KR20060125169A - Spatial information construction technology and disaster mobile gis system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for constructing spatial information and a mobile GIS(Geographic Information System) for managing a disaster with the same are provided to quickly obtain precise geographic information by constructing the geographic information with a proper spatial information data format. An arc/line type digital map of a DXF(Drawing Interchange Format) is preprocessed into a coverage format. Polygon/point/arc/line type data is obtained by converting preprocessed map data into a polygon/point/art/line format. The obtained polygon/point/arc/line type data is graphically corrected. Coordinates of the corrected data is converted into a TM(Transverse Mercator) coordinate system from a longitude/latitude coordinate system. The data converted into the TM coordinate system is converted into a data format required from a GIS. One map is made by joining the neighboring maps converted into the GIS format by partially matching an edge of the maps.

Description

Spatial Information Construction Technology and Disaster Mobile GIS System using Spatial Information Construction Method

1A and 1B are flowcharts illustrating a method of constructing spatial information according to the present invention.

Figure 2a and Figure 2b is a view showing a mobile GIS system for disaster response using spatial information according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a spatial information construction method and a mobile geographic information system (GIS) for disaster response using the same, and more particularly, to convert spatial information into a data format suitable for the domestic reality, such spatial information and GPS By using the system to identify the current location of the ground firefighting team put into the disaster area, and output the information of the area to the disaster response personnel through a mobile communication system equipped with a GPS receiver, so that safe and efficient disaster response work can be performed. An information construction method and a mobile GIS system for disaster response using the same.

Until recently, various systems have been developed to quickly deal with disasters and save lives in the event of natural disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes, etc.

However, the information on the movement status and location information of the human resources committed to the disaster site is not made in real time, and in particular, the rapid risk information acquisition and situation analysis in the evolution area to safely protect the human resources committed to the site during large-scale fire extinguishing Almost none

Prior art such as Korean Utility Model Registration No. 2000-27957 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2001-62334 are provided with cameras and sensors that can detect whether a forest fire occurs on a forest site, and are output from the cameras and sensors. A system has been developed and proposed to transmit a signal to a forest fire control center so that the forest fire can be detected immediately.

However, in the above methods, information on the movement status or location information of the ground fire fighting team, which is the manpower put into the field for rapid forest fire extinguishing, is not made in real time.

In particular, when wildfires are enlarged and the Evolutionary Team is actually put into the field, there is no means to determine the location of the Evolutionary Team except the radio. The position of the evolutionary member through the wireless communication can be virtually impossible to determine the actual position of the evolutionary member in the control center, if the evolutionary member does not know the exact location information of the area. As such, it is impossible to determine the exact location of the Evolutionary Crew, so it is not possible to provide the Evolutionary Crew with information on nearby facilities, water systems, forest roads, and hiking trails, and in case of an emergency, obtain information to evacuate to the surrounding features (cemeteries, etc.). This is difficult.

Recently, the mobile GIS based on the remarkable development of the Internet and communication technology and the concept of Location Based Service (LBS) is not only for the rapid situation processing report of disaster occurrence, but also for accident prevention and comprehensive analysis. It can be used as a valid information system that can effectively support safety management up to evaluation.

However, for the development of mobile GIS system, wireless positioning technology, LBS middleware technology, large-scale spatial data processing technology, GIS analysis technology, etc. are required as basic technologies, but are still in the early development stage. In addition, the actual use of domestic and international mobile GIS and technology, emergency vehicle control system that supports smooth business processing service for emergency situation by developing the real-time location and movement of the vehicle by using PDA and GPS, but the scene of disaster It is not able to grasp the movement status and location information of manpower input to the control station in real time and receive it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to provide a method for constructing spatial information, which enables to obtain geographic information quickly and accurately by constructing geographic information in a spatial information data format suitable for a domestic situation.

