KR20060058346A - Ultrathin, porous and mechanically stable nonwoven fabric, method for producing thereof and it's use - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, chemically and / or thermally bonded, the highest tensile force in at least one direction is at least 15 N / 5 cm, the highest tensile expansion in this direction is at most 35%, the porosity is at least 25%, , A nonwoven material having a thickness of 30 μm or less is described.

The nonwoven material can be used as a separator-material or as a carrier material for thin films.

Description

Mechanically stable, porous ultrathin nonwoven fabric, method and use of the nonwoven fabric {ULTRATHIN, POROUS AND MECHANICALLY STABLE NONWOVEN FABRIC, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THEREOF AND IT'S USE}

The present invention relates to a mechanically stable, porous, ultra-thin nonwoven fabric, the preparation of the nonwoven fabric, and the nonwoven fabric for use as a separator for electrochemical cells such as accumulators, batteries or fuel cells and for reservoirs for electrical energy such as super capacitors. It is about a use.

The electrochemical cell must have a separator that prevents internal short circuits by separating two differently charged electrodes within the cell. For the separator material a set of requirements arises which can be summarized as follows:

1.durability to electrolyte,

2. durable against oxidation;

3. high mechanical stability,

4. less weight tolerance and thickness tolerance;

5. less ion pass resistance,

6. high electron pass resistance,

7. ability to resist solid particles separated from the electrode,

8. Possibility of immediate and spontaneous wetting by electrolyte,

9. possibility of permanent wetting by the electrolyte, and

10. High storage capacity for electrolyte solution.

Fabric surface formers, especially nonwovens made of synthetic fibers, are well suited as separator materials because of their good durability against electrolyte solutions and at the same time high flexibility.

Current alternative materials have only some porosity due to their high density, but there are papers especially for applications requiring an open material. Further alternative materials are thin films, which are limited in the polymer to be used but generally have only low porosity of less than 25% and small pore diameters of less than 0.5 μm. With known nonwoven-products a thickness of less than 20 μm has not been achieved to date. Nonwoven-products with even reduced thickness and at the same time excellent mechanical properties and high porosity are desirable for many new applications.

Nonwovens of this type can be used, for example, as separator-supporting materials in lithium batteries, alkaline batteries, supercondensers or fuel cells and as carrier materials for filter-thin films.

It is known to use nonwovens as carrier materials or support materials for thin films. In this application, when the mechanical pressure is high, the liquid passing through the reinforced film as described above is compressed and filtered.

In such use cases, the following requirements arise for the support material:

여과될 용액에 대한 화학적 내구성

Chemical durability against the solution to be filtered

충분한 기계적 강성

Sufficient mechanical rigidity

"상화성", 즉 대부분 압출 성형-방법으로 제공되는 박막 중합체와 기본 재료의 우수한 접착 특성

Good adhesion properties of the base material with thin film polymers which are provided by " compatibility "

극도로 매끄러운 표면, 그 결과 돌출하는 섬유가 박막을 관통할 수 없다.

An extremely smooth surface, as a result of which the protruding fibers cannot penetrate the membrane.

The specific gravity of each property in the above application is:

Strength >> Homogeneity = Thickness> Structure

Of great importance is the mechanical stability of the support material. Typical values of the highest tensile force are >> 200 N / 5 cm. When using conventional materials, a thickness of 200 μm and a weight per unit area of> 60 g / m ² are obtained.

In such a scheme, since the thin films used have very low pore diameters (typically << 1 μm) and low porosity, the presence of high porosity and uniform pore size distribution of the support material is of secondary importance. Have Therefore, coarse fibers (fineness> 1.5 dtex) are generally used for such materials. The presence of labyrinth-like structures and the presence of small thicknesses of the material are not necessary for such applications.

If a nonwoven is to be used as a support material for the separator, for example in lithium batteries, alkaline batteries and fuel cells, the nonwoven must also meet the above criteria.

In these cases the chemical properties are

a) chemical resistance and oxidation resistance to electrolytes (organic medium in Li-cells, strongly acidic aqueous solutions in fuel cells, strongly alkaline solutions in alkaline batteries) are typically provided at sustained-temperatures up to 70 ° C,

b) The contact should be chosen so that the mechanical limits of the separator are not set or at least only slightly set.

