KR20050059031A - Method of loading dendritic cells with tumor antigen in vivo - Google Patents
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Abstract
본 발명은 수지상 세포(Dendritic cell)를 이용하여 암을 치료하기 위하여 제안된 항종양 면역능이 향상된 수지상 세포의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 구체적으로는 체내 종양조직에 방사선을 조사하여 세포자연사(apoptosis)를 유발하고, 세포자연사로 산생된 종양항원이 미성숙 수지상세포에 탑재되도록 종양조직 내부에 미성숙 수지상세포를 주입함으로써 체내(in vivo)에서 수지상세포에 종양항원을 탑재시키는 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method for producing dendritic cells with improved antitumor immunity, which is proposed for treating cancer using dendritic cells. Specifically, apoptosis is induced by irradiation of tumor tissues in the body. The present invention relates to a method of mounting tumor antigens on dendritic cells in vivo by injecting immature dendritic cells into tumor cells so that tumor antigens generated by natural death are mounted on immature dendritic cells.
Description
본 발명은 수지상 세포(Dendritic cell)를 이용하여 암을 치료하기 위하여 제안된 항종양 면역능이 향상된 수지상세포의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, total cell lysates를 항원원으로 하는 기존의 수지상세포 암 면역치료를 원리로 하여 방사선이 조사된 종양조직내에 수지상세포를 주입하는 방법과 항원을 수지상세포에 전기천공(electroporation)법 및 펄스(pulse)법으로 탑재(loading)하여 환자에 투여하는 방법 등 새로운 방식의 항종양 면역능이 향상된 수지상세포의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing dendritic cells with improved anti-tumor immunity, which is proposed for treating cancer using dendritic cells, and the principle of conventional dendritic cell cancer immunotherapy using total cell lysates as an antigen source. New antitumor methods such as injecting dendritic cells into the irradiated tumor tissue and administering the antigen to dendritic cells by electroporation and pulse It relates to a method for producing dendritic cells with improved immune capacity.
최근에는, 암으로 인한 사망의 근본적인 해결이 힘든 이유는 고전적인 암치료법의 부작용과 미세 전이 암세포와 그들의 유전적인 불안정(genetic instability)으로 인한 내성획득에 기인한다. 따라서 재발성 암에 대하여는 이렇다 할 치료법이 없다고 하여도 과언이 아니다. In recent years, the fundamental challenge of death from cancer is due to the side effects of classical cancer therapies and the acquisition of resistance due to micrometastatic cancer cells and their genetic instability. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that there is no cure for recurrent cancer.
따라서 면역감시체계에 근간을 두는 항종양백신의 개발이 대두되고 있다. 현재까지 합성 펩타이드 백신, 유전자 백신, 열충격단백질 백신 등 다양한 방안이 고안되었으나, 수지상 세포를 이용한 방법이 가장 효과적인 것으로 손꼽히고 있다. 수지상 세포는 생체내의 가장 강력하고 중요한 항원제시세포인 관계로 항종양백신 뿐만 아니라 면역반응이 관여하는 대부분의 질환에서 그 응용 가치가 매우 높다. Therefore, the development of anti-tumor vaccines based on the immune surveillance system is emerging. To date, various methods such as synthetic peptide vaccine, genetic vaccine, and heat shock protein vaccine have been devised, but methods using dendritic cells are considered to be the most effective. Since dendritic cells are the most potent and important antigen presenting cells in vivo, their application value is very high in most tumor-related diseases as well as anti-tumor vaccines.