Another object of the present invention is to receive the signal received from the mobile communication system equipped with a GPS receiver and the disaster response personnel in the control system to determine the location of the disaster response personnel and to use the spatial information of the identified location of the corresponding mobile communication system By providing a mobile GIS system for disaster response, which can be transmitted through the system, the efficiency of disaster response can be improved by identifying the exact location of disaster response personnel and transmitting and receiving information on disaster sites quickly.

GIS must basically support three types of spatial data types: Point, Arc / Line, and Polygon. Basically, the digital map issued by the National Institute of Informatics consists of data in the form of DXF (Drawing Interchange File) .In the case of digital maps, most of them are produced in the form of arc / line data at the time of manufacture. Conversion is required.

Accordingly, the present invention converts the data of the existing DXF form into the GCI form, which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B below.

FIG. 1A is a flowchart illustrating a method of constructing spatial information according to the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a conceptual diagram illustrating a data modification of the method of constructing spatial information according to the present invention.

After performing the pre-processing step of converting the existing DXF numerical map of the arc / line form into the coverage data form, the data is converted into the polygon and point form, and then the SHAPE file form of the polygon, point and arc / line form. The obtained data is converted into the data format required by GIS after converting the coordinates of the modified data from the longitude and latitude coordinate system to the TM (Transverse Mercator) coordinate system through graphic correction. A mapjoin process is performed to make several maps into a single map, and this process includes removing the figures drawn out of the drawing area and precisely connecting and matching the positions of the features. At this time, the geospatial information includes various geographic information such as maps, administrative district maps, water systems, hiking trails, forest roads, road networks, graveyards and shelters.

The converted data is compressed into data dedicated to a mobile communication system such as a PDA, and then an index map is constructed, which will be described in more detail below.

In general, the mobile communication system environment such as PDA requires a light weight of DB and a compressed file technique in case of GIS service due to the development environment and process that is relatively inferior to general desktop PC, and especially based on Mobile GIS technology according to the present invention. Forest fire extinction information management system requires optimal lightweight and compressed spatial data to spatially analyze and transmit forest fire extinguishing work status and forest fire extinguishing environment information and shortest distance fire extinguishing path in real time. To do this, it is necessary to compress the data structure to delete unnecessary data and add additional functions later.

As a result of comparing and analyzing the file format of the gci compression program and the shape file format as described above, the header data structure of the shape file is composed of 8 bytes of coordinate data such as Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax, Zmax, and Zmin. While the total length is 100 bytes (Kim Chae Seung et al., 1999), the data structure of the header part of the gci file according to the present invention is composed of a double data type consisting of 4 bytes of single, Zmax, which is not necessary in two-dimensional space. Information such as Zmin is deleted and the total length is reduced to 32 bytes. Table 1 below shows file structure information of a header file portion of a gci compressed file.

In addition, the data structure of points, lines, and polygons is added to the header file defined as described above according to the terrain type. In the case of the double point, the shape file is composed of the record header and the record contents. A gci compressed file according to the present invention is composed of a record header and a record content by combining a record number and 8 bytes indicating a record length and 20 bytes of a record type indicating a geographic type and coordinate information. Since it consists of 12 bytes of coordinate information of number, X, Y, that is, if the geographic type of the gci compressed file is point, the total file length is 32 bytes in the header part and 12 bytes per number of records. Table 2 shows the gci file data structure when the terrain type is a pointer.

Next, if the terrain types are lines and polygons, look at the data structure of the shape file: geographic type information, data boundaries (top left, top, bottom, top, bottom), total number of parts, total number of points, and one part. The gci file consists of the serial number, the total number of parts, the total number of points, the serial number of each part, and the array for each point. Table 3 shows the gci file data structure with geographic type structure of lines and polygons.

