KR20070118238A - Absorbent article containing a density gradient in at least two directions, and method for the manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An absorbent article includes a liquid permeable cover, a baffle material, and an absorbent structure disposed between the cover and baffle material. The absorbent structure includes a retention zone having a varying density gradient in at least two dimensions and a protection zone having a portion with a density less than a minimum density of the density gradient in the retention zone. The retention zone may be defined in a first region of the absorbent structure having a first basis weight and the protection zone may be defined in a second region of the absorbent structure having a second basis weight that is greater than the first basis weight.

Description

ABSORBENT ARTICLE CONTAINING A DENSITY GRADIENT IN AT LEAST TWO DIRECTIONS, AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF}

<Related application>

This application claims priority based on Brazilian patent application PI0501157, filed March 31, 2005.

The present invention relates to an absorbent article comprising a density gradient in at least two dimensions forming an absorbent / retaining layer comprising a retention zone and a guard zone, and also an absorbent side barrier. The present invention also relates to a method of making the absorbent article. The invention also relates to an absorbent article having one or more protective zones and a retention zone defined within the absorbent structure material having different basis weights and volumes.

In the prior art, absorbent articles, for example, intimate absorbent articles (ie feminine hygiene absorbent articles) are known to have comfort and discretion as their main features and high reliability for the large absorption and leakage of body fluids. It is. The requirements include variables that are not always combined in an effective manner.

Adjacent absorbent articles are located in the female pubic area, which stresses while moving and should provide comfort when used; Larger articles can cause irritation and, as a result, may be uncomfortable even during short periods of use. On the other hand, smaller sizes involve smaller absorption areas, so smaller articles increase the risk of leakage. Optimum dimensioning should be accompanied by material features that complement the smaller, more appropriate size for the product.

Also important is the shape of the absorber. Anatomical fit also provides comfort in use. Prior art absorbent articles have a nearly rectangular format with rounded tops and slightly narrowed areas in the middle. Larger areas provide greater anatomical suitability, but known solutions do not combine these features without loss of efficiency in retention of body fluids; Thus, a more anatomical product has a shorter shelf life and consequently needs to be replaced at shorter intervals.

The absorbent characteristics of the absorbent article are determined by the absorbent material used and the number of absorbent layers provided. Known absorbent articles incorporate very many absorbent layers to impart greater efficiency to the product. Hygroscopic articles are also used to more easily transfer body fluid into the interior of the layers of the article and provide increased comfort in this manner. What often happens is that better absorption is associated with a larger volume of absorbent as a function of a larger number of layers and a greater amount of hygroscopic article; In this way the average consumer will need to choose between the most discerning and the most efficient.

Another aspect related to the prior art is reliability. Reliable absorbent articles can retain body fluids (especially physiological fluids) without any leakage, which strictly includes the features of comfort combined with efficiency. When the limitations of the aforementioned features, namely thickness, anatomical format, absorbent capacity, etc., are not observed, the risk of leakage continues and is quite frequent.

The prior art typically solves this problem by sacrificing other features that necessarily eliminate the comfort, efficiency and reliability of the product; Nevertheless, there is still a need to provide a product that can incorporate the functional features discussed above.

In connection with this aspect, a myriad of documents suggesting solutions are known:

Ireland patent 56006 relates to absorbent articles, in particular disposable diapers, starting at the base and reducing the density of the absorbent layer; The density distinguished at the level of the absorbent layer allows for the distribution of the fluid, in this case urine.

US Pat. No. 3,871,378 relates to an absorbent article comprising a low density hydrophobic covering in contiguous relationship with a material having a high density hydrophobic absorbent core to more quickly facilitate the transfer of body fluid from the covering to the core. The arrangement provides an advantageous density gradient for the drainage of the fluid in the direction of the core, where the fluid is then retained.

US Patent 4,781,710 relates to an absorbent element having a density pattern comprising low density rising zones separated by enclosed channels; The channel comprises a transport and storage zone, wherein the storage zone or transport zone separates and encloses another storage zone or transport zone; The transport zone has a density that is greater than the density of the storage zone whose density is greater than that of the rising zone.

Brazilian patent BR 8105365 A relates to an absorbent structure comprising a pad having a substantially rectangular shape and a density gradient in which the density of the pad increases from the center to the transverse end.

Brazilian patent BR 0004245 A relates to an absorbent core for use in disposable absorbent articles, for example infant and adult diapers, disposable training pants or women's adjacent absorbent articles, wherein the material has at least three zones in the absorbent core, i. E. Storage bands, drainage bands and one or more transition bands are distributed in such a way that they are formed.

In all the prior art mentioned above, the density gradient is entirely unidirectional or vertical / horizontal. In this case, the protection against leakage is partial and does not prevent some of the body fluid from accumulating in small portions until it is drained and leached in the other direction.

Prior art absorbent articles with unidirectional density gradients do not introduce retention elements against lateral leaching, in addition to having no directional fluid distribution. If the distribution of removed body fluid on the absorbent article is not achieved, which makes the surface of the article in contact with the body less drenched, it would be necessary to place a competing element at the edge capable of retaining the fluid retained on the absorbent article. .

A further aspect not also achieved by the prior art absorbent articles is the retention of the fluid delivered to the absorbent core. The decreasing density, starting at the core, allows drainage of body fluid in the direction of the absorption zone, but also allows the return of fluid in the direction of the outermost layer that causes surface accumulation and lateral leaching.

A lack of shape, including a system that distributes body fluids throughout the body as well as in the direction of the absorption zone, impairs the efficiency of the absorbent article, causes discomfort and soaking sensations, and does not perform in an effective manner, and therefore for shorter Absorbents should be replaced at intervals.

<Object of invention>

It is an object of the present invention to include an absorbent article having vertical and transverse and optionally longitudinal density gradients that allow flow distribution through a larger area of the article, which increases comfort in use over longer periods of time.

Another object of the present invention involves the provision of a superabsorbent layer of material overlying a lower density zone to increase protection against leakage.

It is another object of the present invention to place a lower density zone underneath the hydrophobic covering zone to reduce dampness in fluid return and use.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the absorbent article of the present invention.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an absorbent article having improved fluid intake, storage, and leakage protection provided by absorbent structures having zones of different basis weights with varying density retention zones. Zones of different basis weights may be defined by gradual or gradual changes in the basis weight of the absorbent structure material.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an absorbent article having an absorbent structure disposed between a cover and a baffle material, the absorbent structure having a change in X-dimension defined within a first zone of the absorbent structure having a first basis weight. And a guard zone defined in the second zone of the absorbent article having a density less than the minimum density within the retention zone and having a second basis weight that is greater than the first basis weight.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

1 shows an exploded view of a possible shape of an absorbent article showing all layers of absorbent material;

2A-2B show the selection for the absorber / retainer layer of an absorber, showing areas of retention and guard zones and areas of density (density gradient) that change radially outward from maximum density to minimum density;

3 and 4 show exploded views of an absorbent article showing the absorbent side barrier and the area of the treated permeable covering (hydrophobic region).

