KR20060111042A - Nano silver and nano unit ceramics tooth dental caries make good - Google Patents

Abstract

A dental restorative material made of ceramics containing nano silver is provided to prevent the proliferation and infection of bacteria occurred in the teeth, and preserve healthy teeth for a long period by in lay or on lay restoration of decayed teeth with nano silver-containing dental ceramic restorative material. The dental restorative material made of ceramics contains 0.01-20 wt.% of nano silver based on 100 wt.% of the total dental restorative materials, wherein the ceramics contain ceramic components including quartz, feldspar, leucite, clay, silica, ablator, alumina, silica, boric acid, titanium, cobalt, manganese, lanthanum, tin, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, selenium and pigment; the ceramics are prepared by calcinating the ceramic components at 600-1000 deg. C; the particle size of nano sliver is 0.05-300nm; the dental restorative material made of ceramics is prepared by coating the ceramics by nano silver; and the coating thickness of nano silver is 0.01-50mum.

Description

 Nano silver and nano unit ceramics tooth dental caries make good}

1 is a front photograph of a tooth damaged by the caries of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a silver nano-ceramic of the present invention is an inlay restoration completion picture.

Figure 3 is another front photograph of the tooth damaged by the caries of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a silver nano-ceramic of the present invention is an on-ray repair completed photo.

Figure 5 is a block diagram of the manufacturing process of the silver nano and nano-unit ceramic dental restoration of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a block diagram of the coating process of the silver nano and nano-unit ceramic dental restoration of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a photograph taken at 60.000 times magnification of a cross section of silver nano of the present invention.

8 is a photograph taken by magnification of 80.000 times with an electron microscope of the side of the silver nano of the present invention.

9 is a photograph taken at 50.000 times magnification of the surface of the silver nano of the present invention by an electron microscope.

Figure 10 is a photograph of the antimicrobial activity of the strain into which the silver nano of the present invention.

11 is Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococci, bacteria in which the silver nano of the present invention is added.

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) Bacteria Antimicrobial Test Picture.

12 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of silver nano of the present invention.

* Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

10: restoration 20: silver nano

40: Ceramic materials (quartz, feldspar, calcite, clay, silica, flux, alumina, silicon, boric acid, titanium, cobalt, manganese, lanthanum, tin, copper, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, selenium, pigment)

60: softening 80: gaining impression

100: coating, 120: formulation

140: melt 160: dry

170: bonding liquid 180: stirring

190: disinfection 200: molding

210: firing 220: chamber

230: washing step 240: adhesive

240: rinse step 250: polishing step

290: gas injection process 300: sterilization process

340: 1st surface finish 360: 2nd surface finish

380: complete

 In response to the development of the economy, improved national income, and increased appearance concentration, interest in the aesthetics of dental prostheses has increased, and many kinds of dental caries make materials have been introduced to the clinic. Various clinical non-metallic dental caries make has been developed to expand clinical applications. For nonmetallic prosthetic restoration materials, all ceramics and composite metals are used. There are metal free post & core and all ceramic systems. The early all ceramics system introduced after the mid 80's mainly improved only the components of the material. The use of ceramic layering methods does not overcome the shortcomings of conventional porcelain or crowns. And it did not attract great interest in clinical practice. Since then, all ceramics with new ingredients and fabrication methods have been developed and used to date. Since the early 1990s, glass infiltration systems and superheat press molding (200) press able ceramic systems Is mainly used, and with the development of high bending strength zirconia oxide ceramics

Most recently, various dental ceramics have been introduced by working with computers in CAD / CAM, and several companies are currently developing new models.

Glass-infiltrated ceramic systems include In-Ceram Splint (Vita, who improved the method of fabricating high-strength In-Ceram Zirconia oxide after the introduction of In-Ceram Alumina, Spinelle and Celay systems. Germany) has been recently released and used, and the Wol-Ceram system technique using the CNC-Workcenter has the advantage of eliminating the replica modeling process because it is manufactured directly on individual dies during In-Ceram fabrication. .

In all cases, Segal (J Prosthet Dent, 2001) and Scotti et al. (Int J Prosthodont, 1995) reported success rates of 99.1% and 98.4%, respectively. (J Calif Dent Assoc, 1998) reported success rates of 100% in premolar, 89% in premolar, and 76% in molar in recent years. We can see that the development of the system has increased significantly.

Starting with IPS Empress, one of the earliest systems, Empress 2 (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) was developed and will be introduced soon as the next generation system, Empress 3, is under development.

In addition, the thermo-pressure molding (200) system used in Korea and abroad is very diverse as shown below, due to the convenience of the pore process is expected to expand the range of use.

 The present invention relates to a ceramic restorative material (10) which is a dental restorative material (dental caries make) containing silver nano (20) having antibacterial power as described above, and to a material of ceramic tooth restorative material. The present invention relates to a functional dental restoration having an effect of antimicrobial power, far-infrared radiation and silver ion release by adding 0.01 to 20% by weight of silver nano20.

In dentistry, after tooth restoration, inflammation occurs after tooth restoration due to contamination of tooth area, bacterial infection of materials, unsafe sterilization of instruments, etc. This is a natural result obtained by using a conventional dental restoration (10) having no or less sterilization power.

The structure of the tooth consists of enamel, dentin, pulp and roots. The enamel is the outer surface of the tooth, the hardest place in our body, it is painless, a good time to treat, the dentin is a little harder, light yellow, and the enamel is external When stimulated, it acts to relieve the shock.

On the other hand, dental caries, the main culprit of dental diseases, are caused by a combination of host and pathogen factors and environmental factors at the same time. Among other bacteria, S.mu tans is the leading cause of tooth decay. It acts as a pathogen in the development of dental caries.

Whatever food you eat, tooth decay does not occur in the teeth of animals that do not have mutans in the oral cavity.

In the oral cavity of a child raised by a mother who has a lot of S. mu tans in the oral cavity, a relatively large number of caries will occur.

In addition, the decay rate of tooth decay varies depending on the stickiness of food, the shape, location, and arrangement of the tooth. The decay occurs in the form of very fine white spots at first, and gradually turns into brown spots, and its size increases and deepens. There are various theories about the cause of tooth decay and tooth decay, but the theory that acid produced by microorganisms in the oral cavity decomposes food destroys dental tissue and causes tooth decay. The habit of eating is a major factor influencing the development of dental caries.

In particular, sugar in food is a component that causes tooth decay. Sugar in food is easily fermented inside the plaque to produce acids, and also produces very sticky glycoproteins. It helps to adhere firmly and limits the acid from being washed away by saliva.

In addition to sugar, carbohydrates such as starch, fructose and glucose in cooked foods are also easily fermented to produce acids, which is a major cause of tooth decay.

As such, the number of times and the timing of ingestion of foods containing fermented carbohydrates have a great effect on caries.

The present invention relates to a dental caries make containing silver nano (20) having anti-bacterial power as described above, in which the silver nano (20) is 0.01 to 20% by weight of PPM per 100 g in ceramic materials. It relates to a dental caries make made of ceramic (ceramics) excellent in antibacterial and bactericidal power in the 0.01 to 20PPM reference range.

Next, the ceramic restoratives are very aesthetic materials that can be treated similarly to tooth color, unlike metals. They are ceramic laminating, inlay and onlay. ) Can be used as a substitute for composite restorations or composite inlays and onlays in areas where esthetics are emphasized.

Ceramic laminating usually removes only a thin layer of enamel on the lip of the tooth, and is a method of adhering a thin restoration made outside the mouth to the tooth using adhesive cement (240). Used for dysplasia, discolored teeth, open teeth, broken teeth, etc.

In particular, women are exposed to dental caries more than men because of their good quality culture. When women are treated with tooth decay, such as metal or amalgam in their mouths when laughing or talking, there are some parts of the body that look aesthetically dissimilar when they see tooth colors and other materials. Good looking teeth can be created and ceramic inlays or on lay repairs are the best way to reproduce the color and shape of the teeth.

As described above, the antimicrobial dental caries make containing silver nano 20 of the present invention is easily added during the manufacture of dental caries make, rather than physical or electrical sterilization of the machine. Containing powerful silver nano (20) material with unparalleled and sterilizing power, you can get the following excellent benefits continuously without wasting electric power or time anytime, anywhere.

Silver nano (20) is harmless to the human body and has a sterilizing power tens of times stronger than the chlorine series.

 If so, the antimicrobial agent of the present invention lists the preferred features of the nano (20),

  First: dental caries make containing silver nano (20) generates silver ions and far-infrared rays to stimulate blood circulation and endocrine activity and block more than 90% of formaldehyde, an environmental hormone that has become a problem recently. It has many advantages that it keeps skin soft and anti-allergic and anti-allergic vitamin B6 and the lubricating effect of silver keeps the soft touch, deodorizing effect and sterilizing effect.

   Secondly, it reacts sensitively according to the pollution level of the surrounding environment.

