KR20070028929A - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

An LCD is provided to improve the upper viewing angle, by forming a predetermined angle between an optical axis of nematic liquid crystal molecule and an optical axis of discotic liquid crystal molecule. A common electrode display substrate(410) faces a thin film transistor display substrate(430). A liquid crystal layer is interposed between the common electrode display substrate and the thin film transistor display substrate, and contains nematic liquid crystal molecules. First and second viewing angle enlarging films(480,490) are respectively attached on the thin film transistor display substrate and the common electrode display substrate, and contain first and second discotic liquid crystal molecules respectively. First and second polarizing plates(610,620) are respectively attached on the first and second viewing angle enlarging films. The polarization axis of the first polarizing plate is perpendicular to the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate. A first optical axis of the first discotic liquid crystal molecule forms a predetermined angle with respect to a plane, which is defined by a rubbing direction of the first viewing angle enlarging film and a normal line to the first viewing angle enlarging film. A second optical axis of the second discotic liquid crystal molecule forms a predetermined angle with respect to a plane, which is defined by a rubbing direction of the second viewing angle enlarging film and a normal line to the second viewing angle enlarging film.

Description

Liquid crystal display

1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a liquid crystal panel, a viewing angle expanding film, and a polarizing plate in the liquid crystal display of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3A illustrates an angle formed by nematic liquid crystal molecules interposed between the thin film transistor array panel and the common electrode display panel.

3B is a view for explaining an angle formed by the discotic liquid crystal molecules included in the viewing angle expanding film.

3C is a diagram illustrating a combination of nematic liquid crystal molecules and discotic liquid crystal molecules.

FIG. 4 illustrates discotic liquid crystal molecules in the upper viewing angle magnification film when the liquid crystal display is viewed with a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the insulating substrate in a direction opposite to the rubbing direction of the upper viewing angle magnification film shown in FIG. Is a diagram showing an arrangement state of.

FIG. 5 is an arrangement state of discotic liquid crystal molecules in the lower viewing angle magnification film when the liquid crystal display is viewed with a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the insulating substrate from the rubbing direction of the lower viewing angle magnification film shown in FIG. 2 and the upper side of the liquid crystal display device. Figure is a diagram.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100: liquid crystal display device 110: upper storage container

112: window 160: lower storage container

400: liquid crystal panel assembly 410: common electrode display panel

420: liquid crystal layer 430: thin film transistor array panel

440: gate tape carrier package 450: data tape carrier package

460: printed circuit board 470: liquid crystal panel

500: backlight unit 510: optical sheets

520: light guide plate 530: lamp assembly

540: reflector 610: upper polarizer

620: lower polarizer

The present invention relates to a display device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal display device capable of improving an upper viewing angle.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a display device that displays the image information by using the electrical and optical properties of the liquid crystal injected into the liquid crystal panel, compared to electronic products consisting of cathode ray tube (CRT) It has the advantages of low power consumption, light weight and small volume. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device has been widely applied to various fields such as a display device of a portable computer, a monitor of a desktop computer, and a monitor of a high definition image device.

Liquid crystal molecules injected into the liquid crystal panel have birefringence in which the refractive indices in the major axis direction and the minor axis direction are different, and the birefringence causes a difference in the refractive index of light depending on the position of the liquid crystal display device. That is, the linear polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer, and the polarization state changes, resulting in a difference in the amount and color characteristics of the light when viewed from the front. Therefore, the liquid crystal display may have a change in contrast ratio (CR), gray inversion, etc. according to the viewing angle, and thus, the viewing angle characteristic is not good.

Various technologies have been developed to implement wide viewing angles for liquid crystal displays. For example, various methods such as the use of optical compensation film, an orientation splitting method, an in-plane switching (IPS) method, a vertical alignment method (VA), and an optically compensated bend (OCB) method Is being developed.

Among them, the optical compensation film is used to compensate for the phase difference caused by the birefringence of light due to the tilted liquid crystal molecules using the optical compensation film, and is widely used as a method of widening the viewing angle of the TN mode liquid crystal display device. . In more detail, in order to compensate for the phase retardation of light generated by the liquid crystal molecules having positive birefringence, a WV film having a disk-like molecular layer having negative birefringence is formed. By compensating for the phase retardation of light due to liquid crystal molecules, the viewing angle is widened.

However, the conventional WV film has a problem that the upper viewing angle improvement effect of the liquid crystal display device is small.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of improving an upper viewing angle.