FIG. 5A shows a top plan view of an absorbent article in one shape with no acquisition layer and no superabsorbent barrier, with density gradients in the X and Y directions.

5B shows a top plan view of the absorbent article in one shape with an acquisition layer and with no superabsorbent barrier, with density gradients in the X, Y, and Z directions.

5C shows a top plan view of an absorbent article in another shape having an acquisition layer and no superabsorbent barrier, having a density gradient in the X, Y, and Z directions.

5D shows a top plan view of an absorbent article in another shape having an acquisition layer and a superabsorbent barrier, with density gradients in the X, Y, and Z directions.

5E shows a top plan view of an absorbent article in another shape having an acquisition layer and a superabsorbent barrier, with density gradients in the X, Y, and Z directions.

6A shows a top plan view of an embossment pattern of an absorbent layer having a preferred diamond pattern.

6B shows a top plan view of an embossed pattern of an absorbent layer having a triangular pattern.

6C shows a top plan view of an embossed pattern of an absorbent layer having a square pattern.

6D shows a top plan view of the embossed pattern of the absorber layer with the line pattern.

6E shows a top plan view of an embossed pattern of an absorber layer having a vertical line pattern.

6F shows a top plan view of an embossed pattern of an absorbent layer having a diagonal pattern.

6G shows a top plan view of an embossed pattern of an absorbent layer having a sinusoidal pattern.

6H shows a top plan view of an embossed pattern of an absorbent layer having a circular pattern.

7 illustrates an embodiment of an embossing roll to achieve density variation in an embossing pattern.

8 shows an embodiment of another embossing roll to achieve density variation in the embossing pattern.

9A shows a schematic showing the shape of the product and the flow distribution within the product in use, with the central cross section showing the action of the absorbent material as a barrier.

9B shows a schematic showing the shape of the product and the flow distribution within the product in use, and the perspective view shows how the fluid is distributed as a function of the barrier and density gradient zone formed in use.

10A is a cross-sectional schematic view of another embodiment of an absorbent article in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

10B is a top plan view of the absorbent article embodiment shown in FIG. 10A.

10C is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of an absorbent article according to the invention, in particular illustrating an alternative shape of the retention zone.

11 is a top perspective view of an absorbent article embodiment in accordance with the present invention comprising a particular retention zone shape.

12 is a top perspective view of another embodiment of an absorbent article according to the present invention illustrating different retention zone shapes.

13 is an end perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an absorbent article according to the present invention, and particularly illustrates the height difference between the various absorbent structure zones.

FIG. 14 is a bottom perspective view of an absorbent core layer that may be used in various absorbent article embodiments according to the present invention, and particularly illustrates the pattern of densified regions defined within the bottom surface of the absorbent core material.

15 is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of an absorbent article in accordance with the present invention comprising the absorbent core shape shown in FIG.

16A-16D are top plan views of alternative embossing patterns that may be defined in one or more layers of the absorbent structure of an article according to the present invention.

Reference is now made to various embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. The embodiments are presented to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It is to be understood that the features illustrated or described with respect to one embodiment may be used in conjunction with the other embodiments to produce additional embodiments. The present invention includes the above modifications and variations to the embodiments described herein.

In one particular embodiment, the partially permeable covering 1; An absorbent / retaining layer 3 having a density gradient in the Y direction and the X direction in the range of about 0.06 g / cm ³ to 0.20 g / cm ³ , or any other density value in the absorption region; Impermeable covering 5; An absorbent article is provided that includes a removable strip 7 and multiple adhesive layers 8.

The invention also

Supplying a covering sheet, an absorbent / retaining layer, and a lower sheet, each having side and vertical edges;

Laminating the absorbent / retaining layer to the covering sheet and to the lower sheet such that the absorbent / retaining layer is disposed between the covering sheet and the lower sheet; And

Obtaining the density in a mechanical manner in both the X and Y directions in the laminated covering sheet and in the absorbent / retaining layer such that there is a totally decreasing density gradient from the center of the covering sheet to the side and longitudinal edges of the article.

It includes a method of producing an absorbent article comprising a.

The invention also

Liquid permeable cover;

Baffle material;

An absorbent structure located between the cover and the baffle material, wherein the absorbent structure has a retention zone having a density gradient varying in X-dimension, defined within a first zone of the absorbent structure having a first basis weight, and the retention A protection zone defined in a second zone of the absorbent article having a substantially uniform density less than the minimum density of the density gradient within the zone and having a second basis weight greater than the first basis weight, wherein the protection zone The zone is defined longitudinally along the opposite lateral side of the absorbent structure)

It includes an absorbent article comprising a.

According to Fig. 1, the absorbent article of the present invention has a partially permeable covering (1) present on the side in contact with the body, a low density acquisition layer (2), and an absorbent / retaining layer (3) having a density gradient in the (Y) direction. ), Side absorbing barriers (4), impermeable coverings (5) present on the side of the garment, removable strips (7) to protect the locating adhesive (7), multiple layers to hold all components of the interconnected product Adhesive 8, and a layer of adhesive 6 specifying a position for holding the product fixed to the undergarment in use. In another form of the invention, the absorbent / retaining layer 3 has a density gradient in the (X) and (Y) directions.

While an embodiment of an absorbent article according to the present invention is illustrated in the figures as having an overall "dog bone" form, the present invention is not limited to the above form and may be any conventional form including ellipses, hourglasses, rectangles, and the like. It should be understood to include absorbent article forms.

The absorbent article includes a partially permeable covering (1), which may be partially treated with a surfactant and defines a central hydrophilic zone of length ranging from about 35 mm to 65 mm, not to exceed about 70% of the total area of the absorbent article. . This feature makes the covering permeable to body fluids in the treated zone where the fluid is released and impermeable in terms of acting as a barrier to the fluid protecting the user against side leakage.

The acquisition layer 2 produces a density gradient having a density that may range from about 0.03 g / cm ³ to 0.09 g / cm ³ in the Z direction. The acquisition layer may comprise soft fibers comprising about 85% cellulose pulp fibers and about 15% bicomponent polyethylene / polypropylene fibers, or any other material composition for the same purpose or use. In other shapes, the acquisition layer 2 may comprise a nonwoven fabric comprising about 50% bicomponent polyethylene / polypropylene fibers, or any other material composition for the same purpose or use.

The acquisition layer 2 may be about 30 mm to about 50 mm wide and may be about 50 mm up to the total length of the finished product. The low density property allows for very fast fluid acquisition in the article and can provide greater comfort to the user as a function of its softness property.

