KR20070118879A - Forest fire extinguishant and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

A manufacturing method of forest fire extinguishant is provided to obtain an eco-friendly fire extinguishant that is suitable for extinguishing of forest fire by selecting various additives and biodegradable surfactants. A manufacturing method of forest fire extinguishant is to mix and stir a saturated solution of sodium phosphate and surfactant. 20 to 30 volume% of saturated solution of sodium phosphate and 70 to 80 volume% of surfactant are stirred and mixed. The sodium phosphate is sodium phosphate dibasic(Na2HPO4.12H2O). The surfactant is the surfactant that is extracted from palm oil. The surfactant contains 95% of palm oil and 5% of trace elements. The trace elements include ethylene oxide and sodium lauryl sulfate.

Description

Forest fire extinguishing agent manufacturing method {Forest fire extinguishant and manufacturing method}

1 is a photograph showing before the land plant growth test for the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1.

Figure 2 is a photograph showing one month after the land plant growth test for the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a fire extinguishing agent including a surfactant and sodium phosphate.

Forest fires, which are fires that occur in forests, are defined as the combustion of combustibles in forests due to ignition sources caused by humans or natural causes in forests, and deciduous, octopus, herbaceous, and woody forests are burned in forests. to be. The causes of forest fires are fire accidents, fires, incineration of agricultural waste, military fire drills, and lightning strikes. Most of them are caused by human resources from minor carelessness.

Factors affecting wildfire propagation include combustibles, topography, and weather. Combustibles are the most important influencing factors for fire propagation. Depending on the type, size, arrangement, density, and state of the combusted products, they are involved in the behavior of the fire such as flame propagation rate and enlarged area. In addition, the direction of fire, the direction of fire, and the velocity may change depending on the overall shape of the forest, the topography such as the slope of the forest, and weather conditions such as wind speed, humidity, and temperature during a forest fire.

The topography of Korea's mountains is steep and undulating, so the flame propagation speed is about eight times faster than the plain. Especially in the 1970s, according to the government's forest development policy, forests were luxuriant and there were many deciduous leaves on the surface. According to these factors, wildfires occur in Korea and spread very rapidly, causing enormous damage. The most important factor for reducing forest fire damage is forest fire extinguishing time. In order to reduce the time required for extinguishing fire, high-performance fire extinguishing agent is needed to extinguish the fire more quickly. Extinguishing agent for extinguishing forest fires is generally used in large quantities. Toxicity to the environment should be low because it must be prevented.

Extinguishing agents come in several varieties depending on the fire and usage. Among them, the fire extinguishing agent which extinguishes by using the suffocation effect that blocks the oxygen supply from the atmosphere and the cooling effect of water has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and easy application to large-scale fires. It has a disadvantage that it cannot be used portable because of excessive usage. In addition, the use of synthetic surfactants and wetting agents (wetting agents) to apply oil fire drugs to Class A fires raises questions about the reliability of forest fire extinguishing agents and solves secondary problems such as environmental hazards. Inevitable

In case of powder fire extinguishing agent mainly composed of ammonium monophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc., pyrolysis generates ammonia, carbon dioxide and water, among which ammonia and carbon dioxide dilute air to suppress oxygen supply The fire is extinguished by water cooling. In addition, the anhydride of the powder extinguishing agent is generally fused to the surface of the combustibles (combustibles) to form a film, to suppress the oxygen supply to double the digestive effect.

However, ammonium monophosphate may cause irritation upon skin and eye contact and needs to be cleaned within 15 minutes. When ingested, vomiting and diarrhea have been reported. When using ammonium monophosphate, phosphoric acid compounds, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ammonia vapors, which are highly toxic substances due to soft decomposition, are generated and require caution.

ABC powder fire extinguishing agent based on ammonium phosphate as a main component has the advantage of being applicable to all fires, oil fires, and electric fires, and can be used as a fertilizer for forests after extinguishing forest fires. However, the ammonium phosphate monobasic has the characteristics of absorbency, there is a problem that the solidification, deterioration of the long-term storage and excessive volume ratio of the extinguishing performance and the volume of the extinguisher is too large, and it is impossible to use in domestic firefighting helicopters.

