KR20060067035A - Url service apparatus and method for rfid lookup based object information - Google Patents

Abstract

1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a wireless identification-based IoT information retrieval service apparatus and method thereof.

2. The technical problem to be solved by the invention

The present invention provides a URL retrieval service apparatus and method for linking identifiers and thing information by linking a DNS function in a network configured to record only a minimum identifier in an RFID tag and its related information in a storage structure connected to the Internet. Its purpose is to.

3. Summary of Solution to Invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for retrieving an Internet of Things (IoT) address service, comprising: query message receiving means for receiving a query message containing an identifier stored in an RFID tag from a client; RFID identifier analyzing means for analyzing the RFID identification system from the received query message; Registry management means for storing and managing registration information of the thing information registry; URL information acquiring means for finding the thing information registry related to the analyzed RFID identification system from the registry management means, connecting to the found thing information registry, and searching the Internet address (URL) of the thing information corresponding to the RFID identifier; Response message creating means for removing a duplicate URL from the searched result and creating a response message; And response message transmitting means for delivering the response message to the client.

4. Important uses of the invention

The present invention is used in the field of RFID technology application.

RFID, wireless identification, URL, thing information, search service, thing information registry, thing information system

Description

Wireless identification-based IoT information retrieval service apparatus and method thereof {URL service apparatus and method for RFID lookup based object information}             

1 is an exemplary configuration diagram of a system for retrieving an object information URL in an RFID network environment to which the present invention is applied;

2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for retrieving a thing information internet address (URL) service according to the present invention;

3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a thing information Internet address (URL) search service apparatus according to the present invention;

4 is a detailed flowchart of an embodiment of a method for retrieving an Internet of Things (URL) service according to the present invention;

5 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of a thing information URL search service message used in the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram of an embodiment of a URL information obtainer in a thing information Internet address (URL) retrieval service apparatus according to the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawing

10: RFID Network Environment 11: Client

12: RFID Tag Reader 13: RFID Tag

20: thing information URL search service device 21: query message receiver

22: RFID identifier interpreter 23: URL information acquirer

24: Registry Manager 25: Response Message Builder

26: response message transmitter 30: object information registry group

31: Name Resolution Service 32: XML Registry Service

33: directory service 40: object information system group

The present invention relates to a wireless identification (RFID) -based Internet of Things (URL) retrieval service apparatus and method thereof, and more particularly, to record only a minimum identifier in an RFID tag and manage the related information in a repository connected to the Internet. The present invention relates to a URL retrieval service apparatus and a method for connecting an identifier and thing information by linking a Domain Name Service (DNS) function in a network having a structure.

Here, the RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology, in order to automatically identify the object by using the radio radio waves, the RFID tag reader attached to the object to be identified and the RFID tag reader (RFID Tag Reader) through data transmission and reception using the radio frequency As a technology for providing a non-contact automatic identification method to communicate with the present invention can compensate for the shortcomings of the conventional automatic identification technology barcode and optical character recognition technology.

Conventionally, in order to store object information directly in an RFID tag and an IC chip to utilize RFID technology and configure an RFID network environment, the object information is compressed by using a sampling technique, a wavelet and free transformation technique, or statistical techniques such as clustering and regression analysis. Interest has been focused on the technology of transmitting, but since there are practical technical limitations in solving the cost problem of memory capacity of RFID tag and resource cost problem for complex algorithm processing, recently, only minimal identifier is recorded on RFID tag. In detail, the necessity of a system structure managed by a separate external repository emerged.

As a representative related technology, the US MIT Auto-ID Center proposed an RFID network environment called an EPC (Electronic Product Code) network for product management using RFID tags. The EPC network is an RFID tag, an RFID tag reader, middleware and an object name. It consists of a service (Object Name Service) and PML Server, an information store. In particular, the Object Name Service analyzes the EPC, which is the only identifier on the EPC network, based on the name resolution technology of the Domain Name Service (DNS), and uses it for information location search. However, the thing naming service has a structure that is dependent on a specific identification system called EPC and EPC network components, and its use is very limited.