The absorbent / retaining layer 3 has a density in the range of 0.06 g / cm ³ to 0.20 g / cm ³ (or any other density value in the absorbing region) and contains an absorbent paper and a superabsorbent polymer such as sodium acrylate. Soft cellulose pulp fibers. Retention / absorption layer 3 may have an hourglass form with a minimum width of about 42 mm to about 75 mm in the center and a maximum width of about 60 mm to about 85 mm in the lobe. The absorbent / retentive layer is divided into two zones:

1. Retention zone 3a: can be bounded in racetrack or hourglass format by side embossed channels, corresponding to up to about 60% of absorbent / retention layer 3 having a thickness of about 1.5 mm to about 3.5 mm That is a zone of variable density. The retention zone may have a density gradient in the range of about 0.08 g / cm ³ to about 0.20 g / cm ³ , preferably about 0.10 g / cm ³ to 0.14 g / cm ³ . The retention zone has a maximum density (0.20 g / cm ³ ) at the center of the absorption / retention layer 3, the maximum density in the length of about 20 mm to about 200 mm in the (X) direction and in the (Y) direction. Constant over a width of about 15 mm to about 40 mm. The region of maximum density provides optimum fluid distribution due to its high capillary action. As the distance increases in the (Y) direction from the center of the absorbent article, the density decreases, creating a capillary phenomenon and a fluid distribution gradient, about 0.08 g at the boundary of the retention zone that can be bounded by the embossed channel. A minimum density of / cm ³ is obtained. This property of the retention zone provides optimized fluid distribution in the (X) direction at the center of the absorption zone and reduces fluid distribution on the side of the absorbent article, reducing the likelihood of side leakage and increasing the utilization of the absorbent layer. Furthermore, assuming that fibers located within the zone containing the body fluid discharge are less saturated as a function of maximized fluid distribution, the rate of absorption is improved for the repeat situation of body fluid discharge. The retention zone corresponds to the region of the absorption / retention layer 3 with sufficient absorbent material to absorb at least 4 g of the physiological fluid in certain embodiments.

It is noteworthy that the density gradient can be obtained in a mechanical manner placed on a homogeneous absorbent / retaining layer having the same amount of absorbent material distributed throughout its area. The density gradient can be obtained in two ways:

a) Embossing studs with different heights from center to edge, with the maximum stud height at the center of the absorbent article (also referred to herein as "pin"). The height decreases with increasing distance from the center. The variation in height from one area of the stud to the next area may range from about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm, preferably from about 0.3 mm to about 0.6 mm;

b) Embossing studs with different compression areas with the largest area at the center and the small area at the furthest from the center. Each compression area may range from about 1 mm ² to about 16 mm ² , preferably from about 2 mm ² to 4 mm ^{2 in the center} , and from about 0.01 mm ² to about 2 mm ² , preferably at the outer portion of the retention zone. Preferably about 0.8 mm ² to 1.5 mm ² .

The embossing studs preferably have a diamond shape, but may have other patterns, such as squares, lines, vertical lines, diagonal lines, sinusoids or shapes (eg waveforms), polygons, circles, triangles and other shapes. .

In the shape where the density gradient of the absorbent / retaining layer 3 is three-dimensional, the gradient also faces greater difficulties in distribution when the fluid approaches the end of the product, so as to reduce the possibility of leakage through the end of the product. It changes in the (Z) direction. This shape is particularly effective for night products where a larger portion of the leak occurs through the end of the product.

2. Guard zone (3b): A zone of preferably constant density, surrounding the retention zone, corresponding to up to about 40% of the absorption / retention layer (3). The guard zone has a lowest density of the absorbent / retaining layer 3, with a density ranging from about 0.04 g / cm ³ to about 0.10 g / cm ³ and a preferred density ranging from about 0.07 g / cm ³ to 0.08 g / cm ^3. Is in the area. The zone has a thickness of about 2.5 mm to about 8 mm, preferably about 4 mm to about 7 mm. The difference between the density of the center of the retention zone and the density of the guard zone is at least about 0.02 g / cm ³ . The guard zone has the property of having an absorption / retention layer of the lowest capillary phenomenon underlying the hydrophobic region of the nonwoven covering. The feature, low density, and the hydrophobic nonwoven overlying it maximizes protection against side leakage. The guard zone may comprise embossed channels in racetrack or hourglass format and serve as a fluid distributor as a fluid barrier to reduce the likelihood of side leaks, thereby reducing the possibility of side leakage. In shape, width, and amount).

Since the two zones also provide an improvement in comfort and suitability assuming that the central portion of the absorbent / retaining layer 3 has a higher density and allows for better absorption, including the region of least strain in use, The outer region of the softest absorbent article provides greater comfort and less return resulting from the hydrophobic region of the covering.

The combination of the embossing of the holding band and the channel of the guard band gives the 'M' shaped form with the following advantages in use:

a. The channels improve their distribution by their density / capillary phenomena and create side barriers that prevent the occurrence of leaks;

b. The embossing of the retention zones results in the desired deformation of the product (from format "∧" to "M") in use, which distributes the fluid very quickly in the X direction by its high density. It also creates a deep zone or cavity ('M' shaped) that provides a side barrier of the absorbent material to prevent leakage while the fluid is distributed and absorbed by the absorbent core. This mechanically simulates the properties of the acquisition layer without requiring special materials or chemical treatments to realize the above features.

The combination of retention zones and guard zones present in the absorbent / retention layer of the absorbent article of the present invention also produces a thickness gradient where a smaller thickness is obtained at the retention zone in the center of the absorbent article and a larger thickness is obtained at the guard zone. Introduce into.

To improve protection against side leakage, the absorbent articles of the present invention may have an absorbent side barrier.

The absorbent side barrier can be located on at least one of the sides of the acquisition layer 2, which lies below the hydrophobic region of the treated covering zone and over the protective zone of the absorbent / retaining layer 3. The side barrier exhibits additional absorption located in the area where the majority of the leak occurs during use, which is the side of the absorbent article. It is contemplated that the barrier is made from different kinds of absorbent materials, such as:

a) hot melt superabsorbent material, such as HB Fuller HM1100: the superabsorbent is a hot melt adhesive applied on at least one line on at least one of the sides of the absorbent article, the superabsorbent line having a width of about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, preferably in the range of about 3 mm to about 7 mm, in length in the range of about 30 mm to about 300 mm, preferably in the range of about 40 mm to about 60 mm, the concentration of which is about 0.05 g / side To about 5 g / side, preferably 0.1 g / side to 0.3 g / side. The superabsorbent also has a high capillary action characteristic that aids in the distribution of fluid in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article, when used, aids in reducing the saturation of the main absorbent region containing the discharged body fluid. This property increases the absorption rate when repeated release of fluid occurs, assuming that the absorbent fibers are less saturated, and increases the absorbent capacity assuming that the absorbent article will utilize a large area of the absorbent layer. Another advantage of the material is that the placement of the superabsorbent is ensured if required, maximizing the performance of the absorbent article.

