KR20080016571A - System and method to simulate film or other imaging media - Google Patents

Abstract

In one embodiment, the present invention includes a media simulation system that provides at least one lens operable to optically relay a single visual scene, and a first visual medium and a second visual medium. The first imaging medium and the second imaging medium are each operable to capture and store respective images of the single visual scene. Further, the respective images stored on the first imaging medium are correlated with the respective images stored on the second imaging medium. Also provide is a data management program operable on a computing device to selectively apply aspects of the respective images stored on the first imaging medium to modify corresponding aspects of the respective images stored on the second imaging medium.

Description

System and method for simulating film or other imaging media {SYSTEM AND METHOD TO SIMULATE FILM OR OTHER IMAGING MEDIA}

<Cross reference to related application>

This application claims priority to US Provisional Serial No. 60 / 672,965, filed April 20, 2005, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD TO FACILITATE TIME CODE CROSS REFERENCING BETWEEN FILM AND DIGITALLY ORIGINATED IMAGES, WHICH WERE CAPTURED SIMULTANEOUSLY THROUGH THE SAME LENS." And the entire disclosures thereof are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention generally relates to imaging, and in particular, to media simulation and the generation of images thereof.

As digital imaging replaces much of past filmed image origination, aesthetic and artistic issues arise for many of the industries. Changes from photochemistry to electronic media capture and equipment changes from film cameras to video cameras have contributed greatly to these issues. US Patent No. 5,687,011 ("011 Patent") to Mowry discloses an approach to digital film simulation.

In particular, the '011 patent discloses a hybrid camera that bridges the "gap" between electronic (eg digital) capture and film capture. As is well known to those skilled in the art of digitally originated products, the camera provides both capture technologies interdependently, providing a new range of creatives, including film image results, while maintaining efficiency and cost effectiveness. And artistic options are allowed.

So-called "media simulation" is generally referred to herein as the process of manipulating an image captured with one medium to mimic an image associated with another capture medium. For example, images in digital format are not seen as images captured on film. Digital images are transformed to simulate film images, for example, by adjusting color, resolution, sharpness, and the like. In another example, the filmed images are transformed to simulate a digital image. As is known to those skilled in the art, media simulation is an important aspect of consumer and entertainment imaging. In media simulations, the visuals are typically manipulated or at least pass through the digital domain at some point before being presented in final form.

Imaging in the entertainment industry continues to focus on maintaining the aesthetics of film origin in a growing number of products that are photographed digitally. Unlike the prudent method disclosed in the '011 patent, which relates to the notification of the deformation process of a digital image using the film that was actually exposed at the time of capture, the actual film medium being simulated, these products are typically It is based on data conversion. This is different from a software program that implies how the film renders the lens image under certain conditions when capturing.

As further disclosed in the '011 patent, films and videos are sourced in conjunction for a particular purpose that will aesthetically transform the video-sourced visual. The advantage of cross-referencing a medium in initial capture and / or storage is that the source of a selected scene on one medium can be derived using an image sourced on another medium of the same visual scene, depending on whether it is through a single or multiple lenses. The proper image reference of the image is possible. Unfortunately, techniques or systems that provide a user with an automated way of easily cross-referencing media in connection with multi-media capture, media simulation systems are not available in the prior art.

<Summary>

The present invention includes at least one lens operable to optically relay a single visual scene, and a media simulation system providing a first imaging medium and a second imaging medium. Each of the first imaging medium and the second imaging medium is operable to capture and store each image of a single visual scene. Further, each image stored on the first imaging medium is correlated with each image stored on the second imaging medium. Also provided is a data management program operable on a computing device to selectively apply an aspect of each image stored on the first imaging medium to modify a corresponding aspect of each image stored on the second imaging medium.

In another embodiment, the present invention includes a media simulation software application operable on a computing device. The application is an image receiving module operable to receive each image captured by the plurality of media, and image data derived from at least a portion of each image with respect to non-image data provided by at least one of the plurality of media. And an image transformation module operable to modify the. At least some images originating from the first medium of the plurality of media are selectively transformed based on data from corresponding aspects of the image captured on the second medium of the plurality of media. Each image is captured by a plurality of media through a single lens.

