KR20050102960A - Low heat input welding repair process for ni based superalloys - Google Patents
Low heat input welding repair process for ni based superalloys Download PDFInfo
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- KR20050102960A KR20050102960A KR1020040028302A KR20040028302A KR20050102960A KR 20050102960 A KR20050102960 A KR 20050102960A KR 1020040028302 A KR1020040028302 A KR 1020040028302A KR 20040028302 A KR20040028302 A KR 20040028302A KR 20050102960 A KR20050102960 A KR 20050102960A
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- welding
- heat input
- nickel
- low heat
- weldability
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 fluorine ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/003—Cooling means
Abstract
본 발명은 니켈기 단결정 초합금을 사용해서 일방향 응고 및 단결정 진공정밀주조기술로 만들어지는 가스터빈 블레이드(Blade)의 육성용접기술과 불소이온 세정장치를 이용한 접합 전처리 기술을 제공하기 위한 것이다. The present invention is to provide a growth welding technique of a gas turbine blade made of unidirectional solidification and a single crystal vacuum precision casting technique using a nickel-based single crystal superalloy and a bonding pretreatment technique using a fluorine ion cleaning device.
즉, 본 발명에서는 감마 프라임상의 형성원소 및 용접성을 저하시키는 Al, Cr 및 Ti의 산화물을 불소이온처리공정에 의해 제거 및 고갈시킴으로써 접합부의 용접성을 개선시킬 수 있고, 용체화열처리를 수행하여 모재를 용접성에 가장 적합한 상태로 만들어 용접성을 개선시키며, 또한, 저전류의 저입열 마이크로 용접장치와 용접물을 냉각시킬 수 있는 장치를 병행함으로써 용접부에 대한 방향성 응고 합금의 결정제어도 가능하게 할 수 있는 니켈기 초내열합금에 대한 저입열 용접보수방법을 제공하기 위한 것이다. That is, in the present invention, the weldability of the joint can be improved by removing and depleting the oxides of Al, Cr and Ti, which reduce the formation factor and the weldability of the gamma prime phase, by the fluorine ion treatment process, and perform the solution heat treatment to form the base material. The nickel group which can make the crystallization of the directional solidification alloy for the welded part by combining the low current heat input micro welding device with the device capable of cooling the welded material by improving the weldability by making the state most suitable for weldability. It is to provide a low heat input welding repair method for super heat resistant alloys.
Description
본 발명은 일방향 응고 조직의 니켈기 초내열합금에 대한 저입열 용접보수방법에 관한 것이다. 더욱 상세하게는 니켈기 단결정 초합금을 사용해서 일방향 응고 및 단결정 진공정밀주조기술로 만들어지는 가스터빈 블레이드(Blade)의 육성용접기술과 불소이온 세정장치를 이용한 접합 전처리 기술에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a low heat input welding repair method for a nickel-based super heat-resistant alloy of a unidirectional solidification structure. More specifically, the present invention relates to a growth welding technique of a gas turbine blade made of unidirectional solidification and a single crystal vacuum precision casting technique using a nickel-based single crystal superalloy, and a bonding pretreatment technique using a fluorine ion cleaning device.
종래의 가스 텅스텐 아크 용접(Gas Tungsten Arc Welding : GTAW) 기술은 용접토치에 텅스텐 전극을 끼우고, 용가재를 용해시키면서 용접하는 방법이고, 텅스텐 불활성 가스(Tungsten Inert Gas : TIG) 용접기술은 용융점이 가장 높은 텅스텐 전극과 모재 사이에 아크를 일으키고 용접 중 산화, 질소를 막기 위해 아르곤(Ar)가스로 용접부를 보호하는 용접으로서, 이들 용접 기술은 모두 입열량이 커서 용접 변형 및 용접 균열을 피할 수 없어 예열, 대기 중 고온 노출에 의한 용접부 오염으로 사용에 많은 어려움이 있다. Conventional Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) technology is a method in which a tungsten electrode is inserted into a welding torch and the filler metal is melted and welded. Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding technology is the most melting point. Welding that protects the weld with argon (Ar) gas to cause arc between the high tungsten electrode and the base metal and prevent oxidation and nitrogen during welding, all of these welding techniques have large heat input and can not avoid welding deformation and weld cracking, so preheating However, there are many difficulties in use due to contamination of the weld by high temperature exposure in the atmosphere.