그러나, 아직까지 수지상 세포를 이용한 면역치료법의 표준화는 이루어지지 않고 있으며 각 연구기관 별로 그 효과를 극대화하고 조절을 용이하게 하기 위한 여러 가지 방법을 발굴하고 있다. 면역체계가 종양을 인지하고 공격하는 능력이 있음은 잘 알려져 있다. 체액성 및 세포성 면역 모두 종양의 용해에 관여하지만 대부분의 경우에 종양 항원의 특이적 인지를 통한 종양의 퇴축(regression)은 세포면역이 관여한다. 특히 CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)가 종양세포를 인지하고 사멸시킬 수 있다는 것이 여러 모델에서 증명되었다 (1. Boon, T., J.C. Cerottini, B. Van den Eynde, P. van der Bruggen, and A. Van Pel. 1994. Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 12:337. 2. Celluzzi, C.M., J.I. Mayordomo, W.J. Storkus, M.T. Lotze, and L.D. Falo, Jr. 1996. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells induce antigen-specific CTL-mediated protective tumor immunity. J Exp Med 183, 1:283. 3. Feltkamp, M.C., H.L. Smits, M.P. Vierboom, R.P. Minnaar, B.M. de Jongh, J.W. Drijfhout, J. ter Schegget, C.J. Melief, and W.M. Kast. 1993. Vaccination with cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope-containing peptide protects against a tumor induced by human papillomavirus type 16- transformed cells. Eur J Immunol 23, 9:2242.3). 수지상 세포(dendritic cell)는 면역반응을 유발시킬 수 있는 유일한 항원제시 세포(antigen-presenting cell)로서 암과 감염 질환의 항원특이 면역치료에 광범위하게 사용되어 왔다(Banchereau, J., F. Briere, C. Caux, J. Davoust, S. Lebecque, Y.J. Liu, B. Pulendran, and K. Palucka. 2000. Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 18:767.). T 세포가 종양 특이적인 방식으로 종양세포를 인지하고 사멸시킬 수 있도록 수지상 세포가 초기화 할 수 있는 능력은 여러 동물 모델에서 보고 된 바 있다. 또한 수지상 세포를 기반으로 한 면역(immunization)은 면역학적인 memory를 유발하여 추후의 종양 발생도 막을 수 있게 한다.However, standardization of immunotherapies using dendritic cells has not yet been made, and various research institutes are exploring various methods for maximizing the effect and facilitating the regulation. It is well known that the immune system has the ability to recognize and attack tumors. Both humoral and cellular immunity are involved in tumor lysis, but in most cases tumor regression through the specific recognition of tumor antigens is involved in cellular immunity. In particular, CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) is that it can recognize and kill tumor cells has been demonstrated in several models (1. Boon, T., JC Cerottini , B. Van den Eynde, P. van der Bruggen, and A. . Van Pel 1994. Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes Annu Rev Immunol 12:.. 337 2. Celluzzi, CM, JI Mayordomo, WJ Storkus, MT Lotze, and LD Falo, Jr. 1996. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells induce antigen- specific CTL-mediated protective tumor immunity.J Exp Med 183, 1: 283. 3. Feltkamp, MC, HL Smits, MP Vierboom, RP Minnaar, BM de Jongh, JW Drijfhout, J. ter Schegget, CJ Melief, and WM Kast 1993. Vaccination with cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope-containing peptide protects against a tumor induced by human papillomavirus type 16- transformed cells.Eur J Immunol 23, 9: 2242.3). Dendritic cells are the only antigen-presenting cells that can induce an immune response and have been used extensively in antigen-specific immunotherapy for cancer and infectious diseases (Banchereau, J., F. Briere, C. Caux, J. Davoust, S. Lebecque, YJ Liu, B. Pulendran, and K. Palucka. 2000. Immunobiology of dendritic cells.Annu Rev Immunol 18: 767.). The ability of dendritic cells to initialize so that T cells recognize and kill tumor cells in a tumor-specific manner has been reported in several animal models. Immunization based on dendritic cells also triggers immunological memory, preventing future tumor development.
수지상 세포는 전체 순환 백혈구의 단지 약 0.3%를 차지할 뿐이지만 대식세포와는 구별되는 표현형을 지닌 이질적인 집단으로 구성되어있다. 수지상 세포는 비교적 약한 항원제시능력을 지닌 B 세포나 대식세포와는 달리 강력한 항원제시세포라는 점에서 차별화 된다. 수지상 세포는 다양한 lineages에서 유래됨이 알려져 있으나, 보통 수지상 세포는 IL-4와 GM-CSF로 자극된 단핵구나 또는 단핵구 전구체(CD34+ cell)에서 유래되어 vaccine protocol에 사용된다. 미성숙한 수지상 세포는 효과적으로 아포토시스(apoptotic) 또는 괴사(necrotic) 세포, 세균 그리고 특정항원이나 수용성 단백질에서 효과적으로 항원 epitope를 추출한다. Apoptotic body 포획, macropinocytosis 그리고 mannose receptor나 CD32 또는 CD64 수용체를 통한 endocytosis 등의 여러 가지 기전으로 수지상세포 내로 들어온 항원은 일련의 과정을 거쳐 주조직복합체(MHC)와 complex를 형성하게 된다.Dendritic cells make up only about 0.3% of the total circulating leukocytes but are composed of heterogeneous populations with a phenotype distinct from macrophages. Dendritic cells are differentiated in that they are powerful antigen presenting cells, unlike B cells or macrophages, which have relatively weak antigen presenting ability. Dendritic cells are known to be derived from a variety of lineages, but usually dendritic cells are derived from monocytes or monocyte precursors (CD34 + cells) stimulated with IL-4 and GM-CSF and used in vaccine protocols. Immature dendritic cells effectively extract antigenic epitopes from apoptotic or necrotic cells, bacteria, and specific antigens or soluble proteins. Antigens that enter the dendritic cells through a variety of mechanisms, such as apoptotic body capture, macropinocytosis, and endocytosis via mannose receptors or CD32 or CD64 receptors, form a complex with the main tissue complex (MHC).
