KR20060087476A - Evaluation method of quality of prestress concrete pile by measuring water level and time inside pile - Google Patents
Evaluation method of quality of prestress concrete pile by measuring water level and time inside pile Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 201000006082 Chickenpox Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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Abstract
본 발명은 콘크리트(PHC) 말뚝의 내부에서 수위변화를 측정하여 콘크리트의 투수계수, 결함의 심도와 결함의 크기를 평가하는 방법이다.The present invention is a method for evaluating the water permeability coefficient of the concrete (PHC) piles, the depth of the defect and the size of the defect.
PHC 말뚝의 건전도는 말뚝 동재하 시험기로 평가할 수 있으나 말뚝이 작게 파손되었을 경우에는 판단하기 어렵고 여러 말뚝에 시험이 어렵다.The health of the PHC piles can be assessed with a pile load tester, but it is difficult to judge when the pile is small and difficult to test on several piles.
본 방법은 공작제작 후나 지반에 시공 후 PHC 말뚝의 품질을 확인할 수 있어 PHC 말뚝의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있다. This method can check the quality of the PHC piles after fabrication or construction on the ground, thereby improving the quality of the PHC piles.
PHC 말뚝, 항타 시공, 투수계수, 지하수위, 말뚝균열, 지지력 감소 PHC pile, driving construction, permeability coefficient, groundwater level, pile crack, bearing capacity reduction
Description
도 1은 PHC 말뚝의 내부 수위변화 측정 방법에 대한 단면도이다1 is a cross-sectional view of the internal water level change measurement method of the PHC pile.
도 2는 양수법에 의한 균열이 없는 말뚝의 투수계수의 계산식 개념도이다2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the coefficient of permeability of piles without cracks by the pumping method.
도 3은 양수법에 대한 PHC 말뚝 균열의 크기 산정을 위한 계산식 개념도이다3 is a conceptual diagram for calculating the size of PHC pile crack for pumping method
도 4는 주수법에 의한 균열이 없는 말뚝의 투수계수 계산식 개념도이다4 is a conceptual diagram for calculating the coefficient of permeability of piles without cracks by water casting method
도 5는 주수법에 대한 PHC 말뚝 균열의 크기 산정을 위한 계산식 개념도이다5 is a conceptual diagram for estimating the size of PHC pile crack for casting method
도 6은 항타 시공 중 말뚝 선단슈와 말뚝 선단의 변형 단면도이다6 is a modified cross-sectional view of the pile tip shoe and the pile tip during driving construction;
도 7은 PHC 말뚝의 말뚝선단 방수 단면도이다7 is a pile tip waterproofing cross-sectional view of the PHC pile.
*도면의 주요 부분에 대한 식별번호의 설명** Description of identification numbers for the main parts of the drawings *
1 지반 2 지하수위 3 PHC말뚝 4 말뚝내부 수위 5 압력센서 6 측정기 7 모래 8 방수재 9 선단슈 10 PHC말뚝의 선단변형 11 선단슈의 중앙변형 12 말뚝의 균열1
콘크리트(PHC) 말뚝은 지반에 시공하여 지지력을 개선하기 위하여 가장 많이 사용되어 왔다. 고강도 원심력 콘크리트 말뚝은 PC강성을 선단슈에 고정하고 prestress를 가한 후 원통형 봉 속에 콘크리트를 넣고 회전하면 말뚝의 중앙은 구멍이 생긴다. 일반적으로 가압, 양생하여 제작하는 이와 같은 말뚝을 PHC 말뚝이라 한다.Concrete (PHC) piles have been most commonly used to improve bearing capacity in the ground. High strength centrifugal concrete piles fix PC rigidity to the tip shoe, apply prestress, and then put concrete in the cylindrical rod and rotate the pile. In general, such a pile produced by pressing and curing is called a PHC pile.