국내의 기술 수준은 불활성 가스 쳄버에서 예열을 수반한 TIG 용접에 의한 육성 용접을 수행하지만, 그 적용 범위도 이전의 다결정 합금에만 국한되어 있으며, 방향성 합금의 용접에는 사용하지 못하였다. Although the domestic technical level performs the welding welding by TIG welding with preheating in an inert gas chamber, the application range is limited to the previous polycrystalline alloys, and it cannot be used for the welding of directional alloys.
미국특허 제 6,048,196호, 제 6,120,624호 및 제 6,333,484호에 의하면, 용접시 예열 및 후열처리를 수행하거나 불활성 가스의 챔버속에서 일반적인 용접 범위에서 플라즈마 용접기를 사용하여 내열합금에 대한 용접을 수행하고 있다.According to U.S. Pat.Nos. 6,048,196, 6,120,624 and 6,333,484, preheating and postheating during welding are performed or welding to heat resistant alloys is performed using a plasma welder in a general welding range in a chamber of inert gas.
니켈기 초내열합금의 석출강화상인 감마 프라임상은 니켈기 초내열합금의 강도와 고온특성을 증진시켜 주는 상이지만, 매트릭스와의 열적 특성이 달라 용접열에 의해 용융된 후 재 응고 시 매트릭스와의 격자 불일치에 의한 잔류응력이 커 연성이 저하되며 결국 용접특성이 감마 프라임상의 석출 밀도에 따라 나빠진다. 이에 따라 본 발명에서는 감마 프라임상의 형성원소 및 용접성을 저하시키는 Al, Cr 및 Ti의 산화물을 불소이온처리공정에 의해 제거 및 고갈시킴으로써 접합부의 용접성을 개선시킬 수 있고, 용체화열처리를 수행하여 모재를 용접성에 가장 적합한 상태로 만들어 용접성을 개선시키며, 또한, 저전류의 저입열 마이크로 용접장치와 용접물의 온도제어를 수행할 수 있는 (가열 및 냉각을 동시에 적용함으로써 용접물의 냉각 속도를 조절하기 위함) 장치를 병행함으로써 용접부에 대한 방향성 응고 합금의 결정제어도 가능하게 할 수 있는 니켈기 초내열합금에 대한 저입열 용접보수방법을 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.Gamma prime phase, which is a precipitation strengthening image of nickel base superalloy, enhances the strength and high temperature characteristics of nickel base superalloy.However, due to the different thermal properties of the matrix, the lattice mismatch with the matrix upon resolidification after melting by welding heat. Due to the large residual stress, the ductility is lowered and the welding properties are worsened according to the precipitation density of the gamma prime phase. Accordingly, in the present invention, the weldability of the joint can be improved by removing and depleting the Al, Cr, and Ti oxides that lower the gamma prime phase forming element and weldability by the fluorine ion treatment process, and perform the solution heat treatment to form the base material. A device that can improve the weldability by making it most suitable for weldability, and can also control the low current low heat input micro welding device and the temperature control of the weld (to adjust the cooling rate of the weld by applying heating and cooling at the same time). The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low heat input welding repair method for a nickel-based super heat-resistant alloy that can also enable crystallization of a directional solidified alloy to a welded portion.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 니켈기 초내열합금에 대한 저입열 용접보수방법은 니켈기 초내열합금, 예를 들면 GTD-111DS, CM-247LC 및 Rene 80H을 사용해서 일방향 응고 및 단결정 진공정밀주조기술로 만들어지는 가스터빈 블레이드의 보수기술에 적용하기 위한 것으로 먼저 불소이온을 이용하여 접합면 또는 용접면의 불순물을 세정하는 접합 전처리 단계, 전류 범위 ~20A 이내의 저전류, 분말의 공급량 0.5 내지 2g/min의 조건하에서 저입열의 마이크로 플라즈마 용접단계; 니켈기 초내열합금의 용체화처리 온도인 1,150 내지 1,200℃에서 약 4시간 동안 10-4 토르 이하의 고진공하에서 열처리를 수행하는 단계 및 급냉시키는 단계로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.The low heat input welding repair method for the nickel-based super heat-resistant alloy of the present invention for achieving the above object is a one-way solidification and single crystal vacuum precision using a nickel-based super heat-resistant alloy, for example, GTD-111DS, CM-247LC and Rene 80H It is applied to the repairing technology of gas turbine blades made by casting technology. First, the pre-treatment step of cleaning impurities on the joining surface or welding surface using fluorine ion, low current within the current range of ~ 20A, powder supply 0.5 to A low heat input micro plasma welding step under a condition of 2 g / min; It is characterized in that it comprises a step of performing a heat treatment under a high vacuum of less than 10 -4 Torr for about 4 hours at 1,150 to 1,200 ℃ the solution treatment temperature of the nickel-based super heat-resistant alloy.
