KR20060104821A - Catalyst for fuel cell, preparation method thereof, and fuel cell system comprising the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a catalyst for a fuel cell, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell system including the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including platinum and a specific surface area of 50 to 100 m ² / Pt g. The present invention relates to a catalyst for a fuel cell comprising a metal catalyst, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell system including the same.

In the fuel cell catalyst of the present invention, the specific surface area of the surface of the catalyst particles is increased in the process of the alloyed transition metal is released into the high temperature acid by performing high temperature acid treatment after the production of the alloy catalyst. Accordingly, the catalyst for a fuel cell according to the present invention may exhibit more excellent catalytic activity, and the fuel cell system including the catalyst may also exhibit excellent battery characteristics.

Fuel cell, grain roughness, alloy catalyst, heat treatment, high temperature acid treatment, manufacturing method

Description

Catalyst for fuel cell, method for manufacturing same, and fuel cell system including the same {CATALYST FOR FUEL CELL, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM COMPRISING THE SAME}

1 is a process diagram schematically showing a process for preparing a catalyst of the present invention.

2 is a process diagram schematically showing an example of a process for producing an electrode using the catalyst of the present invention.

3 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a fuel cell system of the present invention.

4 is an exploded perspective view showing the electric power generation unit of the fuel cell system of the present invention.

5 is a graph of the voltage-current curve of the Pt-Co alloy catalyst of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell catalyst, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell system including the same, and more particularly, to a fuel cell catalyst, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell system including the same, having excellent catalytic activity.

[Prior art]

A fuel cell is a power generation system that directly converts chemical reaction energy of hydrogen and oxygen contained in a hydrocarbon-based material such as methanol, ethanol or natural gas into electrical energy.

Fuel cells are classified into phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, polymer electrolyte or alkaline fuel cells according to the type of electrolyte used, and each of these fuel cells is essentially the same. It operates on the principle, but differs in the type of fuel used, operating temperature, catalyst, electrolyte, and the like.

Among these, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), which is being developed recently, has superior output characteristics compared to other fuel cells, has a low operating temperature, fast start-up and response characteristics, and a mobile power source such as an automobile. Of course, it has a wide range of applications, such as distributed power supply for homes, public buildings and small power supply for electronic devices.

In order for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell as described above to basically have a system configuration, an electric generator of a fuel cell, also called a stack, a fuel tank, and a fuel pump for supplying fuel from the fuel tank to the stack Etc. are required. The reformer may further include a reformer for reforming the fuel to generate hydrogen gas and supplying the hydrogen gas to the electricity generator in the process of supplying the fuel stored in the fuel tank to the stack. Therefore, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell supplies the fuel stored in the fuel tank to the reformer by the pumping force of the fuel pump, the reformer reforms the fuel to generate hydrogen gas, and the electricity generator electrochemically reacts the hydrogen gas and oxygen. To generate electrical energy.

On the other hand, the fuel cell may employ a direct oxidation fuel cell (Direct Oxidation Fuel Cell) method that can supply the liquid methanol fuel directly to the electricity generating unit. Such a direct oxidation fuel cell fuel cell, unlike the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the reformer is excluded.

In the fuel cell system as described above, the electricity generating unit that generates electricity substantially has a structure in which one or more unit cells composed of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and a separator (or bipolar plate) are stacked. Have The membrane-electrode assembly has a structure in which an anode electrode (also called "fuel electrode" or "oxide electrode") and a cathode electrode (also called "air electrode" or "reduction electrode") are attached with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween. The separator simultaneously plays a role of a passage for supplying hydrogen gas and oxygen required for the reaction of the fuel cell and a conductor for connecting the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of each membrane-electrode assembly in series. Therefore, hydrogen gas is supplied to the anode electrode by the bipolar plate, while oxygen is supplied to the cathode electrode. In this process, electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen gas occurs at the anode electrode, and electrochemical reduction of oxygen occurs at the cathode electrode, and electricity, heat, and water can be obtained together due to the movement of the generated electrons.