Another embodiment includes a film simulation system that includes a photographic film exposed through a lens to capture visuals. The photographic film has a data storage aspect for further information other than the imaging information. Also included are electronic capture means for capturing visuals through the lens, and means for cross-referenced visuals captured on the electronic capture means with selected portions of visual captured on the photographic film.

Another embodiment relates to a media simulation system comprising a lens for relaying visuals, a visual data recording medium used to record visuals relayed through the lens and to record cross-reference data. Also provided are electronic capture media operable to electronically capture visuals relayed through the lens. The visually captured visually by the electronic capture medium is cross-referenced during the post-production process and selected aspects of the visual recorded by the visual data recording medium in relation to the cross reference data.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention, the presently preferred forms are shown in the drawings, but it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the precise configuration and means shown. The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 illustrates a multi-media hybrid camera operable to capture a single lens-relayed image into film and digital media in accordance with a preferred embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates film and tape media followed by photo-chemical processing, and time code cross-reference data aspects and key frames in which a single filmed image affects a plurality of electronically captured images, according to a preferred embodiment. The approach is illustrated.

3 illustrates a data transformation computing device associated with a data transformation program, in accordance with a preferred embodiment.

4 is output by a data store including images made from a plurality of media captures, associated with corresponding time code data for forcing a cross-media reference to provide a media simulation variant in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. An example of a final digital medium containing a modified image is shown.

Preferably, a system and method are disclosed for providing a plurality of media with visual data that is well stored on a medium while the camera captures a visual scene, commonly referred to herein as "visual." As used herein, "non-visual data" generally refers to any data that is not digital image data included in an image. The term "non-visual data" is not meant to exclude data that cannot be seen, but instead non-visual data is data that is not included in an image.

The first medium of the plurality of media is for example a film, and the second medium of the plurality of media is for example a digital storage device. Non-visual data is stored on either medium, preferably using an image stored on another medium (e.g., a digital storage device) to capture an image stored on one medium (e.g., film). Cross-reference is used during the process of transforming the digital image of the visual. By using non-visual data, the digital image can be cross-referenced with each non-digital image, and the digital image can be transformed without requiring user input or command to identify each. For example, any user input for aesthetic adjustments does not necessarily have to be removed.

As is known in the art, to assign and cross-reference visuals based on data recorded on a variety of media commonly utilized, for example for cross-reference media in double system sound and non-linear editing systems. Several approaches are used. Preferably, cross-reference media is used in hybrid camera configurations for the purpose of media simulation and film origination for the final deformation of electronically captured visuals. Preferably, images recorded on a plurality of media are transmitted through a single lens, recorded separately, and cross referenced in relation to data stored on the cross reference medium.

The following description refers to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicate like elements. The following is a list of some reference numbers and corresponding components illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 according to a preferred embodiment.

101-Visual Scene.

102-beam splitter / image diverter.

103-film stock.

104-Hybrid Multi-Media Camera.

105-videotape or other electronic storage or drive.

106-Digital Visual Data Recorder.

108-lens.

109-digital image capture device (eg, ccd).

110-film exposure gate and shutter.

112-Time code generator that provides data to both media for recording.

201-Magnetic, visual or other recording medium for non-visual data.

203-Film image and corresponding selected number of digital images transformed by data from a single filmed image.

205-Magnetic medium or other option for storing digitally derived images.

206-digital visual recording head or other such as tape.

208-time code / visual data recording means.

209-Digitally captured non-visual image reference data (sent from the original medium).

210-non-visual filmed image reference data (delivered from original media).

301-Monitor display of digitally originated images.

302-Film images and digitized films that digitally deform to simulate the created image and exchange image aspect based on the image and image data corresponding to the digitized film creative images (when displayed on a display monitor) .

303-Digital Image Transformation Computer.

304-Film sourced image reference, digital image transformation program.

305-High resolution DVD or other storage option.

306-User input device, such as a keyboard, for optional aesthetic and functional commands.

401-Digitally originated visual data.

402-Film originated image data.

In a preferred embodiment, the simple and cost-effective configuration of a film simulating, hybrid digital camera, as disclosed in the '011 patent, specifically as shown in FIG. 8, records visual data to multiplex cross-reference, non-visual information. Is used to provide on at least one of the media. Preferably, a small gauge film 103, such as an 8 mm film stock, is used to provide emulsion color response information.

