KR20070052526A - Implant for dental prosthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an intramedullary implant, and more particularly, in an implant having a screw of which the cross section of the screw is triangular, trapezoidal or generally blunt curved surface, a spiral fine structure or a fine screw structure spirally formed on the inclined or inclined surface of the screw. By additionally forming (microthread), the bone is placed in the bone without affecting the surrounding bone tissue without causing any problems, and after the implantation, the stress is properly distributed in all directions to the unit bone tissue to improve the initial fixation force and generate the bone tissue faithfully. To provide a new concept of intramedullary implantation that promotes greater cohesion and tighter engagement with threads, resulting in a stronger bond and initial fixation.

In addition, implants of such a concept allow the use of smaller diameter implants, which can be used even in areas lacking bone tissue, and can greatly simplify the procedure, such as eliminating the flap formation and drilling processes that wet the gums. Has an advantage.

Intramedullary Implants, Fine Thread Structure

Description

Implant for Dental Prosthesis

1 is a model of artificial teeth implanted with a general denture implant.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a denture implant used in the prior art.

Figure 3 (a) (b) is a first embodiment of the bone implant implant according to the present invention.

Figure 4 (a) (b) is a second embodiment of the bone implant implant according to the present invention.

Figure 5 (a) (b) is a third embodiment of an intraosseous implant according to the present invention.

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a shape in which the fine screw structure is formed on the inclined surface of the screw of the intra-osseous implant screw portion according to the present invention.

Figure 7 is a fourth embodiment of the intraosseous implantation implant according to the present invention.

** Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings **

10: denture implant 20, 30: bone implant implant

11 artificial teeth 12 dentures

21. 31: screw portion 22, 32: binding portion

23, 33: crown portion 34: cutting edge portion

35: cutting groove

40, 50: thread portion 41, 42, 51, 52: fine screw structure

The present invention relates to an intramedullary implant, which refers to a substitute that originally recovers when the tissue of the human body is lost, but in the dental field, the dental implant has a root shape of a tooth partially or completely in the oral cavity. It refers to a screw-shaped instrument that is implanted with metal in the jaw bone to bind the bone and then acts as an artificial tooth for implanting an artificial tooth. In addition, the implant procedure is a cutting-edge technology that restores the original function of teeth by fixing artificial teeth by implanting artificial roots made of titanium material that are not rejected to the human body in order to replace the roots of lost teeth. It is a procedure that replaces denture recently and is also a major spot of attention.

The overall composition of the denture implant consists of abutment or implant fixture applied to the denture procedure and the denture coupled to the denture base. The procedure involves drilling a hole in the jawbone (elbow) of the missing part. After a certain period of time after the denture base is formed and the denture base is stabilized and the gum tissue is stabilized, the denture base is formed, and the denture base is stabilized. Also called.

Dental implants have been developed and used in the early 20th century with metal implants made of gold or silver lead iridium iron cobalt alloys. Sub-periosteal implants and titanium blade implants were developed and popularized since the 1940s Because of the limitations, the lifetime was short and the success rate was low. In 1982, after a 15-year study of bone adhesion implants by Toronto's Branmark in Toronto, Canada, the success rate exceeded 90% and became popular worldwide. In general, prosthetics or dentures can damage surrounding teeth and bones over time, but implants have the advantage of not damaging the surrounding tissue, and they can be used semi-permanently because they do not have tooth decay with the same function or shape as natural teeth. There is this. However, poor management can lead to plugs and tartar, which can cause inflammation of surrounding tissues and cause periodontal disease. Also, it costs 3 ~ 6 months depending on the cost of the material and the cure after surgery. It is becoming.

The base of the denture base is generally about the same size as the tooth root and the shape is generally a cylindrical shape to accommodate the denture or a cone of the upper and lower straits with a certain thickness of the lower part so that only the screw formed on the jawbone Planting can be difficult. Therefore, first, a hole of appropriate size is formed in the jawbone by a drill, and then a thread is formed on the inner surface of the hole, and the denture base is pushed into the formed hole and the thread to be fixed. Recently, however, a cutting edge is formed at the bottom of the screw to form an appropriately sized hole, and then fixed in a self-tapping form without the process of forming a thread in the inner surface of the hole. The denture implant is used to chew food after being placed in the jaw bone, so the external force is mainly vertically up and down. Therefore, the structure of the denture implant is characterized by being designed to withstand such a force in the vertical direction, and when looking at the structure of the jaw into which the denture implant is placed, the outer part surrounding the jaw is made of a solid bone tissue layer (dense cortical bone layer). On the other hand, the inside of the jaw is a soft tissue (cancellous, soft spongy bone) and the denture base is preferably a structure in which both ends contact the outer portion of the jaw.