b) an airlaid type material containing a superabsorbent in its composition, the material being applied in at least one strip on at least one of the sides of the absorbent article; The superabsorbent strip has a width in the range of about 3 mm to about 10 mm, a length in the range of about 30 mm to about 300 mm, preferably about 40 mm to about 60 mm, and a basis weight of 100 g / m ² to 500 g / m ² range. The advantage of the material is that it is ensured that the superabsorbent is placed in the required place to maximize the performance of the product. Another feature is that the material can have a different color than the material of the absorbent layer. Assuming an indication of when the fluid reaches the guard zone is provided, the difference in color helps the user identify the moment when the article is replaced. In view of the absorbent side barrier underlying the hydrophobic region of the treated covering zone, an additional benefit is that fluid is retained in the zone, assuming that the hydrophobic material reduces contact by the fluid with the skin, resulting in fluid return and dampness. Is to reduce the

The present invention differs from the prior art by having a density gradient in at least two of the three dimensions, for example in the (Y) direction and the (X) direction. The density gradient can be obtained mechanically in an absorbent layer of initial homogeneous density whose density is equal in the X and Y directions throughout the absorbent / retaining layer prior to compression. Also in other shapes, this includes an acquisition layer in which the density changes in the Z direction to produce a total density gradient. In general, points 0, 0, 0 represent the maximum density of the product, which density decreases along the X, Y and Z axes (FIGS. 2A and 2B), in the guard zone (X, Y direction) and in the acquisition layer (Z). Direction) to get their minimum value. The benefits of the density gradient may include any one or combination of the following:

a) absorption rate optimized by low density of acquisition layer;

b) absorption rate optimized by faster fluid distribution in the X direction;

c) fluid distribution optimized in the X direction by its high capillary action;

d) optimized absorption rate in multiple excretion events, assuming fluid distribution reduces saturation of the zone containing fluid excretion;

e) increased absorption capacity with improved fluid distribution, allowing maximum use of the absorbent core;

f) optimized protection against side leakage, assuming density gradients in the X and Y directions interfere with fluid distribution at the side and end portions of the article;

g) reduced damp sensation when the fluid is absorbed and distributed by an absorbent retaining layer located within the side of the article;

h) Shape optimized by greater bending strength at the center of the absorbent retention layer, which reduces accumulation and torsion.

In addition, this creates a 'M' form in use that differs from the '∧' form in use which is currently encountered in commercially available products.

Advantages of the 'M' form of the density gradient and use may include any one or combination of the following:

a) fluid distribution optimized in the X direction by its high capillary action;

b) optimized absorption rate in multiple excretion, assuming fluid distribution reduces saturation of the zone containing fluid excretion;

c) increased absorption capacity with improved fluid distribution, allowing for maximized use of the absorbent core;

d) protection against increased absorption capacity and side leakage when using the same amount of absorbent material, by the format of the product in use to form an absorbent side barrier that retains fluid discharge, causing an acquisition;

e) optimized protection against side leakage, assuming a density gradient in the Y direction impedes fluid distribution in the side portions of the product;

f) optimized fluid acquisition, which is a combination of different mechanical embossing / channels that does not require additional material;

g) Shape optimized by greater strength at the center of the absorbent / retaining layer, reducing aggregation and torsion.

A further aspect is to use a treated covering band with a hydrophobic region overlying the guard band in the X direction. The treated covering band can add any one or combination of the following benefits to product performance:

a) Increased absorbent capacity and minimized side leakage since the side of the absorbent / retentive layer is hydrophobic. This feature imparts drainage of the fluid in the X direction and maximizes the use of the absorbent core;

b) Reduction of moist sensation in the area of the user's leg because the hydrophobic nonwoven prevents fluid return through the covering lying on the side of the pad.

Further differences exist with regard to the superabsorbent side barriers that are located in the hydrophobic region of the treated covering zone and overlie the absorbent layer. The arrangement can ensure the following:

a) superabsorbents are applied where necessary for their action;

b) The superabsorbents are located in the optimal zone to reduce side leakage and reduce dampness because fluid retention is located below the hydrophobic zone of the covering, reducing dampness.

The invention also

Supplying a covering sheet, an absorbent / retaining layer, and a lower sheet, each having side and vertical edges;

Laminating the absorbent / retaining layer to the covering sheet and the lower sheet such that the absorbent / retaining layer is disposed between the covering sheet and the lower sheet; And

Obtaining the density in a mechanical manner in both the X and Y directions in the laminated covering sheet and in the absorbent / retaining layer such that there is a totally decreasing density gradient from the center of the covering sheet to the side and longitudinal edges of the article.

It can include, providing a method for producing the absorbent article.

The method of making an absorbent article according to the above described

Supplying an acquisition layer;

Laminating the acquisition layer between the covering sheet and the lower sheet before the obtaining the density in a mechanical manner so that the density is also obtained in the acquisition layer in a mechanical manner,

Here, the layer in which the density is obtained in a mechanical manner provides a density gradient which decreases entirely from the center of the covering sheet to the sides and longitudinal edges of the article.

It is noteworthy that the step of density can be obtained in a mechanical manner, for example by stud embossing.

The method may also still include applying an absorbent side barrier to the side.

Additional embodiments of absorbent articles incorporating various aspects of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 10A-15 and will be described in detail below. However, it should be understood that the foregoing discussion of the absorbent article illustrated in FIGS. 1-9 or various components thereof may equally apply to the embodiment of FIGS. 10A-15. It should be understood that any feature of any embodiment illustrated or described herein may be included in any other embodiment within the scope and spirit of the invention.

With particular reference to FIGS. 10A-10C, an embodiment of an absorbent article 100 is illustrated. The absorbent article 100 includes a liquid permeable cover 102, a baffle material 104, and an absorbent structure 108 disposed between the cover 102 and the baffle 104. Various materials suitable for use as cover 102 and baffle 104 are as discussed above and are well known to those skilled in the art. The present invention is not specifically limited to any one kind or combination of materials used as cover 102 or baffle 104. Absorbent structure 108 may include absorbent core material 140 alone or in combination with acquisition material layer 148 (also referred to as an intake layer). Various materials suitable for use as the acquisition material 148 are also discussed above and are well known to those skilled in the art. The absorbent article 100 can include any combination of adhesive coatings or layers 106 between the various components of the article. The article 100 is not specifically limited to the application or location of the adhesive layer 106.