포획된 항원은 MHC class II 구획으로 운반되고 처리되어 peptide-MHC 복합체로 제시되어 CD4+ T cell 반응을 유도한다. 나아가서 최근에 수지상 세포가 외부에서 유입된 항원에 대하여 proteasome 및 TAP의존성 기전에 의해 MHC I 분자를 통하여 제시할 능력이 있음이 증명되었다. 따라서 수지상 세포는 외부 항원에 대해서 특별한 처리과정을 통해 T 세포 및 B 세포 모두를 자극할 수 있다. 수지상세포의 이러한 특성 때문에 현재 암 면역치료에 많이 활용하고 있다.The captured antigens are transported to MHC class II compartments and treated to present peptide-MHC complexes to induce CD4 + T cell responses. Furthermore, it has recently been demonstrated that dendritic cells are capable of presenting through MHC I molecules by proteasome and TAP-dependent mechanisms for externally introduced antigens. Thus, dendritic cells can stimulate both T and B cells through special processes for foreign antigens. Because of these characteristics of dendritic cells, they are currently used for cancer immunotherapy.
수지상세포 암 염역치료 임상시험시 가장 흔히 사용되는 항원은 epitope peptide이다. 그러나 peptide 항원은 환자의 암종에서 이 항원이 제시되고 있는지 확인되어야 하고, 항원성 peptide가 복합체를 형성할 수 있는 특정 HLA type을 가진 환자에서만 사용이 가능하다. 그리고 미국이나 유럽에서도 동정된 항원 peptide가 많지 않고, 우리나라에서는 아직 확인된 종양 항원을 전혀 확보하고 있지 못하며, 특히 본 연구에서 대상으로 하고자 하는 소화기암 및 호흡기암의 항원은 전 세계적으로도 거의 밝혀진 바 없다. 또한 종양항원을 구명하는 작업은 대단히 많은 시간을 요한다. 따라서 우리나라에서 당장 peptide 항원을 수지상세포 암 면역치료에 이용하는 것은 불가능한 실정이다. Epitope peptides are the most commonly used antigen in clinical trials of dendritic cell cancer. However, peptide antigens should be confirmed to be present in the carcinoma of the patient and can only be used in patients with specific HLA types capable of complexing antigenic peptides. In addition, there are not many antigen peptides identified in the United States or Europe, and there are no tumor antigens identified in Korea. In particular, the antigens of the gastrointestinal and respiratory cancers to be studied in this study are almost all over the world. none. In addition, the task of screening tumor antigens is very time consuming. Therefore, it is impossible in Korea to use peptide antigen for immunotherapy for dendritic cell cancer.
이러한 문제점들을 피하기 위해서 미확인 TAA (total cell lysates, apoptotic/necrotic cells, total mRNA, tumor cells fused with DC 등)을 항원으로 사용하고자 하는 시도가 많이 있으나, 미확인 TAA를 수지상세포에 탑재(loading)하는 방법들도 결점이 있다. Total cell lysates는 주로 CD4+ helper T 세포를 주로 자극시키고, mRNA는 종양 조직 또는 세포로부터 직접 분리해야하는 불편이 있고, apoptotic cell은 종양 조직으로부터 암세포를 분리·증식시켜 apoptosis를 일으킨 다음 수지상 세포와 같이 배양해야하는 결점이 있으며, 암세포와 수지상 세포의 융합은 종양 조직으로부터의 암세포 분리 증식이 요구된다. 본 연구실에서는 보건복지부와 한국과학재단의 지원으로 이러한 결점들을 보완하고자 연구한 바, 방사선이 조사된 종양조직내에 수지상세포를 주입하는 방법(Intra-lesional method)과 항원을 수지상세포에 전기천공(electroporation)으로 탑재(loading)하는 방법 등 새로운 방식의 수지상세포 암면역치료법을 개발하였다.To avoid these problems, there have been many attempts to use unidentified TAA (total cell lysates, apoptotic / necrotic cells, total mRNA, tumor cells fused with DC, etc.) as antigens.How to load unidentified TAA into dendritic cells There are also drawbacks. Total cell lysates mainly stimulate CD4 + helper T cells, and mRNA is inconvenient to separate directly from tumor tissue or cells, and apoptotic cells separate and multiply cancer cells from tumor tissue to cause apoptosis and then culture with dendritic cells. There is a drawback, and the fusion of cancer cells and dendritic cells requires the isolation and proliferation of cancer cells from tumor tissue. In order to compensate for these shortcomings with the support of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, the laboratory introduced an intra-lesional method and antigen-electroporation into dendritic cells. We developed a new method of dendritic cell cancer immunotherapy, such as loading.