In order to be an efficient fuel cell, the thermal energy consumption of chemical energy should be minimized, and the rate of electrochemical redox reaction at the electrode should be high to obtain sufficient current economically. Therefore, catalysts are generally used in the anode and cathode to increase the reaction rate at the electrode in the fuel cell.

Currently, the catalyst used for the oxidation and reduction of fuel and air in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a catalyst in which porous (Pt), a precious metal, is supported on carbon black particles having excellent electrical conductivity in the form of fine particles of 2-10 nm size.

However, in the case of a fuel cell that requires the use of expensive platinum, the overall cost depends on the availability of the platinum electrode catalyst. Therefore, it is very important to prepare a platinum catalyst having high activity and stability with the same amount of platinum.

In general, in the case of a heterogeneously supported catalyst, the smaller the particle size of the metal catalyst, the higher the activity for the same amount of catalyst, because the smaller the particle size, the greater the effective surface area of the reaction.

Previous studies have shown that platinum / carbon black catalysts can degrade platinum catalysts due to the growth of platinum particles after prolonged operation at high temperatures. The growth of platinum particles is driven by a crystallite migration mechanism or a dissolution-precipitation mechanism, but the mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, the most important thing in the production of a catalyst for a fuel cell is to prepare a catalyst that maintains high activity in the long term by having high activity and high stability.

U.S. Patent Nos. 4,192,907, 4,447,506, 5,024,905 and 5,593,934 disclose platinum and nickel (Ni) or chromium (Ni) or chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and copper supported on carbon black as electrode catalysts. (Cu), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd) and the like by sintering at high temperature to obtain high catalytic activity Is disclosed.

However, the method first sintered at temperatures above 700 ° C. and a reducing atmosphere to produce platinum and other metals as alloys, thereby causing fine platinum particles to agglomerate with adjacent platinum particles, thereby increasing the size of the platinum particles to about 5-20 nm. As a result, the active surface area of the platinum particles is reduced, thereby reducing the electrochemical catalytic activity for the oxidation and reduction of hydrogen and oxygen.

Therefore, there is a need for the development of a new catalyst that solves the problem of reduction in catalyst activity due to the reduction of the active surface area due to aggregation in the sintering process of conventional alloy catalysts.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell catalyst having a wide specific surface area and exhibiting excellent catalytic activity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the fuel cell catalyst.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system including the catalyst for the fuel cell.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a catalyst for a fuel cell comprising platinum as a main component, a metal catalyst having a specific surface area of 50 to 100m ² / Pt g, and micropores are formed on the surface.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a platinum and transition metal alloy by a) mixing a platinum-containing material and a transition metal-containing material to prepare a mixture, b) drying the mixture, and c) heat treating the dried mixture. And, d) subjecting the platinum and the transition metal alloy to an acid treatment at a high temperature.

The present invention also provides a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly comprising: a) an anode electrode and a cathode electrode comprising a) a conductive electrode support and a catalyst layer comprising the catalyst for a fuel cell, and ii) a polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell. Provided is a fuel cell system comprising a generator, b) a fuel supply, and c) an oxidant supply.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The fuel cell catalyst of the present invention is characterized by including a metal catalyst having platinum as a main component, a specific surface area of 50 to 100 m ² / Pt g, and micropores formed on its surface.

More preferably, the metal catalyst has a specific surface area of 50 to 85 m ² / Pt g. If the specific surface area of the metal catalyst is less than 50 m ² / Pt g, the effect of increasing the catalytic activity according to the increase of the specific surface area is insignificant, and if it exceeds 100 m ² / Pt g, it is difficult to manufacture the catalyst and is not preferable economically. not.

In addition, the metal catalyst preferably has an average particle diameter of 70 GPa or more, more preferably 80 to 110 GPa. When the particle diameter of the metal catalyst is less than 70 GPa, the effect of increasing the activity of the catalyst particles (mass activity) is insignificant.

