KR20050095156A - Fuel sell system, stack and bipolar plate used thereto - Google Patents

Abstract

A fuel cell system according to the present invention comprises: a stack for generating electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; A fuel supply unit supplying a fuel containing hydrogen to the stack; And an air supply unit for supplying air to the stack, wherein the stack is formed by an electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) and a bipolar plate disposed on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite. Comprising a laminated structure, the bipolar plate is provided with a plurality of passages on both sides formed by the contact portion in close contact with the electrode-electrolyte composite and the spaced portion spaced apart from the electrode-electrolyte composite, the length of the passage It is characterized in that an opening is formed opposite to both ends of the passage along the direction, and the close contact portion on one side and the spaced portion on the other side correspond to each other.

Description

FUEL SELL SYSTEM, STACK AND BIPOLAR PLATE USED THERETO}

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to fuel cell systems, and more particularly, to stacks and bipolar plates for use in stacks of fuel cell systems.

In general, a fuel cell is a power generation system that directly converts the chemical reaction energy of hydrogen and oxygen or air containing oxygen contained in a hydrocarbon-based material such as methanol or natural gas into electrical energy. This fuel cell is characterized by the simultaneous use of electricity generated by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and its byproduct heat without the combustion process.

The fuel cell is a phosphoric acid fuel cell operating at around 150 to 200 ° C, a molten carbonate fuel cell operating at a high temperature of 600 to 700 ° C, and a solid oxide type operating at a high temperature of 1000 ° C or more, depending on the type of electrolyte used. It is classified into a fuel cell and a polymer electrolyte type and an alkaline type fuel cell operated at room temperature to 100 ° C. or lower. Each of these fuel cells operates on essentially the same principle, but differs in the type of fuel used, operating temperature, catalyst, and electrolyte.

Among these, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC, hereinafter referred to as PEMFC for convenience), which has been developed recently, has excellent output characteristics, low operating temperature, and fast start-up and response characteristics compared to other fuel cells. Using hydrogen produced by reforming gas, methanol, ethanol, and natural gas as fuel, it has a wide range of applications such as mobile power supply such as automobile, distributed power supply such as house, public building, and small power supply such as electronic equipment. Have

Such a PEMFC basically includes a stack, a fuel tank, a fuel pump, and the like for constructing a system. The stack forms the body of the fuel cell, and the fuel pump supplies fuel in the fuel tank to the stack. In addition, the fuel cell further includes a reformer for reforming the fuel to generate hydrogen gas and supplying the hydrogen gas to the stack in the process of supplying the fuel stored in the fuel tank to the stack.

Thus, the PEMFC supplies fuel in the fuel tank to the reformer by operation of the fuel pump, reforming the fuel in the reformer to generate hydrogen gas, and electrochemically reacting the hydrogen gas and oxygen in the stack to generate electrical energy. Let's do it.

On the other hand, the fuel cell adopts a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC, hereinafter referred to as DMFC for convenience) that generates electricity by directly supplying a liquid fuel containing hydrogen directly to the stack. Unlike the reformer can be excluded.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a stack used in a fuel cell system according to the related art in which an electrode-electrolyte composite and a bipolar plate are assembled. FIG.

Referring to the drawings, in the fuel cell as described above, the stack that substantially generates electricity comprises a unit cell consisting of an electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) 11 and a bipolar plate 13. It consists of a structure laminated to several to several tens.

The electrode-electrolyte composite 11 is composed of an anode electrode and a cathode electrode attached to both surfaces with an electrolyte membrane therebetween. In addition, the bipolar plate 13 forms a hydrogen passage 15 and an air passage 17 to supply fuel required for the reaction of the fuel cell and the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of each electrode-electrolyte composite 11. Simultaneously plays the role of a conductor that connects in series.

Therefore, hydrogen gas is supplied to the anode electrode and oxygen or air is supplied to the cathode electrode by the bipolar plate 13. In this process, an oxidation reaction of hydrogen gas occurs at the anode electrode, and a reduction reaction of oxygen occurs at the cathode electrode. The movement of the generated electrons generates electricity, heat and water in the stack.

