KR20070070076A - Apparatus and method for inferring atmosphere environment of underground space using statistical analysis - Google Patents

Abstract

A device and a method for estimating an atmospheric environment of underground space with a statistical analysis are provided to estimate a pollution concentration based on a multiple regression analysis by using representative measurement variables such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and visibility. A measuring module(210) measures the representative measurement variables of the atmospheric environment of the underground. A measurement signal processing module(220) receives and stores the measured variables. An analyzing module(230) estimates the pollution concentration of the underground by receiving data processed in the measurement signal processing module and using the statistics analysis. The measuring module includes a temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and visibility sensor(211-214). The measurement signal processing module includes a signal recognizer(221) receiving the variables, a data amplifier(222), a noise filter(223) removing noise from the amplified data, and a data converter(224) converting the filtered data into digital data.

Description

Apparatus and method for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method {APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INFERRING ATMOSPHERE ENVIRONMENT OF UNDERGROUND SPACE USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS}

1 is a flowchart illustrating a multiple regression derivation method of an apparatus for predicting an atmospheric environment in an underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for predicting an atmospheric environment in an underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a multiple regression coefficient correction flowchart for predicting the concentration of pollutants in the underground space using the variable adjustment function of the representative scale variable value of the atmospheric environment prediction device in the underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention The figure showing.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for predicting an atmospheric environment in an underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a graph showing the east zone indoor environment in the 1991 Daejeon central underground shopping district.

6 is a graph showing the indoor environment and pollutants measured and estimated value in the underground shopping district.

7 is a schematic diagram showing a mutual relationship (scatter plot) for each variable.

8 is a graph showing the correlation of indoor pollutants (SO2, CO2).

9 is a graph showing the correlation between the indoor environment (Temp) and pollutants (PM10).

10 is a table showing a summary of regression analysis of multiple regression models for adjusting independent variables.

11 is a table showing the multiple regression model exclusion coefficient and collinearity statistics.

12 is a table showing a summary of regression analysis of a multiple regression correction model according to adjustment of independent variables.

13 is a table showing the multiple regression correction model exclusion coefficient and collinearity statistics.

14 is a graph showing comparison of estimation results of a parameter (parameter) and a multiple regression correction model.

15 is a graph showing the residual plot of the multiple regression correction model.

Figure 16 is a graph showing the impact assessment-Cook's Distance of the multiple regression correction model.

17 is a graph showing the impact assessment of the multiple regression-corrected model-DFFIT statistic.

FIG. 18 is a table showing summary of regression analysis of multiple regression final model according to adjustment of independent variables. FIG.

19 is a table showing the multiple regression final model exclusion coefficient and collinearity statistics.

20 is a graph showing the residual plot of the multiple regression final model.

21 is a graph showing the impact assessment of Cook's regression final model-Cook's distance.

22 is a graph showing the impact assessment of the multiple regression final model-DFFIT statistic.

23 is a table showing comparison of estimation results of parameters (parameters) and multiple regression final models.

24 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of performing indoor environment prediction (multiple regression analysis) in the underground shopping center.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

210: measurement module 220: measurement signal processing module

230: analysis module 240: display

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for predicting the atmospheric environment of an underground space using a statistical analysis method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for predicting the remaining physical quantity of indoor materials of a substance because it is present in a very small amount. Improvement of the conventional apparatus and method for measuring the atmospheric environment in the underground space, which cannot be continuously measured due to the problem, is applied to the statistical analysis method using the representative scale variable values such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and visibility of the underground space, that is, multiple regression The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for predicting the concentration of pollutants in an underground space.

Recently, the space for access and maintenance of the development of transportation such as subway, the accompanying underground passage, the underground shopping district and the underground facilities has been greatly expanded, and the population living in these underground spaces is gradually increasing. . Therefore, the indoor environment problem of these underground spaces becomes increasingly important.

Conventionally, objective indicators for the objective evaluation of the indoor environment and the operation control of the air conditioning system such as air-conditioning and ventilation equipment are insufficient in underground spaces such as underpass shopping malls. . For example, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0377900 (Registration Date: March 14, 2003) is a registered publication of "Automatic Environment Control System for Underground Spaces". And a system for controlling a regulating device, such as a fan, based on measured temperature, gas, air pressure, is described.