In the 1990s, the need for extinguishing agents that are very effective, easily and completely extinguishing for forest fires, has been developed. Several types of liquid extinguishing agents have been developed, mainly containing sodium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate and urea. These liquid extinguishing agents reduce the surface tension of water through the chemical reaction of generating carbon dioxide and a large amount of carbon dioxide during fire application, and reduce the surface tension of water and reappear when water adheres to and penetrates the flammable surface and core through the use of an infiltrating agent. It is effective in reducing the amount of water used to prevent fire. Such a wetting agent mainly uses an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant, and has excellent foaming power and is used as an additive for controlling foaming power of a foaming agent. In addition, antifreeze is added so that it can be used in winter, and due to this effect, the extinguishing agent is not frozen or condensed. The additives used in these antifreezes are alcohol-based components, which serve to easily dissolve and disperse powdery additives in the preparation of the extinguishing agent. In the case of foaming agent, various additives are used for foam stabilization and as a thickener to improve the stability of the foam generated.

However, most of these extinguishing agents are mainly weakly acidic or basic, and as a result, they rapidly corrode metal tanks, such as fire engines or helicopters, to contain metals. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the manufacturing cost is relatively expensive.

Currently, fire extinguishing agents for fire extinguishing which are used at home and abroad are in most cases of improvement based on fire extinguishing agents for oil fires. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agents for forest fires.

According to the present invention, an environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent can be produced by selecting various additives and selecting a biodegradable surfactant, and performing a mixed test in order to produce an environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent suitable for forest fire extinguishing. .

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent manufacturing method suitable for fire extinguishing in a forest.

The fire extinguishing agent for forest fire extinguishing of the present invention may be prepared by mixing and stirring a saturated aqueous solution of sodium phosphate and a surfactant.

The fire extinguishing agent for forest fire extinguishing of the present invention can be obtained by mixing and stirring 20-30% by volume of a saturated aqueous sodium phosphate solution and 70-80% by volume of a surfactant. Preferably, it is obtained by mixing and stirring 24.6% by volume of saturated aqueous sodium phosphate solution and 75.4% by volume of surfactant.

In the above sodium phosphate monobasic sodium phosphate (anhydrous) (NaH ₂ PO ₄ ), dibasic sodium phosphate (anhydrous) (Na ₂ HPO ₄ ), trisodium phosphate (anhydrous) (Na ₃ PO ₄ ), monophosphate Sodium (crystal) (NaH ₂ PO ₄ · 2H ₂ O), Dibasic sodium phosphate (crystal) (Na ₂ HPO ₄ · 12H ₂ O), Trisodium phosphate (crystal) (Na ₃ PO ₄ · 12H ₂ O) At least one selected from among them, preferably dibasic sodium phosphate (crystal) (Na ₂ HPO ₄ · 12H ₂ O) can be used.

The surfactant may be a surfactant extracted from palm oil or a surfactant product extracted from palm oil commercially available.

The components of the surfactant extracted from the palm oil or the surfactant product extracted from the commercially available palm oil are 95% of palm oil and 5% of trace components.

Trace components among the components of the surfactant oil extracted from the palm oil or commercially available palm oil products include ethylene oxide, acitamine, and sodium lauryl sulfate. In this case, the trace component content may be 0.5 to 3.5% of ethylene oxide, 0.5 to 1.0% of acitamine, and 0.5 to 4% of sodium lauryl sulfate.

When the fire extinguishing agent for the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention was prepared with various ingredients, contents and conditions, the fire extinguishing agent for the fire extinguishing agent for the purpose of the present invention was prepared according to the above-mentioned ingredients, contents and conditions. It is advisable to make fire extinguishing agents.

Meanwhile, the present invention includes a fire extinguishing agent prepared by the above-mentioned method.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in detail through examples and test examples. However, these are intended to explain the present invention in more detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

<Example 1>

Sodium phosphate was added to purified water at room temperature to obtain a saturated aqueous sodium phosphate solution.

24.6% by volume of the saturated aqueous solution of sodium phosphate and 75.4% by volume of the surfactant were stirred and mixed at 100 rpm for 30 minutes. When the mixing was completed, the stirring was stopped to prepare a fire extinguishing agent.