On the other hand, conventional techniques for integrated management of information in the external storage, name resolution service, XML registry (XML Registry) service, directory service (Directory) service is known representatively, collectively referred to as "registry technology".

First, as an example of a registry description, a name resolution service refers to a system that provides a service or program expressed in another format and closely related information corresponding to a name having a specific format. service) There is a server. Here, the DNS server is used to perform a name resolution from a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) to an IP address or a name resolution from an IP address to an FQDN in an Internet Protocol (IP) network, as specified in RFC1034. In this case, the client requesting name resolution transmits a DNS query message, which is a name resolution request message, to the DNS server, and receives a DNS response message as a name resolution response processed from the DNS server.

Meanwhile, as another example of the registry technology, the XML registry service is generally a 'system providing various services for storing and retrieving metadata such as XML element names, location information, and forms for mutual sharing of XML information'. The representative examples include the e-business eXtensible Markup Language (ebXML) registry and the Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) registry standard. In particular, the ebXML registry is a general-purpose registry for managing various XML information and relational information. The UDDI registry is used as a registry for registration and retrieval of web services.

On the other hand, as another example of the registry technology, a directory service may be regarded as a 'system providing information on a person or a service or a system resource by a client's information provision request, and the representative example is Netscape Directory Services, Novell. Server software such as the Network Directory Service and Microsoft Active Directory are commercially available, providing a typical thematic guideline using a structured directory format to locate the location of resources such as files or devices on the network. do.

The conventional registry technology described above provides a function of searching a storage location of related information by using a specific information identifier. However, each registry technology provides only search and response capabilities for limited network environments or specialized message formats.

For reference, as an example of the prior art related to the present invention, a "name resolution server and packet transmission device (the Korean patent registration) which expands the server configuration for providing a name resolution service, and the general function and the user characterization function for packet transmission has been expanded. No. 2004-0077549, registered on September 4, 2004) (hereinafter referred to as 'first prior art'), wherein in the first prior art, a DNS query message of a user is sent to a name resolution server. By searching the database for responses and creating and sending a response according to the customized name resolution method corresponding to the user attribute, it provides a function to finely customize the name resolution for each user attribute by utilizing the DNS structure.

However, in the light of the present invention, the first prior art mainly focuses on the basic name resolution service function for linking an IP address and a domain name, while the present invention applies the name resolution service function to an RFID network environment. There is a difference in that it focuses on the function of connecting the information of the object with the information.

On the other hand, as another example of the prior art related to the present invention, "The Object Name Service Technical Manual, Version 0.5 (presenting a service framework for connecting the information of the Internet or virtual private network (VPN) using the EPC recorded in the RFID tag ( Beta) (Mit Auto-ID Center Technical Manual, MIT-AUDIO-TM-004, pp1-44. 2002. 2) (hereinafter referred to as 'second prior art'), Although the present invention is somewhat similar in terms of using the RFID network environment and the Internet, the framework proposed by the second prior art is dependent on the identification system and the network component of the EPC. That is, the second prior art is dependent on an identification system called EPC and a database called PML server, and complex conversion algorithms should be added for EPC conversion. Effectively retrieve things information from the system. In other words, the present invention is independent of a specific identification system or a specific information system and has a greater possibility of utilization by comprehensively linking a conventional registry technology.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above problems, the RFID tag records only a minimum identifier, and the related information can be connected to the DNS function in the network consisting of a structure managed by the storage connected to the Internet to connect the identifier and the thing information An object of the present invention is to provide a URL search service apparatus and a method thereof.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood by the following description, and will be more clearly understood by the embodiments of the present invention. Also, it will be readily appreciated that the objects and advantages of the present invention may be realized by the means and combinations thereof indicated in the claims.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thing information internet address retrieval service apparatus, comprising: query message receiving means for receiving a query message containing an identifier stored in a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag from a client; RFID identifier analyzing means for analyzing the RFID identification system from the received query message; Registry management means for storing and managing registration information of the thing information registry; URL information acquiring means for finding the thing information registry related to the analyzed RFID identification system from the registry management means, connecting to the found thing information registry, and searching the Internet address (URL) of the thing information corresponding to the RFID identifier; Response message creating means for removing a duplicate URL from the searched result and creating a response message; And a response message transmitting means for delivering the response message to the client.