이와 같은 구성으로 이루어지는 본 발명을 다음에서 더욱 상세히 설명하기로 한다. The present invention having such a configuration will be described in more detail below.
본 발명의 니켈기 초내열합금에 대한 저입열 용접보수방법은 니켈기 초내열합금, 예를 들면 GTD-111DS, CM-247LC 및 Rene 80H을 사용해서 일방향 응고 및 단결정 진공정밀주조기술로 만들어지는 가스터빈 블레이드의 보수기술에 적용하기 위한 것으로 먼저 불소이온을 이용하여 접합면 또는 용접면의 불순물을 세정하는 접합 전처리 단계를 실시하는데, 접합 전처리 공정의 사용목적은 니켈기 초내열합금에서 Ti와 Al은 반응성이 커 가장 먼저 산소와 반응하여 산화물을 형성하며, 표면의 오염을 증가시키고, 또한 이들 산화물을 산세정이나 블라스팅에 의해 완전히 제거하고 불활성 분위기의 쳄버 내에서 용접을 수행하여도 용접과정에서 발생하는 고열에 의해 다시 산화물을 형성하게 되므로 용접 품질을 크게 저하시킨다. The low heat input welding repair method for the nickel-based superheat-resistant alloy of the present invention is a gas produced by unidirectional solidification and single crystal vacuum precision casting technology using a nickel-based superheat-resistant alloy, for example, GTD-111DS, CM-247LC and Rene 80H. It is applied to the maintenance technology of turbine blades. First of all, fluorine ions are used to clean the joining surface or the welding surface impurities. The purpose of the joining pretreatment process is to use Ti and Al in the nickel-based super heat-resistant alloy. Reactivity is the first to react with oxygen to form oxides, increase surface contamination, and also remove these oxides completely by pickling or blasting and welding in the chamber of inert atmosphere Since the oxide is formed again by the high temperature, the welding quality is greatly reduced.
본 발명에 따르면, 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이, 먼저 표면의 코팅층을 완전하게 제거하기 위한 쇼트피닝(Shot Peening)과 히트틴트(Heat Tint) 시험을 수행하고, 시험을 통과한 부품에 대하여 불소이온세정 공정을 적용한 후 잔류된 CrF3를 제거하기 위한 진공 열처리를 수행한다. 불소이온세적 공정은 도 2에 나타낸 바와 같이, 25 내지 450℃에서 테프론 분말과 수소가스와 반응시켜 생성된 불소 이온을 Al과 Ti 산화물과 반응시켜 산화물을 환원시키는 테프론 열분해/산화물 환원 단계와 450 내지 760℃에서 테프론의 열분해가 종료되며 Al과 Ti 등의 원소를 발생된 불소 이온 가스와 반응시켜 AlF3와 TiF3등의 불소 화합물로 변환시키는 고온/환원단계 및 950℃에서 분위기를 수소 분위기로 전환시킨 다음 산화물에서 변환된 CrF3을 기화시키기 위한 크롬 환원단계로 구성된다. 불소이온세정 공정을 종료한 후 부품의 표면엔 기화되지 못한 Cr 원소가 표면에 잔류된다. 따라서, 950℃ 이상에서 약 20 내지 30분간 유지하여 진공 처리(Vacuume Brightening) 공정에 의해 기화시켜서 이들을 제거한다. 이에 따라 용접부에서 용접 결함을 발생시키는 Ti와 Al이 접합부에서 제거되고, 이에 따라 표면에서 20㎛까지 Al과 Ti의 고갈층이 형성된다.According to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, first, a shot peening and heat tint test is performed to completely remove a coating layer on a surface, and fluorine ion cleaning is performed on a component that passes the test. After applying the process, a vacuum heat treatment is performed to remove the remaining CrF 3 . As illustrated in FIG. 2, the fluorine ion detailed process includes a Teflon pyrolysis / oxide reduction step of reacting fluorine ions generated by reacting Teflon powder with hydrogen gas at 25 to 450 ° C. with Al and Ti oxides to reduce oxides. Pyrolysis of Teflon is terminated at 760 ° C, and the high temperature / reduction step of reacting elements such as Al and Ti with generated fluorine ion gas and converting them into fluorine compounds such as AlF 3 and TiF 3 and converting the atmosphere to hydrogen atmosphere at 950 ° C And then a chromium reduction step for vaporizing the converted