In addition, properties determined by the form / structure of the material,

a) the thickness is less than 30 μm, preferably less than 20 μm (the thickness is linearly involved in the ion passage resistance of the separator),

b) uniform pore distribution and high porosity (the porosity directly affects the ionic passage resistance; thus the porosity of the material exceeds 25%, preferably 45%, ensuring uniform pore distribution In order to achieve a maximum pore size of up to 2.5 times the pore size possible),

c) The small pore size prevents the growth of dendritic protrusions in the battery (this is of course a subordinate role when nonwoven fabric is used as a support material, in which case In general, the inserted gel / paste is responsible for this task; however, for two applications, a maximum pore size of 500 μm should typically be maintained),

d) the pore size is large enough to allow insertion of a paste or gel (in this case the minimum average particle size should not exceed 0.5 μm),

e) a sufficient level of mechanical stability for the assembly of the cell (actually the highest tensile force value of at least 15 N / 5 cm proved to be suitable for industrial processing),

f) the expansion of the material is small when mechanical stress is applied (excessively high expansion value can lead to deformation of the material; in practice it has been shown that the expansion value does not exceed 35% of the maximum tensile force), And

g) should be chosen to enable simple manufacture of separators.

In contrast to the above application as a carrier- or support material for thin films, the specific gravity of each property is as follows:

Thickness >> Porosity = Homogeneity = Structure = Mechanical Strength

It is generally possible to obtain nonwovens having a thickness of <30 μm by calendering various types of fabrication materials. Of course it should be noted that polyolefin fibers with a fiber fineness of 2 dtex, which are used as standard for separator materials in applications, for example, already have a fiber diameter of about 17 μm, ie 50 μm thick material It can only consist of up to three layers of such fibers. Calendering relatively heavy materials from weight per unit area can result in thin materials, but in this case the resulting material can be dense and result in high ion passage resistance.

Thus, if sufficiently high mechanical strength and high homogeneity and narrow pore distribution other than low thickness are essential, the use of nets (materials are overly coarse fibers and therefore pores are too large) and paper (materials are too dense) are less desirable.

Separators in Li-ion batteries are generally microporous thin films, most of which consist of polyolefins. Porosity is relatively low and is less than 25% in size. Therefore, the resulting electrical resistance is high. The porosity does not have apparent ionic conductivity. The use of such thin films as microporous polyolefin-thin films and separators in which at least one surface is laminated with a nonwoven made of polyolefin fibers is described in EP-A-811,479. According to the above description, the polyolefin-nonwoven has a thickness of 30 to 500 μm before lamination.

US-A-5,500,167 describes microporous thin films supported for filtration. A porous nonwoven fabric is used as the carrier. There is no indication as to the thickness of the nonwoven used: however, fibers with a diameter of 20-25 μm are used for the production of the nonwoven. Thus, the resulting nonwoven fabric has a thickness much higher than 50 μm.

US Pat. No. 6,277,282 discloses a thin film device composed of multiple layers for reversible osmosis. One of the layers may be composed of a nonwoven fabric. According to the above description, the thickness of the layer is 50 to 200 μm.

Current ions for Li-polymer-storage batteries (such as in DE-A-199 16 109; DE-A-199 16 043; DE-A-198 55 889 and EP-A-662,250) Thin films made of conductive polymers are used. In preparing the thin film, components dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent are provided on the thin film, and the solvent is evaporated as defined. This is followed by mostly thermal or UV-induced crosslinking processes. Ion conductive thin films produced in this manner have much less pass-resistance than the aforementioned microporous thin films. The thin films, which are generally made of ion conductive polymers, are deposited on the electrode in one continuous step. The problem is in particular the low mechanical strength of such thin films. In manufacture, the cracks can be obtained or completely ruptured. In the first case, irreparable damage appears in later cells, and in the second case the manufacturing process is stopped. Such a thin film is first placed on the flakes which are later removed again, thereby creating a practical solution. The flakes are generally not used more than two times. The waste produced and the associated cost increase may appear when separating the thin film from the flakes; Even in this case, the tearing of the thin film is not an exception.

In JP-A-2000-195,494, a button cell battery is known, among other things, in which a nonwoven-separator can also be used. The nonwoven fabric consists of a polymer that, in addition to a temperature-stable structure-material, expands upon contact with the electrolyte to accommodate the electrolyte. There is no indication as to the thickness of the nonwoven fabric.

