KR20050081198A - Process and graphic simulation method for planning and construction processes - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to perform the construction process through the simulation during the construction planning of the construction work, to select the optimal construction equipment combination, establish the equipment operation plan, review the constructability, and solve the uncertainty of the construction work and to efficiently operate it. To provide a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a process modeling process including a process modeling step of constructing a mathematical / statistical simulation model for a construction process, obtaining a result for each event of the constructed model, and analyzing the result to obtain desired data. And a graphic modeling step of generating a graphic object through a visualization program, a script generation step of instructing the operation of the graphic object for graphic simulation, and a step of visualizing the movement of the graphic object using the data as a script input value. To provide a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for a construction project including a graphic simulation process.

Description

Process and Graphic Simulation Method for Planning and Construction Processes

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a simulation method, and more particularly, to a process / graphic integrated simulation method that enables visualization of a simulation in a construction project.

In general, 3D graphic simulation can be very useful for the construction plan of construction work, but there are limitations in application depending on the type of equipment and work.

For example, in the case of pick-and-place construction process, lifting a fixed object with a geometric shape at a fixed position such as a crane, graphic simulation using a 3D model is a very powerful tool. . This is because geometric analysis is most important when making decisions about the location of cranes, the choice of crane type, and the number of cranes.

In addition, in case of constructing a large number of members in a narrow space such as plumbing of a plant facility, the problem of determining which part is to be constructed first using equipment such as a construction manipulator and the geometry of the equipment accordingly This is because it leads to a problem of establishing a general operation plan.

However, when dealing with atypical objects such as earthwork, there is a limit to the application of graphic simulation.

For example, in the case of earthwork, it is possible to modify the graphic model of the original ground for simulation of the operation of the dozer, excavator, dump, etc., which is a combination of equipment, and to roughly visualize the changed ground shape after the work, but the soil conditions that change greatly Considering the complex interaction between soil and soil and equipment, it is difficult to analyze the method of accurately calculating the amount of excavated soil using a graphic model.

In this case, the mathematical / statistical process simulation, which analyzes the productivity of the whole process based on numerical data such as working time, waiting time, and working capacity of the equipment used, has an advantage. Mathematical / statistical simulation is very limited in the construction field due to the difficulty of building a process model.

Recently, a variety of researches have been made on methods that can facilitate modeling.

Nevertheless, the numerical results of computer simulations present significant difficulties in convincing construction decision makers.

To overcome this, Huang et al. Attempted to visually verify this by changing the color of each node in the process model according to the change of time and working state during the simulation. [Huang and Halpin 1993]

If mathematical / statistical simulation results that are represented numerically can be shown as the movement of materials and the flow of materials using 3D graphic animation, this expands the capabilities of graphical simulation and compensates for the critical weaknesses of mathematical / statistical simulation. It is. Kamat and Martinez worked on this subject to develop a system for visualizing the results of mathematical / statistical simulations in three-dimensional graphics. [Kamat and Martinez 2001]

In addition, current construction graphics simulation systems do not include models that take into account the physical properties of construction equipment or materials. In order to express the construction process realistically through graphic simulation, it is necessary to analyze physical properties such as load, speed and acceleration of equipment and materials. Hendrickson and Rehak propose the need for physical models for virtual reality construction simulations [Hendrickson and Rehak 1993], and Beliveau and Dal address the theoretical fundamentals needed to incorporate physical models into construction equipment simulations. [Beliveau and Dal 1994]

However, a complex and time-consuming modeling process that takes into account physical phenomena such as equipment deformation, ground conditions, and weather conditions is required. Since real-time analysis is not available, graphic simulations reflecting physical models are unrealistic. Despite the difficulties associated with this physical modeling, there are cases where it can be reasonably described only when the physical characteristics are considered at the same time as in the construction process such as crane work. Oscillation of cables and materials that appear when the crane boom is moved should be considered for improved workability and safety of work.