In addition to platinum, the metal catalyst may further include a transition metal remaining without being eluted by acid treatment in the metal catalyst manufacturing process, wherein the metal catalyst preferably includes platinum: transition metal in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5 or less. More preferably 1: 0.17 to 1: 0.5. When the content ratio of platinum and transition metal exceeds 1: 0.5, the effect of increasing the specific surface area is insignificant.

The transition metal included in the metal catalyst is preferably at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron and nickel.

 Preferably, the catalyst for a fuel cell of the present invention includes the metal catalyst in a supported state, and the support may be used without limitation as long as it is usually used as a support, and carbon is more preferable in the present invention. .

The metal catalyst contained in the catalyst for fuel cells of the present invention is preferably prepared by a method of eluting the transition metal by acid treatment of an alloy of platinum and the transition metal at a high temperature.

1 is a process diagram schematically showing a manufacturing process of a catalyst for a fuel cell of the present invention.

The catalyst for a fuel cell of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, a) mixing the platinum-containing material and transition metal-containing material to prepare a mixture; b) drying the mixture; c) heat treating the dried mixture to produce platinum and a transition metal alloy; And d) it may be prepared according to the method for producing a catalyst for a fuel cell comprising the step of acid treatment at high temperature.

In preparing the alloy of the platinum and the transition metal of step a), the platinum-containing material and the transition metal-containing material are preferably mixed in a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 3: 1 based on the platinum and the transition metal.

It is preferable to use platinum supported on carbon (Pt / C) as the platinum-containing material, and any compound capable of forming an alloy of platinum and transition metal may be used as the transition metal-containing material, more preferably. Preferably, at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt-containing compounds, iron-containing compounds and nickel-containing compounds may be used, and most preferably CoCl ₂ , CoSO ₄ And it is preferable to use one or more selected from the group consisting of CoBr ₂ .

At the time of mixing, the transition metal-containing material may be directly mixed with the platinum-containing material or mixed in an aqueous solution. Preferably, the transition metal-containing material may be mixed in an aqueous solution. At this time, the concentration of the transition metal-containing material in the aqueous solution is preferably 0.1M to 1.0M.

The platinum-containing material and the transition metal-containing material are mixed to prepare a mixture, followed by a drying step b). The drying step is a process of evaporating the water contained in the mixture, according to the conventional drying process.

After drying the mixture, the alloy of platinum and the transition metal is prepared by the heat treatment in step c). The heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 1000 ° C to 1300 ° C in a reducing atmosphere, and more preferably at a temperature of 1000 to 1200 ° C. If the heat treatment temperature is less than 1000 ℃, the transition metal is mainly distributed on the surface of the platinum particles during the alloying process, and the effect of increasing the specific surface area of the surface of the particles in the acid treatment process is insignificant, and when the heat treatment temperature exceeds 1300 ℃, the alloy catalyst Since the particle size of the particles is excessively large and the catalytic activity is lowered, the increase of the oxygen reduction potential value is slowed down, resulting in a large energy loss due to alloy production. Moreover, it is preferable that heat processing time is 2 to 5 hours.

 In addition, the preparation of the alloy is preferably carried out in a reducing atmosphere, more preferably hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, or a mixture of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is preferably carried out.

In the high temperature acid treatment step of e), the hot acid solution is treated with respect to the alloy of the platinum and the transition metal. The acid solution selectively elutes only the transition metal from the alloy of platinum and the transition metal, thereby expanding the specific surface area of the metal catalyst.

An acid solution containing a strong acid may be used as the acid solution, and it is more preferable to use an acid solution containing at least one strong acid selected from the group consisting of H ₃ PO ₄ , H ₂ SO ₄ , and HCl. In addition, the concentration of the acid solution is preferably 95% or more, more preferably 95 to 99%. When the concentration of the acid solution is less than 95%, the dissolution rate of the transition metal is slow and a sufficient specific surface area is difficult to be obtained.

