KR20070033804A - Varieties of Chestnut and Breeding Methods Asexually Grown by Mountain Hardwood and Pedicle Grafting - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is obtained by artificial breeding 'dantaek' varieties and 'eye roots' varieties, allelic yield and resistance to stem blight and chestnut bumblebee, and provides a variety of chestnut varieties that grow asexual by mountain rip and pedicle grafting. Variant chestnut by the above configuration has very large fruit, almost no double chestnut (twin chestnut) and heat and chestnut, and has excellent characteristics suitable for processing chestnut. Stable mass production

Description

New Chestnut Variety Asexually Propagated by grafting, and Propagating method

Figure 1 is a photograph of the shisha and dormant varieties of chestnut trees according to the present invention

Figure 2 is the leaf form of the variant chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 3 is a deletion of the variant chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 4a is a chestnut ten leaves of a variant chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 4b is chestnut fruit picture of a variant chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 5a is a mountain pass photo of the varieties chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 5b is deleted after the hillside of the varieties chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 6a is a photo of the large tree growing for pedicle grafts according to the present invention

Figure 6b is a pedicle graft of a variant chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 6c is fixed to the pedicle graft reception of the strain chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 6d is a complete view of the pedicle graft of the modified chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 6e is the appearance after the pedicle grafting of the modified chestnut tree according to the present invention

Figure 6f is a growth pattern after transplanting the outdoor forge of the strained chestnut pedicle grafted seedling according to the present invention

The present invention relates to a new type of chestnut tree, and more particularly, to a new kind of chestnut tree that can be grown nationwide due to confrontation of fruit, high probability and strong cold resistance, and inherited by the same genetic traits as parameters. .

Chestnut is a deciduous broad-leaved arboreous tree of the Fagaceae Castanea , originating from four continents, including Asia, Europe, North America, and North Africa. Although there are some differences in the types of chestnut trees distributed around the world depending on the opinion of scholars, there are about 10 species distributed among them, and four of them are Japanese chestnut, Chinese chestnut, European chestnut and American chestnut.

Chestnut is an important fruit that should not be missed in the ceremonial occasions in Korea. It is rich in nutritional value, and is a representative phenolic food that has been widely grown as a food substitute and a favorite food. Chestnuts have a unique aroma and sweetness, which can be eaten or grilled raw or boiled, added to various dishes, or processed into raw materials such as sweet potatoes, marrons glaces, chestnuts and confectionery such as bread or sweets. It is actually used in a wide range. In addition, the wood of chestnut is excellent in material and durable. Especially, it has high tannin content and resists water and moisture, so it is used for building materials, furniture materials, machinery materials, vehicle materials, sculptures, railway sleepers, shafts, etc. do.

The study on chestnut breeding has the longest history in Japan, and the 'silver creeper' variety, which is widely cultivated in Korea and Japan, has more than 200 years of history. According to ク リ の 栽培 の 理 論 と 實際 (猪 崎 政 敏, 1978) and 農業 技術 大 係-果樹 編-(農 山 漁 寸 文化 協會, 1984), the 1st Night Variety Name Society was held around 1910. 'Pung Dama saeng', 'Euljong', 'Eungi', 'Geumbuk', etc. were selected as the best varieties. It is said that many varieties such as 平), `` Yuma '', and `` samjosaeng '' are cultivated and cultivated. However, in 1941, a breeding study for the development of insect-resistant varieties was carried out in the wake of the chestnut tree bee development, and the results of hybrid breeding cultivated 'Dantaek', 'Ichi' and 'Juc' (梶 浦, etc.) 1959), and artificially hybridized 'Ahn-geun' and 'admission assistant' to develop "Sukchu" (梶 浦 實 et al., 1969). Since then, hybrid breeding has been carried out. Artificial breeds of 'and' Chuseok 'were bred to cultivate' national dog 'varieties (町 田 裕 et al., 1983). Foster was announced (Kotobuki et al., 1994).