 Destroys the bacterial cell membrane or disturbs the function of the cell, showing continuous antiseptic action.

 Recent research has shown that silver nano (20) can sterilize 650 bacteria and viruses, and prevents secondary infections in hospitals where it is a problem due to its excellent anti-bacterial and antibacterial function of harmful bacteria and microorganisms. Silver catalyzes the conversion of oxygen into active oxygen, which prevents the bactericidal activity and the propagation of bacteria that grow by sweat, saliva, dust, and food secreted by the human body.

   Third: Since the surface roughness of the dental caries make is evenly distributed and silver is the softest among all the metals, the particles of the silver nano 20 are fine when treating the dental caries make of the present invention. At the completion of the caries make (380), particles of the surface are formed evenly.

Fourth: the silver nano 20 is very easy to coat (100) or mix (120) with the material, and the like, and the material (120) and the coating (ceramics), which is a material of dental caries make. 100 is well done.

Fifth: has a deodorant effect. Dental caries make, which is used for tooth decay or breakage, has a disgusting odor due to inflammation, which neutralizes the disgusting odor due to the deodorization of silver, and after inlay or on lay repair work. It has a continuous bad breath deodorant effect.

As described above, the present invention provides an inlay or on-lay for repairing a tooth using a conventional ceramic material used by a dentist at the time of tooth decay or breakage. It is possible to prevent the proliferation and infection of bacteria occurring in teeth by sterilizing microorganisms and to maintain healthy teeth for a long time by combining (120) or coating (100) silver nano (20) having anti-bacterial power during on-lay or procedure. Regarding the tooth restorative material 10 containing silver nano 20,

   It was invented to protect teeth from bacteria, viruses and microorganisms, to remove oral odors and to solve all the problems of conventional dental caries make.

The silver nano (20) material having such excellent sterilization advantages is compounded (120) or coated (100) or 0.01 to 20% by weight in the tissue of the dental caries make (dental caries make) or silver nano (20) (Pano) silver) Functional antibacterial dental caries make to mix silver 0.01 ions per 20 grams to release silver ions and clean and hygienic use of dental caries make easy to produce and reproduce microorganisms. In providing.

As described above, in the present invention, an inlay or an on lay is used to restore a tooth using a conventional ceramic material used for a patient's teeth at the time of tooth decay or breakage. ) The silver nano (20) which can maintain the healthy teeth for a long time by preventing the growth and infection of bacteria and sterilizing the microorganisms by combining or coating (100) silver nano (20) having anti-bacterial power during the procedure Regarding the contained ceramic tooth restorative material 10,

   It was invented to protect teeth from bacteria, viruses and microorganisms, to remove oral odors and to solve all the problems of conventional dental caries make.

The silver nano (20) material having such excellent sterilization advantages is compounded (120) or coated (100) or 0.01 to 20% by weight in the tissue of the dental caries make (dental caries make) or silver nano (20) (Pano) A functional antimicrobial tooth restorative material that can be mixed in a range of 0.01PPM to 20PPM per 100g to release silver ions and to use clean and hygienic ceramics, which are easy to produce and reproduce microorganisms (dental caries make). dental caries make).

As described above, the present invention includes silver nanomaterials in ceramic materials, which are dental restorations 10 made of metal or nonmetal, which in-lay or on-lay a problem tooth. Regarding the restoration material 10.

Dental caries make, made of composite ceramics, are mainly used in dentistry to cut out rotten tissue of a patient's teeth and to keep ceramic surfaces intact. Dentists are treating patients with on-lay procedures that remove and damage a lot of damaged teeth and wrap them in the form of teeth.

Ceramic materials are inorganic materials consisting of metals or nonmetals. In general, ceramic materials are mostly of low toughness and ductility, and are hard and brittle.

In addition, it is a good insulator for electricity and heat, has high melting point and chemical stability in various environments. Because of these properties, ceramic materials are indispensable for the industry. Industrial ceramic materials are generally divided into conventional ceramic materials and advanced ceramic materials. The ceramics are described as follows.

Ceramics: Keramos, which means baked material

1. General characteristics,

1) Ionic and covalent bonds.

2) It has high melting point, high temperature strength and excellent chemical stability.

3) The insulation of heat and electricity (because there are few free electrons) is excellent, and the transparency (in case of high purity) or translucency (in case of inflow of pores or defects) is good.

4) Compressive strength, excellent wear resistance, aesthetics and biocompatibility

5) Because of its brittleness, it is vulnerable to tension and impact, and its adhesive strength is lower than that of resin or amalgam. It has fire resistance and chemical inertness.

Most ceramic materials are made by joining particles together by filling powders or particles at high temperatures. The basic process of combining the particles may include material preparation, molding 200, heat treatment, and the like.

Most ceramic products are made by agglomeration of particles, and the raw materials of the products depend on the required properties of the finished ceramic products. The binders and lubricants are mixed in dry or wet conditions, such as bricks and sewer pipes. When using ceramic products in less critical areas, the raw materials should be mixed with water and in some cases the raw materials should be mixed and dried with caking additives or other additives.

In addition, the ceramic products made by molding the particles 200 are formed 200 in various ways in dry and liquid conditions, and most of them are cold formed, but hot forming is also slightly used, and pressing and slip casting are also used. Casting and extrusion are commonly used ceramic forming methods.

In addition, heat treatment is an important process in ceramic production, and there are drying, sintering, vitrification, etc., drying is to remove moisture before heating to a high temperature, and sintering is a process in which small particles bind to solid phase diffusion. It is a process, and ceramic products such as structural clay products and electronic components contain a glass phase, which is a process called vitrification, in which the glass phase becomes liquid during sintering to fill the process.

On the other hand, the conventional ceramic material is composed of three components of clay, silica and feldspar, clay is the main component to improve the workability before hardening by sintering, and quartz, also called silica, has a high melting point and is the main component of the conventional ceramic refractory material.

In addition, feldspar has a low melting point, and when sintered to combine with a refractory component, it becomes glass. Structural clay products such as building bricks, sewer pipes and tiles are made from natural clays containing all three basic compositions, and white porcelain products such as electric, tableware and sanitary ware are made of clay, silica and feldspar. Its composition changes slightly as needed, and the most commonly encountered materials are thermal insulation materials that are used to prevent internal fires and external heat transfer that can withstand high temperatures.

Next, unlike conventional ceramics, which are composed mainly of clay, highly ceramic materials are pure compounds or almost pure compounds, mainly oxides, carbides, nitrides and the like. Important advanced ceramics include alumina (A12O3), silicon carbide (Sic), and silicon nitride (Si3N4). Highly ceramics are crystals that do not require a glass phase to bond and can be made in a variety of applications. Raw materials should be handled with care to ensure that the product continues to be produced. Ceramics are hot pressed in the form of dry powders, and advanced ceramic materials are used in advanced technologies, such as automotive gas turbine engines under test and the engines of chips in integrated circuits.

If so, look at in detail with respect to the dental ceramic (ceramics) of the present invention.

Dental ceramics: Materials made by treating non-metals at high temperatures.Aesthetics, bio-friendliness: excellent durability, abrasion resistance, artificial teeth, inlays, onlays, laminating veneers, electric tubes, and metal-ceramic restorations. Used for

Looking at the composition,

Quartz: Maintain high temperature strength and structure.

Feldspar: fused at high temperatures to act as a binder.

Clay: Gives moldability at room temperature.

Other ingredients: Flux: Allows low temperature melting. It consists of Na₂, K₂O, Ca CO₃, B₂O₃, etc.

Micro crystalline: Strengthening effect, made of leu cite

Classification is based on melting temperature. Hot melt: 1288 ~ 1371 ° C, Medium melt: 1093 ~ 1260 ° C, Low melt: 871 ~ 1066 ° C Core for ceramics: Mainly alumina-reinforced ceramics Opaque ceramics: ceramics used to block the metallic color of the inner metal, dentin ceramics: ceramics forming most of the crown, enameled ceramics: more transparent ceramics for the outermost layer,

 Three-element value of color shade (zoom) color chrome hue

 Other requirements that affect color, transparency, translucency, fluorescence, surface reflectivity, refractive index, etc.

The lighting can handle color perception.

Denture teeth made of ceramic material used as denture teeth have better durability and abrasion resistance than resin teeth, but have less bonding strength with denture bases.These types are ceramic crowns and all ceramic crowns. ), Metal-ceramic crowns, porcelain-fused-to metal crowns

It is classified into ceramics tube, magnesia core, alumina core, and ca stable glass-ceramic.

Milling is completed by manual condensation,

Condensation: The process of densifying molded ceramic powder.

Sintering: Many shrinkages occur in the process of bonding between particles without undergoing melting at high temperatures.

