KR20050006920A - Cold forging process - Google Patents

Cold forging process Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20050006920A
KR20050006920A KR1020030046909A KR20030046909A KR20050006920A KR 20050006920 A KR20050006920 A KR 20050006920A KR 1020030046909 A KR1020030046909 A KR 1020030046909A KR 20030046909 A KR20030046909 A KR 20030046909A KR 20050006920 A KR20050006920 A KR 20050006920A
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work
cold forging
set time
heating
maintaining
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KR1020030046909A
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Korean (ko)
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KR100551285B1 (en
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정동재
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현대자동차주식회사
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a cold forging process capable of improving operating ratio of forging press by solving a problem of crack formation on product and reducing product manufacturing process. CONSTITUTION: The cold forging process comprises a step of cutting a work; a normalizing step of air cooling the heated work after heating the cut work to 850 deg.C and maintaining a heating temperature to 850 deg.C for a first set time; a spheroidizing step of air cooling the work at 640 deg.C through slow cooling(furnace cooling) while maintaining the work at a set temperature for a set time per respective steps after heating the normalized work to 730 deg.C and maintaining a heating temperature to 730 deg.C for a second set time; a step of shot blasting the spheroidizing completed work; a step of pretreating(lubricating) the shot blasting completed work; and a step of cold forging the pretreatment completed work by composite forming consisting of forward extrusion, up setting and backward extrusion.

Description

냉간 단조 공정{COLD FORGING PROCESS}Cold Forging Process {COLD FORGING PROCESS}

본 발명은 냉간 단조 공정에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a cold forging process.

통상적으로, 일반적인 냉간 단조품 제조공정은 도 1에 도시된 바와 같다.Typically, a general cold forging manufacturing process is as shown in FIG.

1차 단조 : ① 소재 절단 ⇒ ② 소준 ⇒ ③ 구상화 소둔 ⇒ ④ 1차 쇼트 블라스트(Shot/Blast) ⇒ ⑤ 1차 전(윤활)처리 ⇒ ⑥ 단조 1, 2공정1st forging: ① Cutting material ⇒ ② Catching ⇒ ③ Spheroidal annealing ⇒ ④ 1st shot blast ⇒ ⑤ 1st pre-lubrication ⇒ ⑥ 1st and 2nd process

2차 단조 : ⑦ 2차 구상화 소둔 ⇒ ⑧ 2차 쇼트 블라스트 ⇒ ⑨ 2차 윤활 처리 ⇒ ⑩ 단조 3공정Secondary forging: ⑦ Secondary spheroidizing annealing ⇒ ⑧ Second shot blasting ⇒ ⑨ Secondary lubrication ⇒ ⑩ Forging three step

기계 구조용 합금강인 니켈-크롬-몰리브덴강(SNCM材)은 구상화 소둔이 어려운 재질이고, 낮은 연신율, 높은 변형 저항 등으로 인해 성형 중 단조 크랙이 발생하기 쉬운 이유로 상기한 바와 같이 단조 공정을 분할하여 공정 중간에 2차 소둔, 쇼트 블라스트, 윤활 처리를 추가하여 단조 완성품을 생산하고 있다.Nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (SNCM 材), an alloy steel for mechanical structures, is a material that is difficult to be spheroidized and annealed, and the process is performed by dividing the forging process as described above because of low elongation and high deformation resistance. Secondary annealing, shot blast and lubrication are added in the middle to produce forged finished products.

상기한 바와 같이 단조 성형중 발생되는 제품 크랙을 방지하기 위해 단조 공정을 1차와 2차로 분할하고, 1차 단조와 2차 단조 공정간에 2차 구성화 소둔을 추가하여도 제품 크랙 불량이 1∼5% 발생한다.As described above, even if the forging process is divided into primary and secondary to prevent product cracks generated during forging molding, and secondary constituent annealing is added between the primary and secondary forging processes, product crack defects are 1 to 1, respectively. 5% occurs.

그리고, 단조 공정 중에 2차 구상화 소둔, 쇼트 블라스트, 윤활 처리 공정이 추가됨에 따라 제조 공정이 복잡하여 제품 제조원가 상승의 요인이 되고있다.In addition, as the secondary spheroidizing annealing, shot blasting, and lubricating treatment processes are added during the forging process, the manufacturing process is complicated, which causes a rise in product manufacturing cost.

또한, 종래에는 제품을 생산하기 위해 단조 설비(프레스)에 2번 투입해야 하기 때문에 단조 설비의 효율을 저하시키는 문제점이 있었다.In addition, in the related art, in order to produce a product, since it has to be put twice in a forging facility (press), there is a problem of lowering the efficiency of the forging facility.

본 발명의 목적은 제품 크랙 불량을 해소하고 공정 감소를 통해 단조 프레스 가동율을 향상시킬 수 있는 냉간 단조 공정을 제공하는데 있다.An object of the present invention is to provide a cold forging process that can eliminate the product crack failure and improve the forging press operation rate through the process reduction.

도 1은 종래 기술에 따른 냉간 단조 공정을 도시한 도면.1 shows a cold forging process according to the prior art.