In a preferred embodiment, the familiar cartridge-based product associated with the known super 8 mm film stock, commonly referred to as a super 8 sound cartridge, is an example of a useful application of the film aspect of the embodiment. Typically, consumer film cameras use such or similar products so that sound is added as a continuous, thin strip on the magnetic stripe 201 (FIG. 2), preferably to the film stock and not blocked over the entire length of the stock. Allow to be recorded live on magnetic material. The sound is synchronized with the visual image on the film. The magnetic stripe 201 is preferably an electronic recordable medium disposed on the side of the emulsion region where visuals are recorded, and optionally in a small outer space after the sprocket holes contained in the film stock.

With the aesthetic advantages of any selected emulsion type film stock being optionally provided in a Super 8 sound cartridge containment, in a preferred embodiment, double for recording the resulting digital deformation of the high resolution digitally sourced image. A media system is provided. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that any other electronically captured visual format may be used. Digitally adapted images are cross referenced with images of non-digital media during the post-production process. Thus, the electronic capture aspect of the camera 104 (FIG. 1), for example the electronic time code or associated data generated by the digital image capturer of the camera, is electronically relayed here. The data (e.g., time code data) is not only conveyed and stored in storage means (e.g. tape or drive, or other such storage option) for digital / electronically captured visual 105, but also selected film It is also conveyed to the film capture 111 portion of the camera for storage in aspects of the stock.

The film capture unit 111, preferably configured to receive a Super 8 sound cartridge, also includes a magnetic recording head 107, which is familiar to those skilled in the art and used for Super 8 sound recording. The magnetic recording head 107 preferably provides an electronic stimulus to the magnetic sound stripe 201 added to the film stock, for example to receive and store data related to the associated sound recorded with the microphone. These data are preferably recorded at several frame offsets from the portion of the film emulsion that is recorded at the same instant, thereby allowing adequate space for the components of the camera.

Preferably, the time code data 210 is provided by the magnetic recording head 107 to the magnetic sound stripe 201 of the camera time code generator 112, and the camera time code generator 112 displays an image to be modified later. Provides data for writing on both reference media (eg film) and digital media (eg compact flash memory), including. There is sufficient magnetic medium to store all necessary time code data, or equivalent data type, regardless of the frame rate at which the digitally originated image is captured, depending on whether it is less than 24 frames per second (FPS) or 1 FPS. . Once the film stock is processed in the selected digitization process, the sound stripe data is read and provided to an electronic recording medium, such as a high resolution DVD or computer drive, used to store the digitized film visual.

One advantage provided by the present invention is that the filmed image can be captured at a frame rate significantly different from the image captured by the video. This is different from typical prior art 24 fps film production that includes video assisted footage captured at the same frame rate and used for cross reference. Preferably, the software program 304 included in the embodiment and operable on the computing device addresses data stored on the magnetic stripe 201, addressing a frame rate variation option and representing a series of visually captured visuals 203. Is optionally applied to deform any selected number of digitally (electronically) captured and stored images by addressing a particular application of one filmed key frame providing subsequent digital data.

In other embodiments, the magnetic component and recording material may be replaced by other data recording options that allow for acceptable recorded image cross-reference during the post-production process. One example of another option is visual recording into a film emulsion, and additionally a barcode or other selected data encoding visual record can be used. Optionally, each and all filmed visuals cause the visual data aspects stored in the emulsion by the visual stimulus component of the hybrid, multimedia camera 104 to be selectively printed (exposed, but not necessarily) on the emulsion. Optionally, in contrast to the filmed frame in which the visual data aspect is associated, when the data aspect reading means (e.g., a laser or other visual scanning device) is read, in contrast, these emulsion stored data bits are stored in the frame they correspond to. Is offset from. This optional offset is compensated and corrected so that once the filmed material has been photochemically processed and optionally digitized or scanned and stored as an electronic media facsimile of the filmed image, an appropriately documented data aspect is accurately filmed. Allows to reference an image that has been imported. Alternatively, existing image reference data markers provided to the utilized film stock are read during exposure of the film stock, thereby enabling recording of the electronically captured image. This provides a reliable data link between the media for subsequent identification of the system-related corresponding image between the media.