On the other hand, the present invention is a method of searching for information Internet address in a wireless identification (RFID) network environment, comprising: receiving an inquiry message containing an identifier stored in an RFID tag from a client, an RFID identifier analyzing step of analyzing an RFID identification system; A URL information acquisition step of finding a thing information registry related to the analyzed RFID identification system, connecting to the found thing information registry, and searching for an Internet address (URL) of the thing information corresponding to the RFID identifier; And a response message preparation and transmission step of removing the duplicated URLs from the searched results, creating a response message, and transmitting the response message to the client.

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the client further comprises the step of obtaining the thing information by accessing the thing information system using the URL information of the response message.

The present invention relates to a thing information URL that informs the Internet location of information associated with an object with a specific RFID tag by interpreting an identifier stored in the RFID tag, using RFID technology for remotely identifying an object and an RFID network environment. The present invention relates to a search service technique, which attempts to solve a problem of limited memory capacity of RFID tags, and recognition rate and recognition speed degradation according to the amount of stored data.

That is, the present invention uses the minimum identifier stored in the RFID tag to overcome the limitations of memory, energy and communication resources according to the characteristics of the RFID tag for the RFID technology and RFID network environment for automatically identifying things. To provide a search service technique that can be connected to a large amount of information on the Internet.

By using the present invention, it is possible to minimize the RFID tag memory usage, reduce the RFID environment construction cost, communication and energy costs, and reduce information recognition time. It can facilitate the storage and sharing of the information.

To this end, the present invention provides a search service scheme that provides a URL (Uniform Reference Locator) for one or more thing information system that stores thing information related to the identifier by using an identifier of an RFID tag to be attached to the thing. present. In addition, the object information URL retrieval service system structure proposed in the present invention is based on an RFID network environment and a public Internet network, and includes a thing information system containing object information and a registry technology for managing the URL, name resolution service and XML registry service. I'm using a directory service.

The above objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, whereby those skilled in the art may easily implement the technical idea of the present invention. There will be. In addition, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that the detailed description of the known technology related to the present invention may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a diagram illustrating a system configuration for searching for an information URL of an RFID network environment to which the present invention is applied.

The terms used in the present invention are defined as follows.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a format that can consistently represent the address of a resource accessible from the Internet.

The thing information system refers to a program that provides information on an object tagged with an RFID tag on the Internet. The type of thing information provided by the thing information system may appear in various ways depending on how it is connected to and expressed on the Internet. For example, when using HTTP, the World Wide Web protocol, things are supported by HTML pages, image files, Web services, Web Service Discription Language (WSDL), programs such as CGI or Java applets, and other HTTPs. It means files.

The thing information system group 40 means that one or more thing information systems exist collectively.

Thing information registry (31 ~ 33) is a kind of database containing the registration information for one or more thing information system, the system that performs the function of specifying the registration information (Discovery) and related information (Discovery) . In general, when specifying a registration information for a system, a program and a service having a common characteristic, and defining a system for discovering related information as a registry, the thing information registry defines a thing information system as a common characteristic. It's a management system. The type of thing information registry included in the present invention includes a name resolution service 31, an XML registry service 32, and a directory service 33.

The thing information registry group 30 means that one or more thing information registries 31 to 33 exist collectively.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the RFID network environment 10, the client 11 uses the identifier recorded in the RFID tag 13 through the RFID tag reader 12 to the thing information URL search service device 20. When the query is requested, the thing information URL retrieval service device 20 interacts with the thing information registry group 30 to retrieve the URL of the thing information system related to the identifier of the RFID tag 13 in the thing information system group 40. Inform.

In order to provide the client 11 with the object information corresponding to the identifier of the specific RFID tag 13, the thing information URL retrieval service device 20 interacts with the object information registry group 30 connected to the public Internet. It serves to retrieve and refine it. In addition, since the thing information may be distributed in various thing information systems on the Internet, the thing information registry group 30 may include the name resolution service 31, the XML registry service 32, and the directory service 33. There may be one or more thing information registries.