Currently, construction graphic simulation systems do not include models that take these physical characteristics into account. There are several studies on the propulsion of crane cables. Abdel-Rahman et al. Have summarized studies on physical modeling of crane cables and demonstrated control methods [Abdel-Rahman et al. 2003]

Chin et al. Attempted to mathematically analyze the dynamic behavior of crane cables by using a compound coordinate system [Chin et al. 1998]. In addition, Jerman et al.'S study takes into account the physical characteristics involved in the dynamic behavior of tower cranes, noting that the Lagrange equation was used to model the motion. [Jerman et al. 2004]

Therefore, the present inventors overcome the limitations of the process simulation and the graphic simulation in the above-mentioned construction process to secure reliability through the visualization of the process simulation results and to implement a graphic simulation similar to the reality considering physical characteristics. An attempt was made to develop a process / graphic integrated simulation method.

The present invention has been made under the above-described attempt, the object of the present invention is to perform the construction process through the simulation at the time of construction planning of the construction of the optimal construction equipment combination, equipment operation plan, review of construction and construction work It is to provide a process / graphic integrated simulation method for construction that can solve the uncertainty and operate it efficiently.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work in which the output of the process simulation can be analyzed and the result can be represented by graphic visualization even in the construction of the atypical object.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a process / graphic integrated simulation method for construction that enables a more realistic and accurate simulation result considering physical modeling.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention obtains process modeling for the construction work and simulates the process to obtain the result value, and graphical simulation process for obtaining the graphic modeling for the construction work and visualizing it by linking the result value. It includes.

The process simulation process may include constructing a mathematical / statistical simulation model for a corresponding construction process, obtaining a result for each event of the constructed model, and analyzing the result to obtain desired data.

The graphic simulation process may include generating a graphic object through a visualization program, generating a script instructing the operation of the graphic object for graphic simulation, and using the data obtained through the process simulation process as an input value of a script. Visualizing the movement of the object.

As a result, mathematical / statistical simulation results expressed numerically can be visualized using graphic animation, thereby providing an easy understanding of the simulation results and increasing reliability.

In this case, the mathematical / statistical simulation is preferably performed through SIGMA (Simulation Graphical Modeling and Analysis), which is a discrete event simulation program.

In addition, the process of building the discrete event simulation program may be performed by identifying the properties of the components, determining the state variables, identifying the events, and detailing the relationships between the events.

In addition, the visualization program is preferably made through the World UP (EAI-Sense8 Prodects) program, which is a virtual reality program development environment.

In addition, the graphic modeling through the visualization program is preferably built as an object-oriented model for interaction between the graphical objects, such as equipment, materials.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a flow chart of a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work according to an embodiment of the present invention, 3 and 4 are flowcharts specifically illustrating a process and a graphic modeling process of a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown, in this embodiment, the construction process simulation method is performed through the linkage between the simulation event modeling program (SIGMA) and the virtual reality program development environment (UPUP), which is a discontinuous event simulation program to visually simulate the construction work required. Is done.

Therefore, the simulation method is a process simulation process for modeling the process through the discontinuous event simulation program (S100), deriving data according to the simulation result for this process (S110 ~ S120), and the world UP, a virtual reality program development environment. Graphical modeling through (S130), and reflects the data according to the simulation result to the graphic object (S140 ~ S150) to create a graphic object movement (S160) includes a graphic simulation process.

In this embodiment, SIGMA, a discrete event simulation program, is used for the process modeling because the process modeling is easy and the result in the form of a text file can be obtained, and thus it is easy to use as an input value of another program. Other programs are not limited to this and other programs can be used as well as new developments as long as the required requirements are met.

In more detail, the process modeling process (S100) includes a process of creating a scenario for a corresponding construction process (S200), a process of identifying components and attributes of the created scenario (S210), and a process of determining state variables ( S220), an event identification process (S230) and a process of detailing the event relationship (S240).

The scenario creation process (S200) is different depending on the nature of the construction work, etc. and is not particularly limited.

In addition, the process of identifying the component and its attributes (S210) may be understood as a process of distinguishing unique or temporary components in the system and distinguishing the attributes of each component.