However, in general, the real-time measurement of pollutants in the underground space or the introduction of a management system is currently insignificant. In some fields, a complex sensor for measuring temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide has been introduced. As a simple complex of sensors, it was not possible to provide comprehensive information on pollutants in underground spaces.

In addition, it is unrealistic in terms of system configuration or economics to equip and equip all sensors for environmental elements to be managed for pollutants in the underground space.

Recently, various methods of measurement and maintenance of environmental pollutants have been proposed to establish a comprehensive evaluation standard for indoor environments centering on multi-use facilities such as underground spaces, but they are only used as a means for evaluating indoor environments. Intermittent measurements are expensive.

In addition, the application of the intermittent system for the purpose of evaluating the indoor environment has not been the ultimate means for realizing the control of the air conditioning system for maintaining a comfortable indoor environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to improve an apparatus and method for measuring the atmospheric environment of a conventional underground space, which is present in a very small amount and thus cannot be continuously measured due to an expensive cost or measurement due to a measurement method. Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for predicting the concentration of pollutants in an underground space by a statistical analysis method, that is, a multiple regression analysis method using representative scale variable values such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and visibility of the underground space.

An object of the present invention is a measurement module for measuring a variable value that is a representative measure of the atmospheric environment of the underground space, a measurement signal processing module for receiving and processing the variable value measured by the measurement module, and the measurement signal processing module It is achieved by the apparatus for predicting the atmospheric environment of the underground space using the statistical analysis method, including an analysis module for receiving the signal-processed data from and predicting the concentration of pollutants in the underground space using the statistical analysis method.

Preferably, the measurement module includes a temperature detector, a humidity detector, a carbon dioxide detector, and a visibility detector. The measurement signal processing module may include a signal recognizer that receives a variable value measured by the measurement module, and mutual recognition. It is preferable to include a data amplifier for amplifying the negative signal, a noise remover for removing noise of the data amplified by the data amplifier, and a data converter for converting the signal received by the noise remover into digital data.

In addition, the statistical analysis method is preferably a multiple regression analysis, wherein the analysis module is based on the representative scale variable value received from the measurement signal processing module using a multiple regression storage database and the multiple regression stored in the database. A computational process for calculating the concentration of contaminants, wherein the received representative scale variable values include at least PM10, CO2, Temp (temperature), Humi (humidity), and the computed contaminants are HCHO, CO , At least one of NO 2 and SO 2

In addition, the pollutant may be any one of carbon monoxide, fine dust, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde.

In addition, it is preferable that the apparatus for predicting the atmospheric environment of the underground space using the statistical analysis method further includes a display for receiving a signal from the analysis module and displaying the concentration of the pollutant.

It is also an object of the present invention to measure the variable value that is a representative measure of the atmospheric environment of the underground space, a measurement signal processing step of receiving and processing the variable value measured in the measuring step, and the measurement signal processing step It is achieved by the method for predicting the atmospheric environment of the underground space using the statistical analysis method comprising the step of receiving the data processed in the step of predicting the concentration of pollutants in the underground space using the statistical analysis method.

Preferably, the measuring step includes measuring temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and visibility of the underground space, and the measuring signal processing step includes: receiving a variable value measured in the measuring step; Amplifying the signal received in the step of, the step of removing the noise of the data amplified in the amplifying step and the step of converting the data processed in the noise removing step to digital data.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as examples only.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a multiple regression derivation method of an apparatus for predicting an atmospheric environment in an underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a statistical analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Shows a block diagram of an apparatus for predicting the atmospheric environment of an underground space using

Referring to FIG. 2, the apparatus for predicting the atmospheric environment of an underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a measurement module 210 and a measurement module that measure variable values that are representative measures of the atmospheric environment of an underground space. Receive signal processing data from the measurement signal processing module 220 and the measurement signal processing module 220 to receive and process the variable value measured at 210 to contaminate the underground space by statistical analysis, that is, multiple regression analysis. Analysis module 230 for predicting the concentration of the substance and a display 240 for receiving a signal from the analysis module 230 to display the predicted concentration of the pollutant.

In addition, the measurement module 210 includes a temperature detector 211, a humidity detector 212, a carbon dioxide detector 213, and a visibility detector 214.

The temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and visibility of the underground space measured by the measurement module 210 are transmitted to the signal recognition unit 221 of the measurement signal processing module 220 and the noise of the input signal through the data amplifier 222. The data converter (AD converter) 224 is converted into digital data through the noise removing unit 223 for removing the signal.