Glazing: A process in which the ceramic on the surface melts slightly to make the surface smooth. Looking at ceramic-metal bonding,

Mechanical Coupling: micro mechanical undercut

Physical bonding: bonding by sintering shrinkage of ceramic

Chemical bonding: There is a bonding by diffusion between the oxide film of the ceramic and the metal, and the thermal expansion coefficient between the metal and the ceramic must be harmonized and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal is slightly larger (1x10-6) than the ceramic to give the ceramic a compressive strength. Can increase.

In addition, when fracture occurs, cohesive failure occurs to obtain an excellent metal-ceramic bond.

Veneer: A thin ceramic plate used to restore aesthetics to the entire tooth surface.

Fabricate on a fire resistant die.

The bonding method 240 is made of ceramics: hydrofluoric acid with corrosion-> silane treatment-> resin cement and teeth are enamel acid corrosion-> resin cement.

Example Table 1. Inorganic Compounds Used as Dental Materials-

Inorganic Dental Materials Ingredient Investment SiO 2, Ca SO 4, Mg, NH 4H 2PO 4, CaO, etc. Model CaSO4 Ceramics SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Al2O3, 6SiO2 (riteite), K2O, lean), etc. filler Al2O3,4SiO2 (Aluminum), Al2O3,2SiO2,2H2O (KanoSiO2, Al2O3, Synthetic Glass, etc. cement ZnO, MgO, CaO, CaF2, SiO2, Al2O3, etc. Pigment SnO2, In2O3, TiO2, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, etc. Cutting abrasive Al2O3, Cr2O3, WC, Diamond, etc Implant Materials Ca10 (PO4) 6, (OH) 2, Al2O3, etc.

EXAMPLE 2 Ratio of Ionic and Covalent Bonds in Some Compounds

compound  LiF MgO Al2O3 Sio2 Si3N4 Sic Si Electric voice 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.2 0.7 0 Ratio of ionic bonds 0.89 0.73 0.63 0.51 0.30 0.11 1.00 Ratio of covalent bonds 0.11 0.27 0.37 0.49 0.70 0.89 1.00

2. crystal structure of simple ceramic material,

  -A single oxide formed by combining one type of metal with oxygen is common, but there are also complex oxides formed by combining two or more types of metal with oxygen.

 1) sodium chloride type crystal structure,

A strong ionic bond structure, its name is derived from NaCl and is electrically neutral (consisting of the same number of cations and anions), the octahedral structure of which both cations and anions form FCC structures and six anions surround one cation The coordination number is 6.

Representative compounds include NaCl, MgO, CaO and the like.

2) fluorite (CaF2) and semi-fluorite structure,

The metal cation occupies the FCC lattice, and the crystal structure when the anion occupies a simple cubic position. There are four cations and eight anions in the unit lattice.

Representative compounds include Zno2, CeO 2 and CaF2, and the semi-fluorite structure is a crystal structure in which an anion is an FCC structure and a cation occupies a simple cubic position.

Representative compounds include LiO 2, Na 2 O, K 2 O and the like.

3) the structure of corundum (Al2O3),

Oxygen ions occupy the unit lattice position of dense hexagonal (HCP), and representative compounds are Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, and Cr 2 O 3.

4) the structure of rutile (TiO 2),

The metal cations form a BCC structure and the oxygen atoms are arranged at equally spaced positions on both sides.

Six oxygen atoms are coordinated with the octahedron around the metal atoms, and three metal atoms are coordinated with the equilateral triangle around the oxygen atoms.

Representative oxides include TiO 2, SnO 2, MnO 2, and the like.

5) spinel (Mg Al 2 O 4) structure,

It has a structure of AB 2 O 4 consisting of two metal ions A and B with valences of +2 and +3. In the spinel structure, oxygen ions form FCC lattice, and A and B ions occupy the tetrahedral or octahedral lattice positions depending on the type of spinel.

Representative oxides include Mg Al 2 O 4, ZnAl 2 O 4, FeAl 2 O 4, and the like.

3. silicate compound, the structure of silicate,

   -The basic unit of the silicate compound is SiO44-, which has a tetrahedron structure in which four oxygen atoms are arranged around one silicon atom because of small ions and high charge.

1) crystalline silica,

All four oxygens in SiO 44-tetrahedron form covalent bonds with oxygen in other tetrahedrons to form a three-dimensional network structure. Since the composition ratio of silicon and oxygen is 1: 2, [SiO 2] n is expressed as quartz, cristobalite, tridi. There are three homogeneous upper bodies of mite, and each crystal phase has a low temperature type (α) and a high temperature type (β).

2) amorphous silica (glass),

Silica glass is amorphous because it has no long range regularity, and the bonding angle between Si-O-Si in the glass shows bending in the 120-180 ° range.

3) crystallization of glass,

Ceramic materials have high viscosity of liquid phase and complex molecular structure, so solidification occurs in the state of not having the time allowance for rearrangement and exists in glass state at room temperature. Melting point Tm when liquid glass is slowly cooled to allow crystal growth. Precipitation of crystals occurs (volume decreases and heat release occurs), and the higher the viscosity of the liquid phase, the more difficult it is for atoms to move, making crystals difficult to grow and lower in temperature.

As the viscosity increases a lot, it forms an atomic structure and an amorphous structure similar to the irregular structure at high temperature, and the temperature that changes from the overcooled liquid to glass is called the glass transition temperature (Tg). The thermodynamic properties of the back lead to discontinuities.

4) polymorphic transition of silica,

A), the formula of the displasive transition is 573 ° C α-quartz- → β-quartz 200-270 ° C α-cristobalite ------ β-cristobalite 105 ° C

It is represented by 160 degreeC alpha-tridimite-> (beta) -tridimite ---> (beta) -tridimite.

 B) Reconstructive transition

Although the coordination relationship of the nearest atoms has not changed, they form an atomic sequence by the next significant movement of the adjacent atoms or the cleavage of bonds, which requires high activation energy and very slow transition rates.

              863 ℃ 1475 ℃ 1700 ℃

       β-quartz- → β-tridimite- → β-cristobalite- → quartz glass

4, classification of dental ceramics (ceramics) used in fixed prostheses,

General classification,

    1) conventional leu cite-containing porcelain ceramics

      -Coefficient of thermal expansion of calcite (KAlSi 2O6 or K2O, Al2O3,4SiO2): 20-25 × 10-6 / ℃

     2) leu cite-enriched porcelain ceramics

      Increases strength by 2 times

     3) ultra-low fusing porcelain ceramics

B) type classification,

     1) Feldspathic porcelain ceramics

     2) leu cite-reinforced porcelain ceramics

     3) alumina porcelain ceramics

     4) glass-infiltrated alumina

     5) glass-infiltrated spinel

     6) glass-ceramic

The classification by use,

Inverts, metal ceramic tubes, veneers, inlays, all ceramics,

 Dentures continue to be processed before.

 Component of ceramics.

  1) Feldspar (75-85%): Iron and mica are present as impurities.

  2) Silica (12-22%): unchanged at the firing temperature and functions like a skeleton.

  3) Kaolin (Al2O3,2SiO2,2H2O, 3-5%): Gives opacity to ceramics and mixes with distilled water to make them sticky and form ceramic restorations and shrink considerably at high temperatures. .

  4) Pigments, opaifiers, and glass ceramics consist of two phases: the glass or vitreous phase and the crystalline or mineral phase.

  1) Glass phase: Highly brittle and non-directional fractures occur but serve to bond the crystal phases together.

  2) Crystal phase: Contains silica, quartz and consists of iron, tin or colorant (titanium oxide).

5, glass modifiers,

The sintering temperature of crystalline silica is too high (because covalent bonds form a three-dimensional structure), and alkali metals such as sodium and potassium interfere with the oxygen-silica bonds, making the silica tetrahedral linear. chain, which can easily move at low temperatures, increase fluidity and decrease viscosity.

As a result, the melting temperature of ceramics can be lowered, but the coefficient of thermal expansion is higher.

In addition, if the glass modifier is too large, the chemical resistance is lowered, the resistance to water, acid, alkali is lowered, and the glass crystallizes upon firing (210).

Classification of ceramics by melting temperature,

     1) high-fusing ceramics 1300 ° C (2372 ° F)

     2) Medium-fusing ceramics 1101-1300 ℃ (2013-2072 ℉)

     3) Low-fusing ceramics 850-1100 ° C (1562-2012 ° F)

     4) Ultra-low fusing ceramics <850 ° C (1562 ° F)

The hot melt and intermediate melt molds are used for the manufacture of artificial teeth. The cold melt and cryogenic melt molds are used for the manufacture of metal ceramics and work dentures. The cryogenic melt mold can be used for titanium or titanium alloys. The low coefficient of thermal shrinkage of (ceramics) is in harmony with these metals and the low firing temperature reduces the risk of metal oxide growth.

Hydronium (H 3 O +) can also be replaced with sodium or other metals in the glass, which results in a slow crack growth phenomenon in ceramics in a humid environment. Most of the ceramics (ceramics) that occur and fail belong to this case, and the silver nano of the present invention can be used by melting 140 with the ceramic material.