JP-A-11 / 176,419 describes secondary lithium cells consisting of multilayer electrode-separator-arrays. The 20-200 μm thick separator consists of a temperature-stable structure-material, in this case a PVDF or PVDF-HFP-mixture. The document describes the excellent properties when the thickness of the nonwoven is 50 to 100 μm. Thicknesses less than 20 μm could not be achieved due to the low burst strength of the nonwovens.

WO-A-00 / 177,875 describes a simplification of the production-process of a secondary lithium-polymer-cell consisting of a multilayer electrode-separator-array. According to the document a thin electrode-material is prepared and the material consisting of an organic solution is laid down on (non-porous) flakes of polyolefin or polyester on paper or very strongly calendered dense polyamide-nonwoven. The "preliminary layer" in this case is used as a treatment measure for the subsequent lamination of the electrode ("strip casting") with the binder. Reference to the structural dimensions of the preliminary layer cannot be obtained from this document.

WO-A-99 / 31,743 describes the deposition of dispersed electrode layers on separator surfaces. Reference to the structural dimensions of the preliminary layer cannot be obtained from this document.

DE-A-25 47 958 describes a thin fibrous nonwoven and a method for producing such a nonwoven by breaking the very bulky and cured nonwoven into thin layers. Nonwovens having a weight per unit area of up to 20 g / m ² are described. Statements about the thickness and mechanical properties of the nonwovens are not available in this document, but bulky and open starting materials are dealt with. Thus, nonwovens made from such starting materials do not have particularly good mechanical properties.

 An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrathin nonwoven fabric having high porosity and mechanical stability.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a nonwoven fabric having the above characteristics and defined pore structure.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-thin nonwoven material that is not only mechanically stable enough to be processed without the use of auxiliary means such as support flakes, but may also be used in an electrochemical cell as separator material.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for such a new nonwoven material.

The present invention relates to a nonwoven material which has a thickness of 30 μm or less, preferably less than 20 μm, and which is chemically and / or thermally bonded, wherein the maximum tensile force of the nonwoven in at least one direction is at least 15 N / 5 cm, Preferably at least 20 N / 5 cm, the maximum tensile expansion of the nonwoven in the direction is at most 35%, preferably at most 25%, and has a porosity of at least 25%, preferably at least 40%.

The nonwoven material according to the invention is extremely thin. By using the selected wet nonwoven material or dry nonwoven material, sufficient mechanical stability as well as the required uniformity of the nonwoven material can be achieved even at low thicknesses. The nonwoven material thus prepared can be used in many applications, in particular in electronic applications.

The fibers constituting the nonwoven material according to the invention may be constructed from different fiber forming materials, in particular fiber forming polymers. The fiber material should be stable in the intended application.

All fiber forming materials can be used. Examples thereof are polyacrylonitrile, carbon, glass, polyamides, in particular polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6, preferably polyolefins and very particularly preferably polyesters, in particular polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.

Usually poly-alpha-olefins are dealt with as polyolefins. The poly-alpha-olefins may be present as homopolymers such as polyethylene or in particular polypropylene or as copolymers such as copolymers derived from propylene and butylene.

Examples of polyolefins are, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene and olefin copolymers produced by Zigler-Natta-catalysts or by metallocene-catalysts.

The fibers constituting the nonwoven material according to the invention can be present as cut stack fibers, as short cut-fibers or as endless filament yarns. The fiber may optionally have a pleated portion. Combinations of a wide variety of types of fibers are also possible.

The nonwoven material according to the present invention may consist of any type of fiber. The diameter of the nonwoven material is usually less than 20 μm, preferably 0.5 to 18 μm, and very particularly preferably 1 to 15 μm. In addition to homogeneous filament fibers, in particular composed of thermoplastic polymers, heterofilament fibers containing at least one polyolefin component, such as mobile filament fibers, preferably bicomponent fibers, may also be used.

Regardless of whether homogeneous filament fibers are present or heterogeneous filament fibers are present, the cross sections of the fibers can be formed circular, oval, corrugated on the surface, in the form of small strips, triangular or polygonal.

The nonwoven material according to the invention can be formed by different deposition methods. As the layer, wet nonwoven materials, carded stacked fiber nonwoven materials, meltblown-nonwoven materials, and spunbonded nonwoven materials can be used in the use of multicomponent fibers.

Nonwoven materials according to the invention typically have a weight per unit area of from 3 to 25 g / m ² .

Particular preference is given to wet nonwoven materials or stacked fiber nonwoven materials.