Moreover, it is preferable that acid treatment temperature is 150-250 degreeC. When the temperature of the acid treatment is less than 150 ° C, the transition metal is not sufficiently eluted and heat of about 250 ° C is unnecessary.

The particle size of the alloy of platinum and transition metal is determined by the heat treatment temperature, the particle size is increased when the alloy is heat treated. On the contrary, the larger the particle size, the smaller the reaction surface area and the smaller the catalytic activity. However, the high temperature acid treatment, as in the present invention, causes the alloyed transition metal to be eluted out of the high temperature acid solution, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the catalyst particles and the active surface area of the platinum catalyst.

At this time, the transition metal is not completely eluted, but may be included in the metal catalyst, but does not affect the activity of the catalyst. However, it is preferable that the transition metal is included in 50% or less of the initial amount used in the metal catalyst.

In addition, as a platinum-containing material, when the platinum catalyst supported on the carrier is used, the specific surface area of the carrier also increases, so that a greater amount of metal catalyst can be exposed to the carrier surface to increase the activity of the catalyst. have.

A mixture obtained by mixing the metal catalyst prepared by the above method with a binder resin and a solvent may be coated on an electrode support or laminated as a film to produce an electrode including a catalyst layer.

2 is a process chart showing an example of a process for producing an electrode using the catalyst of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 2 in more detail, first, the metal catalyst is mixed with a binder resin and a solvent to prepare a mixture. Examples of the binder resin include fluorine-containing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Rubber polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber; And a mixture selected from the group consisting of these may be used. In addition, the solvent may be alcohol, such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), isopropyl alcohol, water, or a mixture thereof.

The prepared mixture is coated on a conductive electrode support to form a catalyst layer, which is then rolled and sintered to form an electrode.

The coating method of the composition is not particularly limited, but for example, a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, and a gravure method The electrode may be manufactured by coating the electrode support using a method), an extrusion method, a brush method or the like, or laminating the electrode support after forming the film.

The conductive electrode support is preferably one gas diffusion layer selected from carbon paper, carbon cloth, and carbon felt. The gas diffusion layer serves to support the catalyst layer and at the same time serves as a gas diffusion passage for delivering a reaction gas to the catalyst layer. The gas diffusion layer may be used by water repellent treatment with a fluorine-based polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene.

The electrode support may further include a microporous layer to enhance the gas diffusion effect between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer. The microporous layer serves to uniformly supply the reaction gas to the catalyst layer and to transfer electrons formed in the catalyst layer to the gas diffusion layer. Conductive powders having a small particle size are generally selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNT), fullerenes (C60), activated carbons, vulcans, ketjen black, carbon black and carbon nano horns. It may include one or more carbon materials.

The microporous layer is prepared by coating a composition including the carbon material, a binder resin, and a solvent on an electrode support. The fluorine-based binder resin may be a fluorine-based binder resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or a polymer such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a mixture thereof. The solvent may be N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol, water or a mixture thereof. The coating process may be screen printing, spray coating, or a coating method using a doctor blade according to the viscosity of the composition, but is not limited thereto.

In the fuel cell, the cathode and the anode electrode are not distinguished by materials but in their role, and the fuel cell electrode is divided into an anode for hydrogen oxidation and a cathode for reducing oxygen. Therefore, the fuel cell electrode of the present invention can be used for both the cathode and the anode electrode.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the fuel cell system of the present invention, Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view showing the electricity generating unit 110 of the fuel cell system of the present invention.

The fuel cell system of the present invention includes a fuel supply unit 120 for supplying fuel; An electricity generator 110 including the fuel cell catalyst and generating electric energy; And an oxidant supply unit 130 supplying an oxidant to the electricity generating unit 110 from the outside.