The most common obstacles to implanting an artificial tooth are a number of other factors, but one of the most common is the lack of bone. Most of these phenomena are due to the absorption of bone, and due to the lack of width and height of the alveolar bone due to the disorder of bone formation, it appears as the exposure of artificial root when placing the artificial root in this area.

Due to the characteristics of this structure, the initial fixation force of the denture implant has been a very important factor after implantation, and in order to solve this problem, although the efforts to increase the initial fixation force have been attempted in various ways, the phenomenon of implant dropping is not long after the procedure. Occurred frequently. The cause is that after the implant is placed in the bone, the bone tissue around the damaged area needs sufficient support and adequate stress to stimulate bone formation. This stress is mainly limited at the screw end of the implant. Due to the number of the new bone tissue is not known to be stably formed due to the problem. In addition, the shear stress inevitably caused by the inclined surface of the screw has been studied to have a very detrimental effect on bone formation. That is, it is very important to disperse the stress evenly throughout the screw and to minimize the shear stress because the bone of the implant is continuously applied and the bone tissue is sensitive to the micro-movement caused by small external force. It is. However, in the case of conventional implant screws, the shear force and the number of threads generated on the inclined surface or the side of the screw are limited, so stress concentration occurs, and the formation of the bone cells and the absorption mechanism are unbalanced, resulting in the absorption of threads into the surrounding bone tissue. Implants could not be fixed and the problem of dropping often occurred.

As an effort to solve the above problems, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-45638 discloses that the binding portion between the abutment region and the artificial root region is formed in a screw structure, but the implant screw portion implanted in the artificial root region has a cross section of the screw. A technique for forming a rectangle is disclosed. As described above, when the cross section of the screw is trapezoidal or square, it has the advantage of excellent initial fixation and durability against lateral pressure and vertical compressive force, but the surface contacting the bone tissue is not relatively large and the bone is only at the end of the thread. Has the disadvantage that the formation of bone tissue and the long-term fixation force is not improved. On the other hand, the Korean Registered Practical Publication No. 20-204815 shows the support force of the implant by increasing the area of contact between the jawbone and the abbot-fixture by forming a number of fine protrusions with a laser on the male thread of the abbot-fixture placed in the jawbone. Although a technique for reinforcing has been known, the fine protrusions are formed at any position of the male screw portion and do not consider the rotation direction of the implant, and thus have a disadvantage of destroying the surrounding bone tissue more than necessary during the procedure.

In spite of the conventional efforts as described above, an optimal implant configuration that satisfies the initial fixation force and the medium-term stability of the denture implant at the same time has not been proposed in particular, and eventually waits for several months after the initial placement and waits for the implant to be stably fixed in the bone. The problem of proceeding still remained. In addition, because it must withstand the bite force (chewing force) in the past had to use a thick diameter implant of more than 3mm, this required at least 5mm space. Therefore, when a space of 5 mm or less is not secured, tooth restoration using an implant is impossible, and there is a limit of deleting a healthy neighboring tooth and performing conventional general prosthetic treatment.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the object of the present invention is to rotate the implant when implanted in the bone by forming a spiral fine groove structure on the inclined surface of the screw of the intramedullary implant screw portion By matching the direction of the micro-convex structure with the direction, the implantation can be performed without any additional process, and at the same time, it prevents the destruction of the surrounding bone tissue, and after the implantation, the tight connection between the alveolar bone and the implant screw screw and the increased binding area It is possible to minimize the occurrence of shear stress on the slope which is harmful to bone tissue due to the increase, and to distribute all the forces in the horizontal and oblique directions as well as the vertical force, thereby improving the initial fixation force with the alveolar bone after implantation, New concept that can be obtained early To provide the Landhaus. Here, the fine concave-convex structure is preferably formed of a micro thread.

In addition, by improving the stability and support through this structure, it is possible to use a relatively small diameter implant, it is possible to use in a region lacking bone tissue without securing a space of 5mm, increasing the patient's discomfort after the procedure The implantation was made possible by omitting or minimizing the formation of flaps to wet the gums and at the same time omitting or minimizing the drilling operation which gave harmful surgical trauma to the bone.

Intramedullary implants of the present invention for achieving the above object is a crown portion of the artificial tooth is fixed to the upper portion, the lower screw portion to be implanted in the jaw bone, and the bone tissue attachment formed between the crown portion and the screw portion Comprising a portion, the end surface of the screw portion screw is generally blunt or triangular or trapezoidal, characterized in that the inclined surface of the screw is formed a plurality of fine fine concave structure. And the fine concave-convex structure is preferably a micro thread structure (micro thread), the micro screw structure is characterized in that the spiral to match the direction of rotation of the implant.