China, which accounts for about two-thirds of the world's total chestnut production, has about 300 local cultivar, but there are about 50 varieties of commercially grown varieties and vary widely among varieties. The main production areas of China chestnut are three districts: Nanfang District, Jiangdong District, Sandong District, and 燕山 地區.

In the southern part of the country, wild plate yields are produced in large quantities. People have improved wild plate rate through cultivation for a long time to form relatively unique varieties, and at the same time, selection and cultivation were carried out to produce superior varieties. The superior varieties of 山東 地區 belong to the North China Real Breeds, and the fruit is suitable for chestnut. Exported under the trade name "Taishan Reduction Rate (泰山 甘 栗)" or "Shandong Reduction Rate (山東 甘 栗)". Historically, seed breeding has been used, but since the early 1960s, the Shandong Fruit Orchard Research Institute has been led by the selection of judges, certified, and certified. The best varieties are 紅光, 급, 金 豊, 宋. There are 家 早, Damsung 207, and 無 花 栗.

Common chestnut varieties of the high-density chestnut varieties of 燕山 地區 are beautiful for nuts, tender meat, tender and sweet, high sugar content and high quality, and are suitable for chestnut. In the international market, it is called the Tianjin sensation rate (天津 국내) and in the domestic market, Yangyang rate ruler (良 鄕 栗 子). Historically, because live breeding is mainly used, for example, there are kinds such as autumn rate, favorable rate, and yield rate. There was no breeding match. After the 1970s, individual selection and testing were carried out at Beijing Forestry Fruit and Fruit Research Institute and Hebei Provincial Fruit and Fruit Research Institute, followed by Yanhong, Yeonchang, Silver Wind, Yeon-myeon and Cho-ung. Ten varieties are named and are currently in circulation.

In the United States, chestnut breeding studies have focused more on stem blight-tolerant breeding for lumber production than on fruit. Chestnut is one of the major species of woodwood in the eastern part of the United States. It was produced and used as the foremost among the woodwoods produced in the United States until the early 20th century. However, the chestnut tree almost died from the damage caused by the Chestnut blight disease introduced in China in 1904. It is threatened with extinction enough to keep the rim. Therefore, in the late 1980s, the American Chestnut Foundation led the American chestnut to crossbreed the Chinese chestnut, which is resistant to stem blight, to carry out disease-resistant breeding to fix disease-resistant traits to the chestnut.

In Europe, many European chestnut plantations have been damaged by ink bottles and stem blight from the Orient, which has led to the development of disease-resistant varieties through cross-border between European chestnut and Japanese chestnut to improve stem blight resistance and fruit quality. have. Major cultivars currently being cultivated have many varieties developed through hybridization.

Chestnut cultivation in Korea has been propagated to seedlings by seeds until the 1950s, without the concept of varieties, called 'Pyongyang chestnut', 'Gapyeong chestnut', 'Yangju chestnut', etc. . However, as the chestnut bee that caused fatal damage to chestnut trees in Jecheon province, Chungcheongbuk-do occurred in 1958 and spread throughout the country, the breed breeding study started with the aim of nurturing varieties that are highly insect-resistant, fruit-rich and rich in the chestnut. It has been carried out by the method of introduction, hybridization and breeding. At present, the breeding goal is continuously improved by setting functional breeding targets such as taste improvement, roasting chestnut, and crude growth.

Chestnuts are the main income crops of agricultural villages with farm incomes of around 230 billion won per year, which is the first export item (about $ 78 million annually). Chestnut trees, like ordinary fruit, have a long growth period, and unlike other crops, selection of high quality varieties is very important because the management effect of the selection of varieties is huge. Therefore, if we make high quality world brand chestnut varieties that are suitable for the climate climate of our country and suitable for various consumer's tastes as an important task to cope with the reality of opening up to the world, it can help to enhance the international competitiveness of the night industry. There will be.