보건복지부와 국립암센터가 발표한 '2000년 암등록사업 조사결과’에 따르면 전체 암발생 건수 가운데 후진국형인 위암, 자궁경부암의 비율은 갈수록 낮아지는 반면, 선진국형인 대장암, 유방암, 폐암 등은 비율이 높아지는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 2000년 한해 동안 등록된 전체 암 발생 건수는 8만3,846건으로 1999년 대비 1.9% 증가했다고 한다. 이들 암중 소화기암의 분포는 단연 수위를 달리고 있다. 즉 남자의 경우 위암, 간암, 대장암이 각각 24.5%, 16.3%, 10.2%로 암 발생의 반이상을 차지하고 있으며, 여자의 경우에도 위암 및 대장암의 발생이 15.8%, 10.5%로 증가하고 있다. 한편 호흡기암 중 폐암은 우리나라에서도 최근 들어 발병 빈도가 현저히 증가하여 전체 암 중에서 위암 다음으로 2위(11.5%)이고 암 사망률에 있어서 수위를 차지할 정도이다.According to the results of the 2000 Cancer Registration Project published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the National Cancer Center, the proportion of cancers in the stomach and cervical cancers, which are backward-type, decreases gradually while the proportion of advanced cancers such as colorectal, breast and lung cancers This was found to be higher. Meanwhile, the number of cancer cases registered during the year 2000 was 82,846, up 1.9% from 1999. The distribution of gastrointestinal cancers among these cancers is far from high. For men, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer account for more than half of cancers, at 24.5%, 16.3%, and 10.2%, respectively. In women, the incidence of gastric cancer and colon cancer has increased to 15.8% and 10.5%. . On the other hand, lung cancer among respiratory cancers has recently increased significantly in Korea, ranking second only to gastric cancer (11.5%) among all cancers, and occupying the level in cancer mortality.
진단기술의 발달로 인한 암 조기검진과 예방의식의 확산 및 수술, 방사선치료 및 항암화학요법의 발전에도 불구하고 암 발생률과 암으로 인한 사망률이 줄어들지 않고 있다는 사실은 기존의 암 치료법 개선 또는 새로운 치료법의 도입이 절실함을 의미한다. 고전적인 암 치료법인 외과적 절제 또는 방사선 치료의 경우 원격 미세전이 병변이 남아 있을 수 있으며, 항암치료도 골수의 파괴에 의한 조혈기능의 억제로 인한 부작용 및 종양세포의 항암제 내성 발현이 될 경우 치료에 효과적이지 않다. 따라서 치료내성 및 부작용을 최소화하면서 minimal residual lesion을 근절할 수 있는 방안은 암 재발을 방지하여 암으로 인한 사망률을 획기적으로 감소시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 점에서 면역치료법 특히 수지상세포를 이용한 면역치료법은 가장 효과적인 항종양백신으로서의 가능성을 제시하고 있다.The fact that cancer incidence and mortality due to cancer have not decreased despite the early diagnosis of cancer, the proliferation of preventive consciousness and the advancement of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy due to the development of diagnostic technology. It means the introduction is urgent. Surgical resection or radiotherapy, a classic cancer treatment, may result in distant micrometastatic lesions.In addition, chemotherapy can be used to treat side effects due to inhibition of hematopoietic function by destruction of bone marrow and tumor cell resistance. Not effective Therefore, the method of eradicating minimal residual lesion while minimizing treatment tolerance and side effects will prevent cancer recurrence and drastically reduce mortality caused by cancer. In this regard, immunotherapy, particularly immunotherapy using dendritic cells, offers potential as the most effective anti-tumor vaccine.
본 발명은 암 면역치료제로 사용하기 위한 미성숙 수지상세포에 종양항원을 탑재시키는 방법에 있어서 종래의 방법보다 항종양 면역능이 향상된 수지상세포의 제조방법을 제공하고자 한다.The present invention is to provide a method for producing dendritic cells with improved anti-tumor immunity than conventional methods in the method for mounting the tumor antigen in immature dendritic cells for use as cancer immunotherapy.