In addition, the electricity generating unit 110 of the fuel cell system of the present invention induces an oxidation / reduction reaction of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply unit and the oxidant supplied from the oxidant supply unit to generate one or more unit cells 131 for generating electrical energy. Equipped.

Each unit cell 131 refers to a cell of a unit for generating electricity, and includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 132 for oxidizing / reducing hydrogen gas and oxygen in air. A separator (also called a bipolar plate, hereinafter referred to as a separator) 133 for supplying air to the membrane-electrode composite 132 is included. The separator 133 is disposed on both sides of the membrane-electrode composite 132 at the center. At this time, the separators located at the outermost side of the electricity generating unit may also be specifically referred to as end plates 133a.

The membrane-electrode composite 132 has a structure in which a polymer electrolyte membrane is interposed between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode forming both sides.

The anode electrode is supplied with hydrogen gas through the separator 133, and is composed of a catalyst layer for converting hydrogen gas into electrons and hydrogen ions by an oxidation reaction, and an electrode support for smooth movement of electrons and hydrogen ions.

In addition, the cathode electrode is a part that receives air through the separator 133, the fuel cell catalyst layer for converting oxygen in the air into electrons and oxygen ions by a reduction reaction, and an electrode support for smooth movement of electrons and oxygen ions It is composed.

The polymer electrolyte membrane is a solid polymer electrolyte having a thickness of 50 to 200 μm, and has a function of ion exchange to move hydrogen ions generated in the catalyst layer of the anode electrode to the catalyst layer of the cathode electrode. The polymer electrolyte membrane may be a perfluoro-based polymer, a benzimidazole-based polymer, a polyimide-based polymer, a polyetherimide-based polymer, a polyphenylene sulfide-based polymer, a polysulfone-based polymer, a polyethersulfone-based polymer, a polyether ketone-based polymer, a polyether It is preferred to include at least one hydrogen ion conductive polymer selected from the group consisting of ether ketone polymers and polyphenylquinoxaline polymers.

Hereinafter, preferred examples and comparative examples of the present invention are described. However, the following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

 EXAMPLE

Example  One

Johnson Matthey Co. commercial platinum / carbon (Pt / C) catalyst (platinum content 10% by weight) was added to a CoCl ₂ concentration of 0.1 M CoCl _2. The mixture was added dropwise into an aqueous solution and then dispersed by ultrasonic mixing for 1 hour. At this time, the content of the platinum / carbon (Pt / C) catalyst and CoCl ₂ to be a molar ratio of 1: 1 based on platinum: cobalt.

After the mixing, the mixture was dried at 110 ° C for 1 hour, and then heat-treated at 1100 ° C for 2.5 hours in the presence of a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen (10% by volume of hydrogen and 90% by volume of nitrogen), followed by 100% phosphoric acid at 200 ° C. To prepare a catalyst for a fuel cell

Comparative example  One

A platinum (Pt / C) catalyst (platinum content 10 wt%) supported on commercial carbon from Johnson Matthey Co. was used.

Comparative example  2

Johnson Matthey Co. commercial carbon supported platinum (Pt / C) catalyst (platinum content 10% by weight) was prepared in the presence of a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen (10% hydrogen and 90% nitrogen). A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 2.5 hours.

Comparative example  3

A catalyst for a fuel cell was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the heat treatment temperature was 700 ° C.

Comparative example  4

A catalyst for a fuel cell was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the heat treatment temperature was 900 ° C.

The average particle diameters of the catalysts for fuel cells obtained in Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were measured using an electron scanning microscope, and the specific surface area of the catalysts was measured by a hydrogen ion adsorption charge amount measurement method by CV (cyclic voltage-current method). The activity per weight of the catalyst was measured using a constant voltage current meter (Potentiostat / Galvanostat Multiplexer: product name EG & G PAR (Model 273)). The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.