2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for retrieving an Internet of Things (URL) service according to an embodiment of the present invention. 30) shows the procedure of creating and sending a response message through interaction.

At this time, the client 11 is a situation in which the identifier of the RFID tag 13 is known as a key value of the query before the inquiry process, which is the RFID tag reader 12 in the RFID network environment 10 of FIG. 1. Means that the identifier is extracted from the data recognized through the radio wave communication from the RFID tag 13.

First, the client 11 transmits a URL search query message to the thing information URL search service device 20 to obtain URL information of the thing information system corresponding to the identifier of the specific RFID tag 13 (201).

Then, the thing information URL search service device 20 receives the URL search query message sent by the client 11, and then provides the thing information provided by the one or more thing information registry existing in the thing information registry group 30. Retrieve the URL of the system (202, 203).

Next, the thing information URL search service device 20 removes duplicated URL information and transmits the processed result information to the client 11 as a response message (204).

Thereafter, the client 11 may access the thing information system 40 using the URL information of the response message to obtain the thing information (205).

3 is an overall configuration diagram of an embodiment of a thing information Internet address (URL) search service apparatus according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus for retrieving an Internet of Things (URL) service according to the present invention includes a query message receiver 21 for receiving a query message containing an identifier stored in an RFID tag from a client 11, and An RFID identifier analyzer 22 for analyzing the RFID identification system from the received query message, a registry manager 24 for storing and managing registration information of the thing information registry, and a thing information registry related to the analyzed RFID identification system. A URL information obtainer 23 for retrieving the Internet address (URL) of the thing information corresponding to the RFID identifier by finding the registry manager 24, connecting to the found thing information registry, and a duplicate URL in the searched result. Response message builder 25 for removing and composing a response message, and sending a response message for delivering the response message to the client. And a 26.

The client 11 receiving the response message from the response message transmitter 26 may access the thing information system 40 using the URL information of the response message to obtain the thing information.

A thing information URL search service process in the thing information URL search service device according to the present invention having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

4 is a detailed flowchart illustrating a method for retrieving an Internet of Things (URL) service according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and a series of procedures in which the IoT information retrieval service apparatus 20 processes a query of a client 11 internally Indicates.

First, when a query message transmitted from the client information URL search service apparatus 20 is received (401), the received query message is transmitted to the RFID identifier interpreter 22. .

Thereafter, the RFID identifier interpreter 22 analyzes the query message and checks whether an identification system for the identifier of the RFID tag is specified (402).

As a result of the inspection, when the identification system for the identifier of the RFID tag is specified, the inquiry message is read, the identification system <a> and the identification number <b> are distinguished (403), and the result is URL information acquirer 23 If not, the process proceeds to step 411 in which a response message is immediately written.

Next, the URL information acquirer 23 uses data <a, b> received from the RFID identifier analyzer 22 to associate with the identification system <a> in the object information registry group registered in the registry manager 24. After checking the thing information registries (404), a list of thing information registries <c []> associated with the identification scheme <a> is obtained (405).

Then, the URL information obtainer 23 determines whether the list <c []> includes one or more registries (406), and if the list <c []> includes one or more registries, the URL information obtainer 23 determines whether the list <c []> includes one or more registries. It is checked whether each belonging thing registry supports the identification number <b> (407).

As a result, if each thing information registry belonging to the list <c []> supports the identification number <b>, the URL information related to the identification number <b> is searched in the thing information registry (408). The URL information is recorded in the search result <d []> (409).

Thereafter, the URL information acquirer 23 inquires (410) all thing information registries belonging to the list <c []> and transmits the search result <d []> to the response message composer 25.

Subsequently, the response message builder 25 removes the duplicated URL information, composes the response message (411), and delivers the response message to the response message transmitter 26. Finally, the response message transmitter 26 sends the response message to the client 11. (412).