즉, 방사선이 조사된 종양조직내에 수지상세포를 주입하는 방법과 항원을 수지상세포에 전기천공(electroporation)으로 탑재(loading)하여 환자에 투여하는 방법 등 새로운 방식의 수지상세포 암 면역치료법을 개발하였다. 전자의 방법은 방사선 조사에 의해 apoptosis(세포자연사)가 유발된 종양 조직내부에 정확하게 수지상세포를 직접 주입하므로 효과를 나타내고 종양조직을 분리해야하는 불편이 없으며, 후자의 방법은 단백질 항원을 세포질내로 직접 유입시킬 수 있기 때문에 암세포를 죽이는데 직접 관여하는 CD8+ cytotoxic T cell을 더 많이 자극시킬 수 있다. 본 발명은 total cell lysates를 항원원으로 하는 기존의 수지상세포 암 면역치료를 원리로 하여 위 기술을 도입하여 의약품화 하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.In other words, a new method of dendritic cell cancer immunotherapy has been developed, such as a method of injecting dendritic cells into the irradiated tumor tissue and a method of loading antigens into the dendritic cells by electroporation and administering them to the patient. The former method is effective in injecting dendritic cells directly into the tumor tissue where apoptosis has been induced by irradiation, and there is no inconvenience to separate tumor tissue. The latter method directly introduces protein antigens into the cytoplasm. It can stimulate CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, which are directly involved in killing cancer cells. An object of the present invention is to introduce the above technology on the basis of the conventional dendritic cell carcinoma immunotherapy using the total cell lysates as an antigen source for its purpose.
본 연구자들이 실시한 실험의 결과로 수지상 세포를 이용한 세포 독성 실험에서 방사선이 조사된 종양내부에 정확하게 미성숙 수지상 세포를 주사함으로서 형성된 성숙 수지상세포가 면역을 자극하고 면역자극에 의한 면역력이 종양세포에 대한 효능 실험의 결과로 세포독성이 현저히 증가함이 관찰 되었으며, 또한 종양항원을 체외에서 탑재한 성숙한 수지상 세포를 투여하는 경우에도 인터루킨-2의 뚜렷한 증가를 보였다. 또한 고형 종양을 대상으로 실시한 실험 결과에서도 뚜렷한 효과를 보여주고 있다.As a result of the experiments performed by the researchers, the mature dendritic cells formed by injecting immature dendritic cells accurately into the irradiated tumors in the cytotoxicity experiment using dendritic cells stimulated immunity and the immunity caused by the immunostimulation effect on the tumor cells. As a result of the experiment, a significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed, and there was also a marked increase in interleukin-2 in the administration of mature dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens in vitro. In addition, the experimental results of solid tumors show a clear effect.
(실시예)(Example)
이하, 본 발명의 실제 실험 예를 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the actual experimental example of the present invention will be described in detail.
이하의 실험 예에서는 암면역치료제로서의 수지상세포(Dendritic cell)를 이용한 실험을 예시한 것이다. 실험의 결과로 고형암에 대한 항 종양 효과와 인터루킨-2가 증가하는 결과를 보이고 있다.The following experimental example illustrates the experiment using dendritic cells as cancer immunotherapy. As a result of the experiment, the antitumor effect on solid cancer and the increase of interleukin-2 are shown.
[실시예 1]Example 1
MCA102 fibrosarcoma 세포를 syngeneic C57BL/6 mouse(6~8 주령, 암컷)의 오른쪽 대퇴부의 피하에 주사하여 종양의 직경이 8 mm 정도 될 때까지 키워 종양이 있는 대퇴부를 Linac 방사선 조사기(Semens mevatron 67)의 방사선 조사 영역에 두고 15 Gy의 방사선량을 조사한 후 종양내에 동종 수지상 세포를 주사한다. 이 과정을 매주 1회씩 3번 반복한 후 1주후 종양이 없는 대조군, 종양만 있는 군, 방사선 조사를 하지 않은 종양내에 동종 수지상 세포를 주입한 군, 종양에 방사선 조사를 한 군, 방사선 조사를 한 후 동종 수지상 세포를 주사한 군 등의 mouse로부터 splenocyte를 분리하여 종양세포에 대한 cytotoxicity를 측정하였다. 일정량의 종양세포에 대하여 Splenocytes를 5배 10배 20배 비율로 처리한 후의 상대적인 세포독성을 관찰하였다.MCA102 fibrosarcoma cells were injected subcutaneously in the right thigh of a syngeneic C57BL / 6 mouse (6-8 weeks old, female) until the tumor was about 8 mm in diameter and the femoral thighs of the Linac irradiator (Semens mevatron 67) The radiation dose of 15 Gy is placed in the radiation area and allogeneic dendritic cells are injected into the tumor. Repeat this process 3 times a week, and after 1 week, control group without tumor, group with tumor only, group injected with allogeneic dendritic cells in the non-irradiated tumor, group irradiated with radiation, Afterwards, splenocytes were isolated from mice injected with allogeneic dendritic cells, and cytotoxicity of tumor cells was measured. Relative cytotoxicity after treatment of Splenocytes at 5 times 10 times 20 times ratio was observed for a certain amount of tumor cells.