More specifically, the bipolar plate 13 is provided on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite 11 and the hydrogen passage 15 for supplying hydrogen gas as described above, and the air passage 17 for supplying air including oxygen. ). The hydrogen passage 15 and the air passage 17 are provided with a plurality of ribs 18 protruding at random intervals with respect to both sides of the bipolar plate 13 so as to be in close contact with both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite 11. It is formed by a channel 19 which is a space between the ribs 18 spaced apart on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite 11. Each of the hydrogen passages 15 and the air passages 17 are located corresponding to each other with a barrier portion a of a predetermined thickness interposed on both sides of the bipolar plate 13.

Such bipolar plate 13 is generally made of graphite or carbon composite material. Since the above materials have inherent properties of permeation of gas, the hydrogen gas passing through the hydrogen passage 15 is There is a fear that it will penetrate through the air passage 17 through one barrier portion a and mix with air. In this field, the above-mentioned problem is solved by maintaining the thickness of the barrier part (a) at 0.4 mm or more according to the experience value or the experimental value.

However, since the bipolar plate 13 according to the related art is provided such that the hydrogen passage 15 and the air passage 17 correspond to each other based on the barrier portion a as described above, the thickness of the barrier portion a Due to the constraints of the present invention, there is a limit in reducing the total thickness A of the bipolar plate 13.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a fuel cell system capable of compactly implementing a stack size by improving the structure of the hydrogen passage and the air passage so that the thickness of the bipolar plate becomes thin. have.

In order to achieve the above object, a fuel cell system according to the present invention includes a stack for generating electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; A fuel supply unit supplying a fuel containing hydrogen to the stack; And an air supply for supplying air to the stack,

The stack is made of a laminated structure by an electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) and a bipolar plate disposed on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite,

The bipolar plate has a plurality of passages on both sides formed by a close contact portion in close contact with the electrode-electrolyte composite and a spaced portion spaced apart from the electrode-electrolyte composite, and along the longitudinal direction of the passage. It is characterized in that the opening is formed opposite to both ends, and the close contact portion on one side and the spaced portion on the other side correspond to each other.

In the fuel cell system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the spaced portion of the one side is a hydrogen passage and the spaced portion of the other side is an air passage. In this case, the bipolar plate is arranged such that the hydrogen passage and the air passage face each other with the electrode-electrolyte composite at the center.

In the fuel cell system according to the present invention, the bipolar plate is preferably arranged in a direction in which the hydrogen passage and the air passage are parallel to each other, specifically, the hydrogen passage and the air passage with respect to the body of the bipolar plate. It may be arranged in a horizontal direction, the hydrogen passage and the air passage may be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the body of the bipolar plate.

In the fuel cell system according to the present invention, the bipolar plate may be formed of ribs protruding from the body at arbitrary intervals, and the spacers may be formed of channels disposed between the ribs.

In the fuel cell system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the cross-sectional shape of the passage perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passage is rectangular, trapezoidal, or semicircular.

In the fuel cell system according to the present invention, the bipolar plate is made of a carbon composite material, and the passage may be formed by compression molding the carbon composite material. Furthermore, the bipolar plate may be made of a metal material, and the passage may be formed by compression molding the metal material.

In addition, the fuel cell system according to the present invention, the stack comprises: a nozzle member connected to one end of each of the hydrogen passage and the air passage for injecting hydrogen gas and air into the hydrogen passage and the air passage; And a recovery member connected to the other ends of the respective hydrogen passages and the air passages to recover the remaining hydrogen gas and air from the electrode-electrolyte composite while passing through the respective passages.

In the fuel cell system according to the present invention, a reformer for reforming the fuel supplied from the fuel supply unit to generate hydrogen gas may be disposed between the stack and the fuel supply unit and connected to the fuel supply unit and the stack. In this case, the fuel cell system is made of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) method. Alternatively, the fuel cell system according to the present invention may be made of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) method.

In order to achieve the above object, a stack of a fuel cell system according to the present invention is mounted on an electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) and a bipolar plate disposed on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite. Made of laminated structure,

The bipolar plate has a plurality of passages on both sides formed by a close contact portion in close contact with the electrode-electrolyte composite and a spaced portion spaced apart from the electrode-electrolyte composite, and along the longitudinal direction of the passage. It is characterized in that the opening is formed opposite to both ends, and the close contact portion on one side and the spaced portion on the other side correspond to each other.