The data processed by the measurement signal processing module 220 is transmitted to the operation process 233, the operation process 233 calls the multiple regression from the regression storage database 231 in the measurement signal processing module 220 Contaminant concentrations are calculated by applying multiple regression equations to the processed data, namely the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and visibility of underground spaces, which are representative scale variable values.

Here, the pollutants that can be predicted using the representative scale variable values are carbon monoxide, fine dust, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and the like. In addition, if a deviation between the predicted contaminant concentration and the actual measured contaminant concentration occurs, the allowable deviation may be reduced by adjusting the coefficient of the regression coefficient through a regression coefficient adjusting means 232 which can be operated by a user. have.

Now, referring to FIG. 1, a multiple regression derivation method of an apparatus for predicting an atmospheric environment in an underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which is essential for estimating the concentration of pollutants in an underground space from a representative scale variable value, is described. Is as follows.

Prior to this, regression analysis is a statistical analysis method that assumes a specific mathematical model to estimate the relationship between variables, and estimates this model from the data of the measured variables. To make the necessary predictions or to make statistical inferences. The main purpose of the regression analysis is to accurately estimate the value of the dependent variable when the value of the independent variable is specified. In the present invention, the independent variables are temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and visibility, and the dependent variable is the concentration of pollutant.

Referring to the derivation method of the multiple regression equation with reference to the flow chart of Figure 1, the indoor environment through the cross-correlation comparison 110 of the indoor environment and the pollutants such as temperature, humidity of the underground space for the prediction of the pollutants in the underground space Deriving a representative scale that can represent (120), conducting multiple regression analysis using the representative scale to derive multiple regression equation (130), and using the correction correlation coefficient to verify the reliability of the derived multiple regression equation When the corrected correlation coefficient of the derived multiple regression converges through the reliability verification process 140 within the error tolerance, the final derived multiple regression is stored 160 in the database.

Figure 3 is a multiple regression coefficient correction flowchart for predicting the concentration of pollutants in the underground space using the variable adjustment function of the representative scale variable value of the atmospheric environment prediction device in the underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention It is shown.

Referring to FIG. 3, the multiple regression coefficient correction procedure is described. In step 310, the concentration of contaminants in the periodic and irregular indoor environment of the underground space is measured, and in step 320, the predetermined multiple regression equation and the temperature humidity are measured. For example, the concentration of pollutants in the underground space is predicted using the representative scale variable value of the underground space, and in step 330, the deviation of the predicted value and the measured value is compared with the tolerance, and the correction of the regression equation is terminated if it is within the tolerance range. Otherwise, in step 340, correlation analysis and weighting on the target pollutant exceeding the allowable error rate may be performed to adjust the weighting coefficient according to the scale gas of the multiple regression equation in step 350.

Now, referring to FIG. 4, a method for predicting the atmospheric environment of an underground space using a statistical analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

In step 510, the pollutant to be managed in the underground space is selected, and in step 520, the representative scale variable values of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and visibility are measured, and in step 540, the pollutant to be managed. The regression and correction values of are called in the regression database to predict the contamination concentration of the pollutant to be managed in step 550. Further, in step 561, the measured value of the target pollutant, which may be periodic or non-periodic, is called 560 to verify the error limit from the ratio of the predicted value and the measured value. The procedure of 1 is corrected and the coefficient of the regression equation is corrected, and the process returns to step 550 to estimate the pollution concentration of the pollutant to be managed. If it is determined in step 561 that the error limit is not exceeded from the ratio of the predicted value and the measured value, the measured value measured in step 520 and the predicted value predicted in step 550 are output in step 570. Finally, in step 580, if such measured and predicted values meet the indoor environmental criteria, step 580 is moved back to step 510, otherwise the operation control of the air conditioning system is controlled in step 590. Through the ventilation of the underground space.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying Figures 5 to 24, the present invention will be described in more detail. In this example, a regression equation was derived and evaluated using actual data of the Daejeon Central Underground Shopping Mall of FIG. 5 for the indoor environment prediction and control of the underground shopping mall through the multiple regression analysis according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 24.