그 결과 종양만 있는 군에서는 종양이 없는 대조군과 마찬가지로 cytotoxicity를 나타내지 않았으며, 방사선 조사를 하지 않은 종양내에 동종 수지상 세포를 주입한 군과 종양에 방사선 조사를 한 군에서는 약간의 cytotoxicity를 보였다. 그러나 방사선 조사를 한 후 동종 수지상 세포를 주사한 군에서는 다른 군과는 달리 현저한 cytotoxicity를 보였다. 따라서 방사선이 조사된 종양내에 수지상 세포를 주사함으로써 향종양 면역능을 현저히 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. (도 3 참조)As a result, the tumor-only group showed no cytotoxicity as the control group without the tumor, and the group injected with allogeneic dendritic cells in the non-irradiated tumor and the group exposed to the tumor showed some cytotoxicity. However, the group injected with allogeneic dendritic cells after irradiation showed significant cytotoxicity unlike other groups. Therefore, injection of dendritic cells into the irradiated tumors can significantly increase the tumor tumor immunity. (See Figure 3)
그리고 종양에 방사선 조사를 한 군, 방사선 조사를 한 후 동종 수지상 세포를 주사한 군 등에서 반대측 등에 형성된 종양 치료 효과를 관찰하였을 때 우측 대퇴부의 종양에 방사선만 조사한 경우에는 치료 효과가 관찰되지 않았으나, 우측 대퇴부의 종양에 방사선을 조사한 후 수지상세포를 주입한 경우에는 육안적 관찰 결과로서 현저한 치료효과를 관찰할 수 있었다 (도 1 참조). 고형암을 농도별로 투여한 후 자라고 있는 고형암의 크기를 대조로하였다(청색). 시험군에는 고형암을 만든 후 방사선을 처리하고 미성숙 수지상세포를 투여하여 성장이 억제된 종양의 크기를 비교 측정하였다(붉은 색). 결과로 효과가 확실하여 6주후에 최대농도의 종양세포를 투여한 시험군 1마리를 제외하고 모두 치료가 되어 고형암이 관찰되지 않았으며 종양이 남아있는 1마리도 평균 250 mm2이상의 크기가 50 mm2 이하로 현격히 줄어 들고 있는 결과를 보이고 있다(도 2 참조).In the case of irradiation of the tumor, the injection of allogeneic dendritic cells after irradiation, and the like, the effect of tumor formation on the opposite side was observed. When dendritic cells were injected after irradiation to the tumor of the thigh, significant therapeutic effects were observed as a result of visual observation (see FIG. 1). Solid cancers were administered by concentration and the size of the solid cancers growing was the control (blue). In the test group, solid tumors were made, treated with radiation, and immature dendritic cells were administered to compare the size of tumors with growth inhibition (red). Results to a certain effect is a one and all treatment except for the test group 1 administered with tumor cells of the maximum concentration to 6 weeks after a solid tumor that has not been observed in one animal with a tumor remains the average 250 mm 2 or more of size 50 mm by The results are significantly reduced below 2 (see FIG. 2).
[실시예 2]Example 2
OVA(4 mg/ml)를 전기천공(electroporation)시키고 OVA를 세척한 후 16시간 배양한 군(E), OVA(4 mg/ml)를 16시간 동안 pulse시킨 군(P), OVA를 전기천공(electroporation)시킨 직후 OVA를 16시간 동안 추가로 pulse시킨 군(E + P)의 수지상 세포를 이용하여 RF33.70(MHC class I) 또는 DO.11.10(MHC class II) 세포에서 IL-2 산생양을 측정한 결과, E 군이 P 군 보다 효과적으로 OVA를 MHC class I으로 제시함을 알 수 있었고, E + P 군은 E 군보다 더 많이 OVA를 MHC class I 으로 제시함을 알 수 있었으며 (Fig. 1A), 예상한 바대로 P 군이 E 군보다 OVA를 MHC class II로 더 많이 제시하였고, E + P 군은 P 군보다 OVA를 MHC class II로 더 많이 제시함을 알 수 있었다 (Fig. 1B). 이 결과로 보아 항원을 수지상 세포에 전기천공(electroporation) 시킴으로써 항원을 MHC class I 으로 효과적으로 제시할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, MHC class II로도 항원을 더 많이 제시하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 전기천공(electroporation)은 면역능을 효과적으로 증가시킬 수 있는 방법으로 예상된다.Electroporation of OVA (4 mg / ml) and incubation for 16 hours after washing OVA (E), group of pulsed OVA (4 mg / ml) for 16 hours (P), electroporation of OVA IL-2 production in RF33.70 (MHC class I ) or DO.11.10 (MHC class II ) cells using dendritic cells in group (E + P) further pulsed OVA for 16 hours immediately after electroporation The results showed that E group presented OVA as MHC class I more effectively than P group, and E + P group showed more OVA as MHC class I than E group (Fig. 1A) As expected, P group presented more OVA as MHC class II than E group, and E + P group presented more OVA as MHC class II than P group (Fig. 1B). ). The results suggest that the antigen can be effectively presented in MHC class I by electroporation to dendritic cells, and more antigens can be presented in MHC class II . Electroporation is therefore expected to be an effective way to increase immune function.