In addition, the microscrew structure has a cross-sectional shape or a stepped curve, wherein the microscrew structure is characterized by being coated with calcium phosphate, potassium phosphate or biocompatible porous polymer.

On the other hand, the cutting blade portion may be formed in the lower portion of the screw portion for ease of implantation work, it is also possible to use a relatively small diameter implant of less than 3mm, in this case to omit the formation of flaps to wet the gum and to minimize or omit the drilling process To this end, a lower end of the screw and a cutting groove 35 for cutting may be formed.

By the above configuration, it is possible to secure initial stability at the time of implantation because the fine concave-convex structure is inherited into the bone tissue during implant placement in the artificial tooth procedure. In addition, the screw thread of the implant and the alveolar bone are early and tightly integrated through the proper dispersal of the pressure acting in all directions including the vertical direction and the lateral direction by the fine concave structure or the micro screw structure formed finely on the implant screw thread even after the implant is placed. It facilitates to improve the midterm fixation force after the implant procedure to prevent the implant from falling off the alveolar bone, and has the advantage of maintaining the interface between the implant and alveolar bone health by shortening the time taken for the implant to settle in the alveolar bone.

Hereinafter, an implant according to the present invention having the configuration as described above will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which the artificial dental implant 11 is attached to the dental implant 10 is placed in the jaw bone (12). The procedure is to open the gum in the proper position, plant the implant, fix the gum and fix it, wait 3 ~ 4 months for the mandible and 5 ~ 6 months for the maxilla until the bone is healed. This is accomplished by setting up a post for recovery and attaching an artificial tooth on the post after the gum has healed.

2 is composed of a crown portion 23 to which artificial teeth are fixed on the upper portion, a screw portion 21 placed on the jaw bone, and a binding portion 22 which is a bone tissue attachment portion formed between the crown portion and the screw portion. It is a conceptual diagram showing the conventional denture implant in which the end surface of the part 21 screw becomes a sharp acute triangle. Thus, the sharper the screw end of the screw, the easier the implantation work can be done, but in the case of denture implants, unlike small orthodontic implants, the diameter is relatively large and is placed perpendicular to the jaw, so some drilling is necessary. to be. Therefore, the necessity of having a sharp thread in the pre-drilled position is halved, but rather, stress can be easily concentrated on the sharp end of the thread after implantation, which makes it vulnerable to lateral pressure, which prevents formation of new bone tissue around the implant. Occurs.

However, due to the effects of the present invention, a small diameter implant can be used, and in this case, the drilling process can be omitted or can be implanted with a minimum drilling process. In some cases, the formation of flaps that open the gums may be omitted or simplified.

FIG. 3 (a) shows a first embodiment of the present invention regarding an intraosseous implant implant 30 in which a stepped micro-convex structure 41 is formed on an inclined surface of a screw portion 40 having a triangular end surface. It is. In the case of forming the fine concave-convex structure 41 on the inclined surface of the implant 20 of the implant 20 having a triangular or tetragonal structure of FIG. Shear force is generated to prevent the microbehavior that affects the fixation of the implant and the patient's pain sensation, and has the effect of promoting the creation of new bone tissue by increasing the contact area which is relatively wider in relation to the bone tissue. . The fine concave-convex structure 41 is formed in three to four spirals to match the direction of rotation when the implant is rotated by implantation, it is more preferably formed of a spiral microthread (microthread) structure. And the number of the fine screw structure can be appropriately adjusted as necessary. Due to such a spiral micro screw structure, even if it has a concave-convex shape, it will have the advantage that the impact of the bone without the destruction of the surrounding bone tissue can be minimized. On the other hand, the fine screw structure may be formed in a curved wave form 42 as shown in Fig. 3 (b) in addition to the sharp step shape of the end surface, and does not exclude that the end surface is formed as well as the inclined surface of the screw portion.

FIG. 4 (a) shows a second embodiment of the present invention with respect to the implant 30 in which a stepped micro-convex structure 41 is formed on the inclined surface of the screw portion 40 having an end surface having a trapezoidal shape. When the end surface of the conventional screw only has a trapezoidal shape, compared to the implant 20 having a triangular screw structure of Figure 2 has the advantage of relatively excellent initial fixability and relatively well with lateral and vertical pressure but within the bone tissue In terms of securing the maximum surface area in the weak and eventually the end of the thread is formed in the bone has a problem that it takes a lot of time to secure a stable medium-term fixing force. In general, immediately after the implant is placed, bone tissue is damaged due to the insertion of the implant around the implant screw. And such bone tissue is a certain amount of time after a new bone tissue is created and is fixed in close contact with the surrounding obstacles. In this process, the implant movement is stressed at the end of the thread, and the slanted surface of the screw is smooth, so that the shear stress is hardly applied, and the concentrated stress occurs at the narrow area of the end of the thread, so that the surrounding bone tissue is easily dug up. The phenomenon that the fixing force of the implant itself is reduced occurs. As described above, this may eventually lead to the removal of the implant.