In order to evaluate the performance of the compressed gci file data, 139MB is reduced by deleting and merging unnecessary data in 1.38GB .dxf file format, which is the original data of the digital topographic map of 238 maps of 1: 5,000 scale in Uiseong area. After converting the shape file into a shape file and running the gci compression program on the reduced shape file, the total data size was 63MB, which was more than 55% more effective than the shape file format. In other words, when the building layer, contour layer, and place name layer are shape files, the data capacity of 12.3MB, 72.1MB, and 0.3MB has a high compression ratio of 5.1MB, 35.3MB, and 0.13MB, especially in a stream of 23.1MB. In the case of 8.7MB, the highest compression was 62%.

Table 4 shows capacity size and compression ratio of spatial data to be operated in forest fire extinguishing information management system based on Mobile GIS technology.

Then, as described above, the compressed spatial DB is divided into cells of a size of 1: 5,000 map size based on the digital map, and the data divided later are divided into three horizontal and vertical leaves, that is, nine map leaves from the server according to the corresponding position of the PDA location. Create an index map to receive the data and store and display it on your PDA.

In another aspect of the present invention, the mobile GIS system for disaster response using the spatial information includes a mobile communication system for disaster response personnel and equipment equipped with a GPS receiver, and a signal output from the mobile communication system to receive a disaster. It is composed of a control system that identifies the location of personnel and equipment to cope, and retrieves the surrounding information of the identified location from the stored spatial information and transmits it to the corresponding PDA. Make it possible to send and receive quickly. The spatial information data may be transmitted from the control system to the mobile communication system or may be stored in the mobile communication system's own memory.

The mobile communication system is provided with an image capturing means, it is possible to take a picture of the surrounding situation and transmit it to the control system, the control system re-process the field situation image output from the mobile communication system. That is, the geographic information of the region recorded in its own database is changed to the current situation and transmitted to the mobile communication system so that all disaster response personnel can check the information of the region.

In addition, the mobile communication system can measure and display the actual distance on the map output on the screen, it is possible to provide attribute information using its own map query function, and through communication with the control system Information about the surrounding situation can be provided by searching in real time. The map search function is a function of searching for a result that meets a condition using attribute information in a database and displaying it on a map. water system. Quickly retrieve reservoir information to enable efficient forest fire extinguishing.

On the other hand, in order to search for the location information, the WGS 84 coordinate system, which is a coordinate system currently operated by the GPS system, is converted into a Korean longitude coordinate system, and then converted into a TM coordinate.

In the above description, a GPS (Global Positioning System) refers to a system for detecting a current position by receiving a radio wave from a GPS satellite moving in the earth's atmosphere and calculating a radio wave reception distance with the satellite.

Figure 2a is a block diagram showing a mobile response system for disaster response according to the present invention, Figure 2b is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of a mobile response system for disaster response, looks at forest fire evolution as an embodiment of the present invention. .

In the mobile GIS system for disaster response according to the present invention, the ground extinguishing zone PDA 10 equipped with the GPS receiver 12 and the signal output from the PDA 10 identify and grasp the position of the ground extinguishing zone. It consists of a control system 20 for transmitting the peripheral information of the location to the corresponding PDA (10).

The control system 20, the transmission and reception unit 21 in charge of the transmission and reception with the PDA 10, the display unit 22 for displaying the input information so that the user can recognize, a database 23 that stores a variety of information, Based on the GPS signal output from the PDA 10 and the key input unit 24 for selecting and inputting various operation modes, the position of the ground fire crew is detected and the corresponding position is displayed on the display unit 22 or the PDA 10. And a controller 25 for outputting an operation control signal to the display unit 22 or the transceiver unit 21 according to the command control signal output from the key input unit 24.

The PDA 10 of the present invention is already well-known and its detailed description is omitted, but the PDA 10 is provided with an image capturing means 14, so that the surrounding situation can be photographed and transmitted to the control system 20. have. The control system 20 reprocesses the site situation image output from the PDA 10, changes the geographic information of the region recorded in its own database 26 to the current situation, and transmits it back to the PDA 10 for the ground. Allow the evolutionary member to check the information in the area.

In addition, the PDA 10 may measure and display an actual distance on a map output on the screen, and search for a result matching a search condition among data recorded in its database 16 using its own map query function. It can be, through the communication with the control system 20 can be provided by searching for information on the surrounding situation in real time.