(A)(A)
(B)(B)
Fig 1. MHC class I (A) and II (B) presentation of OVA by dendritic cells after electroporation (E), pulse (P) and combination of both (E + P).MHC class I (A) and II (B) presentation of OVA by dendritic cells after electroporation (E), pulse (P) and combination of both (E + P).
[실시예 3]Example 3
전기천공(electroporation)으로 OVA를 동종 수지상 세포에 pulse시켰을 때 EG7 세포(EL4 cells transfected with an OVA cDNA)에 대한 splenocyte의 cytotoxicity 조사에서는 전기천공(electroporation)이 효과적으로 OVA를 MHC Class I 으로 presentation시킨다면, OVA-electroporated DC으로 C57BL/6 mouse를 감작시켰을 때 OVA-pulsed DC로 감작시켰을 때 보다 더 효율적으로 특이적 면역능을 일으키는 지를 확인하기 위하여 OVA를 전기천공(electroporation)시키고 OVA를 세척한 후 16시간 배양한 군(E), OVA를 16시간 동안 pulse시킨 군(P), OVA를 전기천공(electroporation)시킨 직후 OVA를 16시간 동안 추가로 pulse시킨 군(E + P)의 수지상 세포(1 x 106 세포)로 매주 1회씩 총 3회 C57BL/6 mouse의 오른쪽 옆구리의 피하에 주사한 다음, 1주 후에 splenocyte를 분리하여 EG7 세포(EL4 cells transfected with an OVA cDNA)에 대한 세포독성을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 E 군이 P 군보다 세포 독성이 더 강했으며, E + P 군의 세포독성은 E 군보다 더 강하게 나타났다 (Fig. 2A). 그리고 같은 실험을 EL4 세포에 대해서 실행했을 때 모든 군에서 세포 독성이 관찰되지 않았다 (Fig. 2B). 이 결과는 EG7 세포에 대한 세포독성이 OVA에 특이적임을 나타내며, 전기천공(electroporation)이 MHC class I 을 통한 항원제시를 증가시켜 면역능을 효과적으로 증가시킬 수 있음을 보였다.Investigation of the cytotoxicity of splenocytes against EG7 cells (EL4 cells transfected with an OVA cDNA) when OVA was pulsed into allogeneic dendritic cells by electroporation If electroporation effectively presents OVA as MHC Class I , it is more efficient to confirm that specific immunity is generated more efficiently than when sensitized with OVA-pulsed DC when C57BL / 6 mice are sensitized with OVA-electroporated DC. OVA was electroporated and the OVA was incubated for 16 hours after washing the group (E), OVA was pulsed for 16 hours (P), and OVA was added for 16 hours immediately after electroporation (OVA). Dendritic cells of the pulsed group (E + P) (1 x 10 6 cells) were injected once a week in the subcutaneous of the right flank of C57BL / 6 mouse, and after 1 week, splenocytes were isolated and EG7 cells (EL4). cytotoxicity against cells transfected with an OVA cDNA). As a result, group E was more cytotoxic than group P, and cytotoxicity of group E + P was stronger than group E (Fig. 2A). And when the same experiment was performed on EL4 cells, no cytotoxicity was observed in all groups (Fig. 2B). The results indicate that cytotoxicity to EG7 cells is specific for OVA, and that electroporation can effectively increase immunity by increasing antigen presentation through MHC class I.
(A)(A)
(B)(B)
Fig. 2. Induction of OVA-specific cytotoxic activity by dendritic cells, into which OVA was loaded by electroporation(E), pulse (P) and combination of both (E + P).Fig. 2.Induction of OVA-specific cytotoxic activity by dendritic cells, into which OVA was loaded by electroporation (E), pulse (P) and combination of both (E + P).
그리고, 위와 같은 방법으로 마우스에 처치한 다음 1주 후에 왼쪽 등에 EG7 및 EL4 세포를 심은 뒤 종양 발생 억제 효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 E군과 P군은 비슷한 정도의 종양 발생 억제 효과를 보였으며, E + P 군에서는 종양 발생 억제 효과가 매우 높게 나타났다 (Fig. 3). 그리고 같은 실험을 EL4 세포에 대해서 실행했을 때 모든 군에서 종양 발생억제 효과가 관찰되지 않았다.In addition, after one week of treatment with the mouse as described above, EG7 and EL4 cells were planted on the left side and the tumor growth inhibitory effect was observed. As a result, E and P group showed similar tumor suppression effect, and E + P group showed very high tumor suppression effect (Fig. 3). And when the same experiment was performed on EL4 cells, tumor suppression effect was not observed in all groups.