However, when forming the fine concave-convex structure 41 on the inclined surface of the threaded portion as shown in FIG. 4 (a), shear force is generated to resist pressure in the vertical direction and the lateral direction after implant placement, thereby fixing the implant and feeling of pain of the patient. It prevents the microbehavior that affects it, and has an effect of promoting the creation of new bone tissue due to the increase in the contact area which is relatively wider in relation to the bone tissue. The fine concave-convex structure 41 is formed in three to four spirals to match the direction of rotation when the implant is rotated by implantation, it is more preferably formed of a spiral microthread (microthread) structure. And the number of the fine screw structure can be appropriately adjusted as necessary. Due to such a spiral micro screw structure, even if it has a concave-convex shape, it will have the advantage that the impact of the bone without the destruction of the surrounding bone tissue can be minimized.

On the other hand, the fine screw structure may be formed in a curved wave form 42 as shown in Figure 4 (b) in addition to the sharp step shape of the end surface, and does not exclude that the end surface is formed as well as the inclined surface of the screw portion.

Figure 5 (a) is a third embodiment of the implant according to the present invention, the end surface shape of the screw screw portion, unlike the Figures 3 and 4, the step shape on the inclined surface of the screw screw portion 50 formed of a generally round blunt curved surface It is sectional drawing which shows the structure in which the fine screw structure 51 was formed. Figure 5 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which the curved fine wave screw structure 52 is formed on the inclined surface of the screw screw portion in the implant according to the present invention.

As described above, the implant of the present invention allows various design changes during the manufacture of the screw portion, and thus the object and effect intended by the present invention are maintained even by such a shape change.

On the other hand, the micro-screw structure is preferably coated with calcium phosphate, phosphate of potassium phosphate or biocompatible porous polymer to increase the binding force to the alveolar bone. Phosphates themselves, such as calcium phosphate and potassium phosphate, are already known as biocompatible materials and biocompatible porous polymers are also known from many literatures.

And the lower end of the screw portion of the implant of the present invention is characterized in that the cutting edge is formed for ease of implantation work.

In addition, since the use of a relatively small diameter of less than 3mm implants may be used to form a sharp end and a cutting tool 35 for cutting at the bottom of the screw in order to minimize or omit the drilling process.

By the configuration as described above, the fine concavo-convex structure of the screw screw portion during implant placement in the artificial tooth procedure can be secured initial stability during implantation.

In addition, even after implant placement, it is evenly distributed with shear stress through proper distribution of the pressure acting in the vertical and lateral directions by the micro-convex structure or the fine screw structure finely formed on the screw portion of the implant to prevent stress concentration at the end of the screw portion. .

In addition, by increasing the contact surface area with bone tissue due to the presence of fine convex structures or micro-screw structures, the screw thread and alveolar bone of the implant can be easily and tightly integrated at an early stage. It prevents and evenly distributes the stress applied in the preferred direction to promote bone formation has the advantage of shortening the time it takes for the implant to settle in the alveolar bone to maintain a healthy interface between the implant and the alveolar bone.

Claims (10)

In the bone bone implant implant placed in the bone, End face of the screw portion screw is generally in a blunt shape and the inclined surface of the screw bone implant, characterized in that a large number of spiral fine concave structure is formed. The method of claim 1, The fine concave-convex structure is an intraosseous implant, characterized in that the micro thread structure (micro thread) The method of claim 2, The fine screw structure is helical implant in bone bone, characterized in that coincident with the direction of rotation of the implant. The method of claim 3, wherein The fine screw structure is an intraosseous implant, characterized in that the cross-section or stepped curve. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, The fine screw structure is bone implants, characterized in that coated with calcium phosphate, potassium phosphate or biocompatible porous polymer. The method of claim 1, End face of the screw portion screw is intraosseous implant, characterized in that the trapezoidal or substantially circular curved waveform. The method of claim 1, Intra-osseous implant for implantation, characterized in that the cutting edge is formed in the lower portion of the screw. In the bone bone implant implant placed in the bone, The end surface of the screw portion screw is a sharp acute triangular shape and the inclined surface of the screw is intramedullary implant implant, characterized in that a large number of spiral fine concave structure or fine screw structure is formed. The method according to claim 1 or 8, The lower portion of the screw portion has an intraosseous implant, characterized in that it has a sharp end. The method of claim 9, An intraosseous implant for implantation, characterized in that it has a cutting groove (cutting groove) on the side of the sharp end of the lower portion of the screw.

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