도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 냉간 단조 공정을 도시한 도면.Figure 2 illustrates a cold forging process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 냉간 단조 공정에 있어서, 소재를 절단하는 단계와; 850℃로 가열하고, 제1 설정 시간동안 가열 온도를 유지한 후 공냉하여 소준하는 단계와; 730℃로 가열하고 제2 설정 시간동안 가열 온도를 유지한 후 각각의 단계별 설정 온도와 설정 시간을 유지하여 서냉(로냉)을 거쳐 640℃에서 공냉하여 구상화 소둔하는 단계와; 구상화 소둔 완료된 소재를 쇼트 블라스트(Shot/Blast)하는 단계와; 쇼트 블라스트 완료된 소재를 전(윤활)처리하는 단계와; 전처리 완료된 소재를 전방 압출, 업세팅, 후방 압출의 복합 성형으로 냉간 단조하는 단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention to achieve the above object, in the cold forging process, cutting the material; Heating to 850 ° C., maintaining the heating temperature for a first set time, and then air cooling to sterilize; Heating to 730 ° C. and maintaining a heating temperature for a second set time, followed by air cooling at 640 ° C. through a slow cooling (low cooling) to maintain the set temperature and the set time for each step; Shot blasting (Shot / Blast) the spheroidized annealing finished material; Pre-lubricating the shot blasted material; And cold forging the pre-processed material by complex molding of forward extrusion, upsetting, and backward extrusion.

이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다. 하기 설명 및 첨부 도면과 같은 많은 특정 상세들이 본 발명의 보다 전반적인이해를 제공하기 위해 나타나 있으나, 이들 특정 상세들은 본 발명의 설명을 위해 예시한 것으로 본 발명이 그들에 한정됨을 의미하는 것은 아니다. 그리고 본 발명의 요지를 불필요하게 흐릴 수 있는 공지 기능 및 구성에 대한 상세한 설명은 생략한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While many specific details are set forth in order to provide a more general understanding of the invention, such as the following description and the annexed drawings, these specific details are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not meant to limit the invention thereto. And a detailed description of known functions and configurations that may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention will be omitted.

본 발명의 실시예는 냉간 단조성이 극히 열악한 재료(니켈-크롬-몰리브덴강, SNCM522재)를 최적의 구상화 소둔 사이클의 개발에 의해 제품 크랙이 없는 다단 복합성형 냉간 단조 공정을 특징으로 한다.Embodiments of the present invention feature a multi-stage, multi-component cold forging process without product cracking by developing an optimal spheroidizing annealing cycle for materials with extremely poor cold forging (nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel, SNCM522).

여기서, 복합성형이라 함은 전방 압출, 업세팅, 후방 압출이 복합된 성형 공정을 말한다.Here, the composite molding refers to a molding process in which forward extrusion, upsetting, and backward extrusion are combined.

그리고, 피가공재의 변형능을 향상시키기 위해 최적의 열처리(소준, 소둔) 조건을 개발하여 제품 제조공정을 1회 단조로 완성품을 생산하도록 축소하였다.In addition, in order to improve the deformation performance of the workpiece, the optimum heat treatment (annealing, annealing) conditions were developed and the product manufacturing process was reduced to produce a finished product in one forging.

도 2를 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 냉간 단조 공정을 설명한다.Referring to Figure 2 describes a cold forging process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

① 소재 절단 ⇒ ② 소준 ⇒ ③ 구상화 소둔 ⇒ ④ 쇼트 블라스트(Shot/Blast) ⇒ ⑤ 전(윤활) 처리 ⇒ ⑥ 복합 성형으로 냉간 단조 공정(1, 2, 3공정)① Material cutting ⇒ ② Annealing ⇒ ③ Spheroidal annealing ⇒ ④ Shot blast ⇒ ⑤ Pre-lubrication ⇒ ⑥ Cold forging by composite molding (1, 2, 3 steps)

소준 단계는 850℃로 가열하고, 제1 설정 시간(105분)동안 가열 온도를 유지한 후 공냉하여 소준한다.The collimation step is heated to 850 ° C, maintained at a heating temperature for a first set time (105 minutes), and then cooled by air cooling.

구상화 소둔하는 단계는 730℃로 가열하고 제2 설정 시간(314분)동안 가열 온도를 유지한 후 각각의 단계별 설정 온도와 설정 시간을 유지하여 서냉(로냉)을 거쳐 640℃에서 공냉하여 구상화 소둔한다.The step of nodular annealing is carried out by heating to 730 ° C. and maintaining the heating temperature for a second set time (314 minutes), and then maintaining the set temperature and set time for each step and cooling by air at 640 ° C. through slow cooling (low cooling) to form nodule .

구상화 소둔하는 각각의 단계별 설정 온도와 설정 시간은 다음과 같다.The set temperature and set time for each stage of nodular annealing are as follows.

730℃에서 314분 ⇒ 710℃에서 206분 ⇒ 685℃에서 206분 ⇒ 655℃에서 103분 ⇒ 640℃에서 공랭314 minutes at 730 ° C ⇒ 206 minutes at 710 ° C ⇒ 206 minutes at 685 ° C ⇒ 103 minutes at 655 ° C ