted from the RF AMP 26 to the disk 22. The servo 27 receives a command required for servo control from the system controller 28 and servo controls the pickup of the recording / reading unit 21.

In particular, according to the present invention, the system controller 28 determines a defect management on / off mode indicating whether or not defect management is to be performed when data is written to the disk 22.

When the system controller 28 decides to use the disk in the defect management on mode, the recording / reading section 21 is controlled to record data while performing defect management on the disk 22. That is, the system controller 28 records, in the spare area of the recording medium, a replacement block that replaces the defective block regarding the defect generated in the user data area of the recording medium in a predetermined operation unit, and the defect in a predetermined operation unit. The recording / reading section is controlled to update the information relating to the defect management information and the defect management information for managing the defect in the temporary defect management area of the recording medium.

In addition, while using the disk in this defect management on mode, the system controller 28 can change the size of the spare area, and the system controller 28 then transmits information about the changed spare area to the temporary defect management area. The recording / reading section is controlled to record.

In addition, while using the disk in such a defect management on mode, the system controller 28 can switch it to the defect management off mode even when it is set to the defect management on mode at the time of disk initialization. In order to switch the defect management off mode, the system controller 28 reinitializes the disk in the defect management off mode and controls the write / read unit 21 to write data to the disk 22 without defect management. . That is, upon reinitialization, the system controller 28 records the information indicating that the defect management off mode is in the temporary defect management area, and the defect management provided in the recording medium with the temporary defect management information finally updated in the temporary defect management area. The recording / reading section 21 is controlled to record in the area.

When the disk used in this way is finalized, the system controller 28 writes a finalization flag indicating that the recording medium is finalized in the temporary defect management area, and writes the temporary defect management information finally recorded in the temporary defect management area. The recording / reading unit 21 is controlled to record in the disc management area provided in the recording medium, and to fill an area remaining unrecorded in the temporary defect management area with predetermined data.

When the system controller 28 decides to use the disk in the defect management on mode, the recording / reading section 21 is controlled so that the disk 22 records data without defect management. That is, the system controller 28 records data in the user data area provided on the disk 21 in predetermined operation units, and updates the recording management information according to the recording to the temporary disk management area provided in the disk 21. The recording / reading section 21 is controlled so as to.

Further, as in the defect management on mode, when the disk is finalized, the system controller 28 writes a finalization flag indicating that the disk 22 is finalized in the temporary defect management area, and finally in the temporary defect management area. The temporary defect management information recorded in the above is recorded in the disc management area provided in the disc 22, and the recording / reading part 22 is filled to fill the area remaining unrecorded in the temporary defect management area with predetermined data. To control.

In reproduction, the host I / F 24 receives a reproduction command from the host 29. The system controller 28 performs initialization necessary for regeneration. The recording / reading unit 21 outputs an optical signal obtained by irradiating a laser beam on the disk 22 and receiving a laser beam reflected from the disk 22. The RF AMP 26 converts the optical signal output from the recording / reading section 21 into an RF signal and provides the modulated data obtained from the RF signal to the DSP 25, while the servo signal for control obtained from the RF signal. To the servo 27. The DSP 25 demodulates the modulated data and outputs data obtained through ECC error correction. On the other hand, the servo 27 receives the servo signal received from the RF AMP 26 and the command required for the servo control received from the system controller 28 to perform servo control for the pickup. The host I / F 24 sends the data received from the DSP 25 to the host.

In particular, according to the present invention, the system controller 28 reads the defect management on / off mode information from the temporary defect management area provided in the disk 22, and based on the read defect management on / off mode information. The recording / reading section 21 is controlled to read data recorded in the data area.

In the case where the read mode information is in the defect management on mode, the system controller 28 controls the recording / reading unit 21 to read information on the last updated defect and defect management information from the temporary defect management area. And when a finalization flag indicating that the recording medium is finalized from the temporary defect management area is read, the information on the finally updated defect and the defect management information are read out from the defect management area provided in the disc 22. The recording / reading unit 21 is controlled.

When the read mode information is the defect management off mode, the system controller 28 controls the recording / reading unit 21 to read the final recording management information from the temporary defect management area, and the temporary defect When the finalization flag indicating that the recording medium has been finalized from the management area is read, the recording / reading unit 21 is controlled to read the finally updated recording management information from the defect management area provided on the disc.

12A to 12E are flowcharts showing a method of using a write once disc in a defect management on mode or an off mode according to the present invention.

Once the write-once disc is loaded into the drive system, the system controller 28 of the drive system recognizes what medium is loaded, whether recording is possible, whether it has been used, etc. using the information stored on the disc. If the loaded write-once disc is recognized as a blank disc (10), the system controller 28 performs an initialization process according to the user's command or the drive manufacturer's intention.

The system controller 28 determines whether to perform the defect management mode by the drive according to the intention of the user or the drive manufacturer (15).