말뚝의 제조과정 중 콘크리트의 건조수축, 충격, 열 수축으로 말뚝 내부에 말뚝 길이 방향으로 작은 균열이 발생할 수 있다. prestress가 부족하거나 운반 취급중 휨 응력으로 말뚝의 둘레방향으로 균열이 발생할 수 있다. 말뚝의 제작 과정상 균열이나 운반중 과대한 휨 응력에 의한 말뚝 균열은 눈으로 결함을 확인하기 어렵다.During the manufacturing process of piles, small cracks may occur in the pile length direction due to dry shrinkage, impact and heat shrinkage of the concrete. Insufficient prestress or bending stress during transport handling can cause cracks in pile circumferential direction. Cracks during pile fabrication and pile cracking caused by excessive bending stress during transport are difficult to visually identify defects.
항타 중 선단 지반의 지지력이 증가하고 말뚝 선단슈 두께가 작으면 중앙의 변형이 최대가 되어 말뚝선단 내부가 최대로 변형되고 선단슈의 두께가 크면 말뚝의 외부가 최대로 변형된다. 도 6과 같이 두께가 작은 선단슈의 중앙변형량에 따라 PHC말뚝 선단 내부가 변형되고 변형량이 증가하면 파손된다. If the bearing capacity of the tip ground increases and the pile tip shoe thickness is small during driving, the center deformation is maximized, and the inside of the pile tip is maximumly deformed. As shown in FIG. 6, the inside of the PHC pile tip is deformed according to the center strain of the tip shoe having a small thickness, and is damaged when the amount of deformation increases.
시공 이후 과다한 항타로 말뚝이 파손된 경우 말뚝 동재하 시험으로 파손 정도를 평가할 수 있으나 말뚝의 균열은 평가할 수 없고 동재하 시험을 여러 말뚝에 시행할 경우 비용이 증가하므로 적용이 어렵다. 시공 후 지중의 말뚝의 균열이나 약간의 파손은 확인하기 어렵다.If piles are damaged due to excessive driving after construction, the degree of damage can be assessed by pile load test, but the crack of pile cannot be evaluated and it is difficult to apply the pile load test because the cost increases. Cracks and slight breakage of underground piles after construction are difficult to identify.
말뚝이 균열이나 손상 되였을 경우 장기 지지력이 저하되어 침하가 발생하고 침하는 상부 구조물에 영향을 줄 수 있다.If the pile is cracked or damaged, long-term bearing capacity may be impaired, causing settlement and affecting the submerged superstructure.
본 발명은 PHC말뚝의 제조 과정의 균열과 시공 후 PHC말뚝의 균열과 결함을 말뚝 내부 수위 변화를 측정하여 평가한다. The present invention evaluates the cracks and defects of the PHC piles after the construction process of the PHC piles by measuring the change in the internal water level.
일반적으로 콘크리트 말뚝 주변 지반의 투수계수가 콘크리트의 투수계수 보다 크다. 말뚝 내부로 유입되는 투수량은 PHC 말뚝의 투수계수에 의해 좌우된다.In general, the permeability coefficient of the ground around the concrete pile is larger than that of the concrete. The amount of permeate introduced into the pile depends on the permeability coefficient of the PHC pile.
콘크리트의 투수계수는 골재율 68%, 압축강도 250-320 kg/cm2 일 때 7*10-6~11*10-6cm/sec이다, PHC 말뚝의 설계강도는 800 kg/cm2 이므로 PHC 말뚝의 투수계수는 더 작다. 압축강도와 투수계수(한국도로공사 도로연구소, 콘크리트의 투수특성,1996)(표 2)Permeability coefficient of concrete is 68% aggregate, compressive strength 250-320 kg / cm 2 Is 7 * 10 -6 ~ 11 * 10 -6 cm / sec, the design strength of PHC pile is 800 kg / cm 2 The permeability coefficient of the PHC pile is smaller. Compressive Strength and Permeability Coefficient (Korea Highway Corporation Road Research Institute, Concrete Permeation Characteristics, 1996) (Table 2)
지반의 지하수위가 높은 경우 말뚝 내부의 물을 퍼낸 한 후 말뚝 내부로 들어오는 물의 수위와 시간을 측정하여 투수속도를 측정한다(양수법). 말뚝의 투수계수를 가정하여 투수속도를 계산하고 말뚝의 투수계수를 변화한 계산값과 측정값을 일치시켜 결함이 없는 말뚝의 투수계수를 찾는다. 양수법 계산에 의한 결함이 없는 PHC 말뚝의 투수량과 시간은 수학식 1과 수학식 2와 같다.If the groundwater level in the ground is high, the water inside the pile is pumped out and the water permeation rate is measured by measuring the water level and the time of the water entering the pile (pumping method). Calculate the permeability velocity assuming the permeability coefficient of the pile, and find the permeability coefficient of the pile without defects by matching the measured value and the measured value which changed the permeability coefficient of the pile. Permeability and time of the PHC pile without defects by the pumping method are the same as in
전체 투수량 계산 
예 1)
결함이 없는 PHC 말뚝의 투수계수는 실측 수위와 시간, 투수계수를 가정하여 계산된 투수량과 계산된 시간에서 계산값과 측정값을 일치시켜 PHC 말뚝의 투수계수를 표 4(양수법)와 같이 구한다.Permeability coefficient of PHC pile without defect is calculated as the permeability coefficient of PHC pile by matching measured value and measured value based on measured water level, time and permeability coefficient as shown in Table 4 .