Technical problems of the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device includes a thin film transistor array panel, a common electrode panel facing the thin film transistor array panel, and a nema interposed between the thin film transistor array panel and the common electrode display panel. First and second viewing angle magnification films respectively attached to the liquid crystal layer including tick liquid crystal molecules, the thin film transistor array panel and the common electrode display panel, and including first and second discotic liquid crystal molecules, respectively; And a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate respectively attached to the second viewing angle expanding film, wherein the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate and the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate are perpendicular to each other, and the first optical axis of the first discotic liquid crystal molecule is The rubbing direction of the first viewing angle expanding film and the normal to the first viewing angle expanding film are formed. Forms a plane with a predetermined angle, the second axis of the second discotic liquid crystal molecules forms a flat and forming a predetermined angle with the normal to the second viewing angle magnification film and the rubbing direction of the second viewing angle magnification film.

Specific details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description and the drawings.

Advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will be apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but can be implemented in various different forms, and only the embodiments make the disclosure of the present invention complete, and the general knowledge in the art to which the present invention belongs. It is provided to fully inform the person having the scope of the invention, which is defined only by the scope of the claims. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

The liquid crystal display device used in the present invention includes a portable multimedia player (PMP), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable digital player (DVD) player, a small and medium-sized display device such as a cellular phone, a laptop, and a digital TV. A medium and large display device may be mentioned as an example. Hereinafter, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described using a notebook monitor as an example in the embodiment of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited thereto and may include the aforementioned liquid crystal display devices.

Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the liquid crystal display 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a liquid crystal display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a liquid crystal panel 400 and a liquid crystal panel 400 of the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIG. 1. The attached viewing angle magnification films 480 and 490 and the polarizing plates 610 and 620 are shown.

1 and 2, the liquid crystal display device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention generally has a liquid crystal panel assembly 400, a backlight unit 500, an upper storage container 110, and a lower storage container ( 120).

Here, the liquid crystal panel assembly 400 includes a liquid crystal panel 470, a gate tape carrier package 440, a data tape carrier package 450, a printed circuit board 460, and the like.

The liquid crystal panel 470 is interposed between the thin film transistor array panel 430, the common electrode panel 410 provided to face the thin film transistor array panel 430, and the thin film transistor array panel 430 and the common electrode panel 410. And a liquid crystal layer 420 oriented in the direction.

The thin film transistor array panel 430 is not illustrated in the drawing, but a gate line, a data line, a thin film transistor array, a pixel electrode, and the like are sequentially formed on the insulating substrate 411.

The common electrode panel 410 is not shown in the drawing, but a black matrix, a color filter for passing only light of a specific wavelength, and a color filter are planarized and common on one surface of the insulating substrate 431. The common electrode, which is a transparent conductive material that applies an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 420 by forming a potential difference with the pixel electrode of the planarization film and the thin film transistor array panel 430, which improves adhesion to the electrodes, is sequentially formed.

As described above, the liquid crystal layer 420 is interposed between the thin film transistor array panel 410 and the common electrode panel 410. In this case, the liquid crystal layer 420 may be composed of a liquid crystal having positive optical anisotropy, for example, a nematic liquid crystal. The liquid crystal layer 420 is aligned in a predetermined direction by the alignment layers 412 and 432 formed on the thin film transistor array panel 410 and the common electrode display panel 410, which will be described later with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. Let's do it.

The lower viewing angle magnification film 490 and the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 are attached to the lower and upper portions of the liquid crystal panel 470 as described above. Here, the lower viewing angle expanding film 490 is attached so that the rubbing direction 491 of the lower viewing angle expanding film 490 coincides with the rubbing direction 433 of the thin film transistor array panel 430, and the upper viewing angle expanding film 480 is The rubbing direction 481 of the upper viewing angle expanding film 480 and the rubbing direction 413 of the common electrode display panel 410 are attached to each other. That is, the lower viewing angle magnification film 490 and the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 are attached such that the rubbing direction of each other forms 90 degrees.

The lower viewing angle magnification film 490 and the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 are liquid crystals having negative optical anisotropy, for example, discotic liquid crystals of disc-shaped discs 51 and 52 of FIG. 2. Is formed in a multi-layered structure according to the inclination and azimuth angles of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 to compensate for phase retardation of light generated by the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42. do. A more detailed description will be described later with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.