Fig. 3. OVA-specific preventive antitumor immunity induced by immunization with DCs, into which OVA was loaded by electroporation (E), pulse (P) or both (E + P).Fig. 3.OVA-specific preventive antitumor immunity induced by immunization with DCs, into which OVA was loaded by electroporation (E), pulse (P) or both (E + P).
상기한 구성의 본 발명에 따르면, 수지상세포를 이용한 암면역치료제는 암치료에 효과적임을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서 새로 개발한 수지상세포 암면역치료법을 이용하여 거의 모든 고형암 치료에 적용(항원을 수지상세포에 전기천공(electroporation)으로 탑재(loading)하는 방법)할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 암조직을 확보하고 있지 않는 환자에게서도 방사선이 조사된 종양내에 미성숙 수지상세포를 암조직 병변(Intra-lesion)에 정확하게 넣어 치료를 할 수 있으며, 방사선 조사에 의해 apoptosis(세포자연사)가 유발된 종양 조직내부에 정확하게 수지상세포를 직접 주입하므로 종양조직을 분리하여야 하는 불편이 없고 효과면에서도 매우 향상된 결과를 나타낸다.According to the present invention of the above configuration, cancer immunotherapy using dendritic cells has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cancer. The newly developed dendritic cell cancer immunotherapy method can be applied to the treatment of almost all solid cancers (the method of loading antigens into the dendritic cells by electroporation) as well as securing cancer tissue. In immature patients, immature dendritic cells can be accurately inserted into cancerous tissue lesions (Intra-lesion) and treated with radiation, and dendritic cells can be accurately inserted into tumor tissues where apoptosis is induced by irradiation. Since it is injected directly, there is no inconvenience to separate tumor tissue, and the effect is very improved.
도 1은 종양에 방사선 조사를 한 군(IR), 종양에 방사선 조사를 한 후 동종 수지상 세포를 주사한 군(IR + DCs)에서 반대측 등에 형성된 종양 치료 효과를 관찰하였을 때 우측 대퇴부의 종양에 방사선만 조사한 경우에는 치료 효과가 관찰되지 않았으나, 우측 대퇴부의 종양에 방사선을 조사한 후 좌측 등에서 수지상세포를 주입한 경우에는 현저한 치료효과를 관찰할 수 있었다.Figure 1 shows the radiation to the tumor in the right thigh when the tumor treatment effect was observed in the group irradiated to the tumor (IR), the group irradiated to the tumor and then injected with allogeneic dendritic cells (IR + DCs). In the case of irradiation only, no treatment effect was observed, but when the dendritic cells were injected from the left back after irradiation to the tumor of the right thigh, a remarkable therapeutic effect was observed.
도 2는 고형암을 농도별로 투여한 후 자라고 있는 고형암의 크기를 대조로하였다(청색). 시험군에는 고형암을 만든후 방사선을 처리하고 미성숙 수지상세포를 투여하여 성장이 억제된 종양의 크기를 비교 측정하였다(붉은 색). 결과로 효과가 확실하여 6주후에 최대농도의 종양세포를 투여한 시험군 1마리를 제외하고 모두 치료가 되어 고형암이 관찰되지 않았으며 종양이 남아있는 1마리도 평균 250 mm2이상의 크기가 50 mm2 이하로 현격히 줄어 들고 있는 결과를 보이고 있다.Figure 2 contrasts the size of solid cancers growing after administration of solid cancers by concentration (blue). In the test group, solid tumors were made, treated with radiation, and immature dendritic cells were administered to compare the size of tumors with growth inhibition (red). Results to a certain effect is a one and all treatment except for the test group 1 administered with tumor cells of the maximum concentration to 6 weeks after a solid tumor that has not been observed in one animal with a tumor remains the average 250 mm 2 or more of size 50 mm by It is showing a result that is greatly reduced to 2 or less.
도 3는 종양이 없는군(Tm (-), 종양 대조군(Tm(+)),수지상세포 처리군(DCs), 방사선 조사군(IR), 방사선 조사후 수지상세포 처리군으로 시험군(IR + DCs)을 나누어 실험을 실시한 결과 IR + DCs 군에서 가장 효과적인 세포독성을 보여 암 면역 치료능력이 높음을 알 수 있다.Figure 3 is a tumor-free group (Tm (-), tumor control group (Tm (+)), dendritic cell treatment group (DCs), irradiation group (IR), dendritic cell treatment group after irradiation test group (IR + Experiments by dividing DCs) showed the most effective cytotoxicity in the IR + DCs group, indicating a high ability to treat cancer.
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