6, other ingredients,

  1) Boric Acid (B2O3)-Can act as a glass modifier to lower the viscosity and melting temperature, or make an independent glass.

  2) Alumina (Al2O3)-Lowers the viscosity of the glass lattice.

  3) Color bit,

Tan-titanium oxide, blue-cobalt oxide, lavender light-manganese oxide, green-lanthanide earth, brown-iron oxide, opacity-tin oxide.

EXAMPLES Table 3. Chemical Composition of Dental Ceramics,

 ingredient Low Temperature Melting Vacuum-fired Ceramic Ceramics (wt%) Ceramic ceramics ceramic ceramics Alumina Core Dentin ceramic Enamel ceramic Dentin ceramic Enamel ceramic SiO2 35.0 66.5 64.7 59.2 63.5 Al2O3 53.8 13.5 13.9 18.5 18.9 CaO 1.12 1.78 Na2O 2.8 4.2 4.8 4.8 5.0 K2O 4.2 7.1 7.5 11.8 12.3 B2O3  3.2 6.6 7.3 4.6 0.12 ZnO 0.58 0.11 ZrO2 0.39 0.13 Nano silver  0.01 ~ 20wt% 0.01 ~ 20wt% 0.01 ~ 20wt% 0.01 ~ 20wt% 0.01 ~ 20wt% Firing temperature 980 ℃ 980 ℃ 950 ℃ 900 ℃ 900 ℃

7. Metal-ceramic restorations Metals used in metal casting tubes.

     1) Gold-Platinum alloys (containing tin, indium and iron)

     2) Gold-Palladium Alloy

     3) Palladium-Silver Alloy

Metal ceramic tube alloys must have a higher melting temperature range than common Type 3 gold alloys.

High proportionality of metal and especially high modulus of elasticity can reduce stress on ceramics, sufficient bonding force between ceramics and metals, and chemical and mechanical bonding and thermal harmony should be achieved.

 Even if the heat shrink coefficient is only 1.7 × 10 −6 / ° C., a shear stress of 280 MPa is produced when the temperature drops from 954 ° C. (1750 ° F.) to room temperature. However, in metal-ceramics systems below 0.5 × 10 −6 / ° C., thermally compatible systems with few fractures occur.

7-1, composition of metals and ceramics used in metal ceramic pipes,

The harmony between metal and ceramics is important for the coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and bonding strength. PFM ceramics have the same thermal expansion coefficient as metal coping and soda that can lower the temperature of plastic (210). Potassium, or murine, is added and opaque ceramics (ceramics) are thin and contain metal oxides to cover the underlying metal.

7-2, porcelain condensation of ceramics,

The powder must be fully condensed to minimize shrinkage, create a low bubble, and create a strong, strong ceramics.

1) vibration method,

       -After mixing the ceramic powder with distilled water or special solution, put the still wet ceramic cement on the platinum foil with a spatula and gently vibrate it to make the powder particles close to each other, so that the surplus moisture How to remove with a clean blotter paper.

2) speculation method,

Gently rub the surface of the ceramics with a suitable spatula and wipe off with absorbent paper when excess moisture rises to the surface;

3) brush or capillary attraction technique,

       -How to remove excess moisture with powder-Applying dry powder with a small amount of brush on the wet rod, the ceramic particles adhere to each other as the moisture is sucked to it by surface tension.

7-3, firing procedure,

If the sintering (210) time is long or repeated firing, chemical reaction may occur, and the amount of white garnet may change, resulting in inconsistency of the heat shrink coefficient between ceramics and metals, resulting in cracking due to stress generation during cooling. The firing 210 is controlled or controlled by temperature and time, the second method being easy to handle and making homogeneous ceramic restorations.

In addition, the ceramic restorations, which have been condensed, are preheated at the door of the ceramic firing furnace to evaporate the remaining moisture and quickly add water vapor, which can cause bubbles or fractures in the ceramics and the temperature continues. Sintering is a day process in which ceramic particles (ceramics) are melted 140 with each other to form a continuous mass. Sintering of ceramics (ceramics) causes the volume to shrink as the density increases.

       ΔV 9γ (surface tension of ceramics: γ, viscosity: η

       --- = --- t

       V 0 4ηr Particle diameter: r, Firing time: t)

     That is, the lower the viscosity and the finer the powder particles, the faster the density increases.

1) Air-firing and vacuum firing Air-fired ceramics usually contain 6.3% of air bubbles. When vacuum firing ceramics, air bubbles decrease and surface smoothness walks. The diffusion principle can be used to improve the density of ceramics. In addition, when a low-pressure diffusion gas such as helium is introduced into the ceramic, helium gas is introduced into the ceramic instead of air, and since the helium has a molecular diameter smaller than that of the ceramic lattice, the pressure decreases when the ceramic shrinks. It is taken out of the house.

2) pressure-firing,

It is applicable only to the third stage or the glazing stage, and the size of the bubbles is increased by fixing the internal pressure to 1.55 MPa while cooling the ordinary atmospheric ceramics to 980 ℃ in a ceramic shell furnace sealed with a pressure shell. Reduce and make fine ceramics…

7-4, glazing and coloring,

Glazing the surface of ceramics is more aesthetically vivid and higher in strength, the melting temperature range of glaze is 955-1065 ℃, and the self-glazed feldspar is much harder and less cracked than the rough surface because it is not glazed. .

7-5, cooling,

When the ceramics are fired and then cooled, they need to be cooled slowly. If too fast, they are fragile, and even if they are too slow, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient becomes large, causing cracks. Should be prevented.

7-6, bonding of porcelain to metal,

Electrodeposition of metals with ceramics: surface metals can be used to form a suitable metal oxide film by electrodepositioning a metal film, followed by bonding or alloying ceramics onto it and heating it. And

Plating the cast metal with pure gold and then flashing deposition of tin on it improves the wettability of the ceramics to the metal, reduces air bubbles between the ceramics and the metal, and prevents ions from penetrating from the metal. Cobalt-chromium, stainless steel, palladium-silver alloys, gold alloys, and titanium can all be electroplated, and the formation of tin films facilitates bonding to ceramics.

Thermal, physical and mechanical properties of ceramics: Thermal expansion coefficient of ceramics: 12.0 × 10-6 / ℃ Thermal conductivity: 0.0030 cal / sec / cm2, thermal diffusivity: 0.64mm2 / sec and ceramic after glazing The bow side of the ceramics is 14% in the low temperature melting ceramics and 11.5% in the high temperature melting ceramics. When over glazing, the shrinkage is large in both the low temperature melting and high temperature melting molds and the specific gravity of the ceramics. Is roughly 2.2-2.3 but originally 2.4 and there is little difference between the products. The feldspar has low bending strength of 62-90 MPa, shear strength of 110 MPa and indirect tensile strength of 34 MPa.

In addition, the compressive strength is 172 MPa, the modulus of elasticity is 69 MPa, the KHN is 460 ㎏ / ㎠ and the brittleness of ceramics is a tendency of static fatigue, and the strength decreases over time without any external force. Alkaline hydrolysis of the Si-O group occurs in the interior, and Na 2 O and K 2 O are dissolved to increase the hardness of ceramics, resulting in large wear resistance.

7-7, All ceramics tubes (All-ceramic restorations),

1) All porcelain jacket crowns

Recently, the use of all ceramic tubes is increasing due to the improvement of physical properties such as the fracture resistance of ceramics and the improvement of aesthetics.

2) Bonded platinum-foil coping using platinum foil coping,

Platinum foil is used by plating tin oxide, which is thicker than ceramics using thin platinum foil instead of thick metal coping, which is aesthetic and platinum foil becomes the inner surface of ceramic tube, reducing air bubbles and microcracks at the bottom to reduce restoration Increasing resistance and clinical success rate are excellent in the anterior area, but 15% of them have been eliminated within 7 years when adhered to GIC (240) in the posterior area.

3). Opal ceramic (Opalescent porcelain),

Milky white light has an oxide with a high refractive index in the range close to the visible wavelength to give a light scattering effect, and teeth have a slight opalescence, so this effect is also applied to ceramic restorations. In addition, minor variations in transparency, color, brightness, saturation, and surface roughness are added, and opal ash is included in the cutout of ceramic restorations.

4) glass-ceramic crown: Dicor Introduced by McCulloch in 1968, it is a ceramic that can be de-vitrified by crystallization after forming the desired shape from amorphous glass. To form planks or needle-like crystalline particles in the glass to prevent cracks from developing and increase strength and toughness.

Dicor system-It consists of 45% glass by volume and 55% crystalline tetrasilicic mica, and the glass coping is cast in the same way as metal casting, separated from the investment material, sandblasted to remove the remaining investment material, and then cut before casting The finished glass is wrapped with a protective material and heat treated to allow fine plate crystals of the crystalline phase (mica) to grow in the glass substrate.