In addition, a lower polarizing plate 620 and an upper polarizing plate 610 are provided on the lower viewing angle expanding film 490 and the upper viewing angle expanding film 480 to transmit only light in a direction parallel to the polarization axis. Here, the upper polarizing plate 610 and the lower polarizing plate 620 are attached to both sides of the liquid crystal panel 470 so that the polarization axes form 90 degrees to each other. At this time, the polarization axis of the upper polarizing plate 610 is provided to coincide with the rubbing direction 481 of the upper viewing angle expanding film 480. The polarization axis of the lower polarizing plate 620 is provided to coincide with the rubbing direction 491 of the lower viewing angle expanding film 490.

The gate tape carrier package 440 is connected to each gate line formed on the thin film transistor array panel 430, and the data tape carrier package 450 is connected to each data line formed on the thin film transistor array panel 430.

The printed circuit board 460 includes various driving components for processing both the gate driving signal and the data driving signal for inputting the gate driving signal to the gate tape carrier package 440 and the data driving signal to the data tape carrier package 450. This is mounted.

The backlight unit 500 includes optical sheets 510, a light guide plate 520, a lamp assembly 530, a reflective plate 540, and the like.

Here, the light guide plate 520 guides the light supplied to the liquid crystal panel assembly 400. The light guide plate 520 is formed of a panel of a plastic-based transparent material such as acryl to propagate light generated from the lamp toward the liquid crystal panel 470 seated on the light guide plate. Accordingly, various patterns for converting the traveling direction of light incident into the light guide plate 520 toward the liquid crystal panel 470 are printed and formed on the rear surface of the light guide plate 520.

The lamp assembly 530 includes a lamp inserted into a side of the light guide plate 520 to emit such light and a lamp reflector surrounding the lamp.

The reflective plate 540 is installed on the lower surface of the light guide plate 520 to reflect the light emitted to the lower portion of the light guide plate 42 upward. The reflective plate 540 is disposed on the lower surface of the light guide plate 520, and reflects the light that is not reflected by the minute dot pattern on the rear surface of the light guide plate 520 back toward the exit surface of the light guide plate 520, thereby causing the liquid crystal panel 470 to be reflected. It reduces the light loss of the incident light and improves the uniformity of the light transmitted to the exit surface of the light guide plate 520.

The optical sheets 510 are installed on the upper surface of the light guide plate 520 to diffuse and collect light transmitted from the light guide plate 520. The optical sheets 510 include a diffusion sheet, a prism sheet, a protective sheet, and the like. A diffusion sheet located between the light guide plate 520 and the prism sheet disperses light incident from the light guide plate 520 to prevent the light from being partially concentrated. The prism sheet has a triangular prism with a regular arrangement on the upper surface, and is usually composed of two sheets, and each prism array is arranged so as to cross each other at a predetermined angle, so that the light diffused from the diffusion sheet is a liquid crystal panel. Condensing in a direction perpendicular to the (470). As a result, the light passing through the prism sheet almost runs vertically so that the luminance distribution on the protective sheet is uniformly obtained. The protective sheet formed on the prism sheet not only serves to protect the surface of the prism sheet, but also serves to diffuse light in order to make the distribution of light uniform.

Here, in the case of the small liquid crystal display device 100, one lamp is usually installed on the side of the light guide plate 520, but as the liquid crystal display device 100 increases in size, a plurality of lamps may be provided in one lamp assembly 530. Lamps can be installed. In addition, an inverter (not shown) for supplying power to the lamp of the lamp assembly 530 and the lamp assembly 530 are electrically connected by wires.

The liquid crystal panel assembly 400 is installed on the protective sheet and is seated in the lower storage container 120 together with the backlight unit 500. The lower storage container 120 has a rectangular shape and a sidewall is formed along the edge of the upper surface to receive and fix the backlight unit 500 and the liquid crystal panel assembly 400 in the sidewall, and include a plurality of sheets. To prevent the backlight unit 500 from bending. The printed circuit board 460 of the liquid crystal panel assembly 400 is bent along the outer surface of the lower housing 120 and seated on the rear surface of the lower housing 120. Here, the shape of the lower storage container 120 may be variously modified according to a method of accommodating the backlight unit 500 or the liquid crystal panel assembly 400 in the lower storage container 120.

In addition, the upper accommodating container 110 is disposed to be coupled to the lower accommodating container 120 to cover an upper surface of the liquid crystal panel assembly 400 accommodated in the lower accommodating container 120. The upper surface of the upper accommodating container 110 is formed with a window 112 for exposing the liquid crystal panel assembly 400 to the outside.