In addition, in the process of determining the state variables (S220), the state variables may be understood as variables representing the state of each component of the system.

In addition, the event may be defined as a change in the state of the components.

Through the process modeling process (S100), the occurrence of simulation and the change of state variables over time can be calculated to finally derive a simulation result, and the result can be analyzed to obtain the required data. (S110 ~ S120)

Meanwhile, referring to a graphic simulation process for visualizing the process modeling result graphically, first, a graphic object is generated through a graphic modeling process using WorldUP, a virtual reality program development environment.

The graphic modeling process (S130) is performed through a process of analyzing work information such as drawings (S300), a process of modeling terrain (S310), and a process of modeling equipment (S320).

Here, in the graphical modeling, the terrain model may use CAD, and is not particularly limited.

In addition, the modeling of the equipment (S320) is an object-oriented model for the working environment, such as equipment, materials, etc., each part is mutually considered in consideration of the materials handled by the equipment and its lower elements affected by the movement of the equipment. To build the model.

When the graphic model is constructed and a graphic object is generated, a script for controlling the movement of the graphic object is generated through the program (S140).

The WorldUP (EAI-Sense8 Products) provides a software development and production environment for creating 3D virtual reality applications. The program provides a convenient user interface to create graphical objects, and write scripts using the BasicScript language to add the behavior of objects for graphical simulation. These scripts are written so that the results of the process simulation program (SIGMA) can be reflected in the visualization.

In this embodiment, the WorldUP ™ (EAI-Sense8 Products) program is used for the graphic modeling, which is suitable for the visualization of the construction process by providing a software development and production environment for creating a 3D virtual reality application. For this reason, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other programs may be used as well as new development as long as the necessary requirements are satisfied.

Therefore, the result obtained through the process simulation can be used as an input value of the script file defining the movement of the graphic object, and the program can be finally made by moving the script to the graphic object. S160)

EXAMPLE

In the following embodiment, the target for visualizing the results of the process simulation is limited to earthworking to describe a process / graphic integrated simulation method according to earthworking.

SIGMA was used to obtain the results of the construction process simulation for the earthwork, and this program provides an interactive approach to producing the results from the discrete event simulation model. As mentioned above, we first created a scenario, and then constructed a discrete event simulation model of the earthwork process by identifying components and attributes, identifying state variables, identifying events, and detailing the relationships between events.

Figure 5 shows a simple simulation model for the earthwork work constructed through the above process.

Referring to the above drawings, firstly, earthwork is a specialized construction field that carries large amounts of atypical objects from one place to another. The earthwork process can be classified into four tasks: load, haul, dump, and return.

1. Create a scenario

First, a simple scenario for earthwork was created. In this scenario, one loader and six dump trucks are used, and the average time required for each operation is independent and uniformly distributed in consideration of work speed and moving distance of equipment. According to the type, it can be assumed that this embodiment takes 4.75 minutes for the loader, 21 minutes for the transport, 3.5 minutes for the dump, and 19 minutes for the return. Various analyzes are performed by adjusting the loader and dump truck combinations. .

In addition, the dump truck operates according to the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) rules, so the order between dump trucks does not change.

2. Identify components and attributes

Unique or temporary components in the system and their properties are classified as follows.

Loader: work time, status variable, capacity

Trucks: work hours, status variables, work capacity

3. Confirmation of state variables

State variables are needed to represent the state of the system elements.

Loader status (Loader: 0/1 = busy / idle)

Number of trucks waiting for loading

4. Identify the incident

The change in the state of the components is defined as an event, and the following events are assumed to occur in relation to earthwork.

Ride: At the start, the trucks are waiting for the loading operation, and the loader starts loading up the soil to one of the waiting trucks.

Transport: Trucks loaded with earth and sand begin transporting.

Loader wait: After loading, the loader returns to standby.

Get Off: The truck starts to unload soil to Sato.

Return: After getting off, the truck returns to the loading point.