The fibers constituting the nonwoven material according to the invention were drawn or drafted mechanically or aerodynamically. However, it is also conceivable to mix fibers of the same or different polymer configurations that are only partially drafted or not fully drafted into the drafted fibers.

Particular preference is given to nonwoven materials made using spunbonded nonwoven technology and containing at least one, preferably entirely bicomponent or multicomponent-fiber.

Likewise preferred are nonwoven materials produced using meltblown-technology.

It is also preferred that the nonwoven material contains fibers selected from the class consisting of polyolefins, polyesters, polyacrylonitriles, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polysulfones, carbon, glass and mixtures thereof.

In the case of using fibers made of such materials, in particular polyolefin fibers or polyester fibers, no expansion of the separator occurs at all in contact with the electrolyte. For cells that are not under mechanical pressure or with flexible housings, such expansion is associated with an undesired increase in separator-thickness.

The nonwoven material according to the invention is cured by thermal and / or chemical bonding. In other words, the nonwoven material is bound by bond fibers, melt adhesives and / or chemical binders, and / or the fibers are partially melted by a nonwoven manufacturing method or a nonwoven processing method to form mutual bonds.

The nonwoven material according to the invention has a high porosity (P). Within the framework of the present specification, the following equation is obtained:

P = (1-FG / (d · ρ)) 100

Where FG is the weight per unit area in kg / m ² , d is the thickness in m, and ρ is the density in kg / m ³ .

The maximum pore diameter of the nonwoven material according to the invention is usually 500 μm, in particular up to 300 μm.

Preferred are nonwoven materials having a maximum pore diameter of up to 2.5 times the average pore diameter.

Particular preference is given to nonwoven materials having a minimum average pore diameter of greater than 0.5 μm, in particular greater than 1.0 μm.

Nonwoven materials according to the present invention typically have an expansion rate of up to 35% in at least one direction at the highest tensile force.

The present invention also relates to a method for producing the aforementioned nonwoven material, wherein the method

i) a known wet method comprising the steps of producing a nonwoven material having a weight per unit area, preferably from units of 3 to 25 g / m ² to 25 g / m ² by a dry nonwoven fabric or forming method, and

ii) calendering the nonwoven material to cure the nonwoven material and reduce the thickness.

The fibrous layer obtained in step i) is prebonded by heat and pressure, prior to calendering, by known nonwoven material curing methods, in which case the bonding can be over a partial surface or over the entire surface. .

The method according to the invention is based on calendaring of nonwoven materials. Calendering to make extremely thin nonwoven materials results in compression of the pre-nonwoven material and, in some cases, oxygen welding of fibers or fiber components that are melt activated under curing conditions.

Calendering is accomplished by heat and pressure.

When using polyolefin fibers, calendaring temperatures of 100 to 160 ° C. are typically used depending on the olefin fibers or fiber components used respectively. The calendaring conditions can be very particularly matched to the melting and softening properties of the polymer used in the individual case. In the case of using polyester, for example in polyethylene terephthalate, the calendaring temperature is typically 170 to 230 ° C.

The calendar basically consists of two smooth rollers. In individual cases where a structured surface is desired, one roller may have an embossing pattern.

Oxygen welding is the welding of the associated fiber or a portion of the fiber in a nonwoven material, ie without the addition of additional adhesive.

Thermal curing and correction is effected (in-line) in a nonwoven bonding device or by a calendar consisting of a combination of two rollers of the same material, preferably steel or a comparable high-alloy fabrication material in a separate step. The method which is made is preferable.

In a further preferred method, the thermal curing and correction is carried out (in-line) in the nonwoven forming apparatus or in a separate step with different hardness materials, preferably steel or comparable high alloy fabrication materials and thermally. It is made by a calendar consisting of a combination of two rollers made of stable plastic.

In a further preferred variant of the process according to the invention, the surface of the nonwoven material is preferably prepared by gas phase fluorination, plasma treatment, by grafting polar organic groups to sulfonation or by adding hydrophilic melt additives to the polymer melt. It is provided as permanent-hydrophilic.

The nonwoven material according to the invention can be used as an separator-material or as a separator-support-material in electrochemical cells or energy storage, in particular batteries, accumulators, capacitors and / or fuel cells.

A further use example relates to the use of the nonwoven material according to the invention as a carrier-material for thin films for application to filters.

Such use examples are also subject of the present invention.

The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.