Prior art approaches to such emulsion based data aspects include KODAK datacode as well as sound synching emulsion recording data of the AATON film camera system. They allow visual data in filmed material with a camera to provide data tracked visuals for cross reference and editing for double system sound recording. In contrast, the software preferably provides a visual-to-visual (s) reference, a link-selected visual of another medium that is simultaneously recorded or that changes frame rate for the purpose of injecting an aspect of one medium appropriately into another. It is appropriately used to provide. This link enables post-manufactured automatic media reference for the selected modification of data in the image captured and stored on one of the various media implemented within the hybrid camera capture device 104 (or the device, “camera” is one Can take the form of a plurality of units of different media, which work in conjunction with a collaborative multimedia capture system).

In addition, an option of pre-recorded filmed frame reference data in the film stock to be exposed to the image data may be provided for reading and recording by the hybrid camera unit or system 104. The pre-recorded film frame reference information may be used to record data in the electronic recording means of the electronic capture aspect of the system, or separately used for electronic recording of the data, such as ancillary data reference means for the electronically captured image. Can be.

Another embodiment includes a system that includes a variety of selected media, which may be electronic or otherwise, and cross-references filmed and electronically captured material that includes a configuration that includes individual visual capture or motion imaging. This alternative embodiment enables careful media simulation by referring to data specific to image transformations for such simulations, regardless of the various media involved.

Preferably, computer-implemented instructions (eg, included in software) are employed by the computing device. The computing device is any device capable of transmitting and receiving data over a communication network, such as a mainframe computer, minicomputer, personal computer, laptop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), and internet access device such as a web TV. Can be. The software preferably includes a data management application that employs an optional image region transformation transformation, thereby allowing the filmed visual to provide a cautious basis for the transformation of the digitally originated image. Corresponding image regions and / or aspects may be identified by one of the optional combinations of various existing digital means, based on the aesthetics and the degree of detail and deformation detail required in a given configuration of the application. Such programs rely on the data links provided between the media herein to distinguish these images related to transforming others between the media. This data provides a framework for an optional media simulating transformation process (these non-visual data is not limited to time code data, etc., but is automatically associated with user input data at capture, camera settings, and lighting conditions). Potentially collected data, or other data useful in digital transformation steps).

With continued reference to FIG. 1, hybrid camera 104 collects slightly offset images by capturing visual scene 101 through lens 108 including two or more separate lenses in an optional configuration. Beam splitting, other image splitting means 102, or optionally selected staggered relays of all lens images, allow the digital capture device 109 and the film gate 110 to capture selected portions of light from the scene captured through the lens. The selected film stock 103, which has an intermittently moving emulsion recording means, preferably receives and records the lens light as the photographic latent image 202 for subsequent chemical processing and digitization.

Digital capture is recorded by the digital recorder 106 via a recording component that includes options such as magnetic recording means 206, magnetic tapes (and, 204, details of such tapes), computer drives known in the art. Or in storage 105, which is another recording medium. In accordance with the present invention, the captured visual reference data is selectively generated by the data generator 112, and the film stock 103, magnetic material 201 or other media via the data providing / recording component 107 specific data. Super 8 sound recording sound / recorded by the data providing component 107 (or in other optional configurations), which is exposed to the relevant stimulus to create a readable data record of a selectable size (not to interfere with image recording). It is optionally written at a selected frame offset, as is typical of that of a visual frame offset. In addition, this data stimulus for exposing non-image data onto the film may be recorded by the hybrid camera time code generator 112 to be recorded in association with the selected image data or in association with the stored digital captured image data. Or refer to other images) optionally made from data optionally generated as data. Such data recorded for the digital capture material is delivered by the recording component 208 to a selected digital data storage option, such as a magnetic tape.