The upper container 110 may be coupled to the lower container 120 through a hook (not shown). For example, a hook is formed along an outer surface of the side wall of the lower container 120, and a hook is formed. Hook insertion hole (not shown) may be formed on the side of the upper storage container (110). Therefore, as the upper storage container 110 descends from above the lower storage container 120, the hook formed in the lower storage container 120 enters the hook insertion hole of the upper storage container 110, thereby lowering the storage container 120. And the upper storage container 110 may be fastened. In addition, the combination of the upper storage container 110 and the lower storage container 120 may be modified in various forms.

Next, the relationship between the liquid crystal applied to the present embodiment and the viewing angle magnification film according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.

3A is a view for explaining an angle formed by the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panel 400, and FIG. 3B is a discotic liquid crystal molecules of the viewing angle expanding films 480 and 490. FIG. 3C is a view for explaining an angle formed by (51, 52), and FIG. 3C is a diagram showing a combination of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 of FIG. 3A and the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 of FIG. 3B. 4A illustrates a liquid crystal having a predetermined inclination angle, for example, an inclination angle of 30 degrees with respect to the insulating substrate 411 in a direction opposite to the rubbing direction 481 of the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 shown in FIG. 2. When the display device 100 is viewed, the arrangement state of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 in the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 is shown, and FIG. 4B is insulated from the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 100. When viewed with the same inclination angle with respect to the substrate 411, the arrangement state of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 in the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 is shown.

FIG. 5A illustrates the liquid crystal display 100 having a predetermined tilt angle, for example, an inclination angle of 30 degrees with respect to the insulating substrate 431 in the rubbing direction of the lower viewing angle expanding film 490 illustrated in FIG. 2. 5 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement state of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 52 in the lower viewing angle expanding film 490, and FIG. 5B illustrates the lower viewing angle when viewed with the same inclination angle from the upper side of the liquid crystal display 100. The arrangement state of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 52 in the magnification film 490 is shown.

In the nematic liquid crystals 420 interposed between the thin film transistor array panel 430 and the common electrode display panel 410, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 41, that is, the optical axis a1 of the liquid crystal molecules 41 are all thin film transistor array panels. 430 and the common electrode panel 410 are aligned to be parallel to each other. In this case, the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal molecules close to the thin film transistor array panel 430 and the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal molecules close to the common electrode display panel 410 form 90 ° to each other.

Refer to FIG. 3A for a more detailed description. Here, the x-axis and the y-axis are defined as axes that are orthogonal to each other in the plane formed by the common electrode panel 410 or the thin film transistor array panel 430, and the x axis is the rubbing direction 433 and z of the thin film transistor array panel 430. When the axis is defined as the normal direction with respect to the common electrode display panel 410 or the thin film transistor array panel 430, the inclination angle θ1 of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 is the optical axis a1 and the z axis of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42. It can be defined as the angle to make up. In addition, the azimuth angle φ1 of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 may be defined as an angle formed by the projection vector projecting the optical axis a1 of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 to the xy plane.

When no voltage is applied (ie, in a white state), the azimuth angle φ1 of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 near the thin film transistor array panel 430 is 0 °, and the nematic liquid crystal molecules toward the common electrode display panel 410 is closer. The azimuth angle φ1 of (42) gradually increases to 90 °. The inclination angle θ1 of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 forms 90 °.

When a black state voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panel 400 having such a structure, the inclination angle of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 approaches 0 ° toward the center of the cell gap. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 positioned in the center of the cell gap are arranged such that the optical axis a1 is substantially perpendicular to the insulating substrates 411 and 431. In contrast, the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 near the thin film transistor array panel 430 and the common electrode display panel 410 are insulated toward the rubbing direction due to the alignment control force of the alignment layers 412 and 432 applied to the insulating substrates 411 and 431. It is arranged to be inclined with respect to the substrates 411 and 431.

In order to compensate for the phase retardation of light generated by the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42 arranged to be inclined with respect to the insulating substrates 411 and 431, the lower viewing angle is enlarged on the thin film transistor array panel 430 and the common electrode display panel 410, respectively. The film 490 and the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 are attached. As mentioned above, the lower viewing angle magnification film 490 and the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 are made of discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 and 52, and the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51, 52 is formed in a multilayer structure according to the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the nematic liquid crystal molecules 42.

Here, the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 and 52 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3B. The nematic liquid crystal molecule 42 described above has the largest refractive index in the optical axis a1 direction, The tick liquid crystal molecules 51 and 52 have the smallest refractive index in the optical axis a2, that is, in the normal direction. Therefore, the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 and 52 are arranged in the form as shown in FIG. 3C.