In the above sodium phosphate dibasic sodium phosphate (crystal) (Na ₂ HPO ₄ · 12H ₂ O) was used.

In the above, the surfactant was extracted from palm oil, and a surfactant composed of palm oil 95%, ethylene oxide 2.3%, acitamine 0.7%, and sodium lauryl sulfate 2% was used.

<Example 2>

Extinguishing fire extinguishing for forest fires in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using a surfactant made from palm oil 95% palm oil, 3% ethylene oxide, 1% acitamine, 1% sodium lauryl sulfate A medicament was prepared.

<Example 3>

Extinguishing fire extinguishing for forest fires in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using a surfactant oil extracted from palm oil 95%, ethylene oxide 4%, acitamine 0.5%, sodium lauryl sulfate 0.5% A medicament was prepared.

<Test Example 1> Basic property test

As a basic physical test for the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1, basic physical tests such as pH, freezing point, specific gravity, surface tension, and viscosity were measured.

For each property test method, pH is KS M 0011 "Measurement of pH of aqueous solution", Freezing point is KS M 0003 "Measurement of freezing point of chemicals", Specific gravity is KS M 0004 "Measurement of specific gravity of chemicals", Viscosity is KS The experiment was conducted in accordance with M 2014 "Kinematic Viscosity and Viscosity Test Method", and the applicability in the field was evaluated using the above test results.

When the pH measurement test was conducted according to the test method of KS M 0011 "Method of measuring pH of aqueous solution", the result should be alkaline, and the pH of the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 was 8.5, indicating alkalinity. Indicated.

The freezing point test is a test to determine whether a fire extinguishing agent can be used in winter. When the test is carried out according to the test method of KS M 0003 "Measurement of freezing point of chemicals", the result should be below 20 ℃. do. The freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 was represented by -25 ° C. or lower, and the results corresponded to the test standard.

Specific gravity measurement test is to be carried out according to the test method of KS M 0004 "Measurement of specific gravity of chemicals" and the result should be ± 0.02 of design value when measured at 20 ± 2 ℃. Specific gravity of the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 showed a result meeting the test standard.

Surface tension measurement test is related to permeability of fire extinguishing material and generation of foam. It is a test method that calculates tension of liquid level and platinum ring by using the Dunnui surface tension meter. Assay criteria to function as a fire extinguishing agent should be less than 33 dyne / cm. The surface tension of the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 exhibited a value of 32.42 dyne / cm, indicating a result meeting the assay criteria.

Viscosity measurement test should be ± 30% of the design value when measured at room temperature with type B viscometer according to KS M 2014 "Kinematic Viscosity and Viscosity Test Method of Petroleum Products". The viscosity of the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 was 1312cp. The results were shown to meet the test criteria.

Test Example 2 Corrosion Test

This test was carried out to confirm the application of the helicopter. Due to the characteristics of helicopters, a container containing a fire extinguishing agent is separately installed.This test is performed to prevent the extinguishing agent from losing the metal container when the extinguishing agent is contained in the metal container. Criteria "The test shall be carried out in accordance with Article 6, Paragraph 5. In this case, the criterion shall be that the weight loss of the metal specimens shall be 3 mg / 20 cm ² or less per day.

Corrosion test for the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 is carried out using five kinds of materials such as Al, Fe, Cu, Mg, STS (Stainless Steel), the container material currently applied in the field and the The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Corrosion test of extinguishing agents

Type of metal Before corrosion (mg) Corrosion period Weight loss per day (mg / day) 7l days (mg) 14 days (mg) 21 mg Al 0.5% 7470.2 7470.0 7470.3 7467.2 0.14 1.0% 7107.4 7105.8 7106.3 7102.5 0.23 Stock solution 7169.4 7168.8 7168.7 7171.6 -0.1 Fe 0.5% 22853.8 22853.8 22854.6 22843.4 0.5 1.0% 22789.2 22790.3 22791.2 22779.5 0.46 Stock solution 22903.3 22902.3 22904.1 22893.0 0.49 Cu 0.5% 23382.6 23382.1 23382.9 23370.8 0.56 1.0% 23159.7 23159.3 23160.9 23149.1 0.5 Stock solution 23292.2 23291.4 23292.6 23281.0 0.53 Mg 0.5% 4093 4089 4081 4073 0.93 1.0% 4092 4088 4081 4075 0.81 Stock solution 4104 4095 4084 4079 1.19 STS 0.5% 20870.1 20866.8 20864.0 20846.0 1.15 1.0% 20616.2 20611.5 20609.1 20594.4 1.04 Stock solution 20560.5 20561.7 20562.6 20566.5 -0.29

In the case of the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, as shown in the results of Table 1, the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 of the present invention passes the test criteria for the test of corrosive stone. Can be used.