CrF 3 in the oxide. After completion of the fluorine ion cleaning process, Cr elements which are not vaporized remain on the surface of the part. Therefore, the mixture is held at about 950 ° C. for about 20 to 30 minutes, and vaporized by a vacuum brightening process to remove them. As a result, Ti and Al, which cause weld defects in the weld portion, are removed from the joint portion, thereby forming a depleted layer of Al and Ti up to 20 μm on the surface.
불소이온세정 공정에 사용된 테프론의 양은 500~800 그램이며, 수소가스는 분당 5~35 리터로 도 2의 각 공정 단계별로 달리 조절하면서 공급하였다. The amount of Teflon used in the fluorine ion washing process was 500 to 800 grams, and hydrogen gas was supplied at 5 to 35 liters per minute, with different adjustments for each process step in FIG.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 니켈기 초내열합금 부품에서 발생한 균열부에 대한 불소이온세정공정의 결과를 나타낸 사진이다. 균열층에 대한 성분분석에 의하면, Al, Ti의 고온에서 산화 경향이 큰 원소들이 표면에서 완전하게 제거되었고, 모재에서도 어느 깊이까지 제거된 것을 알 수 있다. 도 3은 니켈기 초내열합금의 주요 구성원소인 Ni, Co, Cr, Al 및 Ti 원소의 분포를 이미지 분석한 것으로 검은색 부분은 해당 원소가 감지되지 않는다는 것을 나타내는 것이다. Ni과 Co 원소에 대한 이미지와 달리 Al과 Ti 원소에 대한 이미지에 의하면 균열부보다 더 넓게 해당 원소들이 모재에서 감지되지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 용접시 니켈기 초내열합금의 문제점인 γ' 상{Ni(Al, Ti)3}과 매트릭스와의 열적 부조화에 의한 균열을 억제할 수 있게 된다.Figure 3 is a photograph showing the result of the fluorine ion cleaning process for the cracks generated in the nickel-based super-alloy parts according to the present invention. According to the component analysis of the crack layer, it was found that elements with high oxidation tendency were completely removed from the surface at high temperatures of Al and Ti, and to some depth from the base metal. FIG. 3 is an image analysis of the distribution of Ni, Co, Cr, Al and Ti elements, which are the main elements of the nickel-based superheat-resistant alloy, and the black part indicates that the element is not detected. Unlike the images of Ni and Co elements, the images of Al and Ti elements show that the elements are not detected in the base material wider than the cracks. Therefore, cracks due to thermal incompatibility between the γ 'phase {Ni (Al, Ti) 3 } and the matrix, which is a problem of the nickel-based superheat-resistant alloy during welding, can be suppressed.
본 발명에 따른 마이크로 플라즈마 용접단계는 이전의 플라즈마 용접기술을 개량시킨 것으로, 전류 범위가 ~20A 이내이며, 분말의 공급량도 0.5 내지 2g/min으로 매우 적은 량을 공급한다. 즉, 20A 이하의 저전류가 가능하며, 분말이 토치 내부에서 분무되는 동축 타입의 마이크로 플라즈마 용접기(도 4)를 이용하며 대기 중에서 수행하고, 일방향 응고 조직의 가스터빈 블레이드의 팁 부분을 모재와의 방향성을 일정하게 유지시키면서 육성 용접을 하게 된다. The microplasma welding step according to the present invention is an improvement of the previous plasma welding technique, and has a current range of ˜20 A and supplies a very small amount of powder at 0.5 to 2 g / min. That is, a low current of 20 A or less is possible, and is performed in the air using a coaxial type microplasma welding machine (Fig. 4) in which powder is sprayed inside the torch, and the tip portion of the gas turbine blade of the unidirectional coagulation structure with the base material is The welding is carried out while the direction is kept constant.