PHC말뚝의 균열이나 파손이 있을 경우 균열을 통한 투수량은 정상적인 PHC말뚝을 통한 투수계수보다(
표 5은 양수법에 의한 계산값과 측정값의 시간과 수위변화(표 6)와 시간과 투수량(표 7) 이다.Table 5 shows the time and level changes (Table 6) and time and permeability (Table 7) of the calculated and measured values by the pumping method.
측정된 수두 시간 그래프에서 변곡점의 시간과 수두를 결정한다. 수위가 결함의 심도이다. 결함의 크기는 결함의 통한 투수계수(Kc)와 결함의 면적(Ac)으로 양수법 계산값과 측정값을 일치시켜 표 7와 같이 구할 수 있다. Determine the time and head of the inflection point on the measured head time graph. The water level is the depth of the defect. The size of a defect can be obtained as shown in Table 7 by matching the calculation method and the measured value with the permeability coefficient (Kc) and the area (Ac) of the defect.
지하수위가 낮은 경우 물을 말뚝 내부로 넣는다(주수법).If the groundwater level is low, pour water into the pile (water tricks).
주수법 계산에 의한 결함이 없는 PHC 말뚝의 투수량과 시간은 수학식 5와 수학식 6과 같다.The permeability and time of the PHC pile without defects by the casting method are as shown in
전체 투수량 계산 
결함이 없는 PHC 말뚝의 투수계수는 실측 수두와 시간, 가정된 투수계수 계산된 투수량과 계산된 시간에서 가정된 투수계수를 변화하여 계산된 값과 측정값을 일치시켜 PHC 말뚝의 투수계수를 표 9(주수법)와 같이 구한다. 주수법에 의한 시간과 수위(표 8)와 시간과 투수량(표 9) 이다.The permeability coefficient of the PHC pile without defect is determined by varying the measured head and time, the assumed permeability coefficient, and the calculated permeability coefficient at the calculated time. It is calculated as (numbering method). Time and water levels (Table 8) and time and permeability (Table 9) by the weekly method.
표 9는 주수법에 의한 계산값과 측정값의 시간과 수위변화(표 11)와 시간과 투수량(표 12) 이다.Table 9 shows the time and water level changes (Table 11) and the time and permeability (Table 12) of the calculated and measured values by the water jet method.
측정된 수두 시간 그래프에서 변곡점의 시간과 수두를 결정한다. 수두가 결함의 심도이다. 결함의 크기는 결함의 통한 투수계수(Kc)와 결함의 면적(Ac)으로 주수법 계산값과 측정값을 일치시켜 표 12과 같이 구할 수 있다. Determine the time and head of the inflection point on the measured head time graph. Chickenpox is the depth of defect. The size of the defect can be obtained as shown in Table 12 by matching the water flow calculation value and the measured value with the coefficient of permeability (Kc) and the area (Ac) of the defect.
PHC 말뚝의 내부에 압력센서나 지하 수위계를 넣어 시간경과에 대한 말뚝내부 수위변화를 측정하고 시간과 압력이나 수위를 기록하거나 저장한다. 최종 지하수위는 시간경과와 함께 수위변화가 없는 압력으로 결정한다.A pressure sensor or an underground water gauge is placed inside the PHC pile to measure the level change in the pile over time and record or store the time, pressure or level. The final groundwater level is determined by the pressure without change over time with time.