In addition, Dicor glass ceramics are very aesthetically pleasing and are due to the chameleon effect, and the color of the cement and the adjacent teeth used in the bonding 240 is reflected, resulting in a more aesthetic hue of the ceramic tube. Glass reinforcements have the disadvantage of being fragile.

5). White garnet reinforced ceramic (Leucite-reinforced porcelain): Optec HSP

The opalite concentration of opal HSP (Jeneric / Pentron) ceramics is 50.6% higher than that of IPS Empress or metal re-examination ceramics (Vita VMK 19.3% wt, Ceramco II 21.5%), while Optec HSP is a metal or alumina core It is relatively opaque and aesthetically strong with greater transparency than ceramics. The advantages of the Optec HSP are that there is no need for metals or opaque substructures, good transparency, flexural strength and no special tools.

In addition, the disadvantage of the ptec HSP is the lack of temperature compatibility due to shrinkage during sintering of ceramics (ceramics) and the high probability of fracture in the dentures can be used throughout inlays, onlays, low stress ceramic tubes, veneers.

6), Injection-molded glass-ceramic: IPS-Empress

The glass ceramics, which have already been ceramicized, are made by spraying them into a mold with high viscosity under high temperature and high pressure, and are injected into a mold.There is no density difference between ceramic powder and solid, no shrinkage during firing 210, and the change in size is cooled. It only takes place in the middle and can be controlled by proper expansion of investment material. It is composed of 23.6% of pigment ceramics (ceramics), 41.3% of opaque ceramics, and crystalline murine.

The advantage is that the bending strength of the metal is similar to that of the Optec HSP, which is medium, good in fit and high in aesthetics, but the disadvantage is the possibility of fracture at the posterior part and the need for special fabrication tools.

7) Glass-infiltrated alumina core ceramic:

It penetrates low-density glass for 4 hours at 1100 ℃ at in-Ceram, porous alumina ceramic core to reduce bubbles and strengthen slip-cast core.The particle is alumina with weight ratio of 99.56%. Lanthanum aluminosilicate, consisting of sodium and calcium, is lanthanum aluminosilicate, which increases the transparency to lower the viscosity and enhance the transparency of In-Ceram ceramics to aid glass penetration.

In addition, it is possible to manufacture single ceramic tube or anterior denture of three ceramic dentures in the anterior or posterior part, and the flexural strength of the core material is very high at 450 MPa compared to 100 to 159 MPa of Dicor, Optec HSP and IPS Empress. It is becoming.

The advantages are metal free, high bending strength, good fit, and the disadvantages are the cores are opaque, non-corrosive and require special instruments.

8, fabrication process of In-Ceram ceramic tube,

1) The abutment margin is formed with a heavy circumferential margin of at least 1 mm in width.

2) The impression is made and two hard gypsum dies or one fire-resistant die are produced.

3) Alumina (Al 2 O 3) was applied onto the replica die by a slip-cast method, 0.01 to 20% by weight of silver nanoparticle powder was added, and the die was heated at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to dry the alumina.

4) Coping is baked at 1,100 ° C for 10 hours.

5) Apply a suspension of glass penetrant.

6) Fired 3-5 hours at 1120 ℃ for glass penetration.

7) Excess glass is removed from the diamond coping.

8) Build up dentin and enamel ceramics on the core.

9) Firing (210) to complete form and occlusion and glazing before mounting.

In-Ceram Spinell cores are magnesium, aluminum oxide (MgAl2O3) penetrated into glass, and have higher transparency than ceramics (ceramics) using alumina, resulting in aesthetics and low strength.

8) Ceramics, veneers, inlays, onlays, veneers are useful for restoring discolored or deformed anterior teeth. Ceramic inlays and onlays can be used for restoring posterior teeth. The surface of the ceramic restoration must be polished after the bite adjustment because it is expensive and causes wear on the clam teeth.

9), CAD-CAM Ceramics Two kinds of materials that can be used to machine ceramic restorations by forming the inner surface of inlays, onlays, or ceramic tubes into a computer-scanned image on a diamond disk, etc. Examples include Vita blocs MK II, a feldspar material, and light and dark Dicor machinable glass-ceramic (MGC).

Disadvantages include expensive instruments, difficult computer-based occlusion control, self-imaging of the forming teeth, and highly skilled manipulations. The advantage is that the ceramics do not need to be condensed and fired (210). It is kept as controlled by, and therefore there are few bubbles, so it is excellent and there is no need to acquire impressions.

10). Copy-milling alumina ceramics and glass-penetrating alumina core ceramics are manufactured by Celay system (Mikrona Technologies, Spreitenbach, Switzerland) to manufacture ceramic in-ceram, substructure for fixed prosthesis as well as in-ceram spinell coping. This is possible by copying the surface of the restoration replica made from blue composite resin (Celay-Tech, ESPE, Seefeld-Oberbay, Germany), either directly on the formed tooth surface or on the impression die. Following the surface of the resin replica, the milling machine reproduces its movements, processing alumina or other ceramic blocks, and then machining them with Celay In-Ceram or In-Ceram Spinell and infiltrating them with sodium-lanthanum glass. (Permeation time should be about 4 hours for all ceramic pipes and moisture for inlays)

  In the above, the ceramic (ceramics) used as a restorative material of the teeth in the dentists have been examined and has many advantages according to the present invention.

(Nano silver) powder or nano (20) silver (Ag) solution is used as a material for ceramic caramel make, quartz, white stone, feldspar, clay, silica, flux, alumina, silicon, boric acid, titanium , Cobalt, manganese, lanthanum, tin, copper, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, selenium, and pigments are granulated at 0.05 to 300 nm in nanoscale to increase agitation, plasticity and strength, and ceramic restoration materials including the ceramic material. The silver nano 20 is added in a range of 0.01 to 20 PPM per 100 g of the ceramic at a PPM with respect to 100 wt% of the total material, and the fine particle size of the injected silver nano 20 is 0.05 to the same as the ceramic material. It has a particle diameter of 300 nm.

 In order to help the understanding of the present invention will be described in detail the silver and silver nano (20) constituents of the present invention.

    Nanotechnology is a technology that identifies and controls substances at the molecular and atomic levels.It comes from the Greek word dwarf, lanose, and 1 nanometer 'corresponds to one-tenth of the thickness of the hair. It is made of silver solution (colloid), which is a chemical decomposition method or a fine particle state in nano units, and is widely used in industrial fields.

Silver, the main ingredient of Nano silver, has been recognized as a precious metal of high value from ancient times, and has been the object of collection, and it is recognized as an important industrial material in modern industry as well as its value as money. The production of silver is proportional to the production of gold in many ways.

Silver was mined early in Europe's Mediterranean coast, where silver was produced from the Incas and Aztecs before the discovery of the Americas, and then silver from Peru and Bolivia entered Europe and flowed out from 1520 to 1800.

It has grown steadily, but has declined since the discovery of large amounts of silver in the early 19th century.

Currently, the world's major silver producers are Russia (13.8%), Canada (13.5%), Mexico (13%), Peru (13%), United States (11%), Australia (8%), Poland (6%). The country's silver reserves are 17 million tons, and its mining capacity is about 1.2 million tons. As of 2002, silver produced in Korea is about 5,000 kg, which accounts for 1.2% of the total domestic demand. The amount is so small that the rest of the silver is imported from abroad.

Next, silver, which is a core material of silver nano of the present invention, will be described in detail.

 Silver belongs to group 1B of the periodic table and is one of the copper group elements. Element symbol Ag, atomic number 47 atomic weight 107.868, melting point 961.9 ℃, boiling point 2212 ℃, specific gravity 10.49 (20 ℃), hardness 2.5 ~ 3 (硬度 Hardness).

It has a beautiful luster of blue-white color and silver color is an elegant gray-white metal or gray for powder and has been used with gold as a precious metal. The amount contained in the crust is small. In nature, in addition to being produced as natural silver (도 銀), it may also be produced as huieunseok (輝 銀 石).

Silver is a well-known metal, but it is inferior to gold in terms of its use because natural silver is rarely produced and has to be obtained through more difficult refining than natural gold. For this reason, in ancient times it was regarded as more valuable than gold, and in the Old Testament, there were several places dealing with silver coins.

Since ancient silver was the main source of lead stone, archaeological excavations are often produced as lead, and artifacts are already found in ancient ruins in Egypt and Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. This was excavated.

Silver coins were first manufactured in the Lydia kingdom in the sixth century BC, which led to Greece and Rome. For gold to symbolize the sun, silver was associated with the crescent moon from its color and was worshiped as the goddess of the moon, and was also treated in medieval alchemy.

In the 16th century, a large amount of silver flowed from Europe into Europe and the price of silver fell, causing a price revolution. However, the price was stabilized because the silver standard was enforced in the United Kingdom.