Therefore, the development of new varieties of competitive Korean brands and the development of new asexual growth technology are urgently emerging against the varieties of the internationally strengthened breed protection system.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, the object of the fruit is suitable for processing chestnuts, antagonistic, multiprobability, cold-resistant strong cultivation nationwide, inherited by the same genotype as the parameters stable To provide a variety of chestnut and its breeding method capable of mass production.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is obtained by artificially crossing the 'dantaek' varieties and the 'eye root' varieties, fruit is antagonistic, multi-probability, resistant to stem blight and chestnut bumblebee, mountain rip contact and pedicle graft Provides a variety of chestnut varieties that are overgrown by.

According to the present invention, the mutant chestnut is characterized by having many branches, resulting in good development of moji, vigorous flushing and remodeling.

According to the present invention, the leaves of the cultivar chestnut are lanceolate, unfertilized through the edges, and the leaf vein number is 19.7, the leaf length / leaf width ratio is 3.5, and the leaf length / leaf length ratio has a characteristic of 7.1.

According to the present invention, the fruit of the cultivar chestnut is a dark brown triangle having a longitudinal diameter / diameter ratio of 0.86, a seat length / diameter ratio of 0.96, an average grain weight of 29.2 g, a sugar content of 11.3% immediately after harvesting, and a fleshy diameter of 7.8㎏ / ㎠, a multiple of 0 And a heat transfer rate of about 1.3%.

According to the present invention, the sap is collected before the sap moves and stored at a low temperature of 0 to 4 ° C. Provides varieties that are bred.

According to the present invention, the sap was collected before the sap was moved and stored at a low temperature of 0 to 4 ° C. The seedlings were bred by breeding by cultivating by cultivating a pedicle tree in a greenhouse with a vinyl curtain installed between 10 and 20 days after germination of the large seed. Provides a variant of chestnut.

In addition, the present invention, in the method of breeding chestnut tree, the sap is collected before the sap transfer from the varieties chestnut obtained by artificial breeding 'dantaek' varieties and 'eye root' varieties and stored at a low temperature of 0 ~ 4 ℃, acid Provides a method for breeding varieties of chestnut trees characterized by asexual propagation by maximal juncture and pedicle grafting method.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in detail.

The new varieties chestnut of the present invention is obtained through artificial breeding of 'dantaek' varieties and 'eye root' varieties. Artificial breeding was performed by removing all the male flowers before the female flowers bloomed in early June, putting them in the mating bags, and injecting the flowerpots three times every two days during the full bloom period of female flowers. In September of the same year, after harvesting hybrid seeds, in the following spring, hybrid seedling forests were formed from seedlings obtained from nurseries of the Forest Genetic Resources (formerly Forestry Breeding Research Institute) forge and went through the first selection process from 1982 to 1990. In order to investigate the fruit characteristics of each individual, three hybrid hybrid forests, including adaptive adaptation forests, were established at Eeosan-san, Maesong-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do.

Hereinafter, the characteristics of the cultivated chestnut tree obtained by the artificial cross will be examined by dividing the leaves into seasons, leaf characteristics, flowering characteristics, fruiting characteristics, harvest and yield, fruit type and fruit characteristics.

1 is a view of the mutton chestnut and dormant, the Dong-a is black and red, but the hair is dormant and reddish brown. There is a lot of eggplant outbreaks, and the development of moji is good. The opening time is around April 27, and postcards are usually 1/2, but 2/5 of some calves are observed, and the number of leaf veins is 19.7. The shape of the leaf is lanceolate, and the edge of the leaf is non-ferrous, the leaf bottom is blunt, the leaf length / leaf width ratio is 3.5, and the leaf length / leaf length ratio is 7.1 (FIG. 2). The flowering characteristics of male flowers start to bloom around June 8 and end around June 19. The full bloom period is from June 12 to June 16. Female flowers start to bloom around June 5 and end around June 18. The full bloom period is from June 9 to June 14.