Application example:

The following nonwoven materials / nets were prepared or used (see Table 1):

Example 1: A polyolefin-wet nonwoven material (PP-fibers) weighing 15 g / m ² per unit area, 20 μm thick, thermally cured and then calendered at a linear pressure of 120 ° C. and 50 N / mm PP / PE-core-jacket-fiber; fineness of 2 fibers <1.0 dtex)).

Examples 2-4 Thermally Cured Various Polyester-Wet Nonwoven Materials (Drafted and Undrafted Polyester-Fibers with Various Weights and Thicknesses per Unit Area; (Fiber-Fineness <1.0 dtex or <1.5, respectively) dtex) (see Table 2), in which case the thickness-correction takes place either in-line after the nonwoven arrangement or in a separate work step, in which case the in-line hardening takes place like steel-steel, steel-Scappa or steel-silicon. The rollers were calendered at a temperature of 170-225 ° C. The materials are listed in Table 2. Some of the materials were not calendered in-line, that is, they were run “open”. And then thermally re-established at a further manufacturing step at a temperature of 170-220 ° C. The materials are listed in Table 3. The linear pressures of all materials were in the range of 60-70 N / mm.

Examples 5-6: consisting of polyacrylonitrile-fibers (fiber- fineness <1.0 dtex), thermally fixed by acrylate-binder and then calendered at a temperature of 180 ° C. and a linear pressure of 80 N / mm Wet nonwoven material. See Table 1 for weight and thickness per unit area.

Example 7: Thermally cured, then calendered polyester-dry nonwoven material (drafted and non-drafted polyester-fibers (fibers) having a weight per unit area of 15 g / m ² and a thickness of 19 μm Fineness <1.5 dtex respectively); calendered at a temperature of 225 ° C and a linear pressure of 80 N / mm)

Example 8: Thermally cured, then calendered polyamide-dry nonwoven material (PA66- and PA66 / PA6-2 component-fibers; fiber fineness, weighing 15 g / m ² per unit area and 18 μm thick) Is 1.0 or 1.7 dtex); Calendered at a temperature of 230 ° C and a linear pressure of 80 N / mm)

Comparative Example 1: Spunbonded nonwoven made of polyester, then calendered at a temperature of 215 ° C. and a linear pressure of 80 N / mm (weight per unit area is 14 g / m ² and thickness is 20 μm) Material (fiber diameter is approximately 8 μm)

Example 9: Spun consisting of bicomponent-polyolefin-fiber, then calendered at a temperature of 135 ° C. and a linear pressure of 70 N / mm (weight per unit area is 8 g / m ² and thickness is 18 μm) Bonded nonwoven materials (PP and Co-PP; fiber diameters approximately 10 μm; correspondingly fineness approximately 1.0)

Example 10: Then calendared at a linear pressure of 20 N / mm and a temperature of 130 ° C. (weight per unit area: 12 g / m ² ; thickness: 20 μm), with a fiber diameter of 2 to 3 μm, Spun-bonded nonwoven material made of PP, made with tumble-technology

Comparative Example 2: 150-μm thick polyester-net, calendered at a temperature of 235 ° C. and a linear pressure of 80 N / mm (weight per unit area is 14 g / m ² and thickness of 28 μm)

Comparative Example 3: Then calendered at a temperature of 135 ° C. and a linear pressure of 50 N / mm (weight per unit area is 16 g / m ² and thickness is 30 μm) and has a thread thickness of about 50 μm 180 μm thick polypropylene-net

Comparative Example 4: Then calendered at a temperature of 138 ° C. and a linear pressure of 50 N / mm (weight per unit area is 10 g / m ² and thickness is 20 μm) and has a seal thickness of about 20 μm , Polypropylene-net with fine mesh of 120 μm thickness

Determination of weight per unit area:

The weight per unit area of materials was determined according to EN 29073 T1.

Determination of Thickness:

The thickness of the materials was determined by model EN 20534 (measurement pressure of the test stamp is 10 kPa, provided on the test face of 2 cm ² ).

Determination of Mechanical Strength:

The highest tensile force (HZK) of the fabricated materials was determined according to EN 29073 T3.

Determination of Pore Diameter:

Average pore diameter and maximum pore diameter ("bubble point") were determined according to the regulations ASTM E 1294 (Coulter Porometer).