Silver was widely used as a craft, but as a tableware, Europeans were particularly fond of silverware, and among them, the silver of England was well known for its art.

The first time silver was used as a currency in Korea was cast in 1101 (Jeongjong Sukjong 6) in Jujeon Dogam, which was cast as a legal currency and distributed with coins. In the Ming Dynasty, gold and silver were promoted and mined in various places, especially in Dancheon, South Hamgyong Province.

The atomic symbol Ag is derived from the Latin word argent um, which stands for silver. Also, silver in English and Silber in German are derived from sarpu, which means Assyrian silver.

The property of silver is malleable and ductile, followed by gold, and can make silver foil with a thickness of 0.0015mm, and can make 1800m wire with 1g of silver. When it solidifies, it releases it violently. The conductivity of heat and electricity is the largest among metals, and the thermal conductivity is 1.006cal / cm, sec, deg (18 ℃), resistivity 1.62 × 10-6Ω, cm (18 ℃) )to be.

Silver is stable against water and oxygen, but when reacted with ozone, black silver peroxide turns into silver Ag 2 O2, and when reacted with sulfur or hydrogen sulfide, black silver sulfide turns into Ag 2S. Eroded

In addition, it dissolves in nitric acid and warm sulfuric acid, so that nitrate is AgNO 3 and sulfuric acid is Ag 2 SO 4, respectively. Although insoluble in alkali, the oxidized water in a compound is +1 and +2.

When smelting silver from silver-containing ore, there is a honghong method, a cyanation method, and a dry method, as in the case of gold, but the honghong method is rarely used at present.

시안 Cyanation method: Nature is used when silver chloride, relatively pure silver sulfide and the like are raw materials. In general, there are many impurities in the raw ore and the collection rate is not very good as 50-70%. For this reason, it is finely subdivided as much as possible, the density | concentration of cyanide liquid is raised (0.3-0.5%), it is fully stirred, the leaching time is extended, oxygen is removed, and the yield is raised (80-90%). Since smelting costs are higher than gold, in many cases it is done with gold smelting instead of silver smelting independently.

⑵ Dry method: same as for gold, in the case of copper and lead smelting, ore is put together, extracted with copper and lead, and finally separated. Crude silver obtained above is refine | purified by electrolytic refining. In other words, the crude silver is cast into a plate and placed in an cotton or muslin bag to make an anode, and an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is electrolyzed using an electrolytic solution, a cathode plate or a pure silver plate or a stainless steel plate.

In this method, there are Moebius method and Barbaha method, but in Mobius method, electrodes are mounted perpendicular to the sea bath and horizontally in Barbaha method, and after electrolysis, the silver precipitated like a twig is scraped off or dropped by impact and collected and melted.銀) Purity is usually above 99.99%.

In particular, the melting point of silver is very important for the temperature compensation of high thermometers, which is the standard of scientific and industrial temperature. Silver is the best conductor of metal and is used extensively for mechanical contacts and other electronics.

Silver is optically 90% of visible light, which is one of the best metals such as platinum, and silver does not rust even when left in the air or heated. However, silver reacts with sulfur and hydrogen to make emulsified silver. There is a changing nature.

     In addition, the mechanical properties change according to the amount of impurities (O₂) contained in the silver, and the hardness of the high-purity silver obtained by thermal annealing is Brinell hardness HBS (10/500) 25-27, tensile strength 12-16kgf / mm2. The cast strength of the cast was up to about 29 kgf / mm 2, the combustion rate was 48 to 54%, and the recrystallization temperature was 150 ° C.

    Particularly, in the case of pure silver, the processed hardened material is softened by recrystallization at normal room temperature (400), and the malleability and flexibility are abundant next to gold.

     The effect of silver has been used as a tool to check the imbalance of the body that one cannot feel because the gloss or color changes depending on the condition of the body when worn on the body from ancient times. This fatigue or low rhythm), Dongbobogam said that it is effective in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders and women's diseases such as epilepsy and game. The five chapters are said to be comfortable, the mind and body are stabilized, and the main body records that the body is lengthened by chasing morale and lightening the body.

      Also, when the Black Plague prevailed in the Middle Ages, nobility of the black aristocrats and royals, who had many silverware and silver utensils, did not have black plague, which released silver to the extent that it was able to sterilize the Black Plague bacteria, making it relatively safe from infectious diseases. In the place where the royal family and the state guests were served, silver products were used habitually.

In order to help the understanding of the silver nano 20, the present invention will be described briefly with respect to the silver nano 20 (Nano silver) extraction method and features.

The atomic weight of silver is 107.87 amu and the fact that silver (Ag) is bactericidal has been known for a long time.

Silver nano (20) was first developed by a biotechnology company, a government-affiliated organization in our country, and was named silver nano (20) as a compound name of the brand name Na no-technology and silver. ;

  Silver nano (20) is a field of nanotechnology (Na no-technology) is an advanced antimicrobial agent using a mechanism of strong antibacterial and sterilization function, electromagnetic shielding excellent electrical conductivity. Silver nano (20) is unlikely to be resistant to bacteria, unlike conventional antibiotics. Silver nano (20) has been shown to kill almost all single cell germs on the ground in a short time. .

 Currently, a variety of products based on silver nano (20) consisting of powder and solution have been invented and commercialized and produced in real life. This technology, called silver nano (20), converts silver to nanometers (1 billion won). It is a small particle size of 1m / min), that is, 0.000000001mm. When one gram of silver is aged, ten particles can be produced.

Therefore, silver silver (Age) is a new concept that is made by using excellent effects such as anti-bacterial, deodorizing power, and extended food preservation time among many characteristics of silver. .

 Since ancient times, silver has been recognized as a disinfecting material that not only prevents bacteria but also East and West. Currently, the extraction method of silver (20) (Age 99.9%) is added to distilled water. By generating low current at low temperature, electrolyzing compounds containing silver and conducting electrophoresis using + and-poles of each molecule, silver (Age 99.9%) can be collected. In addition, liquid reduction and grinding In order to obtain stable silver nano (20), many of the above electrolysis methods are used, and the material of the ceramic dental caries make of the present invention can be prepared by the above method. By law, it can be controlled in nano units.

Silver ions are also used in general sterilization concept machines and disinfectants, and all silver products currently used are silver obtained by decomposition, and the sterilization power of silver varies depending on the product, but can obtain up to 99%.

 The silver nanoparticles of the present invention are silver microparticles having a particle size of 0.05 to 300 nm, which directly act on harmful bacteria, directly dissolve the cell membranes of harmful bacteria, and interfere with the electron transfer system of harmful bacteria. As a result, it has a certain antibacterial and antibacterial activity (99.9%). (The virus size is about 10nm.)

     The main antimicrobial mechanism of silver nano (20) is to dissolve harmful bacteria cell membranes and interact with enzymes in the cells to block the metabolic function of nutrients, ie, the influx and discharge of nutrients, and to stop the respiratory function and production of harmful bacteria. And destroys regenerating ability to kill harmful bacteria.

     In addition, the silver nano (20) by controlling the harmful bacteria by releasing the antimicrobial power continuously from the fine particles is excellent in the antimicrobial, antimicrobial sustainability.

Therefore, silver nano (20) does not produce resistance and silver nano (20) is effective to perform a surface reaction and kill all the germs 99%, particularly effective in the general E. coli or food poisoning.

   The smaller the nanoparticles, the better the bactericidal and antimicrobial activity. Based on the experimental data so far, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Vibrio bacillus, Heterogeneous bacteria, Pneumococcus, Typhoid bacillus and the most resistant MRSA Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) can be 99.9% antibacterial and sterilized.

     Even if silver exists in an ionic state or a metal state, it can be referred to as colloidal silver if it exists in a colloidal state by a solvent.

In silver nano (20) (Nano silver) is the best antibacterial silver nano particles (20) minimized.

   In addition, unlike the general chemical antibacterial or chlorine disinfectant, silver nano (20) is a pure silver ultra fine particle, has excellent antibacterial and bactericidal zone (99.9%) even at high temperature, non-toxic and non-irritating to the human body, bacteria and E. coli virus fungus It has been reported that bacteria cannot live in contact with silver nano 20 for more than 5 minutes.

The present invention, as described above, silver on the dental caries make or restorative in lay or on lay restorative material 10 made of a ceramic material of metal or nonmetal. Regarding functional dental restorations containing silver nano (20) to inject nano (20) solution or powder to anti-sterilize bacteria and harmful substances and release good silver ions and far infrared rays To be.

The raw materials of ceramics made of all ceramics, ceramic composite metals and metal free post & core are metals or nonmetals quartz, feldspar, clay, silica, flux, alumina, silicon, boric acid, titanium, It is composed of cobalt, manganese, lanthanum, tin, copper, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, selenium, pigments, etc., and the mixing ratio of the materials is laminating during in lay or on lay. ), Or the combination of the porcelain, veneers (veneers) is different from each other, so the compounding ratio can not be listed one by one, usually 100% by weight of the ceramic materials listed above and 0.01 to 20% by weight of the silver nano of the present invention Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the coating is intended to complete the present invention.

