KR20070026751A - The method for destroy of long-life radionuclides and for synthesis of valuable elements - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for destroying long half-life radionuclides and a method for synthesizing valuable elements are provided to complete a nuclear reaction required in destroying nuclear division byproducts like I-129 and Tc-99 and synthesizing valuable elements like radioisotope and gold by using a middle high temperature chemical reaction apparatus using a catalytic reaction. In a method for destroying long half-life radionuclides or synthesizing valuable elements, Lewis acid, water and raw material are nuclear-reacted in a middle high temperature. The Lewis acid includes more than one of B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn. The raw material uses more than one of He, Be, Ne, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Kr, Tc, I, Xe, Cs, Pr, Tb, Ho, Lu, Ta, Ir and Hg. The middle high temperature is a reaction temperature of 100 to 1500 degrees centigrade.

Description

The Method for Destroy of Long-life Radionuclides and for Synthesis of Valuable Elements

Nuclear power generation, which uses mass-depleted energy released during nuclear fission of uranium-235, will inevitably generate radioactive wastes corresponding to fission products. As of the end of December 2005, the expected saturation period of domestic spent fuel storage facilities is It is analyzed to be 2008. Most of the fission products contained in the radioactive waste from spent fuel have a half-life of 30 years or less, so if they are stored at the disposal site for about 300 years, they disappear naturally. However, such as I-129 and Tc-99 Radionuclides with long half-lives have a half-life of 15,700,000 years and 211,100 years, respectively, so that the safe disposal of radioactive waste requires the separation of these nuclides before disposal and the need for the technology to extinguish these separated nuclides. have.

As a result, researches to extinguish radionuclides of long-lived radionuclides have been actively carried out all over the world. The methods for extinguishing long-lived radionuclides developed using the high-speed reactor and the proton acceleration and subcritical How to use a complex system is introduced. The use of fast reactors is a technology that converts actinide elements contained in nuclear fuel into short-lived nuclides in a high-energy neutron environment. Neptunium (Np) and americium (Am) Combustion experiments with the included mixed oxide (MOX) fuel have shown that it takes about two years to reduce the amount of Np and Am to half of the original. The system corresponds to a technique that uses a number of neutrons for nuclear conversion of long-lived radionuclides in subcritical furnaces when colliding high energy protons with tungsten or lead. It is being researched and developed at the Ramos National Laboratory and the European Nuclear Research Center. As described above, all of the technologies for extinguishing long-lived radionuclides, which have been developed to date, require enormous cost facilities such as nuclear reactors or accelerators, and their processing efficiency is not high.

The technical problem of the present invention is not only to extinguish the fission products of long-life, such as I-129 and Tc-99, but also to synthesize nuclei of high-value elements such as radioisotopes and gold used as raw materials for labeling compounds. The reaction is completed by using a high-temperature chemical reaction device using a catalytic reaction.

The present invention corresponds to a technology for elemental conversion of a raw material to cause nuclear transformation using Lewis acid and water at a temperature of 100 ℃ to 1,500 ℃, it can be referred to as a medium-temperature nuclear reaction technology.

Lewis acid is a compound capable of receiving electron pairs using B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn as the main raw materials. It has been found to cause acid-base reactions at temperature. If there is a raw material to cause a nuclear reaction during the Lewis acid / base reaction, the hydrogen of the water molecules bonded to the Lewis acid is changed to helium, which is a stable material, and at the same time, the raw material is in the form of two reduced neutrons. Isotopes of. If the atomic state of the isotope with reduced neutrons is unstable, it is converted to a new stable element through a nuclear transformation process such as electron capture, and all of these processes can be performed almost simultaneously during the reaction period. Can be expressed as

In order to help the understanding of the text, the present invention will be described through embodiments, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

While maintaining a continuous reactor containing 400 g of Lewis acid at 500 ° C., I-129 steam and water vapor were flowed at a flow rate of 1 g / h to 10 g / h, and at the same time, I- included in the gas passed through the reactor. By analyzing the concentration ratio of 129 and I-127 using GC-Mass, the treatment efficiency of I-129 can be calculated. The principle of treatment is expressed as chemical reaction formula as follows.

Example 2

10 g of Tc-99 was uniformly fixed and mixed in 400 g of Lewis acid and placed in a continuous reactor, followed by steam at a flow rate of 1 g / h to 10 g / h for 4 to 24 hours while maintaining the reactor temperature at 500 ° C. After dissolving the reaction product attached to Lewis acid with hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, the concentrations of Tc-99, Tc-97, Tc-95 and Mo-95 dissolved in the solution were analyzed using LC-Mass. The treatment efficiency of 99 can be calculated, and the treatment principle is expressed in the form of chemical reaction equation as follows.

Example 3

While maintaining a continuous reactor containing 400 g of Lewis acid at 500 ° C., the reaction was performed while flowing neon (Ne) gas and water vapor at a flow rate of 1 g / h to 10 g / h, and at the same time, the F contained in the gas passed through the reactor. By analyzing the concentration ratio of -18 and neon gas using GC-Mass, we can calculate the synthesis efficiency of F-18 which is widely used as a labeling compound. The synthesis principle is expressed as chemical reaction formula as follows.

Example 4

20 g of Hg-199 is uniformly fixed and mixed in 400 g of Lewis acid and placed in a continuous reactor, followed by steam at a flow rate of 1 g / h to 10 g / h for 4 to 24 hours while maintaining the reactor temperature at 500 ° C. After dissolving the reaction product attached to Lewis acid into a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, the concentration of Hg-199, Hg-197 and Au-197 dissolved in the solution was analyzed using LC-Mass. The synthesis efficiency of 197 can be calculated, and the synthesis principle is expressed in the form of chemical reaction equation as follows.

 In the present invention, as well as the four embodiments described above, He, Be, Ne, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Kr, Tc, I, Xe, Cs, Pr , Tb, Ho, Lu, Ta, Ir and Hg can be used as raw materials, and as a result, the synthesis of radioisotopes used as raw materials for labeling compounds, as well as the synthesis of new isotopes that cannot be synthesized with reactors and cyclotrons It will be possible.

The present invention not only economically extinguishes radionuclides of long-lives contained in radioactive wastes generated by operation of nuclear power plants, but also includes radioisotopes used as raw materials for labeling compounds at low cost. Thus, new elements of high added value can be synthesized.

Claims (4)

In the method for extinction of long-lived radionuclides or for synthesis of high value elements, Method for synthesizing long-lived radionuclides or synthesizing high-value elements, characterized in that the 'nuic acid', 'water' and 'raw material' are nuclear reacted at 'high temperature'. The 'half acid' according to claim 1, wherein the long-life is characterized by using a Lewis acid containing at least one of B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn. Process for extinction of radionuclides or for synthesis of high value elements. In the 'raw material' of claim 1, He, Be, Ne, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Kr, Tc, I, Xe, Cs, Pr, Tb, A method for the quenching of long-lived radionuclides or for the synthesis of high value elements, characterized in using at least one of Ho, Lu, Ta, Ir and Hg. The method for synthesizing a long-lived radionuclide or synthesizing a high value-added element according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 100 ° C to 1,500 ° C.