As an embodiment of the present invention will be described forest fire extinguishing system.

When a fire occurs, the control system 20 grasps the occurrence location of the fire, and then inputs the ground fire crew having the PDA 10 equipped with the GPS receiver 12 to the site.

The control system 20 is based on the signal output from the PDA (10) on the basis of the exact position of the evolutionary crews and transmits the instructions for the evolution, the evolutionary crews around the current position through the PDA (10) Geographic information can be accurately identified, improving the efficiency of evolution.

On the other hand, the GPS receiver can be installed in the helicopter in addition to the evolutionary crew, in this case, the helicopter-related information is recorded in the database of the control system, the display unit accurately displays the position and movement path of the helicopter, the management of the firefighting helicopter in case of forest fire It can be facilitated.

According to the present invention configured as described above, at the time of a disaster, the situation of the disaster site can be confirmed accurately and promptly by the control station, and the personnel dispatched to the site can easily search for the surrounding facilities and geographic information, so that the disaster response The efficiency is improved.

Particularly, when applied to wildfire evolution, safe work support and scientific early evolution of ground fire extinguishing system can bring about manpower and cost reduction due to the existing fire management, and it can be used in real time for accurate fire extinguishing situation and surrounding evolutionary environment. Obtaining information can build a coherent forest fire command system for centralized control.

Claims (10)

The process of preprocessing the numerical map of the arc / line form DXF form into the coverage form, The process of obtaining the data of polygon, point, arc / line form by converting pre-processed map data into polygon, point form, Graphically modifying the data obtained in the form of polygons, points, arcs / lines, The process of converting the coordinates of the modified data from the longitude and latitude coordinate system to the TM (Transverse Mercator) coordinate system, Converting the data converted into the TM coordinate system into a data format required by a GIS; The method of claim 1, wherein adjacent maps converted into the GIS format are attached to each other to form a single map, and in this process, the boundary of the drawing partially matches the drawing boundary. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the file modified in the GIS file format is compressed as described above. The header portion is composed of a single 4-byte header, and information such as Zmax and Zmin, which are not necessary in a two-dimensional space, is deleted. The point data structure added to the part consists of the record header and the record contents into one, and consists of serial number and SINGLE type X and Y coordinate information.The data structure of the line and polygon added to the header part is the serial number and the total part fraction. , The total number of points, the serial number of each part, and the X and Y coordinate information for each point of the SINGLE type. The spatial information construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an index map is constructed from data changed to the GIS file format. Mobile communication system for disaster response personnel and equipment equipped with GPS receiver, Receives the signal output from the mobile communication system to identify the location of the disaster response manpower and equipment, and the control system for retrieving the surrounding information of the identified location from the spatial information established in claim 1 to transmit to the PDA Mobile GIS system for disaster response using spatial information that is characterized in that it becomes. 5. The mobile GIS system of claim 4, wherein the spatial information data is stored in a memory of the mobile communication system. According to claim 4, The mobile communication system is provided with an image capturing means, and transmits the captured image to the control system, the control system information of the area recorded in the database on-site situation image output from the mobile communication system Mobile GIS system for disaster response using spatial information, characterized in that for transmitting to the mobile communication system in place of. The mobile GIS system of claim 4, wherein the mobile communication system measures and displays the actual distance on the map output on the screen. According to any one of claims 4 to 6, the mobile communication system using the map query function for disaster response using spatial information, characterized in that for searching the results that meet the search conditions from the data recorded in its database Mobile GIS system. The mobile GIS of claim 4, wherein the mobile communication system retrieves and provides information on the surrounding situation in real time through communication with a control system. system. The spatial information of claim 4, wherein the position information is converted into a longitude coordinate system after converting the WGS84 coordinate system, which is a coordinate system operated by a GPS system, into a TM (Transverse Mercator) coordinate. Mobile GIS system for disaster response using.

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