The firing 210 of the ceramic of the present invention is divided into air firing, vacuum firing, cryogenic firing, pressurizing firing as described above, and melting is again,

     1) high-fusing ceramics 1300 ° C (2372 ° F)

     2) Medium-fusing ceramics 1101-1300 ℃ (2013-2072 ℉)

     3) Low-fusing ceramics 850-1100 ° C (1562-2012 ° F)

     4) Ultra-low fusing ceramics are divided into <850 ° C (1562 ° F).

The melting 140 and firing temperatures of the low temperature molten ceramics are preferably between about 600 ° C. (1112 ° F.) and 1000 ° C. (1832 ° F.) and when high fusing dental ceramics are used, The melting temperature is preferably a baking 210 temperature of 800 ° C. (1472 ° F.) to 1500 ° C. (2732 ° F.).

According to another aspect of the present invention, a dental structure is at least partially disposed on the surface of the tooth structure substrate and the ceramic material is melted 140 at a predetermined temperature and a tooth structure is provided.

The method also includes applying a ceramic glaze (pigment) ash to the tooth structure substrate; And calcining (210) the glaze coated tooth structure substrate at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time such that the glaze material is melted (140) to form a protective layer covering the tooth structure substrate,

 Ceramic in lay On-lay tooth restorative materials are a variety of materials, such as glass ceramics, glass, porcelain, metals coated with ceramic, and organic or inorganic materials with properties suitable for dental structures. It may be made of or include materials.

Such materials are well known in the art, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In particular, various types of dental ceramics or ceramics which are commercially available for producing an artificial tooth or a crown substrate are preferable.

In a preferred embodiment, when using a low temperature molten ceramic material, the melting temperature of the low temperature molten ceramic of the tooth structure is preferably between about 600 ° C. (1112 ° F.) and 1000 ° C. (1832 ° F.) When using fusing dental ceramics, the melting temperature of the ceramic which is the dental structure is preferably a firing temperature of 800 ° C. (1472 ° F.) and 1500 ° C. (2732 ° F.).

In addition, pigments used in ceramic materials may also contain polymeric substances or certain additives.

It may be.

In addition, in order to implement various colors, it is preferable to use various metal oxides. As described above, the blue pigment may include oxides such as cobalt, chromium, aluminum, copper, manganese, and zinc. The yellow pigment may include one or more oxides such as lead, antimony, zinc, titanium, vanadium, gold, and the like. However, lead is not used in the present invention because it has toxicity that is not suitable for use in dental structures. Red pigments may include chromium, iron (bivalent), zinc, gold, selenium, or copper oxide. Black pigments may include oxides such as copper, chromium, cobalt, iron (+ divalent), nickel, manganese, and commercially available dental stains are preferred as pigments. It is also possible to use other known ceramic pigments having non-toxic properties. For example, they can be clad and colored using certain non-toxic ceramic pigments (linear LF colors) marketed by GC Industrial in Korea.

As described above, the ceramic restoration material 10, which has recently increased rapidly in use, is again divided into resins, metals, and amalgams. Among the metals, gold or platinum is most used and ceramics (ceramics) ) Is a semi-permanent, complementary to the weak strength of the resin and the aesthetics of the metal and has the advantage of discoloration and small secondary teeth.

Ceramic restorations have similar advantages as metal restorations and, unlike metals, can be treated similarly to tooth color, making them very aesthetic materials.

Especially for women who treat teeth such as metal or amalgam in their mouth when laughing or talking, the color and material of teeth are different, so there are some parts that are not good to see. The ceramic inlay is the best way to reproduce the color and shape of the teeth, and it is possible to finish the treatment beautifully and naturally by reproducing the color tone like natural teeth as in the case of a fully ceramic tube. .

On lay (on lay) is to remove the cavities and remove the tooth to maintain a certain amount of force, then impression material (alginate) using the impression to get the impression (80) work is also said to be a pattern in other words.

When the impression material obtained after raising the pattern is sent to the laboratory, the plaster is placed in the impression material, the gypsum impression is formed in the shape of a person's teeth, the ceramic material is mixed, stirred and melted (140) to inlay or onlay. After the repair is made to repair the damaged teeth, the resin bonding system 240 is also the resin system because the cement is mostly because the above-mentioned possibility of fine leakage remains.

Especially in the case of resin in lay, you may not know that there is caries inside, so you can see a great loss of caries later.

The possibility of caries recurrence is low if the previous teeth are completely removed and cleaned. Also, amalgam may be said to be better than resin in lay because of the anti-carious activity of the material itself. Slight corrosion occurs and this corrosive component acts as a bacteriostatic function between teeth and ceramics, but can be poisoned if developed incorrectly to soften using mercury. There is also a country.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, in describing each of the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to the same reference numerals and components even though they are shown in different drawings.

Figure 1 is a front view of the teeth damaged by the decayed tooth of the present invention is a picture showing a photograph taken after deleting the tooth portion with a handpiece drill severely decayed women in their 30s,

Figure 2 is a silver nano-ceramic of the present invention inlay restoration photo of the tooth decay patient of Figure 1 is the application of the silver nano-containing ceramic material of the present invention inlay (laying) to the cavities.

Figure 3 is another frontal picture of the tooth damaged by the decayed tooth of the present invention as a photograph showing the appearance of the damaged teeth of a relatively injured male patients in the 40's decided to lay on (on lay) procedure by the doctor's diagnosis .

Figure 4 is a silver nano-ceramic of the present invention on the completion of the onlay photo of the tooth decay patient shown in Figure 3 of the present invention in the ceramic material containing the silver nanoparticles of the present invention by applying the onlay to the cavities in the adhesive 240 method is adhesive (240) The tooth to be disinfected, and the surface was corroded to be well-adhesive (240) with hydro formic acid, and after the silane treatment, the adhesive (240) resin cement was applied and the ceramic inlay on the procedure was carried out (240) After that no findings were found.

Figure 5 is a block diagram of the manufacturing process of the silver nano and nano-dental ceramic dental caries (dental caries make) of the present invention, the raw material of the ceramic, quartz, white stone, feldspar, clay, silica, flux, Alumina, silicon, boric acid, titanium, cobalt, manganese, lanthanum, tin, copper, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, selenium, pigments are pulverized in nano units, and silver nano powder is 0.01 to 100% by weight of the material. 20 wt% of the mixture is added and stirred, and a certain amount of the stirring solution is added to the stirring frame obtained by pulling and then firing (210).

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a coating process of silver nano and ceramic dental caries make of nano units according to the present invention, and the surface of the ceramic dental caries make is coated with silver nano coating method. Will be used.

Next, the plasma coating process of the present invention will be described as follows.

 In order to wash the foreign material on the surface of the on-lay (on lay), the finished material 380 (10), to put a restorative (dental caries make) on lay (inlay) and inject the cleaning solution using a washing machine Through the washing process 230 for washing the impurities attached in the manufacturing process of the ceramic restorative material (on lay) on or outside the ceramic (Reramics) 10 through the rinsing process (240) and drying in the dryer (160) After evaporating the water, the on-lay (on lay), which is the restorative material (10), is put into the chamber 220 while being attached to the holder, and the inner caries make on lay with plasma under vacuum. Alternatively, after the sterilization process (300) outside, the first silver nano (20) surface coating 20 is performed.

   Plasma sterilization process (300) and silver nano (20) primary surface processing (340) after the operation (100) coated with silver nano (20) on the surface (on lay) surface adhesion (240) to improve the recovery and Plasma secondary surface treatment 360 and reinforcement treatment are performed to increase the strength of the on-lay restorative material 10.

Next, in the plasma coating 100 of the silver nano 20 finally by vacuum macnetron sputtering plasma coating method, the plasma coating 100 was converted into plasma with a desired thickness of 0.0 l to 50 m (micrometer). The total content of ceramics (dental caries make) is obtained by coating (100) the finished (380) or restorative (10) silver nano (20) powder in an inlay or on lay ceramic (ceramics) material. It is also possible to manufacture the silver nano 20 as an alloy by adding 0.01% to 20% by weight relative to the inlay or inlay or onlay as the restorative material 10 of plastic, acrylic, synthetic resin, resin, and ceramic material, not metal. Plasma coating (100) of the material on the lay material is possible, of course, in the inlay or on lay restorative material (10), the tooth restorative material (10) made of metal, the entire material Gold or gold on It is also preferable to add 0.01 to 10% by weight of zinc, 0.01 to 10% by weight of zinc, 0.01 to 10% by weight of platinum or platinum nano,

Injected antimicrobial material is a silver colloidal solution (Silver Colloidal Solution) consisting of a silver nano (20) powder or a nano silver solution, the silver nano (ceramic) dental restoration 10 of the present invention is completed (380) The procedure is performed on the patient at the dentist.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the silver nano 20 plasma coating method follows a conventional coating process 100.