In the stack of the fuel cell system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the spaced portion of one side is a hydrogen passage and the spaced portion of the other side is an air passage. In this case, the bipolar plate is arranged such that the hydrogen passage and the air passage face each other with the electrode-electrolyte composite at the center.

In addition, in the stack of the fuel cell system according to the present invention, the bipolar plate may be formed of ribs protruding from the body at any interval from the body, the spacer portion may be formed of a channel disposed between the ribs. have.

In order to achieve the above object, a bipolar plate according to the present invention is disposed on both sides of an electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) and the electrode-electrolyte composite to constitute a unit cell of a stack for a fuel cell. A bipolar plate, comprising: a body; And a hydrogen passage and an air passage respectively disposed on both sides of the body, wherein the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passages is formed in a meander shape.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the system 100 reforms a hydrogen-containing fuel to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and directly converts chemical energy generated by electrochemically reacting the reformed gas with oxygen to electrical energy. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) method may be employed.

The fuel cell system 100 basically generates electricity by converting the reformer 20 generating the reformed gas and the chemical reaction energy of the reformed gas and oxygen generated by the reformer 20 into electrical energy. It includes a stack 30, a fuel supply unit 40 for supplying the fuel to the reformer 20, and an air supply unit 50 for supplying air to the stack 30.

Substantial fuel for generating electricity in the fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention further includes water and oxygen in addition to a fuel containing hydrocarbons such as methanol, ethanol, natural gas, or hydrogen-based hydrogen. .

In addition, the system 100 may supply electricity to the stack 10 of reformed gas and air generated by the reformer 20 to generate electricity by the electrochemical reaction of the reformed gas and oxygen contained in the air. . Alternatively, the system 100 may supply separately stored oxygen gas and reformed gas from the reformer 20 to the stack 30 to generate electrical energy by their electrochemical reaction. However, below, the latter example which uses air as it is as oxygen for electricity generation is demonstrated.

In addition, the fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention may employ a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) method capable of producing electricity by directly supplying a fuel containing hydrogen to the stack 30. have. This direct methanol fuel cell fuel cell, unlike the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, does not require the reformer 20 shown in FIG. However, hereinafter, the fuel cell system 100 employing the polymer electrolyte fuel cell method is described as an example for convenience, and the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.

The reformer 20 described above is an apparatus that not only reforms a liquid fuel into hydrogen gas for generating electricity of the stack 30 by the reforming reaction, but also reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reforming gas. Typically, the reformer 20 includes a reforming unit for reforming a liquid fuel to generate a hydrogen-rich reforming gas, and a carbon monoxide reduction unit for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide from the reforming gas. The reforming unit converts the fuel into hydrogen-rich reforming gas through catalytic reactions such as steam reforming, partial oxidation or autothermal reaction. The carbon monoxide reducing unit reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide from the reformed gas by a method such as a catalytic reaction such as a water gas conversion method, a selective oxidation method, or purification of hydrogen using a separator.

The fuel supply unit 40 is connected to the reformer 20, and includes a fuel tank 41 for storing liquid fuel and a fuel pump 43 connected to the fuel tank 41. The fuel pump 43 has a function of discharging the liquid fuel stored in the fuel tank 41 from the inside of the tank by a predetermined pumping force.

The air supply unit 50 is installed in connection with the stack 30, and has an air pump 51 that can suck air with a predetermined pumping force and supply the air to the stack 30.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the stack illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a combined perspective view of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the assembled electrode-electrolyte composite and the bipolar plate illustrated in FIG. 2. .

1 to 4, a stack 30 applied to the present system 100 generates a plurality of electricity generating an electrical energy by inducing an oxidation / reduction reaction of the reformed gas and air through the reformer 20. The generator 31 is provided.

Each electricity generating unit 31 refers to a cell of a minimum unit for generating electricity, an electrode-electrolyte assembly for oxidizing / reducing oxygen in the reformed gas and air generated by the reformer 20 (Membrane Electrode assembly: MEA) 32 and a bipolar plate 36 for supplying the reforming gas and air to the electrode-electrolyte composite 32.

The electricity generation unit 31 forms a single stack by placing the bipolar plate 36 on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 at the center thereof. A stack 30 of laminated structure is formed. And the outermost end of the stack 30 is the end plate 33 is in close contact with the plurality of electricity generating unit 31.