Heat treatment temperature (℃) Specific surface area (m ² / Pt g) Particle diameter of metal catalyst Activity per weight at 600 mV for SCE (A / g) Example 1 1100 75.1 103 627 Comparative Example 1 - 48.2 <30 461 Comparative Example 2 600 42.0 53.5 470 Comparative Example 3 700 40.5 42.9 427 Comparative Example 4 900 38.5 64.3 399

In Table 1, SCE stands for saturated calomel electrode.

As a result of the measurement, when the heat treatment temperature is relatively low (less than 1000 ℃), the transition metal is mainly distributed on the surface of the platinum particles during the alloying process, and the effect of increasing the specific surface area of the metal catalyst in the acid treatment process is not increased. In the case of heat treatment, the transition metal penetrates into the inside of the platinum particles and escapes with the acid, so that the surface of the particles becomes rough and the specific surface area increases.

Catalyst for fuel cell and poly (perfluorosulfonic acid) solution prepared according to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (Nafion ^{TM of} DuPont) solution) was mixed to prepare a catalyst slurry, and the catalyst slurry was slurry coated to a thickness of 50 μm on a carbon paper having a thickness of 300 μm, and then dried at 355 ° C. to prepare an electrode for a fuel cell.

The electrode for the fuel cell was bonded to both surfaces of a poly (perfluorosulfonic acid) film having a thickness of 120 μm to prepare a membrane-electrode assembly. A separator was disposed on both sides of the membrane-electrode assembly, and the fuel supply unit was configured as shown in FIG. 3. And an oxygen supply unit to manufacture a fuel cell system.

For the fuel cell including the fuel cell catalyst of Examples 1 to 4 in comparison with Example 1, the voltage-current characteristics were measured by the constant voltage current measurement method using Potentiostat, the results are shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen that the fuel cell including the fuel cell catalyst of Example 1 of the present invention has excellent voltage-current characteristics.

The catalyst for a fuel cell of the present invention may exhibit higher catalytic activity due to the increased specific surface area, and may also exhibit improved cell performance of the fuel cell including the same.

Claims (14)

A catalyst for a fuel cell comprising platinum as a main component, a metal catalyst having a specific surface area of 50 to 100 m ² / Pt g, and micropores formed on its surface. The catalyst for a fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst has an average particle diameter of 70 GPa or more. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst comprises platinum and a transition metal in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5 or less. The catalyst for a fuel cell of claim 3, wherein the transition metal is at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, and nickel. The fuel cell catalyst of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell catalyst comprises a metal catalyst supported on a support body. The catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst is prepared by a method of eluting a transition metal by acid treatment of an alloy of platinum and a transition metal at a high temperature. Mixing the platinum containing material and the transition metal containing material to prepare a mixture; Drying the mixture; Heat treating the dried mixture to produce platinum and a transition metal alloy; And Acid treatment at high temperature Method for producing a catalyst for a fuel cell comprising a. The method of claim 7, wherein the platinum-containing material and the transition metal-containing material are added in a molar ratio of platinum and transition metal at a ratio of 1: 1 to 3: 1. The method of claim 7, wherein the transition metal-containing material is at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt-containing compounds, iron-containing compounds, and nickel-containing compounds. The method of claim 9, wherein the transition metal-containing material is at least one selected from the group consisting of CoCl ₂ , CoSO ₄ , and CoBr ₂ . The method of claim 7, wherein the heat treatment temperature for producing the alloy of the platinum and the transition metal is 1000 ° C. to 1300 ° C. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the acid treatment uses an acid solution including at least one selected from the group consisting of H ₃ PO ₄ , H ₂ SO _4, and HCl. The method of claim 7, wherein the acid treatment temperature is 150 ° C. to 250 ° C. 9. a) an anode electrode and a cathode electrode comprising a catalyst layer comprising i) a conductive electrode support and a catalyst for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and ii) membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell comprising polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell Electric generation unit comprising a; b) a fuel supply; And c) oxidant supply Fuel cell system comprising a.

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