In the case of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the upper viewing angle magnifying film 480, the optical axis a2 of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 is the upper viewing angle magnifying film as shown in FIG. 4A. When viewed with an inclination angle of 30 degrees with respect to the insulating substrate 411 from the direction opposite to the rubbing direction 481 of 480, the rubbing direction 481 and the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 of the upper viewing angle magnification film 480. It is preferable to form a predetermined angle, for example, an angle of 2 ° to 3 ° with the plane 482 formed by the normal to. When the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the upper viewing angle magnification film 480 are arranged in this way, when viewed at an inclination angle of 30 degrees from the insulating substrate 411 on the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 100, FIG. As shown in (b), the surfaces of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 51 are uniformly seen for each layer. In this case, when a black state voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device 100, light leakage may be prevented by nematic liquid crystal molecules inclined near the thin film transistor array panel 410, whereby the liquid crystal display device 100 may be prevented. ) Contrast Ratio (C / R) can be increased. That is, the upper viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device 100 can be improved.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 5A, the optical axis a2 of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 52 included in the lower viewing angle magnification film 490 corresponds to the rubbing direction of the lower viewing angle magnification film 490. 491, when viewed with an inclination angle of 30 degrees with respect to the insulating substrate 431, the plane 492 formed by the rubbing direction 491 of the lower viewing angle expanding film 490 and the normal to the lower viewing angle expanding film 490 is formed. It is preferable to achieve a predetermined angle, for example, an angle of 2 ° to 3 °. When the discotic liquid crystal molecules 52 included in the lower viewing angle magnification film 490 are arranged in this way, when viewed at an inclination angle of 30 degrees from the insulating substrate 411 on the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 100, FIG. 5. As shown in (b) of FIG. 1, the surfaces of the discotic liquid crystal molecules 52 are uniformly seen for each layer. In this case, when the black state voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device 100, light leakage may be prevented by nematic liquid crystal molecules inclined near the common electrode display panel 430, whereby the liquid crystal display device 100 may be prevented. ) Can increase the contrast ratio from the top. That is, the upper viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device 100 can be improved.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device in which the color filter is formed on the common electrode display panel has been described as an example. However, the present invention provides a color filter on thin film transistor (COT) method in which the color filter is formed on the thin film transistor array panel. The same applies to the liquid crystal display device.

In addition, in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, an edge type backlight assembly having a lamp at one side of the wedge-shaped light guide plate has been described as an example, but the present invention provides lamps at both sides of the light guide plate having a flat plane. The same applies to a flat type backlight assembly having an assembly or a direct type backlight assembly having a structure in which a plurality of lamps are arranged on the bottom without the light guide plate.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may implement the present invention in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof. I can understand that. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive.

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an upper viewing angle of the liquid crystal display may be improved by forming a predetermined angle between the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal molecules and the optical axis of the discotic liquid crystal molecules.

Claims (6)

Thin film transistor array panels; A common electrode panel facing the thin film transistor array panel; A liquid crystal layer including nematic liquid crystal molecules interposed between the thin film transistor array panel and the common electrode display panel; First and second viewing angle magnifying films respectively attached to the thin film transistor array panel and the common electrode panel and including first and second discotic liquid crystal molecules; And First and second polarizing plates attached to the first and second viewing angle expanding films, respectively; The polarization axis of the first polarizing plate and the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate are perpendicular to each other, The first optical axis of the first discotic liquid crystal molecules forms a predetermined angle with a plane formed by a rubbing direction of the first viewing angle expanding film and a normal to the first viewing angle expanding film, And a second optical axis of the second discotic liquid crystal molecule forms a predetermined angle with a plane formed by a rubbing direction of the second viewing angle expanding film and a normal to the second viewing angle expanding film. The method of claim 1, The angle is less than 3 ° liquid crystal display device. The method of claim 1, And the first and second discotic liquid crystal molecules arranged along the normal direction increase in angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis, and the normal as the distance from the liquid crystal layer increases. The method of claim 1, The rubbing direction of the first viewing angle expanding film and the rubbing direction of the second viewing angle expanding film are perpendicular to each other. The method of claim 4, wherein The rubbing direction of the first viewing angle expanding film is the same as the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate. The method of claim 4, wherein The rubbing direction of the second viewing angle expanding film is the same as the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate.

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