Absorbent structure 108 includes retention zone 110 having a density gradient C that varies in the X dimension as particularly illustrated in FIGS. 10B and 10C. Although not limited to this method, the varying density gradient C can be defined mechanically by embossing the absorbent core material 140 in the manner discussed in detail above with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-9.

Retention zone 110 is defined within first zone 116 of the absorbent structure having a first basis weight, as particularly illustrated in FIG. 10A. The basis weight can vary depending on a combination of factors including the size and capacity of the absorbent article 100 and the particular type of absorbent material used to form the absorbent core 140. In certain embodiments, first zone 116 is formed at least partially of cellulose fluff material and has a basis weight of about 370 gsm. The basis weight of the first zone 116 may vary from about 200 gsm to about 500 gsm. Other ranges are also included within the scope and spirit of the invention. Commercially available cellulose fluff materials are manufactured in Weyerhauser or Georgia Pacific. In one embodiment, the average length of wood pulp fibers is about 3.1 mm (by the Kajaani method). The coarseness of the pulp fibers is about 34 mg / 100 m and the average denier of the pulp fibers calculated from the roughness is about 3.06 dpf.

Absorbent structure 108 also includes one or more guard zones 118 longitudinally oriented outwardly and along the absorbent structure 108 to the side of the retention zone 110. Guard band 118 may have a relatively constant density that is less than the minimum of the density gradient of retention band 110. That is, in certain embodiments the density of guard zone 118 is generally less than the lowest density of retention zone 110. The guard zone 118 is defined within the second zone 120 (FIG. 10A) of the absorbent structure 108 having a second basis weight that is greater than the first basis weight. For example, referring to FIG. 10A, the second zone 120 may be part of the absorbent core material 140 having an increased thickness defined in a stepwise manner. As illustrated in FIG. 10A, the absorbent core material 140 may have a U-shaped channel profile, and the increased height portion of the core material 140 defines the second zone 120. In certain embodiments, the second zone may also be formed of the same cellulose fluff material as the first zone 116 and has a basis weight of about 490 gsm relative to the lower basis weight of the first zone 116. The second basis weight may vary from about 400 gsm to about 800 gsm in alternative embodiments of the article 100. It should be understood that the first and second zones 116, 120 may be formed of the same absorbent material, or different absorbent materials. It should be understood that the basis weight of the first and second zones may also vary widely outside the stated range as a function of the size and / or absorbent capacity of the absorbent article.

The first zone 116 and the second zone 120 of different basis weights are illustrated in the figures, as defined by the stepwise difference in the thickness (Z direction) of the core material 140, but gradually or at the basis weight. It is to be understood that continuously varying changes are also contemplated and are within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Referring to Figures 10A and 10B, guard band 118 is defined as a longitudinal zone on the opposing outer surface of retention band 110. In the embodiment of FIG. 10B, the retention zone 110 has a longitudinal end region 112 and an outer side 114. Outer side 114 extends entirely into guard zone 118. In the embodiment of FIG. 10C, the outer surface 114 of the retention zone 110 is spaced apart from the longitudinally extending guard zone 118. It should also be understood that the longitudinal dimension of the retention zone 110 may vary significantly within the scope and spirit of the present invention as discussed above with respect to the preceding embodiments.

With continued reference to FIGS. 10B and 10C, the absorbent structure 108 includes a longitudinal end 124 and an outer surface 122. The guard zone 118 may extend entirely along the longitudinal side 122 as illustrated in the figure, or may also include all or part of the longitudinal end 124. For example, the guard zone 118 may form a peripheral or boundary zone around the entire absorbent structure.

In the illustrated embodiment, the storage zone 126 is provided in the first zone 116 having a lower basis weight as a whole in the absorbent structure 108. In the embodiment of FIG. 10B, the storage zone 126 is defined by the longitudinal end 112 of the retention zone 110 and the longitudinal end 124 of the absorbent structure 108. In the embodiment of FIG. 10C, storage zone 126 generally surrounds retention zone 110 and extends between opposite longitudinal ends 124 of absorbent structure 108. The storage zones have density gradients B1 and B2 which may be constant or may vary. For example, the density gradient of the storage zone 126 can decrease from the center point (0,0,0) of the absorbent structure 108 in one or both of the X and Y dimensions.

The density profiles of the various zones and zones of the absorbent structure 108 as described above provide the absorbent article 100 with improved fluid absorption and absorption characteristics. The central retention zone 110 with lower basis weight and greater capillary action serves to quickly inhale body fluids and distribute them in the X direction to the storage zone 126 and in the Y direction to the guard zone 118. Storage zone 126 with densities B1, B2 and smaller capillary phenomena receives fluid from retention zone 110. The guard zone 118, which has a greater overall thickness in the Z direction, and a lower density and capillary action, defines the side barrier to leakage and can effectively retain and distribute the sudden ejection of the fluid. Guard zone 118 may act as an effective surge material in this regard.

In addition, the various density and material differences of the article 100 provide consumers with improved fit in using the product by reducing the likelihood of inconsistent deformation of the product, which may cause inconvenience and leakage to the user. The absorbent article according to the invention transforms the retention zone 110 into an M-fitting deformation with side compression that defines the bottom cavity of the "M" profile. The M-fit modification initially contributes to a more uniform fluid distribution more evenly to the retention zone 110, and then throughout the storage zone 126 and the guard zone 118.

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of an absorbent article 100 that includes the various aspects discussed above with respect to FIGS. 10A-10C. In this embodiment, the absorbent structure includes a retention zone 110 of highest density and capillary action. Storage zone 126 surrounds retention zone 110 and extends longitudinally along the absorbent structure, and guard zone 118 is defined along the outer surface of the structure as discussed above. The outer embossed channel 130 contours the guard zone 118 from the storage band 126. The channel 130 may extend along each outer surface of the absorbent structure 108 in the longitudinal direction and may define a closed loop channel, or open loop shape, as illustrated in FIG. 11. In this particular embodiment, the longitudinal end 124 of the absorbent structure includes a longitudinal end guard zone 119 contoured by a channel 130. The zone 119 may be defined within the lower basis weight first zone 116 (FIG. 10A), and thus may have essentially the same density and capillary phenomenon as the storage zone 126. In alternative embodiments, the longitudinal guard zone 119 may be the second zone 120 (such as with the guard zone 118) of the increased basis weight material, or even the first zone 116 and the second zone 120. It can be formed in a third intermediate zone having a basis weight between the basis weights of), thus having a lower density and capillary phenomenon, but including an increased thickness of material.

Retention zone 110 may include embossed pattern 134 in any manner as discussed in detail above. The embossed pattern can provide the retention zone 110 with varying density gradients in the X and Y directions, defined by embossing rolls with varying surface area patterns or varying pin depth through patterns as discussed in detail above. Can be. Alternatively, the embossed pattern can be defined by a combination embossing roll having both a varying surface area pattern and a pin depth through pattern. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, the embossed pattern 134 includes a wave and floral design that provides a gradient in the X and Y dimensions to the zone 110, but not necessarily in the Z direction.