In the above process, a message format transmitted and received between the client 11 and the thing information URL search service device 20 will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

From the process in which the client 11 transmits a query to the thing information URL retrieval service device 20, the response message transmitter 26 sends the response message back to the client through each processor in the object information URL retrieval service device 20. 11) all communication in the serial process delivered to the transmission through a single format message as shown in Figure 5, the message 500 consists of the following three parts (501 ~ 503), the contents of some of In some cases, it may be empty.

As shown in FIG. 5, the header section 501 is a part which is always present in the message 500 and has information indicating whether the message is a query or a response and a message unique ID. Here, the unique ID is an ID assigned by the client 11 program that generates an arbitrary query. This ID is copied in the response to the query and used to identify which query the responder is responding to.

In addition, the Question Section 502 is used to carry elements necessary for a query, that is, factors defining what to ask. The Question Section 502 essentially includes an identifier of the RFID tag 13.

In addition, the ResultSet Section 503 is used to express the elements necessary for the response, and zero or one or more URL information according to the identifier of the RFID tag used for the query and the internal processing flow of the thing information URL retrieval service apparatus 20. Contains them.

The message 500 exchanges messages with each other through an independent message communication channel for a query and a response. The message transmission device that plays such a role is called a message channel (601 in FIG. 6). The message channel 612 enables to maintain an independent communication channel for mutual messages composed of a pair of questions and responses in the process of querying and responding between the client 11 and the thing information URL retrieval service apparatus 20.

FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram of an embodiment of a URL information obtainer in a thing information Internet address (URL) retrieval service apparatus according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the URL information acquirer 23 retrieves the information of the registry in the thing information registry group 30 by using the data transmitted from the RFID identifier analyzer 22, and generates a response message generator 24. To pass on.

The interface manager 231 receives data about the identification system and identification number of the corresponding RFID tag from the RFID identifier interpreter 22 through a unique message channel 601, and registers the object information registries registered in the registry manager 26. The object information registry related to the identification system of the corresponding RFID tag is searched (404 in FIG. 4) to create a list (405 in FIG. 4). The interface manager 231 transmits a command to the interface unit 232 to obtain URL information from each thing information registry included in the thing information registry list.

One or more interface units 232 exist in the URL information acquirer 23, and the interface unit 232 has a query format that matches the characteristics of the thing information registry registered in the registry manager 26. In response to the command of URL information acquisition from 231, the interface unit 232 acquires information through interaction with an interface of the thing information registry, and delivers the individual result to the result processing unit 233.

The result processor 233 checks which interface unit 232 is called by the interface manager 231, and receives individual results from the called interface unit 232 for a predetermined time. If there is no response from the interface unit 232 even after a predetermined time, it is assumed that an exceptional situation has occurred in the search processing to the object information registry, and only the individual results accumulated up to now are collected and the response message builder 24 To pass on.

As described above, the method of the present invention may be implemented as a program and stored in a recording medium (CD-ROM, RAM, ROM, floppy disk, hard disk, magneto-optical disk, etc.) in a computer-readable form. Since this process can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art will not be described in more detail.

The present invention described above is capable of various substitutions, modifications, and changes without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention for those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is not limited by the drawings.

As described above, the present invention serves as a medium for connecting the place where the information of the thing is located by using the minimum identifier stored in the RFID tag in the RFID network environment, between the physical thing existing in the real world and the object information connected to the Internet. This has the effect of laying the foundation for solving synchronization problems that may occur.

In particular, the present invention supports the use of detailed information on the object to which the RFID tag is attached through the information storage connected to the Internet while recording only the minimum identifier in the RFID tag, thereby delivering only the minimum information in the RFID tag recognition process. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of communication and energy resources required for this, and to activate information sharing without being restricted by information storage using the Internet.

In addition, the present invention can be easily integrated with various databases and registries having information related to RFID identifiers in a public network environment using the Internet, and can be flexibly integrated into existing information platforms that support name resolution services and XML registry functions. As a result, various functions can provide a component base structure that can be further extended according to application fields.