Table 1: Data comparison of ultrathin nonwoven materials of various manufacturing techniques

Example number Manufacturing method polymer Weight per unit area (g / m ² ) Thickness (㎛) Tensile force (N / 5 cm) Tensile strength-expansion (%) Average pore diameter Pore diameter Porosity (%) One Wet PO 13 20 45 25 70 90 45 2 Wet PES 12 20 30 12 50 65 57 3 Wet PES 10 16 28 10 38 61 55 4 Wet PES 8 12 25 10 42 67 52 5 Wet PAN + Acrylate 12 20 27 12 13 20 48 6 Wet PAN + Acrylate 10 18 20 14 43 65 52 7 deflation PES 15 19 50 24 90 180 44 8 deflation PA 15 18 26 27 160 260 27 VG1 Spun Bonded PES 14 20 12 78 200 400 50 9 Spun Bonded PP + CoPP 8 18 22 27 190 350 51 10 Melt blown PP 12 20 22 15 10 15 34 VG2 Net PES 14 28 45 38 1600 2000 64 VG3 Net PP 16 30 75 85 1200 1400 41 VG4 Net PP 10 20 24 150 650 900 45

The previous examples show that the following manufacturing processes are well suited for the production of one material, which corresponds to the above requirements:

인-라인 또는 추후 캘린더링 된 습식 부직포

In-line or later calendared wet nonwovens

인-라인 또는 추후 캘린더링 된 건식 부직포

Dry non-woven with in-line or later calendared

2성분-섬유로 제조된 다음에 열적으로 경화되는 스펀 본디드 부직포

Spunbonded Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Bicomponent Fibers and then Thermally Cured

그 다음에 캘린더링 되는 멜트블로운 부직포 재료

Meltblown nonwoven material then calendered

According to the present invention, a manufacturing method capable of providing an ultra-thin nonwoven material that is not only mechanically stable enough to be processed without the use of auxiliary means such as support flakes, but may also be used in an electrochemical cell as a separator material. This has been presented.

Claims (15)

Chemically and / or thermally bonded, the highest tensile force in at least one direction is at least 15 N / 5 cm, the highest tensile expansion in that direction is at most 35%, the porosity is at least 25%, the thickness is 30 A nonwoven material, which is μm or less. The method of claim 1, A nonwoven material of up to 20 μm in thickness. The method of claim 1, A nonwoven material, characterized in that a wet nonwoven material with bicomponent fibers in use, a carded stacked fiber nonwoven material, a meltblown-nonwoven material, and a spunbonded nonwoven material are dealt with. The method of claim 1, A nonwoven material, characterized in that it contains fibers selected from the class consisting of polyolefins, polyesters, polyacrylonitriles, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polysulfones, carbon, glass and mixtures thereof. The method of claim 1, A nonwoven material, characterized in that it is bound using binding fibers, melt adhesives and / or chemical binders. The method of claim 1, A nonwoven material, wherein the porosity is at least 40%. The method of claim 1, A nonwoven material, characterized in that the maximum pore diameter is 500 μm, in particular less than 300 μm. The method of claim 7, wherein A nonwoven material, characterized in that the maximum pore diameter is up to 2.5 times the average pore diameter. The method of claim 1, A nonwoven material, characterized in that the minimum average pore diameter is greater than 0.5 μm, especially greater than 1.0 μm. i) preparing a nonwoven material having a weight per unit area of from 3 to 25 g / m ² by a known wet- or dry nonwoven forming method or the spunbonded method according to claim 5, and ii) calendering the nonwoven material to cure the nonwoven material and reduce the thickness. The method of claim 10, Thermal curing and correction is effected (in-line) in a nonwoven bonding device or by a calendar consisting of a combination of two rollers of the same material, preferably steel or a comparable high-alloy fabrication material in a separate step. The manufacturing method characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 10, Two rollers with thermal curing and correction made (in-line) in the nonwoven forming apparatus or in a separate step with materials of different hardness, preferably steel or comparable high-alloy fabrication materials and thermally stable plastics The manufacturing method characterized by consisting of the calendar consisting of a combination of these. The method of claim 10, The surface of the nonwoven material is provided permanently hydrophilic, preferably by gas phase-fluorination, plasma treatment, by grafting polar organic groups to sulfonation or by adding hydrophilic melt additives to the polymer melt. Use of a nonwoven material according to claim 1 as a separator-material or separator-carrier-material in an electrochemical cell or energy store, in particular in batteries, accumulators, capacitors and / or fuel cells. Use of a nonwoven material, using the nonwoven material according to claim 1 as a carrier-material for a thin film for application to a filter.