16A-16D illustrate various alternative embodiments of suitable embossing patterns that may be defined in the retention zone of the absorbent article according to the present invention. The pattern may be mechanically defined by an embossed roll pin or stud pattern shaped to provide the retention zone with the required density gradients in the X and Y directions as discussed above.

Retention zone 110 may be contoured by an internal embossed channel 128. Absorbent structure 108 may also include any number or pattern of transverse embossed channels 132 that are generally defined within the longitudinal end region of storage zone 126, as illustrated in FIG. 11. The channel 132 may serve to rapidly distribute and channel the fluid from one zone to another, especially in the case of sudden ejection or rapid absorption of the fluid. The transversely embossed channel 132 may serve to distribute the fluid more quickly throughout the storage zone 126 and may also help to create more uniform M-fit deformation of the article 100.

It should be understood that any embodiment of the article 100 according to the present invention may include known conventional features in any manner used for absorbent articles. For example, referring to FIG. 11, the article 100 may include wings 111 that are folded around the user's underwear and shaped to or secured to the underwear. For this purpose, an adhesive 109 or other suitable manner of attachment, for example micro-hooks or hook and loop materials, may be provided on the wings 111 as is well known to those skilled in the art.

The embodiment of the absorbent article 100 illustrated in FIG. 12 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 11. In this embodiment, the retention zone 110 includes the embossed pattern 134 in the form of an inverted pyramid separated by raised land regions or embossed depressions having a truncated form. do. The particular pattern 134, defining channels of varying depths in the X and Y directions, provides the retention bands with the varying density gradients required as discussed above. A grid or pattern of relatively small embossed depressions may also serve to quickly distribute the fluid over the surface of the retention zone 110, especially in the case of sudden ejection of the fluid.

The illustration of the article 100 in FIG. 13 illustrates the height or thickness difference between the various zones of the absorbent structure 108. Retention zone 110 has the overall height or thickness of the land region (except embossed depressions) in the Z direction. The dimension may be substantially constant (not change) or may vary from the center point (0,0,0) of the retention band in the X and / or Y direction according to the density gradient in the respective X and Y directions. Surrounding storage zone 126 may also vary in X and / or Y dimensions or may be substantially constant and may include land regions (optional embossed depressions) in the Z direction that may be greater than the corresponding height of retention zone 110. The whole height). In certain embodiments, the minimum height of storage zone 126 is equal to or greater than the maximum height in retention zone 110. Guard band 118 may vary or be substantially constant in the X and / or Y direction and has a total height in the Z direction that may be greater than the corresponding total height of storage band 126. In certain embodiments, the minimum height of guard band 118 is equal to or greater than the maximum height in storage band 126. Thus, it will be appreciated that each Z dimension height may increase in gradual or stepwise fashion as it moves outwardly in the X and Y directions from the center point of the retention zone 110.

14 shows a low profile of absorbent core material 140 that may be used alone or in combination with other materials in an article according to the present invention. The absorbent core material 140 has a bottom surface 144 disposed toward the baffle in the absorbent article, and an upper surface 142 disposed toward the cover when the core material 140 is disposed in the absorbent article 100. In this particular embodiment, the absorbent core material 140 includes a number of densified zones 146 within the bottom surface 144. The densified zone 146 may define any manner of rows or patterns of the zone, such as a series of spaced depressions separated by raised ridges. Densified zone 146 may be defined by conventional mechanical means, such as embossing. In the embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15, the pattern of densified zone 146 is defined between a series of spaced ridges extending along the entire length of the absorbent core as a whole. In alternative embodiments, densified zone 146 may be contoured by either embossed channel 128 or 130 defined within upper surface 142 of absorbent core material. The densified zones can be embossed or otherwise defined in the X and / or Y directions, with a width dimension of about 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm and a spacing of about 1 mm to about 10 mm. Referring to FIG. 15, the Y dimension of the densified zone 146 may coincide with the outer peripheral channel 130 defining the guard zone 118. Channel 130 may serve as a conduit that distributes the fluid into densified zone 146 for faster absorption of the fluid into the absorbent core material. The densified zone 146 defined in the bottom surface 144 of the core material 140 may also serve to prevent agglomeration of the absorbent core when compressed laterally. The feature can serve to create an M-shaped profile of the article 100 as discussed above.

It is to be understood that aspects of the present invention include including the densified zone 146 discussed above in any manner in the absorbent article core configuration, regardless of any other features. For example, absorbent article 100 comprising densified zone 146 may or may not include a retention zone having a density gradient as discussed above, or any other feature discussed above.

It will be readily understood that various materials for use as the absorbent core material 140 are known to those skilled in the art. A particularly preferred embodiment of the core material 140 comprises a homogeneous mixture of cellulosic fluff and superabsorbent particles (SAP). The composition may be maintained throughout the lower basis weight first zone 116 and the higher basis weight second zone 120. The SAP particles are preferably evenly distributed throughout the first and second zones. In certain embodiments, the absorbent core material 140 may have a total cellulosic fluff content of about 2.5 g to 5.0 g and a total SAP content of about 0.2 g to 0.4 g. Various commercially available superabsorbent particle compositions are known to those skilled in the art and need not be described in detail herein. It is also to be understood that the present invention includes SAP concentrations that are significantly greater or smaller than the aforementioned ranges.

As mentioned, the absorbent structure 108 may include a conventional acquisition or intake layer 148 in any manner. Preferably, the acquisition layer 148 is disposed under the cover material 102 and overlies at least a substantial surface area portion of the retention zone 110 as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 15. Suitable materials for rapidly inhaling and distributing fluids are known in the art, and any manner or combination of these materials may be used as the acquisition material layer 148. The material generally has a relatively low density (ie lower than the underlying absorbent material) for this purpose. Thus, using the acquisition or suction layer 148, it is possible to provide a total density gradient in the Z direction by placing a more dense retention zone 110 on top. Acquisition layer 148 may also be embossed with core material 140 in defining retention zone 110. In this manner, acquisition layer 148 will also have a density gradient that varies in X and Y dimensions.