3 to 8 are enlarged photographs of the cross section, side and surface of the silver nano 20 and the data of the antimicrobial activity test of the strain into which the silver nano 20 is added as an example to help understanding of the present invention. It is shown.

Fig. 7 is a photograph taken at 60.000 times magnification of a cross section of silver nano of the present invention.

8 is a photograph taken at 80.000 times magnification of the side of the silver nano of the present invention by an electron microscope.

9 is a photograph taken by enlarging 50.000 times the surface of the silver nano of the present invention with an electron microscope.

Figure 10 is a photograph of the antimicrobial activity of the strain into which the silver nano of the present invention.

11 is Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococci, bacteria in which the silver nano of the present invention is added.

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) Bacteria Antimicrobial Test Picture.

12 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of silver nano of the present invention.

As a result, the block diagram, clinical picture, and silver nano antibacterial activity data of the silver nano 20 of the present invention were examined, and the method of manufacturing the dental caries make of the present invention uses a conventional method of manufacturing dental caries make. Will follow.

The present invention can reduce the number of microorganisms present in the tooth surface and gum epithelium, oral cavity due to the antimicrobial action of the silver nano 20, and can prevent secondary infection and cross infection of dental workers during the procedure.

The in-lay or on-lay ceramic containing silver nano 20 has the advantage of excellent biocompatibility and no toxicity at all to the human body, and dental dental restorations caries make) is limited to 0.01 to 20% by weight relative to the total 100% by weight of ceramics (cerramics) and the size of the alloyed silver nano (20) particles have a particle size of the ultra-fine particles of about 0.05 to 300nm and accurate in the present invention It does not limit the specific range of numerical values.

Example 1

Applicant was able to know the rough process of the ceramic dental caries make and silver nano (20) purchased from Nano Tech Co., Ltd. together with Dr. H Dentist of H Dental Clinic in Seoul. 10 g of powder and composite porcelain ceramic powder manufactured by the same name)

  Into 100g of the composite ceramic powder, 10g 10/1 was added to the dental laboratory after stirring, and after several times firing (210) to complete the ceramic ceramics containing silver nano (20) ( In Fig. 1, the rotten area of the cavities of one premolar tooth of a woman in her 30's who came to the hospital with dental caries was cut out and inlayed with the silver nano ceramics. The front teeth were removed 2/1 with the handpiece and the bone was made with alginate. After a week, all teeth were ceramic on lay. Both patients had no inflammatory reaction, no pain and no foreign body. I couldn't look for an appeal.

Conventional dental caries make without silver nano (20) powder have no antimicrobial activity and shortly after repair, Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcal bacteria, and resistant and resistant MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria It was detected that the above bacteria were killed in dental caries make mixed with silver nano (20).

Applicant has briefly shown the average value obtained by measuring in the analysis table below, and the present invention has been completed (380) confirming that the result is expected to be sufficiently applicable to the dentist.

As such, the present invention has excellent antibacterial and biological stability in the oral cavity by containing silver nanoparticles in a conventional ceramic material containing allergy, toxicity or inflammation and various other problems in the oral environment. The suitability is good, and the mechanical and mechanical properties are very useful inventions that can provide the most suitable dental restorative ceramics with the living body.

As described above, silver nano 20 having many advantages according to the present invention.

(Nano silver) powder or nano (20) silver (Ag) solution is used as a material for ceramic caramel make, quartz, feldspar, clay, silica, flux, alumina, silicon, boric acid, titanium, cobalt, Manganese, Lanthanum, Tin, Copper, Copper, Gold, Platinum, Zinc, Selenium, Pigment to 0.05 to 300nm in nano units to increase the agitation and plasticity (210) power and 100% of the ceramic restorative material including the ceramic material The silver nano 20 was added at 0.01 to 20% by weight based on PPM in the range of 0.01 to 20 PPM per 100 g of the ceramic, and the particle size of the injected silver nano 20 was 0.05 to 300 nm as in the ceramic material. It is characterized in that the oral contaminants come in contact with bacteria and pathogens and microorganisms can be used to clean and hygienically use dental ceramic restoratives (dental caries make).

In the above, the embodiments or preferred embodiments of the present invention are easily described.

Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will understand that the present invention can be variously modified or modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention described in the claims.

The table below shows an example of a diagram in which the bacterium dies after 30 minutes by adding 10% by weight of silver nano (20) to Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococci, bacteria, and MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Silver nano (20) was found to have excellent sterilizing power.

test subject unit Number of strains  10% silver nano addition (after 30 minutes) Staphylococcus aureus CFU / mL 3.4 X 10 ³ 0 Pneumonia group CFU / mL 3.1 X 10 ³ 0 MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) CFU / mL 1.3 X 10 ² 0 bacteria CFU / mL 3.4 X 10 ² 0

  (This test report is the analysis data of Korea Testing Institute)

Claims (15)

All ceramics and composite metals and stones, including quartz, feldspar, leucine clay, silica, flux, alumina, silicon, boric acid, titanium, cobalt, manganese, lanthanum, tin, copper, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, selenium, pigments In nuclear ceramic tooth restorative, The powder of the material of the ceramic material has a particle diameter of 0.05 to 300nm Silver nano (20) with respect to the total 100% by weight of the ceramic restorative material, characterized in that the combination of the silver nano (20) and the nano-nano ceramic tooth restorative material. The method of claim 1, Silver nano and the ceramic tooth restoring material of the nano- and nano-units characterized in that the nanoparticles in the range of 0.01 to 20PPM per 100g of the ceramic and the particle size of the injected silver nano (20) has a particle size of 0.05 to 300nm. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, In the tooth restoring material (10) including a ray or on ray, laminating, veneers, crowns which are ceramics for repairing teeth made of metal or nonmetal, The ceramic nano-tooth restoration material of the silver nano and nano unit, characterized in that the mixture of 120 to 0.01 to 20% by weight of the silver nano (20) powder to 100% by weight, including the ceramic. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, To a conventional ceramic restoration 10 consisting of quartz, feldspar, clay, silica, flux, alumina, silicon, boric acid, titanium, cobalt, manganese, lanthanum, tin, copper, copper, gold, platinum, zinc, selenium and pigments In Silver nano (20) powder 0.01 to 20% by weight of the total 100% by weight of the ceramic further characterized in that the coating (100) is a ceramic tooth restoration material of the silver nano and nano units. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Silver nano-ceramic tooth restorative material, characterized in that the particle size of the silver nano (20) particles injected into the ceramic tooth restoring material is 0.05 to 300nm. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. In the dental restoration 10 made of metal, 0.01 to 10% by weight of gold or gold nano zinc or 0.01 to 10% by weight zinc or zinc nano, and 0.01 to 10% by weight of platinum or platinum nano to the entire material Ceramic tooth restorations in nano and nano units. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, In the dental restoration 10, Injected antimicrobial material is a silver nano (20) powder or a nano-ceramic ceramic tooth restoration material characterized in that the colloidal solution consisting of a silver solution. The method according to claim 4, Ceramic tooth restorative material of the nano and nano units characterized in that the dental restoration body made of ceramic material by dry coating (100) by plasma. The method of claim 8, The thickness of the coating 100 of the silver nano 20 of the tooth restorative material is coated with a thickness of 0.0 l μm to 50 μm (micrometer), thereby coating the silver nano 20 coating 100 film on the inside and the outside of the on-ray restorative material. Ceramic nano-repair material of nano and nano units, characterized in that forming. The method of claim 9. After the washing process 230 and the rinsing process for the silver nano 20 plasma coating 100, after drying 160, the restoring material 10 is attached to the holder and then put into the chamber 220 to be restored to the plasma. The interior and exterior of the silver nano (20) coating (100) is characterized in that the ceramic tooth restorative ceramic nano and nano units. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, The firing method of the ceramic restorative material is silver nano and nano-unit ceramic tooth restoring material, characterized in that any one selected from cryogenic firing, atmospheric firing, vacuum firing, pressure firing. The ceramic restorative material of silver nano and nano unit is characterized in that the melting type of the ceramic restoring material is any one of a high temperature melting type, an intermediate melting type, a low temperature melting type, and an ultra low temperature melting type. The method of claim 11, The low temperature melting or firing temperature of the ceramic restoration is between about 600 ° C. (1112 ° F.) and 1000 ° C. (1832 ° F.). The method of claim 13,  A high temperature melting or firing temperature of a ceramic restorative ceramic silver restorative material, characterized in that the temperature between 800 ° C (1472 ° F) and 1500 ° C (2732 ° F). The ceramic restorative material is a silver nano and nano-scale ceramic tooth restoring material characterized by further comprising alumina reinforced ceramic, opaque ceramic, dentin ceramic, enamel ceramic, transparent ceramic.

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