Post-manufacturing aspects include, but are not limited to, that film 103 is chemically processed and digitized, and data recorded by component 107 is recorded as or in connection with aspects of these stored and digitized film originated images. It is not limited to. If all of the related media are electronically sourced, such processing and digitization is preferably bypassed. Computer (s) 303 preferably receives image and non-image data from all relevant media 103, 204, retains them in a selected memory, and employs the non-image data to produce corresponding film originated images. (S) exactly match the selected digitally originated image (s). A single filmed image, or filmed "key frame," provides data for modification of data associated with multiple digitally derived images 203. This is used in the actual deformation process of the digitally originated image based on the filmed image 201 or prior to transfer to additional computing means for use in capture and for use in image data, media simulation transformation or other selected image transformation. In the middle of creating a subsequent data store (e.g., DVD 305 or other media) that includes all images 401, 402 and non-image data 209, 210 from all media that are sinked / correlated to May optionally occur.

Therefore, creating another data store 305 (whether as one of the media or as one or more slaves to operate in conjunction with) includes all image and non-image data as an aspect of the transformation program, optionally one The image aspect of the data from the media of is correlated with the image data from the other media and is thus modified automatically, and the data from a single image of one medium, such as a film, is a series of images originating on another medium such as digital or Can be applied to sequences. A separate software 304 capable of employing such a unique data store is provided by the data transformation computer 303 and is employable, wherein the computer system user loads the media into memory, through a unique sinking and optional transformation process. All digitally originated images (or selected images determined only as "final edits" of the project) can be viewed as modified, film simulating images, optionally introducing an image aspect of one medium to that medium from another medium. Simulate Display 301 displays an image associated with an undeformed medium with monitor 302 displaying the final visual deformed for the purposes described herein. The final aesthetic visual adjustments dependent on the system user via the data entry component 306 or other means may be employed in this regard based on the visuals seen on the monitor 302.

Although described in connection with that particular embodiment of the invention, many other variations and modifications and other uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is preferable that the present invention is not limited to the specific disclosure herein.

Claims (38)