The electrode-electrolyte composite 32 has an anode electrode 32a and a cathode electrode 32b on both surfaces, and an electrolyte membrane 32c between the two electrodes 32a and 32b.

The anode electrode 32a forming one surface of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 is a portion to which hydrogen gas is supplied through the bipolar plate 36. The anode layer 32a receives a hydrogen gas through a gas diffusion layer (GDL). Is supplied, the hydrogen gas is oxidized in the catalyst layer, the converted electrons are taken out to generate an electric current by the flow of the electrons, and the hydrogen ions are transferred to the cathode electrode 32b through the electrolyte membrane 32c. .

In addition, the cathode electrode 32b, in which the hydrogen ions generated at the anode electrode 32a is moved through the electrolyte membrane 32c, is a portion in which oxygen-containing air is supplied through the bipolar plate 36. Air is supplied to the catalyst layer through the diffusion layer, and oxygen is reduced in the catalyst layer to convert oxygen ions into water together with the hydrogen ions.

The electrolyte membrane 32c is formed of a solid polymer electrolyte having a thickness of 50 to 200 µm, and moves hydrogen ions generated in the catalyst layer of the anode electrode 32a to the catalyst layer of the cathode electrode 32b to form the cathode electrode 32b. It combines with oxygen ions to enable ion exchange to produce water.

Bipolar plate 36 according to an embodiment of the present invention is a body 36a, a plurality of passages (37, 38) formed by the contact portion and the spaced portion in close contact with both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 Both sides of the body 36a are provided. And, unlike the conventional bipolar plate 36, the contact portion of one side of the body 36a and the corresponding spaced portion of the other side corresponding to each other is configured to correspond to each other.

Here, the contact portion refers to a plurality of ribs 39a protruding at an arbitrary interval with respect to both sides of the bipolar plate body 36a, and the separation portion is a channel 39b which is a space between the ribs 39a. ). Thus, the bipolar plate 36 has a shape in which the ribs 39a on either side of the body 36 and the channels 39b on the other side corresponding thereto are positioned corresponding to each other.

The passages 37 and 38 are passages for supplying hydrogen gas and air necessary for the oxidation / reduction reaction from the anode electrode 32a and the cathode electrode 32b of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32, that is, the hydrogen passage ( 37 and an air passage 38, respectively.

Each hydrogen passage 37 and air passage 38 are connected to the channel 39b between the ribs 39a and the ribs 39a, which are in close contact with both surfaces thereof with the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 therebetween. It can be formed by. That is, the hydrogen passage 37 is formed by the ribs 39a positioned on either side of the bipolar plate body 36a in close contact with the anode electrode 32a of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32. It can be formed by the channel 39b between. The air passage 38 is formed between the ribs 39a with the ribs 39a positioned on the other side of the bipolar plate body 36a in close contact with the cathode electrode 32b of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32. It can be formed by the channel (39b) of.

The bipolar plate 36 arranges the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 in parallel with each other in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the body 36a as shown in the drawing. The present invention is not limited thereto, and may be disposed in parallel to each other in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) with respect to the body 36a.

At this time, the bipolar plate 36 is disposed such that the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 face each other with the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 at the center. The hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 form openings 37a and 38a disposed opposite to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the passages 37 and 38.

Specifically, the bipolar plate 36 is in close contact with both surfaces of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 to form the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38, and thus the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 are described above. Are alternately positioned along the vertical direction of the body 36a, and the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 are positioned opposite to each other with respect to the electrode-electrolyte composite 32.

Therefore, the bipolar plate 36 according to the present embodiment can form the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 by being in close contact with both surfaces of the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 while having the above structure. It is relatively thinner than bipolar plates having the same structure.

On the other hand, in the bipolar plate 36 according to the present embodiment having the above structure, the carbon composite material is compression molded to form the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38. That is, it may be manufactured by compression molding the powdered carbon composite material using a pair of molds corresponding to the overall shape of the bipolar plate 36.

In addition, in the bipolar plate 36 according to the present embodiment, a conductive metal plate may be compression molded to form the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38. That is, the metal plate may be manufactured by bending the metal plate using a pair of press mechanisms corresponding to the overall shape of the bipolar plate 36.