If the DM-off mode is selected by the user or the drive manufacturer's intention not to perform defect management by the drive, the initialization information is written to the disk (20), and the process proceeds to (A). In the DM-off mode, the spare area will not be allocated because no defect management is performed, therefore, the size information of the spare area will be recorded as 0 in the TDDS recorded in the TDMA, and the DM mode is set to the DM-off mode. Is set.

When the DM-on mode is selected, the system controller 28 allocates a spare area to a portion of the data area of the disk, and records initialization information including information necessary for defect management by the drive (30). Specifically, the initialization information is put into TDDS # 0, SBM # 0, and TDFL # 0 to record in TDMA. In particular, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the TDDS # 0 includes the DM mode set to the size and position information of the spare area provided in the data area, the start position information and the end position information of the user data area, the TDFL pointer, and the DM-on mode. Include. When the disk is initialized, the disk's DMA is empty and the TDMA is updatable.

After initialization, the recording / reading unit 21 and the control unit 23 perform recording after verifying the recording process for defect management by performing a recording command of the host (40). The process of performing recording through verification after recording will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 12B. User data is recorded in the user data area in units in which verification after recording is performed (41). Then, the recorded data is verified to find a portion where a defect has occurred and a replacement block for replacing the defective block is recorded in the spare area (42). Next, information about a defect is generated and stored in the memory (43). Then, it is determined whether or not the predetermined recording operation has ended (44). If not, the process proceeds to step 41 again, and repeats the recording.

When the recording operation is completed, the defect information and the defect management information are updated in operation units (50). This update process will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 12C. Information about the defect stored in the memory is read (51). Next, a defect list including information about the defect is generated (52). The generated defect list is recorded in TDMA with TDFL #i (53). TDDS #i and SBM #i are recorded in TDMA (54). A detailed example of the process 40 of performing the recording through the post-record verification process and the process 50 of updating the defect information and the defect management information will be described with reference to FIG. 13.

FIG. 13 is a reference diagram for describing a process of writing data in a user data area and a spare area in more detail.

The unit for processing data may be divided into sectors and clusters. A sector is a minimal unit that can manage data in a computer's file system or application program. A cluster is a minimum unit that can be physically recorded on a disk at one time. Typically, one or more sectors make up a cluster.

Sectors are divided into physical sectors and logical sectors. The physical sector means space for recording one sector of data on the disk. The address for finding a physical sector is called a physical sector number (PSN). The logical sector refers to a sector unit for managing data in a file system or an application program. Similarly, a logical sector number (LSN) is given. A device for recording and reproducing data on a disc finds a location on the disc of a data to be recorded using a physical sector number. A computer or application for recording data manages the entire data in logical sector units. The position of is managed by the logical sector number. The relationship between the logical sector number and the physical sector number is converted by the controller of the recording or reproducing apparatus by using a defect status and a recording start position.

Referring to FIG. 13, a user data area and a spare area are shown. In the user data area and the spare area, there are a plurality of physical sectors (not shown) to which physical sector numbers are sequentially assigned. The logical sector number is given in at least one physical sector unit. However, since the logical sector number is assigned to include the spare area except the defective area generated in the user data area in which the defect has occurred, even if the physical sector and the logical sector have the same size, the physical sector number is generated. The sector number and the logical sector number do not match.

The method of recording the user data in the user data area is by a continuous recording mode or a random recording mode. In the continuous recording mode, the user data is sequentially recorded in succession, and the random recording mode is not necessarily continuous but in random recording. ① to ⑦ respectively indicate a unit in which a verification operation is performed after recording. The recording device records the user data by the interval ① and then returns to the first part of the interval ① to check whether the data is recorded correctly or whether a defect has occurred. If a part where a defect occurs is found, the part is designated as a defect area. Thus, defect # 1, which is a defect area, is designated. The recording apparatus also records the data recorded in the defect # 1 again in the spare area. The part where the data recorded in the defect # 1 is rewritten is called replacement # 1. Next, the recording apparatus records the user data for the interval ② and then returns to the first part of the interval ② again to check whether the data is properly recorded or whether a defect has occurred. If a defect is found, it is designated as defect # 2. In a similar manner, replacement # 2 corresponding to defect # 2 is generated. In addition, defect # 3 and replacement # 3, which are defective areas, are generated in the section ③. In section ④, no part where a defect occurred is found and there is no defect area.

After recording and verifying up to interval ④, and when the end of recording operation # 0 is predicted (when the user presses the eject button or completes the recording of the user data assigned to the recording operation), the recording device records temporary defect information # 1, i.e. TDFL # 1. As a result, information about defects # 1, # 2, and # 3, which are defect areas generated in sections 1 to 4, is recorded in the temporary defect management area. In addition, management information for managing TDFL # 1 is recorded in the temporary defect management area as TDDS # 1.