Truck Waiting: A truck that returns to the loading point waits when the loader and other trucks are loading.

5. Detailing Event Relationships

Depending on the relationship between events, the state variable will be changed as follows.

Ride: The state variables of the loader according to the loading operation, Loader = 0 (busy), the number of trucks waiting for the loader, Truck = Truck-1, transportation is planned after the loading.

Transport: A transport is planned to follow the transport.

Loader waiting: After loading, the loading of the loader starts immediately if the loader's status variable, Load = 1 (idle), and Truck> 0.

Get off: Following the get off, return is planned.

Return: A truck wait is planned following the return.

Truck Waiting: Number of trucks waiting to return, Truck = Truck + 1, if Loader> 0, loading starts.

When the process model of earthwork is constructed through the above process in the SIGMA program, some results are obtained by simulating the model.

6 and 7 illustrate the change of the state variable loader and truck over time.

As shown in the figure, it can be seen at what time the loader or truck returns to the standby state through this simulation.

In FIG. 6, the loader state variable between the parts indicated by the arrow is 1, which means that the loader is in the standby state. As a result, at the same time indicated by the arrow in FIG. Notice that there is no single truck at the loading point.

8 shows a part of the text file obtained by simulating the process model of the earthworks.

In the text file of the figure, the process simulation model including the state variable and the initial condition shows the start time of each event and the state of the state variable according to time.

The time required for each task can be derived from the events obtained here, that is, the time of loading, transporting, unloading and returning from the earthworks and their relationship. For example, since one truck carries out a conveying operation after the unloading operation, the time required for the unloading operation can be obtained by subtracting the time when the unloading starts from the time at which the conveying starts.

Table 1 below shows the process of calculating the time required from the start time of the work.

TABLE 1

Job name Work time expression Calculation process Ride (LOAD1) LD1 LD1 = HAUL1-LOAD1 Transport (HAUL1) HD1 HD1 = DUMP1-HAUL1 Get off (DUMP1) DD1 DD1 = RETURN1-DUMP1 RETURN1 RD1 RD1 = TRWLD2-RETURN1 Total (TOTAL1) TD1 TD1 = LD1 + HD1 + DD1 + RD1 + TD1

Meanwhile, a graphic simulation process for visualizing the process modeling result graphically is as follows.

The text file obtained through the SIGMA is loaded using a script when graphic modeling using WorldUP, which is a virtual reality program development environment, and the script defines operations to be performed by graphic objects at a corresponding time through comparison with simulation time.

In addition, scripts were written to effectively visualize the flow of trucks, loaders, and soils by linking the results of process simulations to dynamic earthworks processes.

In the present embodiment, the terrain model of the graphic simulation was loaded into the program after modeling similar to the real terrain using CAD, and for the visualization of the moving soils, a schematic model of the soil pile was formed at the load and dump points and their scale ( Scale) was used to adjust the expression.

In addition, in order to effectively visualize simulation results such as work time and waiting time in earthworks, an object-oriented model is applied to equipment, materials and working environment. Therefore, each part was modeled interactively, taking into account the materials handled by the equipment, as well as its underlying factors affected by the movement of the equipment.

For example, in the case of the loader, which is an equipment, an arm installed on the body of the loader, a bucket installed at the tip of the arm, and soils contained in the bucket are composed of lower elements. If raised, the bucket installed at the tip of the loader's arm should be raised and the soil contained in the bucket must move in the same way. Therefore, by applying the object-oriented model, as described above, the lower elements, which are each object, can interact with each other.

When graphic objects are generated through object-oriented modeling, the program generates a script that controls the movement of the graphic object, and defines the movement of the graphic objects by using the text file obtained through the process simulation as an input value of the script. do.

That is, the work time was calculated from the results of the start time, transportation, disembarkation, and return start time obtained in the process simulation, and the calculated work time is stored in a text file to define the motion of each graphic object. It is used as an input value.

The movement of the graphical objects is defined using the BasicScript language in WorldUP. In order to move an object within a certain working time, information about its location and duration must be defined.