5 is a measurement result of the indoor environment and pollutants (CO ₂ , CO, PM10, Temp) of the Daejeon Underground Shopping Street in the summer of 1991. In the case of CO ₂ , it is continuously increasing with time, and about 405 ppm of CO ₂ has increased to about 915 ppm at 20 o'clock. CO also shows a continuous increase over time from 4.15 ppm to 5.50 ppm. In the case of CO ₂ and CO, the number of passengers and occupants in the underground shopping mall is steadily increasing according to their residence. PM10 has been increasing from the start of business to 12 o'clock, but has remained relatively constant since 12 o'clock. In the case of room temperature, the temperature is maintained at 27 ° C to 28 ° C daily, and is about 0.5 ° C higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Currently, indoor air quality management law of multi-use facilities prescribes maintenance standards and recommended standards such as indoor SO ₂ , NO ₂ , CO ₂ , and CO. Underground roads in the underground shopping center also depend on simple CO ₂ sensors. The purpose is to provide and utilize information on SO ₂ and NO ₂ for indoor environment control of the mall. However, due to the difficulty in securing indoor environmental measurements of recent underground shopping malls, a multiple regression analysis was conducted using the indoor environmental measurement results of Daejeon Underground Shopping Mall in 1991. Estimated. Therefore, the method of derivation of the regression equation is meaningful in relation to the prediction of indoor pollutants in the underground shopping mall.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an estimated value in the observation shown in FIG. 5 and includes SO ₂ , NO ₂ , HCHO, PB, and Humidity (humidity).

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the correlation between the indoor environment of the underground shopping street and the estimated amount of pollutants, and shows that there is a linear correlation between each pollutant. The linear regression model of Equation 1 can be estimated from the scatter plot of FIG. 7.

8 and 9 are graphs illustrating the cross-correlation of the cross-correlation, PC10 and room temperature between cross correlation standing SO ₂ and CO _2, as part of the underground shopping center indoor pollutants of Figure 7, SO ₂ and CO _{2 has} a 98.9% correlation, but PM10 and room temperature have only a 29.5% correlation.

10 is a summary of the results of the regression analysis of the indoor environment of the underground shopping mall according to the application of the independent variables for the prediction of the indoor environment of SO ₂ (constant), and the prediction of the indoor SO ₂ using CO ₂ , NO ₂ , HCHO, CO, and Temp. This is possible, and there is no autocorrelation of the error term of the multiple regression model from the Durbin-Watson statistic.

However, it can be seen from the collinearity statistics of FIG. 11 that some collinearity problems may occur in the case of CO ₂ and HCHO among the regression independent variables for SO ₂ .

The summaries and collinearity statistics of the multiple regression analysis model in the model of removing HCHO among CO ₂ and HCHO in which a multicollinearity problem occurs are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.

However, careful adjustment of the coefficient of determination (R ² ) in Figure 9 is necessary because adjustment of the independent variable to solve the collinearity problem may lower the explanatory power of the predictive model.

The crystal coefficient (modified R-squared) of FIG. 12 shows that a parameter (parameter) of about 99.8% can be estimated using the final (constant), CO ₂ , NO ₂ , PB, and Temp as independent variables.

As a singularity of the regression analysis result of Equation 2 below, CO was removed from the SO ₂ explanatory variable and the PB entered the explanatory variable in the regression analysis result that excludes HCHO compared to the regression analysis model of FIG. 11. have.

By using the multiple regression analysis result of the modified model of FIG. 13, a regression estimation model for SO ₂ may be prepared as shown in Equation 2 below. In FIG. 14, a regression analysis result of the parameter (parameter function) and Equation 2 are compared.

15 to 17 are graphs showing the results of the residual analysis and the impact evaluation for the multiple regression corrected model. The singularity is found in observations 3 and 24 and the multiple regression analysis results are removed after the singularity is removed. As shown in FIG. 22, multiple regression analysis results, that is, Equation 3 below and a parameter (parameter) are compared in FIG. 23.

Until now, multiple regression analysis of indoor SO ₂ concentration using indoor environment and pollutant measurement (CO ₂ , CO, PM10, Temp) and random estimation (SO ₂ , NO ₂ , HCHO, PB, Humi) values in underground shopping centers Will be carried out.

However, the physically measurable physical quantity in the underground shopping mall is very limited to CO2, PM10, Temp, Humi, etc., and thus, it is difficult to apply a regression analysis result using NO ₂ and PB as in Equation 3.