When recording operation # 1 starts, data is recorded in the same manner up to sections ⑤ through ⑦ and defects # 4, # 5 and replacements # 4, # 5 are generated. Defects # 1, # 2, # 3, and # 4 are single defect blocks in which a single block has failed, and defect # 5 is a continuous defect block in which consecutive blocks have failed. Replace # 5 is a contiguous replace block replaced in response to defect # 5. A block is a physical or logical recording unit and can be variously determined. When the end of recording operation # 1 is predicted, the recording apparatus records information regarding defects # 4 and # 5 as temporary defect information # 2, that is, TDFL # 2, and accumulates the information recorded in temporary defect information # 1. To record more. Similarly, defect management information for managing TDFL # 2 is recorded in the temporary defect management area as TDDS # 2.

Next, referring again to FIG. 12A, the system controller 28 needs to expand the spare area due to the lack of the spare area, or the size of the spare area when there is a need to reduce the spare area due to the lack of the user data area. It is determined whether to change (60). If it is determined to change, the reinitialization information is written to the disc (70), and the process proceeds to step 40. That is, the size information of the changed spare area is put in the TDDS and recorded in the TDMA.

Next, the system controller 28 determines whether to reinitialize the disk in the DM-off mode (80). If it is determined that the data is to be reinitialized, the reinitialization information is recorded on the disk (81), and the process proceeds to (A). When reinitializing to DM-off mode, first, the TDDS is updated by switching the DM-on mode set to T-DSS to DM-off mode, and the TDDS and TDFL finally updated to TDMA for compatibility with the rewritable medium. Is recorded in the DMA.

Next, the system controller 28 determines whether to finalize the disk (90). If the disc is not finalized, the process proceeds to step 40 where recording is continued through the post-record verification process.

If it is determined that the disc is to be finalized, the system controller 28 writes finalization information to the disc (100). The process of recording the finalization information on the disc will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 12D. The system controller 28 records 101 with the finalization flag set to " 1 " in the TDDS or SBM, and records the entire unrecorded area of the SBM with a specific value (102). Depending on the implementation, it may be the entire area left unwritten in TDMA. In addition, the last updated TDDS and TDFL recorded in the TDMA are filled in the DMA (103).

Next, an operation when the DM-off mode is selected will be described with reference to FIG. 12E.

First, the system controller 28 controls the recording / reading unit 21 to write to the disc without defect management (110).

The system controller 28 then updates 120 the TDMA. Since no defect management is performed, the updates to TDMA will mainly be TDDS and SBM.

Next, the system controller 28 determines whether the disk is finalized (130).

In the case of finalizing the disc, finalization information is recorded in the DMA (140). The process of recording the finalization information in the DMA is the same as described with reference to FIG. 12D.

If the disc is not finalized, the flow advances to step 110 to continue recording without defect management.

The recording / reproducing method as described above can also be embodied as computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium. Computer-readable recording media include all kinds of recording media on which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. Examples of computer-readable recording media include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage, and the like, and may also be implemented in the form of a carrier wave (for example, transmission over the Internet). Include. The computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. In addition, functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the recording / reproducing method can be easily inferred by programmers in the art to which the present invention belongs.

So far I looked at the center of the preferred embodiment for the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in a modified form without departing from the essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The scope of the present invention is shown in the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.

1 is a state diagram of a write once information storage medium according to the present invention;

2 is a disk structure diagram of a single recording layer information storage medium according to the present invention;

3 is a disk structure diagram of a dual recording layer information storage medium according to the present invention;

4 is a detailed structural diagram of each area of a write once information storage medium according to the present invention;

5 is a first example in which temporary disk management information is recorded in a temporary disk management area according to the present invention;

6 is a second example in which temporary disk management information is recorded in the temporary disk management area according to the present invention;

7 is a detailed data structure diagram of TDDS #i of temporary disk management information according to the present invention;

8 is a detailed data structure diagram of SBM #i of temporary disk management information according to the present invention;

9 is a detailed data structure diagram of TDFL #i of temporary disk management information according to the present invention;

10 is a data structure diagram of a defect list entry #i shown in FIG. 9;

11 is a schematic block diagram of a configuration of a recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention;

12A to 12E are flowcharts showing a method of using the write-once-recording information storage medium in the defect management on mode or the off mode according to the present invention;

13 is a reference diagram for explaining a process in which defect management is performed according to the present invention;

Claims (2)

An apparatus for recording data on a recording medium, A recording / reading unit which records data on the recording medium or reads data from the recording medium; Determine a defect management on / off mode indicating whether or not to perform defect management on the recording medium; if determined to be the defect management on mode, record data while performing defect management on the recording medium; And a control unit which controls the recording / reading unit to record data on the recording medium without defect management when it is determined as. An optical recording medium comprising a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area, A temporary defect management area for storing temporary defect information about a defect detected in the data area and a temporary disc definition structure for managing the temporary defect information; A defect management area for storing last temporary defect information and a last temporary disc definition structure recorded in the temporary defect management area during the finalization of the optical recording medium, The temporary defect management area and the defect management area are arranged in the lead-in area or lead-out area, Characterized in that replacement data for replacing the defect detected in the data area is recorded on the optical recording medium or cannot be recorded in accordance with the information on the defect management on / off mode selected during initialization of the optical recording medium. Optical recording media.

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