또한, 본 발명에서는 종래의 기술과는 달리 용접 전 열처리와 후 열처리가 필요하지 않도록 니켈기 초내열합금의 용체화처리 온도인 1,150 내지 1,200℃, 바람직하게는 1,190℃ 부근에서 약 4시간 동안 10-4 토르 이하의 고진공하에서 열처리를 수행한다. 이에 따라 모재에 연성이 부여됨으로써 용접공정에서 발생하는 변형 및 균열을 최소화할 수 있으며, 용접에 적합한 조직을 만들어 준다.Further, while the present invention is approximately four hours at the solution treatment temperature in the vicinity of 1,150 to 1,200 ℃, preferably 1,190 ℃ for in the prior art and are welded before the heat treatment and after the Ni-based ultra heat resistance alloy, so that it does not require heat treatment, unlike 10- Heat treatment is carried out under high vacuum of up to 4 Torr. Accordingly, the ductility is given to the base material to minimize the deformation and cracks generated in the welding process, it makes a structure suitable for welding.
본 발명에 의하면, 용접과 동시에 블레이드 주위에 강제 냉각장치를 설치하여 용접 과정과 동시에 급냉시킴으로써 용접에서 발생하는 열, 일명 용접열을 동시에 제거시켜 용접부가 재결정되는 것을 막는다. 여기서, 사용하는 냉각 장치는 형상에 따라 모양을 변경시킬 수 있는 고연성 재질의 관을 사용하며, 급수펌프와 냉각수의 저장탱크로 구성되게 하는 것이 바람직하다.According to the present invention, a forced cooling device is installed around the blades at the same time as welding, thereby quenching simultaneously with the welding process, thereby simultaneously removing heat generated in the welding, also known as welding heat, to prevent the weld portion from being recrystallized. Here, the cooling device to be used is a tube of a high ductility material that can change the shape according to the shape, it is preferable to be composed of a water supply pump and a storage tank of cooling water.
첨부 도면 중 도 5는 본 발명의 용접 방법에 의해 형성된 육성 조직을 촬영한 사진으로서 모재와의 방향성을 유지하면서 육성된 것을 볼 수 있다.5 of the accompanying drawings, it can be seen that the image was grown while maintaining the orientation with the base material as a photograph of the growth tissue formed by the welding method of the present invention.
본 발명의 니켈기 초내열합금에 대한 저입열 용접보수방법은 불소이온세정공정에 의하여 접합부의 용접성을 크게 개선시켰으며, 용접전 열처리를 통하여 용접균열 및 변형을 최소화시킬 수 있다. 또한 냉각장치를 통해서 방향성 응고 합금에 대한 결정제어가 가능한 효과가 있다.The low heat input welding repair method for the nickel-based superheat-resistant alloy of the present invention greatly improves the weldability of the joint by the fluorine ion cleaning process, and minimizes the welding crack and deformation through heat treatment before welding. In addition, it is possible to control the crystal of the directional solidification alloy through the cooling device.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 니켈기 초내열합금에 대한 저입열 용접보수를 위한 전체 공정도이다.1 is an overall process diagram for the low heat input welding repair for nickel-based super heat-resistant alloy according to the present invention.
도 2는 불소이온 세척 공정도이다.2 is a fluorine ion washing process chart.
도 3은 불소이온세정에 의한 결과를 촬영한 사진이다.Figure 3 is a photograph taken the result by fluorine ion washing.
도 4는 본 발명에서 사용하는 마이크로 플라즈마 용접장치의 개략도이다.4 is a schematic diagram of a microplasma welding apparatus used in the present invention.
도 5는 마이크로 용접에 의한 육성조직 사진이다.5 is a photograph of growth tissue by micro welding.
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