Those skilled in the art should understand that different variations and modifications to the variations described and illustrated herein are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. It is intended that the present invention include such and other variations as come within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of its specific technology, certain modifications may be considered to be apparent to those skilled in the art, which are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (74)

Partially permeable covering (1); An absorbent / retaining layer 3 having a density gradient in the Y direction and the X direction in the range of about 0.06 g / cm ³ to 0.20 g / cm ³ , or any other density value in the absorption region; Impermeable covering 5; An absorbent article comprising a removable strip (7), and multiple adhesive layers (8). The absorbent article of claim 1 wherein the partially permeable covering (1) is partially treated with a surfactant. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the partially permeable covering (1) has a central hydrophilic zone in the range of about 35 mm to 65 mm in length. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the partially permeable covering (1) has a central hydrophilic zone that does not exceed about 70% of the total area of the absorbent article. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the absorbent article may comprise an acquisition layer. 6. The absorbent article of claim 5 wherein the acquisition layer (2) produces a density gradient in the Z direction. The absorbent article of claim 5 or 6, wherein the acquisition layer has a density of about 0.03 g / cm ³ to about 0.09 g / cm ³ . 8. The soft fiber according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the acquisition layer 2 comprises about 85% cellulose pulp fibers and about 15% bicomponent polyethylene / polypropylene fibers, or for the same purpose or use. An absorbent article consisting of any other material composition. 8. Non-woven fabric according to any of claims 5, 6 and 7, wherein the acquisition layer (2) consists of about 50% bicomponent polyethylene / polypropylene fibers and about 50% polyester fibers, or any for the same purpose or use. Absorbent article comprising a different material composition. 10. The method according to any one of claims 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, wherein the width of the acquisition layer 2 can range from about 30 mm to about 50 mm, and the length is from about 50 mm up to the total length of the finished product. An absorbent article that can be in range. The absorbent article of claim 1 wherein the absorbent / retaining layer (3) comprises soft cellulose pulp fibers. The absorbent article according to claim 1 or 11, wherein the absorbent / retaining layer (3) contains a superabsorbent polymer. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 1, 11 and 12, wherein the absorbent / retaining layer (3) contains an absorbent paper. The absorbent article of claim 12 wherein the superabsorbent polymer is sodium acrylate. The method according to any one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, nineth, tenth, eleven, twelve, thirteenth, and thirteenth aspects, wherein the absorbent / retaining layer 3 has an hourglass shape, An absorbent article having a minimum width of about 42 mm to about 75 mm in the center and a maximum length of about 60 mm to about 85 mm in a lobe. The process of any of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, nineth, tenth, eleven, twelve, thirteenth, thirteenth, fifteenth and fifteenth aspects of the invention, wherein the absorbent / retentive layer (3) has a retention zone and a protective zone. An absorbent article comprising a zone. The absorbent article of claim 16, wherein the density gradient of the retention zones ranges from about 0.08 g / cm ³ to about 0.20 g / cm ³ , preferably from about 0.10 g / cm ³ to about 0.14 g / cm ³ . 18. The absorbent article of claim 16 or 17, wherein the density of the guard zone is in the range of about 0.04 g / cm ³ to about 0.10 g / cm ³ and the preferred density is in the range of about 0.07 g / cm ³ to about 0.08 g / cm ³ . The absorbent article of claim 16, wherein the difference between the density in the center of the retention zone and the density of the guard zone is at least about 0.02 g / cm ³ . 20. The absorbent article of claim 16, wherein the guard zone comprises channels embossed in racetrack or hourglass format. The absorbent article of claim 16, wherein the retention zone corresponds to at most about 60% of the absorbent / retaining layer (3). 22. The absorbent article of claim 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21, wherein the thickness of the retention zones ranges from about 1.5 mm to about 3.5 mm. The method of any one of claims 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22, wherein the maximum density extends from about 20 mm to about 200 mm in the (X) direction and about 15 mm in the (Y) direction. To about 40 mm. 17. The method of any of claims 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23, wherein the density decreases as the distance to the center of the absorbent article increases in the (Y) direction, such that the capillary gradient and fluid Creating a distribution gradient to obtain a minimum density of about 0.08 g / cm ³ at the boundary of the retention zone. Among the first, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the density gradient is obtained in a mechanical manner overlying a homogeneous absorbent / retaining layer having the same amount of absorbent material distributed throughout its area. 27. The absorbent article of claim 25 wherein the density gradient is obtained by embossing studs of different heights from center to edge, where the maximum stud height is at the center of the absorbent article. 27. The method of claim 25 or 26, wherein the height decreases with increasing distance from the center; And wherein the height difference from one region of the stud to the next region can range from about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm, preferably from about 0.3 mm to about 0.6 mm. 28. The method of any one of claims 25, 26 and 27, wherein the density gradient is obtained by embossing studs having different compression regions with the largest region at the center and the smaller region at the furthest from the center; Each compression area may range from about 1 mm ² to about 16 mm ² , preferably from about 2 mm ² to 4 mm ^{2 in the center} , and from about 0.01 mm ² to about 2 mm ² , preferably at the outer portion of the retention zone. Preferably about 0.8 mm ² to 1.5 mm ² . 29. The embossed stud of any of claims 25, 26, 27, and 28, wherein the embossed studs have any one of diamond, square, vertical, diagonal, sinusoidal, polygonal, circular, triangular, and other patterns or shapes. An absorbent article defining an embossed area. 29. The protective band according to any one of claims 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29, wherein the guard band surrounds the holding band and absorbs / holding layer ( Absorbent article comprising a region of constant density corresponding to up to about 40% of 3). The method of any one of claims 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30, wherein the guard zone has a thickness of about 2.5 mm to about 8 mm. , Preferably from about 4 mm to about 7 mm. The method of any of claims 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31, wherein the guard zone is below the hydrophobic region of the nonwoven covering. An absorbent article having an absorbent / retaining layer of lowest capillary action placed on it. The guard band according to any one of claims 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32, wherein the guard band is mechanically compressed. An absorbent article that can include channels of different designs in terms of shape, length, and amount that are regions of material. Embossing and protection of a holding band according to any one of claims 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33. Wherein the combination of channels in the band imparts a 'M' shape in use. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 35. The absorbent article of claim 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34, further comprising an absorbent side barrier (4). 36. The side according to claim 35, wherein the absorbent side barrier 4 lies below the hydrophobic region of the treated covering zone and over the protective zone of the absorbent / retaining layer 3 And an absorbent article positioned on the bed. 37. The superabsorbent material of claim 35 or 36, wherein the side barrier 4 comprises a superabsorbent material applied as at least one line on at least one of the sides of the absorbent article as a hot melt adhesive, the line of superabsorbent material being An absorbent article having a width in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, preferably about 3 mm to about 7 mm, and a length in the range of about 30 mm to about 300 mm, preferably about 40 mm to about 60 mm. 38. The method according to any one of claims 35, 36 and 37, wherein the concentration of the side barrier 4 can range from about 0.05 g / side to about 5 g / side, preferably 0.1 g / side to 0.3 g / side. Absorbent article. 