Alternatively, the bipolar plate 36 according to the present embodiment may etch both sides of a plate made of a general graphite material to form the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 described above.

In the present embodiment, the bipolar plate 36 has a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passages 37 and 38 in a meander shape, and the cross-sectional shapes of the passages 37 and 38 are approximately square. Is done. The cross-sectional thickness of the ribs 39a forming the passages 37 and 38 preferably satisfies 0.4 mm or more in accordance with empirical or experimental values in the art. This is because when the bipolar plate 36 is made of graphite or carbon composite material as described above, since the material has a gas permeation property of allowing gas to pass therethrough, the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage have a thickness of 0.4 mm or more. This is to prevent the gas passing through the 38 from penetrating through the rib 39 to the neighboring electrode-electrolyte composite 32.

Thus, in the bipolar plate 36 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the ribs 39a and the channels 39b for forming the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 correspond to each other on both sides of the body 36a. In order to satisfy the constraints according to the inherent gas permeation characteristics of the conventional material, a thickness thinner than the conventional bipolar plate thickness (A) Have A). That is, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the overall thickness of the bipolar plate 36 can be reduced to about 60% of the thickness of the conventional bipolar plate 13 (see FIG. 1).

Accordingly, when the plurality of electricity generating units 31 including the bipolar plate 36 and the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 having the above structure are stacked to form the stack 30 according to the present invention, the stack 30 The overall thickness of) can be realized compactly.

Meanwhile, a nozzle member for injecting hydrogen gas and air into each of the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 of the bipolar plate 36 in the stack 30 formed by stacking the plurality of electricity generating units 31 as described above. 70 and a recovery member 80 for recovering the remaining hydrogen gas and air after the hydrogen gas and air have reacted in the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 while passing through the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38. ) Can be installed.

The nozzle member 70 is connected to the reformer 20 so as to inject hydrogen gas generated from the reformer 20 into the hydrogen passage 37 of the bipolar plate 36, and an air pump ( 51 is connected to the air inlet 72 is formed to inject the air sucked through the air pump 51 into the air passage 38 of the bipolar plate 36. The nozzle member 70 is connected to one end of each of the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 to inject hydrogen gas into the hydrogen passage 37 and to inject air into the air passage 38. Holes (not shown) are formed.

The recovery member 80 passes the unreacted hydrogen gas outlet 81 and the air passage 38 to recover and discharge the remaining hydrogen gas from the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 while passing through the hydrogen passage 37. An unreacted air outlet 82 is formed to recover and discharge remaining air from the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 while passing through. The recovery member 80 is connected to the other end of each of the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage 38 to recover the unreacted hydrogen gas discharged through the hydrogen passage 37, and through the air passage 38. A plurality of recovery holes (not shown) for recovering the discharged unreacted air are formed.

According to the fuel cell system 100 of the present invention as described above, the hydrogen gas generated in the reformer 20 and the air pumped by the air pump 51 are supplied through the hydrogen passage 37 and the air passage through the nozzle member 70. Supplied to one side openings 37a and 38a of 38, respectively. In the other openings 37a and 38a of each of the passages 37 and 38, an electrochemical reaction occurs in the electrode-electrolyte composite 32 and the remaining hydrogen gas and air remaining through the recovery member 80 are discharged.

5A and 5B are planar views showing a modified example of the bipolar plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5A, as a first variant of the bipolar plate 36 for an embodiment of the present invention, the bipolar plate 36 has a meandering cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passages 37 and 38. Based on the shape, the cross-sectional shape of the passages 37 and 38 formed by the ribs 39a and the channels 39b may be formed in a trapezoidal shape.

Referring to FIG. 5B, as a second variant of the bipolar plate 36 for the embodiment of the present invention, the bipolar plate 36 has a meandering cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passages 37 and 38. Based on the shape, the cross-sectional shape of the passages 37 and 38 formed by the ribs 39a and the channels 39b may be semicircular.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the claims and the detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. Naturally, it belongs to the scope of the invention.

As described above, the fuel cell system according to the present invention can reduce the thickness of the bipolar plate by improving the structure of the hydrogen passage and the air passage of the bipolar plate for supplying hydrogen gas and oxygen necessary for electricity generation. There is an effect that the overall thickness of the stack consisting of the electrode-electrolyte composite can be compactly implemented.

1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the stack shown in FIG. 1.