Therefore, in order to estimate SO ₂ , CO, NO ₂ , HCHO, PB (lead), etc., SO ₂ is estimated by using actual values such as CO ₂ , PM10 (fine dust), Humi (humidity), and Temp (temperature) as independent variables. As in the case, multiple regression analysis can be performed, which can be presented in the form of Equation 4 below. Equation 4 shows that it is possible to estimate HCHO, CO, NO ₂ , SO ₂ at the 79 ~ 99% level, it is also possible to estimate the total total floating bacteria, Rn, VOC, O ₃ and the like in the same way. However, as mentioned above, it should be recognized that some of the data are estimated.

So far, a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the preferred embodiments described so far should only be taken as examples. That is, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to derive various modifications with reference to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Accordingly, the technical scope of the present invention should be interpreted only by the appended claims.

The present invention improves the conventional atmospheric environment measurement apparatus and method of the existing underground space, which is present in a very small amount of the conventional underground space, which is expensive and expensive to measure the residual physical quantity of the substance or cannot be continuously measured due to the measurement method. By using representative scale variables such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and visibility of underground spaces, it is easy to predict the concentration of pollutants in underground spaces by statistical analysis method, that is, multiple regression analysis method. It is effective to provide an apparatus and a method which can be controlled automatically.

Claims (12)

As a device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method, A measurement module for measuring a variable value that is a representative measure of the atmospheric environment of the underground space; A measurement signal processing module for receiving and processing variable values measured by the measurement module; And an analysis module for receiving the signal processed data from the measurement signal processing module and predicting the concentration of pollutants in the underground space by using the statistical analysis method. A device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 1, The measuring module may include a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a carbon dioxide detector, and a visibility detector. A device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 1, The measurement signal processing module may include a signal recognition unit for receiving a variable value measured by the measurement module, a data amplifier for amplifying a signal of the mutual recognition unit, a noise removal unit for removing noise of data amplified by the data amplifier, and And a data converter converting the signal received by the noise removing unit into digital data. A device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 1, The statistical analysis is a multiple regression analysis, The analysis module includes a multiple regression storage database and a computational process for calculating the concentration of contaminant from the representative scale variable value received from the measurement signal processing module using the multiple regression stored in the database, Here, the received representative scale variable value includes at least PM10 (fine dust), CO ₂ , Temp (temperature), Humi (humidity), and the calculated pollutant is at least one of HCHO, CO, NO ₂ , SO ₂ Wherein one of the multiple regression equations is

Is determined by (where R ² is the coefficient of crystallization), A device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 4, wherein When the prediction value and the actual measurement value of the pollutant by the multiple regression equation exceeds the tolerance rate, characterized in that for correcting the multiple regression equation by adjusting the weight of the representative scale variable value, A device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 1, Receiving a signal from the analysis module further comprises a display for displaying the concentration of the pollutant, A device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method. As a device for predicting the atmospheric environment of underground space using statistical analysis method, Measuring a variable value that is a representative measure of the atmospheric environment of the underground space; A measurement signal processing step of receiving and processing the variable value measured in the measurement step; And receiving the data processed in the measurement signal processing step and predicting the concentration of pollutants in the underground space by using the statistical analysis method. Prediction method of atmospheric environment in underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 7, wherein The measuring step includes measuring the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and visibility of the underground space, Prediction method of atmospheric environment in underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 7, wherein The measuring signal processing step may include receiving a variable value measured in the measuring step, amplifying a signal received in the receiving step, removing noise of data amplified in the amplifying step, and removing the noise. Characterized in that the step of converting the data processed in the digital data, Prediction method of atmospheric environment in underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 7, wherein The statistical analysis is a multiple regression analysis, The analyzing step includes calculating a concentration of contaminant from the representative scale variable value processed in the measuring signal processing step using a prestored multiple regression equation, Wherein the received representative scale variable value includes at least PM10, CO ₂ , Temp (temperature), Humi (humidity), and the calculated pollutant comprises at least one of HCHO, CO, NO ₂ , SO ₂ , and , The regression equation is

Is determined by (where R ² is the coefficient of crystallization), Prediction method of atmospheric environment in underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 10, And correcting the multiple regression equation by adjusting a weight of a representative scale variable value when the predicted value and the actual measurement value of the pollutant by the multiple regression equation exceed an allowable error rate. Prediction method of atmospheric environment in underground space using statistical analysis method. The method of claim 7, wherein Further comprising the step of displaying the concentration of the pollutant predicted in the analysis step, Prediction method of atmospheric environment in underground space using statistical analysis method.

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