In terms of fruiting characteristics, the number of outcome indexes per result mother and the number of landings per result mother are normal, but the development of result mothers is good, so the fruit is good in small branches and the fruit is large. The harvest season belongs to the mid-species around September 22, and the yield is 25.0 ㎏ in 13-year-old. Chestnut thorns are long and dense, fruit is dark brownish round triangle with excellent gloss, longitudinal diameter / diameter ratio is about 0.86, seat length / diameter ratio is about 0.96, and the size of seat is normal (Figs. 4a, 4b).

Variety chestnut with the characteristics as described above is much larger than the current cultivated yuma varieties and fruit is much larger. More specifically, the average particle weight of the fruit obtained from the chestnut tree according to the present invention is about 30 grams of ultra-large species, with a sweetness of 11.3% immediately after harvest, and a hardness of 7.8 kg / cm 2. It has a low heat transfer rate of about 1% and excellent commercial properties, and the fruit is very large and the overshape is a triangle close to a circle, and thus has excellent characteristics for processing (FIG. 4B).

Hereinafter, the asexual breeding method of the varieties chestnut varieties according to the present invention will be described. The abundant breeding method of the new varieties chestnut tree of the present invention is based on the breeding method by mountain ridge and pedicle grafting. Mountain-grown breeding method uses a tree with a lot of age as a big tree, and pedicle grafting method is a method of grafting by using a large tree before germination of young stems after germination by sowing chestnut. This is very useful for fixing varieties with the same parameters and genotypes.

The asexual propagation process according to the present invention includes the process of graft after receiving the reception in 1-2 months before the sap is moved and stored at a low temperature of 0 ~ 4 ℃. To explain this in more detail by grafting method, the mountain high contact method is grafting on the large tree which receives a lot of sap in the middle of April when the sap begins to move. After cutting the trunk of the tree to a height of about 1.5m, the diameter of the cut surface is 8 If it is small within cm, 1-3 receptions are grafted according to the diameter (FIG. 5A). The gluing method is to cut the bark of the large tree into two parts in lengthwise direction as much as the thickness of the wood, and then separate the bark and insert the prepared reception to match the bark of the large tree. give. If the diameter of the cut surface is thicker than 8cm after cutting the trunk of the tree, the grafting process is difficult and it takes a long time for the graft to be sewn even after the graft is stuck. After that, in the spring of next year, it is grafted to the stem of bud. In addition, it is very effective to treat topsin paste on the cutting surface and the upper part of the receiving part to prevent the invasion of pests or bacteria on the stem cutting surface after acid contact and to develop the union tissue.

The pedicle grafting method involves grafting the seedlings to pedicle lumber within 10 to 20 days after germination of the large seed. In more detail, the seedlings which can be used for large trees are sown by keeping the temperature 25-27 ° C and humidity 80-85% in a plastic house in February-March, and after 10-20 days of germination 6) when cut to 2 to 4 cm in the state of 10 to 20 cm grown, the graft sliding rate can be increased when the graft grafting can be improved, and the union can produce a healthy fine graft (Fig. 6a-6f).

When grafting has conventionally used a method of bundling with a vinyl tape to secure the close contact between the large tree and the reception, but by this it is difficult to adhere to the grafting site is thin and yeongpyeong large neck. Therefore, the present invention uses a plastic forceps to easily fix the grafting site (Fig. 6c), install a vinyl curtain for maintaining the humidity (Fig. 6d). In this case, the grafting part can be easily fixed, and when the grafting seedling is active, the tongs are automatically pulled out, thereby providing economic efficiency such as convenience in management and reducing manpower.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are only presented to understand the content of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these embodiments.