<Test Example 3> Aging test

This test was conducted to evaluate how long the extinguishing agent can maintain its original properties in harsh environments.

The extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 was maintained at 65 ± 2 ° C. for 216 hours, and then reduced to room temperature, again maintained at 18 ± 2 ° C. for 24 hours, and then reduced to room temperature to confirm the precipitation amount. The amount of precipitation below% should be shown.

There was no sedimentation amount of the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1, and there was no apparent color change, which is shown in Table 2. In addition, the physical properties of the extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 after the alteration promotion test was retested, and the changes before and after the aging test are shown in Table 3.

Table 2. Example 1 Color change of extinguishing agents before and after aging

Item color Before aging After aging Example 1 Off White No change

Table 3. Changes in Physical Properties of Extinguishing Agents Before and After Aging

Physical properties Before aging After aging pH 8.5 8.9 Viscosity (cp) 1312 2850 Surface tension (dyne / cm) 179.84 385.64 Precipitation - No precipitation

Test Example 4 Environmental Characteristic Evaluation (1)

The fish acute toxicity test was carried out to investigate whether the fire extinguishing agent prepared in the present invention has environmentally friendly characteristics.

Water was added to the fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 to use a 3% diluent.

In the test method, a reagent was added to a space such as a tank where fish live, and the concentration of surviving half the fish for 96 hours was used.

In the beaker and put the fire extinguishing agent of Example 1 was repeated to measure the LC50 after 96 hours.

After 96 hours for the extinguishing agent of Example 1, the concentration of LC50 was 2895 ppm, and in the case of fish acute toxicity test, it was 2000 ppm or more, which is the standard of the Ministry of Environment.

Test Example 5 Environmental Characteristic Evaluation (2)

The land plant growth test was conducted to investigate whether the fire extinguishing agent for acid fire extinguishing prepared in the present invention has environmentally friendly characteristics.

Terrestrial plant growth test is divided into three groups as shown in Figure 1 group A is a control group not injected with the extinguishing agent of Example 1, group B was administered to the group administered with 10cc of diluent of the extinguishing agent of Example 1, group C The growth test was performed under the same conditions except that 10cc of the digestive medicine stock solution of Example 1 was injected 100cc twice a week at room temperature.

One month after the growth experiment, as shown in FIG. 2, it was confirmed that there is little difference in the growth of the plants of group B and C into which the extinguishing agent of Example 1 was injected compared to the control group A.

Therefore, the fire extinguishing agent for forest fire extinguishing according to the present invention was found to be environmentally friendly without affecting the land plant growth.

As described above, although described with reference to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art will be variously modified and modified within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims below. It will be appreciated that it can be changed.

The fire extinguishing agent for forest fire extinguishing according to the present invention has all the necessary characteristics as a fire extinguishing agent, as shown in the results of the above test example. Can be.

Therefore, the present invention can provide a fire extinguishing agent for forest fire extinguishing can be a fire extinguisher using a helicopter when there is a wildfire and there is no environmental risk for the extinguishing agent remaining after the fire extinguishing.

Claims (5)

A method for preparing a fire extinguishing agent for mixing a saturated aqueous solution of sodium phosphate with a surfactant. The method for producing a fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein 20 to 30% by volume of a saturated aqueous sodium phosphate solution and 70 to 80% by volume of a surfactant are stirred and mixed. The method of claim 1, wherein the sodium phosphate is disodium phosphate (crystal) (Na ₂ HPO ₄ .12H ₂ O). The method according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a surfactant extracted from palm oil. Fire extinguishing agent prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

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