The following pseudo code is part of an example of moving an object from the position of (x0, y0, z0) to the position of (x2, y2, z2) for the time t2 as in Example 1.

[Example 1]

t0 (x0, y0, z0) ==> t1 (x1, y1, z1) ==> t2 (x2, y2, z2)

T = Simulation Time

set obj = Truck1

dim pos as vect3d

If T <= (t1-t0) then

obj.gettranslation pos

pos.x = x0 + (x1-x0) / (t1-t0) * T

pos.y = y0 + (y1-y0) / (t1-t0) * T

pos.z = z0 + (z1-z0) / (t1-t0) * T

obj.settranslation pos

End if

If (t1-t0) <T <= (t2-t0)

obj.gettranslation pos

pos.x = x1 + (x2-x1) / (t2-t1) * (T-t1)

pos.y = y1 + (y2-y1) / (t2-t1) * (T-t1)

pos.z = z1 + (z2-z1) / (t2-t1) * (T-t1)

obj.settranslation pos

end if

Where T, t0, and t2 are the time of the system, the time when the movement starts, and the time when the movement ends (the start time of the continuous operation), and t1 is the midpoint between the starting point and the arrival point (x1, y1). , z1) is the time when the object arrived.

In the earthwork simulation, the plane coordinates of the devices are continuously updated in the same way. In addition, in this embodiment, the equipment is rotated according to the movement path so that the traveling direction is correct.

9 is a final illustration of the overall appearance of the earthwork work finally visualized through the above process, Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the loading and unloading work scene of the earthworks.

As shown in the above-described screen, based on the work time obtained from the output of the discontinuous event simulation program SIGMA, the work pattern of the loader, truck, etc. and the movement of the earth and sand during the earthwork can be visualized using the WorldUP program.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the claims and the detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. Naturally, it belongs to the range of.

As described above, according to the present invention, the construction process such as earthwork is visually checked first, thereby efficiently optimizing the combination of construction equipment, establishing the equipment operation plan, reviewing constructability, and solving the uncertainty of construction work. Can be operated.

In addition, even in constructions dealing with atypical objects, the output of mathematical / statistical simulations can be analyzed and the results can be represented by graphical visualization, thereby increasing the confidence in the results.

In addition, more realistic and accurate simulation results considering physical modeling can be obtained, thereby increasing reliability.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a flowchart of a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 and 4 are flowcharts specifically illustrating a process and a graphic modeling process of a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a diagram illustrating a process model constructed by process modeling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a graph showing the change of the state variable of the loader with time as a result of the process simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a graph showing the change of the state variable of the truck over time as a result of the process simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a diagram illustrating a text file obtained according to a process simulation result according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9, 10, and 11 are screens showing a visualized state of a graphic simulation associated with a process simulation result according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (6)

A process modeling step of constructing a mathematical / statistical simulation model for the construction process, obtaining a result for each event of the constructed model, and analyzing the result to obtain desired data; A graphic modeling step of generating a graphic object through a visualization program, a script generation step of instructing the operation of the graphic object for graphic simulation, and visualizing the motion of the graphic object using the data as an input value of a script; Integrated process / graphic simulation method for construction projects, including graphical simulation. The method of claim 1, The mathematical / statistical simulation is a process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction work that is performed through the simulation event simulation program SIGMA (SIGMA). The method of claim 1, The process modeling step includes creating a scenario for the construction process, identifying the properties of the components, determining the state variables, identifying the events, and detailing the relationships between the events. Integrated process / graphic simulation method for building construction. The method of claim 1, The graphic modeling step includes the step of analyzing the work information, such as drawings, modeling the terrain, modeling the equipment process / graphic integrated linkage simulation method for construction. The method of claim 1, The visualization program is a process / graphic integrated simulation method for the construction work is carried out through the World UP (EAI-Sense8 Prodects) program is a virtual reality program development environment. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphic modeling is constructed as an object-oriented model for interaction between each object.