Example 1 Breeding Chestnut Hybrids

In order to cultivate high-quality varieties suitable for processing, which are highly opposing, multi-proportional, and cultivated in Japan in the late 1960s, `` Taekta '' varieties are strong, fruity, and multi-probable (3, Eoncheonri, Maesong-myeon, Maesong-myeon, Hwaseong-gun, Gyeonggi-do) In the late 1960s, the fruit tree, which was introduced in Japan at the end of the 1960s, was large and resistant to stem blight and chestnut tree bees (3, Eocheon-ri, Maesong-myeon, Hwaseong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea National Forest Research Institute). In 1980, artificial crosses were performed. Artificial breeding was done by removing all the male flowers before the female flowers bloomed in early June, putting them on the mating bags, and injecting pollen three times every two days during the full bloom period of female flowers. In September of the same year, after harvesting hybrid seeds, in the following spring, hybrid seedling forests were formed from seedlings obtained from nurseries of the Forest Genetic Resources (formerly Forestry Breeding Research Institute) forge and went through the first selection process from 1982 to 1990. In order to investigate the fruit characteristics of each individual, three hybrid hybrid forests, including adaptive adaptation forests, were established at Eeosan-san, Maesong-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do.

As a result of the test, TG-29 was selected as a new breed suitable for the present Example because of the excellent characteristics of TG-29 in the 'Dantaek' × 'North' crossbreeds. The foliar season and leaf characteristics of the new varieties are shown in Table 1, the flowering characteristics are shown in Table 2, the fruiting characteristics are shown in Table 3, the harvesting season, yield and fruit types are shown in Table 4, and the fruit characteristics are shown in Table 5.

<Table 1> Opening season and leaf characteristics

division The opening season Postcard Leaf vein Leaf Form Leaf bottom shape Leaf length / leaf width ratio Leaf length / leaf length ratio Invention April 27 1/2, 2/5 19.7 Non-ferrous Blunt 3.5 7.1 Yuma (comparative) May 01 1/2, 2/5 20.1 Tooth type Blunt 4.1 11.0

<Table 2> Flowering Characteristics

division A male flower Female flower Start of flowering In full bloom In full bloom End of flowering Start of flowering In full bloom In full bloom End of flowering Invention June 08 June 12 June 16 June 19 June 05 June 09 June 14 June 18 Yuma (comparative) June 10 June 15 June 19 June 22 June 09 June 14 June 18 June 22

<Table 3> Deletion Characteristics

division Female flowers per result Index of outcomes per outcome Total landings per result Number of landings per result Invention 1.59 2.4 3.4 1.42 Yuma (comparative) 1.76 2.6 4.2 1.62

<Table 4> Harvester, yield and fruit type

division Harvest season Yield ^* (kg / pattern) Fruit form Diameter / diameter ratio Seat length / diameter ratio Invention September 22 25.0 triangle 0.86 0.96 Yuma (comparative) September 20 15.8 triangle 0.83 0.97

^* ; 13 years old

<Table 5> Fruit Characteristics

division Average weight (g) Sugar content ^* (%) Fruit Hardness (㎏ / ㎠) Multiplier (%) Heat transfer rate (%) Invention 29.2 11.3 7.8 0.0 1.3 Yuma (comparative) 18.1 12.8 8.4 0.0 0.1

^* ; Measurement immediately after harvest

<Example 2> Genetic trait fixation of parameters by acid hyperplasia

In order to induce varieties of selected new varieties, acid cuts were carried out by delamination by diameter of the cut surface. In February, before the sap was transferred, a healthy, well-grown moss was collected and collected, covered with moss moist at the bottom to prevent drying, and placed in a plastic bag and stored in 0-4 ° C storage. When the trunks of 12-15 year old chestnut trees were cut at a height of about 1.5m above ground on April 20, and grafted by the diameters of the cut surfaces, the graft sliding rate was 56.7-77.5% (Table 6). The smaller the average slid rate was higher, it was confirmed that the varieties can be fixed by the mountain close contact method (Fig. 5b).