At least one lens operable to optically relay a single visual scene; First and Second Imaging Media-The first and second imaging media are each operable to capture and store respective images of the single visual scene, each of which is stored on the first imaging medium. An image of the image is correlated with the respective image stored on the second imaging medium; And A data management program operable on a computing device to selectively apply aspects of each image stored on the first imaging medium to modify corresponding aspects of each image stored on the second imaging medium Media simulation system comprising a. The media simulation system of claim 1 wherein the respective image stored on the first imaging medium is correlated with the respective image stored on the second imaging medium in relation to non-visual data. The media simulation system of claim 1, wherein the first imaging medium comprises a magnetic recording medium. 4. The media simulation system according to claim 3, wherein the magnetic recording medium stores data related to time code data recorded on the second imaging medium. The media simulation system of claim 3, wherein the magnetic recording medium is provided separately from the image recording medium. 3. The media simulation system of claim 2 wherein the non-visual data is stored as a visual data component recorded in the first imaging medium. 7. The media simulation system of claim 6 wherein the visual data aspect is a readable data code or barcode. The media simulation system of claim 1, wherein the first imaging medium is a photographic film. The method of claim 1, wherein first data is prerecorded on the first imaging medium, and the second imaging medium is recordable during image capture associated with and stored thereon on the first data on the first imaging medium. Media simulation system containing data. The media simulation system of claim 2 wherein the non-visual data comprises a data code. The media simulation system of claim 1 wherein the first imaging medium is a motion picture film and the second imaging medium is operable as a digital capture and storage system. The media simulation system of claim 1, wherein the first imaging medium and the second imaging medium do not record the same number of visuals over one period when recording visual information. The media simulation system of claim 1, wherein the first imaging medium and the second imaging medium are recorded with the same number of visuals over one period. The selected image of claim 2, wherein the non-visual data is recorded by the computing device on the first imaging medium in relation to visuals identified in association with the respective image stored on the second imaging medium. A media simulation system that enables subsequent automatic change of notes. The media simulation system of claim 1, wherein the respective images on the first and second imaging media are subsequently provided in electronic form to a computing device for modification to media simulation. The media simulation system of claim 1, wherein the visual scene is simultaneously recorded on the first and second imaging media. The media simulation system of claim 1 wherein the images stored on the first and second imaging media are captured through a plurality of lenses. The media simulation system of claim 1 wherein the single subsequent storage means comprises images and other data for the images. The media simulation system of claim 1 wherein the single subsequent memory means accessible by the computer comprises images and other data for the images. 20. The media simulation system according to claim 19, wherein the storage means is a DVD. 20. The media simulation system of claim 19 wherein the non-visual data is time code data. An image receiving module operable to receive each image captured by the plurality of media; And An image modification module operable to modify image data derived from at least a portion of each respective image with respect to non-image data provided by at least one of the plurality of media Including, At least some of the images originating from a first medium of the plurality of media are selectively transformed based on data from corresponding aspects of images captured on a second medium of the plurality of media, each of the above Image of the media simulation software application operable on a computing device captured by the plurality of media via a single lens. The media simulation software application of claim 22, wherein one of the plurality of media is a film. A film simulation software application operable on a computing device, Image data operable to derive image data from each image, wherein some of each of the images are captured and initially stored electronically and some of each of the images are captured and initially stored in a film emulsion; And A correlation aspect operable to use non-image data to selectively transform at least a portion of each image stored on the digital medium with respect to the image data derived from the respective image stored within the film emulsion Including, The correlation aspect deforms at least some images based on corresponding aspects of the images stored in the film emulsion, Both the respective image initially stored in the digital medium and the respective image initially stored in the film emulsion were captured through a single camera lens, And the non-image data is stored during capture of each image. Photographic film exposed through the lens to capture the visual; Electronic capture means for capturing the visuals through the lens; And Means for cross-referenced the visuals captured on the electronic capture means with selected portions of the visuals captured on the photographic film Including,  And the photographic film has a data storage aspect for additional information other than imaging information. The film simulation system of claim 25, wherein the information is time code data. A lens that captures as a filmed image on a photographic film and provides visuals to be captured as electronic images on electronic capture means; And Means for providing frame reference data to the recordable aspect of the photographic film Including, The film image and the electronic image are captured substantially simultaneously, Time code data enables the electronic images to be cross-referenced with the film images, and further wherein the electronic images are selectively deformable with respect to the cross-referenced film images. Photographic film for storing images; Electronic imaging medium capture and data recording means for storing the images; And Lenses for providing substantially simultaneous images to be captured and stored through the lens Film simulation system comprising a. A system for modifying electronically captured images in relation to images that are substantially identical to those captured in a photographic film emulsion, Electronic capture means operative in association with the photographic film exposure means; And Cross-reference means for cross-reference to electronic visual data used to selectively transform the electronically captured visuals from the electronically captured visuals and the digitized visual derived from the photographic film A system for modifying electronically captured images comprising a. A lens for relaying visuals; A visual data recording medium used for recording and cross referencing the visuals relayed through the lens; And An electronic capture medium operable to electronically capture the visuals relayed through the lens Including, And wherein the visuals captured electronically by the electronic capture medium are cross-referenced during a post-production process and selected aspects of the visuals recorded by the visual data recording medium in relation to cross-reference data. 31. The media simulation system of claim 30 wherein the cross reference data is time code data. In a media simulation system, A selected visual data recording medium for recording first scene images of the first scene and further storing reference data; And Electronic capture media for electronically capturing second scene images of a second scene Including, Wherein the reference data enables subsequent cross reference between the second scene images and a selected aspect of the first scene images. 33. The media simulation system of claim 32 wherein the visual data recording medium is a photographic film. 33. The media simulation system of claim 32 wherein the first scene and the second scene are the same. 33. The media simulation system of claim 32 wherein the first scene and the second scene are similar. An apparatus for recording visuals captured through a single lens on two or more recording media, A first recording medium for recording the visuals relayed through the single lens; A second recording medium for recording the visuals relayed through the single lens; A data record provided on at least one of the first recording medium and the second recording medium; And A change module for changing at least some of the recorded visuals of the first recording medium in relation to the data recorded by the second recording medium which is cross-referenced in connection with the cross reference data. Including, And the data record comprises medium cross-reference data. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the cross reference data is time code data. A lens in which the first scene is captured; A photographic image recording medium exposed to record selected visual data associated with the first scene; And An electronic capture medium that captures a second scene captured through the lens and relays it to a data store. Including, The aspect of the photographic image recording medium includes and stores non-visual image reference data for post-production cross-reference between a first visual included in the first scene and an aspect of a second visual included in the second scene. camera.

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