3 is a perspective view of the combination of FIG.

4 is a partial cross-sectional configuration of the electrode-electrolyte composite and the bipolar plate shown in FIG.

5A and 5B are cross-sectional views illustrating a modified example of the bipolar plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a stack used in a fuel cell system according to the related art in which an electrode-electrolyte composite and a bipolar plate are assembled. FIG.

Claims (21)

A stack for generating electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; A fuel supply unit supplying a fuel containing hydrogen to the stack; And An air supply for supplying air to the stack, The stack is made of a laminated structure by an electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) and a bipolar plate disposed on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite, The bipolar plate, A plurality of passages are formed on both sides of the contact portion in close contact with the electrode-electrolyte composite and the spaced portion spaced apart from the electrode-electrolyte composite, and disposed opposite to both ends of the passage along the longitudinal direction of the passage. A fuel cell system having an opening to be formed, wherein the contact portion on one side and the spaced portion on the other side correspond to each other. The method of claim 1, The passage is a fuel cell system, characterized in that the spaced portion of the one side is a hydrogen passage, the spaced portion of the other side is an air passage. The method of claim 2, And the bipolar plate is arranged such that the hydrogen passage and the air passage face each other with the electrode-electrolyte composite at the center. The method of claim 2, And the hydrogen passage and the air passage are arranged in parallel directions to each other. The method of claim 4, wherein And the hydrogen passage and the air passage are arranged in a horizontal direction with respect to the body of the bipolar plate. The method of claim 4, wherein And the hydrogen passage and the air passage are disposed in a direction perpendicular to the body of the bipolar plate. The method of claim 1, The bipolar plate is a fuel cell system for forming the close contact portion formed in the ribs protruding at any interval from the body, the separation portion is formed by a channel disposed between the ribs. The method of claim 1, And a cross-sectional shape of the passage perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passage is rectangular. The method of claim 1, A cross section of the passage perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passage has a trapezoidal shape. The method of claim 1, And a cross-sectional shape of the passage perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passage is semi-circular. The method of claim 1, The bipolar plate is made of a carbon composite material, the fuel cell system to form the passage by compression molding the carbon composite material. The method of claim 1, The bipolar plate is made of a metal material, the fuel cell system for forming the passage by compression molding the metal material. The method of claim 2, The stack is: A nozzle member connected to one end of each of the hydrogen passage and the air passage to inject hydrogen gas and air into the hydrogen passage and the air passage; And A recovery member connected to the other ends of the respective hydrogen passages and the air passages to recover the remaining hydrogen gas and air from the electrode-electrolyte composite while passing through the respective passages; Fuel cell system comprising a. The method of claim 1, And a reformer arranged between the stack and the fuel supply unit to generate hydrogen gas by reforming the fuel supplied from the fuel supply unit and connected to the fuel supply unit and the stack. The method according to claim 1 or 14, The fuel cell system is a fuel cell system comprising a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) method. The method of claim 1, The fuel cell system is a fuel cell system comprising a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system. It consists of a laminated structure by an electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) and a bipolar plate (Bipolar Plate) disposed on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite, The bipolar plate, A plurality of passages are formed on both sides of the contact portion in close contact with the electrode-electrolyte composite and the spaced portion spaced apart from the electrode-electrolyte composite, and disposed opposite to both ends of the passage along the longitudinal direction of the passage. A stack of fuel cell systems, the openings being formed, wherein the contact portion on one side and the spacing portion on the other side correspond to each other. The method of claim 17,  The passage is a stack of a fuel cell system, characterized in that the spaced portion of one side is a hydrogen passage, the spaced portion of the other side is an air passage. The method of claim 18, And the bipolar plate is arranged such that the hydrogen passage and the air passage face each other with the electrode-electrolyte composite at the center. The method of claim 17, The bipolar plate is a stack of the fuel cell system forming the close contact portion formed in the ribs protruding at any interval from the body, and the separation portion is formed into a channel disposed between the ribs. In the electrode-electrolyte assembly (MEA) and the bipolar plate disposed on both sides of the electrode-electrolyte composite to form a unit cell of a stack for a fuel cell, Body; And Hydrogen passage and air passage respectively disposed on both sides of the body Including, A bipolar plate in which a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passages has a meander shape.