Claims (13)

A thing information internet address retrieval service apparatus, Query message receiving means for receiving a query message containing an identifier stored in a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag from a client; RFID identifier analyzing means for analyzing the RFID identification system from the received query message; Registry management means for storing and managing registration information of the thing information registry; URL information acquiring means for finding the thing information registry related to the analyzed RFID identification system from the registry management means, connecting to the found thing information registry, and searching the Internet address (URL) of the thing information corresponding to the RFID identifier; Response message creating means for removing a duplicate URL from the searched result and creating a response message; And Response message transmission means for delivering the response message to the client Wireless identification-based thing information Internet address search service device comprising a. The method of claim 1, The client receiving the response message, Wireless identification-based internet information retrieval service apparatus, characterized in that to obtain the thing information by accessing the object information system using the URL information of the response message. The method of claim 1, In a message format transmitted and received with the client, It consists of a "Header Section" containing information about the message itself, "Question Section" containing identifier information of the RFID tag, and a "ResultSet Section" containing zero or more URL information according to the processing result. Wireless identification-based thing information Internet address retrieval service device, characterized in that mutual message exchange for questions and responses. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The RFID identifier analyzing means, And an identification number of the RFID tag and the identification number of the RFID tag by analyzing the identifier of the corresponding RFID tag included in the query message. The method of claim 4, wherein The URL information obtaining means, Wireless identification-based thing characterized in that the registry management means for registering and managing at least one thing information registry corresponding to the identification system of the RFID tag inquires about the name, location and approach of the thing information registry for the identification system. Information Internet address retrieval service device. The method of claim 5, wherein The thing information registry, Wireless identification-based IoT information retrieval service apparatus comprising at least one of a name resolution service, an XML registry service, and a directory service for registering and managing a thing information system related to RFID. The method of claim 5, wherein The URL information obtaining means, Search for the information in the registry in the thing information registry group using the data transmitted from the RFID identifier analysis means and delivers it to the response message creation means, An interface manager to determine which object information registry can be obtained from the RFID using the identification system and the identification number of the RFID; At least one interface unit that obtains a search result through interaction with an interface of the thing information registry according to a query and an access method suitable for various characteristics of the thing information registry; And Result processing unit that collects individual URL search results Wireless identification-based thing information Internet address search service device comprising a. The method of claim 5, wherein The response message creation means, Wireless identification-based IoT information retrieval service apparatus, characterized in that the response message is determined to include one URL search result for one thing information system by determining whether the URL search result is duplicated according to the identifier of the RFID. . In the IoT information search service method in a wireless identification (RFID) network environment, An RFID identifier analyzing step of receiving a query message containing an identifier stored in an RFID tag from a client and analyzing an RFID identification system; A URL information acquisition step of finding a thing information registry related to the analyzed RFID identification system, connecting to the found thing information registry, and searching for an Internet address (URL) of the thing information corresponding to the RFID identifier; And Response message creation and transmission step of removing the duplicated URL from the searched results and creating a response message and sending it to the client Wireless identification-based thing information Internet address search service method comprising a. The method of claim 9, The client receiving the response message accesses the thing information system using the URL information of the response message to obtain the thing information. Wireless identification-based thing information Internet address search service method further comprising. The method according to claim 9 or 10, The query and response message, Wireless identification-based thing information, comprising a "Header Section" containing information about the message itself, "Question Section" containing identifier information of the RFID tag, and a "ResultSet Section" containing zero or more URL information according to the processing result. Internet address lookup service method. The method of claim 11, In the RFID identifier analysis step, the identifier of the corresponding RFID tag included in the query message is analyzed to separate the identification system and the identification number of the RFID tag, In the URL information obtaining step, the name, location and access method of the thing information registry for the identification system is inquired from a registry manager that registers and manages at least one thing information registry corresponding to the identification system of the RFID tag, In the response message preparation step, it is determined whether the URL search results according to the identifier of the RFID is duplicated, and the response message is generated so that one URL search result can be included in one thing information system. Based Internet Information Search service method. The method of claim 12, The thing information registry, And a name resolution service, an XML registry service, and a directory service for registering and managing a thing information system related to RFID.

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