37. The side barrier (4) according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the side barrier (4) comprises an airlaid type material containing a superabsorbent in its composition, the material being at least one on at least one of the sides of the absorbent article. Applied in strips; The superabsorbent strip has a width in the range of about 3 mm to about 10 mm and a length in the range of about 30 mm to about 300 mm, preferably about 40 mm to about 60 mm. 40. The absorbent article of claim 39 wherein the basis weight of the side barrier (4) is in the range of 100 g / m ² to 500 g / m ² . 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of retention zones and guard zones present in the absorbent / retention layer is such that the minimum thickness in the product is obtained in the retention zone at the center of the absorbent article and the maximum thickness is obtained in the guard zone. The absorbent article further represented. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 The method according to any one of claims 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41, generally point 0, 0, 0 is the product Maximal density, said density decreasing along the X, Y, and Z axes to obtain their minimum values in the guard zone (X, Y direction) and in the acquisition layer (Z direction). Supplying a covering sheet, an absorbent / retaining layer, and a lower sheet, each having side and vertical edges; Laminating the absorbent / retaining layer to the covering sheet and to the lower sheet such that the absorbent / retaining layer is disposed between the covering sheet and the lower sheet; And Obtaining the density in a mechanical manner in both the X and Y directions in the laminated covering sheet and in the absorbent / retaining layer such that there is a totally decreasing density gradient from the center of the covering sheet to the side and longitudinal edges of the article. Method for producing an absorbent article comprising a. The method of claim 43, Supplying an acquisition layer; Laminating the acquisition layer between the covering sheet and the lower sheet before the obtaining the density in a mechanical manner so that the density is also obtained in the acquisition layer in a mechanical manner, Wherein the layer in which the density is obtained in a mechanical manner provides a density gradient that decreases entirely from the center of the covering sheet to the sides and longitudinal edges of the article. 45. The method of claim 43 or 44, wherein obtaining the density in a mechanical manner comprises embossing using studs. 46. The method of any one of claims 43, 44 and 45, further comprising applying a side barrier to one or more sides of the absorbent article. Liquid permeable cover; Baffle material; An absorbent structure located between the cover and the baffle material, the absorbent zone having a density gradient varying in X-dimension, defined within a first zone of the absorbent structure having a first basis weight, and in the retention zone; Opposite lateral side of the absorbent structure, defined in the second zone of the absorbent article having a substantially uniform density smaller than the minimum density of the density gradient and having a second basis weight greater than the first basis weight. Absorption structure comprising a guard band defined longitudinally along Absorbent article comprising a. 48. The absorbent article of claim 47 wherein the guard band has a Z-dimension height greater than the retention band. 49. The method of claim 47 or 48, wherein the absorbent structure further comprises a storage zone defined at opposite longitudinal ends of the retention zone, wherein the density of the storage zone is less than the minimum density of the density gradient of the retention zone. And an absorbent article larger than said density of said guard zone. 50. The absorbent article of claim 49 wherein the storage zone is defined within the region of the absorbent structure having the first basis weight. 51. The absorbent article of claim 50, wherein the storage zone comprises a minimum Z-dimension height that is equal to or greater than the maximum Z-dimension height of the retention band and equal to or less than the minimum Z-dimension height of the guard band. . 50. The absorbent article of claim 49 wherein the storage zone surrounds the retention zone. 53. The absorbent article of claim 52 further comprising an embossed channel that bounds the retention band from the storage band. 53. The absorbent article of claim 52 wherein the storage zone extends to the longitudinal transverse end of the absorbent structure. 54. The absorbent article of claim 53 further comprising an embossed channel that borders the storage band from the guard band. 50. The absorbent article as in claim 49, comprising at least one transversely embossed channel defined within said storage zone spaced from each said longitudinal end of said retention zone. 57. The absorbent article of claim 47 wherein the retention zone extends laterally into the guard zone. 58. The device according to any one of claims 47 to 57, wherein the holding band is surrounded by a storage band, the inner embossed channel bordering the holding band and the storage band, and the guard band and the storage band. An absorbent article further comprising an outer embossed channel. 59. The absorbent article of claim 58 wherein the storage zone extends to the transverse end of the absorbent structure. 59. The absorbent article of claim 58 wherein the storage zone comprises a substantially uniform basis weight and a substantially uniform density. 59. The absorbent article of claim 58 wherein the storage zone comprises a substantially constant overall Z-dimension height that is greater than a maximum Z-dimension height of the retention zone and less than a substantially constant Z-dimension height of the guard zone. 62. The absorbent article of claim 47 wherein the retention zone further comprises a density gradient that varies in Y-dimension. 63. The absorbent article of claim 47 wherein the varying density gradient in the retention zone is defined by an embossed pattern of varying depths. 64. The absorbent article of claim 47 wherein the varying density gradient in the retention zone is defined by an embossed pattern of varying surface areas. 63. The absorbent article of claim 47 wherein the varying density gradient in the retention zone is defined by a combination of embossed patterns of varying depths and varying surface areas. 66. The method of any one of claims 47-65, wherein the absorbent structure comprises a cellulosic fluff and a superabsorbent particle (SAP) composition, wherein the basis weight of the first zone is 230 gsm to 500 gsm, The absorbent article of claim 2 has a basis weight of 400 gsm to 800 gsm. 67. The absorbent article of claim 66 wherein the absorbent structure comprises a total fluff content of 2.5 g to 5.0 g, and a total SAP content of 0.2 g to 0.4 g. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the retention band has a density gradient of about 0.20 g / cm ³ to about 0.08 g / cm ³ , and wherein the guard band has a density difference of at least about about the maximum density of the retention band and the guard band. Absorbent article having a substantially uniform density of 0.02 g / cm ³ . 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the absorbent structure further comprises a storage zone that entirely encloses the retention zone, wherein the storage zone is substantially less than the guard band and substantially less than the minimum density of the retention zone. And an substantially uniform density greater than said guard zone. 70. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein the guard band comprises a height in a Z-dimension, the retention band comprises a maximum height in a Z-dimension less than the guard band, and the storage band is the maximum height of the retention band. Absorbent article comprising a height at a Z-dimension that is greater than and less than the guard zone. 71. The absorbent structure of any of claims 47-70, wherein the absorbent structure comprises an absorbent core material having the retention zone and the guard zone defined therein, the acquisition material layer at least overlying the retention zone, The absorbing material layer providing a Z-dimension density gradient to the absorbent structure. 72. The plurality of spaced dense zones of any of claims 47-71, wherein the absorbent structure has a top surface disposed toward the cover and a bottom surface disposed toward the baffle and defined within the bottom surface. An absorbent article comprising an absorbent core material further comprising. 73. The absorbent article of claim 72 wherein the densified zone is defined by a pattern of embossed transversely extending zones. 74. The absorbent article of claim 73 wherein the pattern of embossed regions extends entirely along the entire longitudinal length of the absorbent core.

Images