Up to 2 months after grafting of the highland plate Therefore, if growth is vigorous, cutting the tip of the newly grown branch about 3-4 times, or reducing the weight of the grown boiled branch and installing the support if necessary, can increase the sticking rate. In particular, if the diameter of the cut surface is more than 8㎝, the grafting process is difficult and it takes a long time for the grafting part to be sewn even after sticking and the joint part is weak. Grafting

<Table 6> Sliding Rate by Diameter of Cutting Surface for New Breeding

Cutting diameter Grafting area Active area Ride rate (%) Remarks 4 cm or less 40 31 77.5 1 reception desk per grafting site 4 to 8 cm 40 29 72.5 2 receptions per grafting site 8 cm or more 30 17 56.7 2 receptions per grafting site

<Example 3> Genetic trait fixation of parameters by pedicle graft

In order to induce varieties of selected new varieties, pedicle grafting was carried out to produce grafted seedlings in the current year. In January, before the sap was transferred, a healthy, well-grown moss was collected and collected, covered with a moist moss at the bottom to prevent drying, and placed in a plastic bag and stored in a 0-4 ° C storage. As a result of grafting according to the time after germination of large-sized seeds in the greenhouse in February, the graft slidability was 62.0-82.0%, and the grafting slidability was about 20 days after germination. Could.

In order to clarify the method of mass propagation, the comparison between treated and untreated treatments with vinyl curtains to maintain humidity after pedicle grafting was found to be more effective with vinyl curtains because of high sliding rate. Since the tissue was not formed properly, the sticking rate was very low.

<Table 7> Periodic rooting rate after seed germination for growing new varieties

division 10 days later 15 days later After 20 days 25 days later Grafting 50 50 50 50 Roaring 31 37 41 33 Ride rate (%) 62.0 74.0 82.0 66.0

<Table 8> Sliding rate by treatment after grafting for breeding new varieties

process Ride rate (%) Average I Ⅱ Ⅲ Vinyl curtain installation 78.8 83.2 79.5 80.5 No treatment 7.2 4.8 6.5 6.2

Variety chestnut according to the present invention is antagonistic, multiprobability, cold resistance is strong, can be cultivated nationwide, and can be stably mass-produced because it is inherited by the same genotype as the parameter. Chestnuts harvested from the chestnut tree are confrontational, but also highly multiplied, have excellent merchandise, and have excellent characteristics as a processing chestnut, which can contribute to the income increase of chestnut growers.

Claims (7)

It is obtained by artificial breeding of 'Dantaek' varieties and 'North' varieties. It is a mutant chestnut that is allele, multi-probability, resistant to stem blight and chestnut tree bee, and is asexually bred by mountain pruning and pedicle graft. 10. The modified chestnut tree according to claim 1, which has a large number of branches, results in good development of moss, vigorous deficiency, and has a remodelable tree type. The leaf chestnut according to claim 1, wherein the leaves are lanceolate, unfertilized at the edges, the leaf vein number is 19.7, the leaf length / leaf width ratio is 3.5, and the leaf length / leaf length ratio is 7.1. According to claim 1, the fruit is a dark brown triangle length / diameter ratio 0.86, seat length / diameter ratio 0.96, average weight of 29.2g, sweetness immediately after harvest, 11.3%, flesh hardness 7.8kg / ㎠, multiple ratio 0%, A variety of chestnut tree with a heat transfer rate of about 1.3%. According to claim 1, the intake was collected before the sap moves and stored at a low temperature of 0 ~ 4 ℃ to the stem cut section of the old tree using a 1-2 receptions by the swelling to the acidic contact A breed chestnut that breeds and breeds. The method of claim 1, in which the sap is collected before the sap is moved and stored at a low temperature of 0-4 ° C., and is grown asexually by grafting to the pedestrian tree in a greenhouse where vinyl curtains are installed within 10-20 days after the germination of the tree seed. A variety of chestnut tree breeding by letting. In the method of breeding chestnut trees, the varieties of chestnuts obtained by artificial breeding of 'dantaek' varieties and 'eye roots' varieties are collected before storage of sap and stored at a low temperature of 0-4 ° C. Breeding method of mutant chestnut, characterized by asexual breeding by the method.

Images