지상에서 PHC말뚝의 투수계수 시험시 주수법으로 투수시험을 한다. 지상에서 말뚝을 연직으로 세우고 말뚝 내부 하단에 압력센서를 설치하고 심도를 기록한다. 말뚝 내부에 물을 채운 후 초기 압력과 시간을 기록 후 일정 간격으로 측정한다.Permeability test is performed by water casting method for permeability test of PHC piles on the ground. Place the pile vertically on the ground, install a pressure sensor at the bottom of the pile and record the depth. After filling the pile with water, measure the initial pressure and time and measure it at regular intervals.
매입공법의 천공구멍이 있을 경우 지하수위가 낮은 경우 PHC말둑을 천공구멍에 넣고 주수법으로 하고 지하수위가 높은 경우 양수법으로 천공구멍 내에서 시험한다. If there is a perforation hole in the embedding method, if the groundwater level is low, put the PHC end into the perforation hole, and if the groundwater level is high, test it in the perforation hole with the pumping method.
지하수위가 높은 지반에 시공된 PHC말뚝의 경우 말뚝 내부의 물을 펌프로 제거한 후 압력센서를 하단에 함께 설치하고 설치 심도와 초기시간을 기록한다. 지하 수위가 낮은 지반에 시공된 PHC말뚝의 경우 말뚝 내부의 물을 펌프로 제거한 후 말뚝 내부 하단에 압력센서를 설치한 후 심도를 기록한다. 말뚝 내부에 물을 가득 채운 후 초기압력과 시간을 기록 후 일정간격으로 압력과 시간을 측정하며 기록한다.In case of PHC pile installed on the ground with high ground water level, remove the water inside the pile with a pump, install the pressure sensor together at the bottom, and record the installation depth and initial time. In case of PHC pile installed on the ground with low underground water level, remove the water inside the pile with a pump, install a pressure sensor at the bottom of the pile, and record the depth. After filling the pile with water, record the initial pressure and time, and record the pressure and time at regular intervals.
PHC말뚝 내부의 선단에 선단슈와 콘크리트가 밀착되어 방수가 되지만 prestess의 량이 작거나 항타 후 선단이 파손 되였을 경우 물이 빠지므로 필요한 경우 선단을 같이 방수해야 한다. 주수(注水)법 투수시험시 선단에 물을 빼고 벤토나이트 방수제를 깔고 그 위에 모래로 방수제를 보호한다. 양수(揚水)법 투수시험 시 선단에 물을 제거하고 물과 접촉하면 팽창되고 접착력이 좋은 우레탄을 시공하고 그 뒤에 모래를 두껍게 깔아 물의 투수압에 저항하도록 한다.The tip shoe and the concrete are in close contact with the tip inside the PHC pile to be waterproof. However, if the amount of prestes is small or the tip is damaged after being struck, water is drained. During the Permeation Permeability Test, the end of the water is drained and the bentonite sealant is covered with sand to protect the sealant. In the pumping water permeation test, water is removed from the tip and when it comes into contact with water, it is to be expanded and adhesive urethane is applied, followed by thick sand to resist water permeation pressure.
현재까지 시공 전·후 PHC말뚝의 품질평가 방법이 없어 PHC말뚝의 품질을 확인할 수 없었으나 본 발명으로 PHC말뚝의 품질을 확인할 수 있어 PHC말뚝 제작과 시공의 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있으며 품질을 개선할 수 있다.Until now, there was no quality evaluation method of PHC pile before and after construction, but it was not possible to check the quality of PHC pile. Can be.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0610335A (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1994-01-18 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Method and device for detecting liquefaction of ground |
| KR950032912A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-12-22 | 이명환 | Pile with hydraulic jack for checking construction quality and its construction quality checking method |
| JPH1060935A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-03 | Shimizu Corp | Method of investigating health of underground concrete structure |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0610335A (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1994-01-18 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Method and device for detecting liquefaction of ground |
| KR950032912A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-12-22 | 이명환 | Pile with hydraulic jack for checking construction quality and its construction quality checking method |
| JPH1060935A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-03 | Shimizu Corp | Method of investigating health of underground concrete structure |
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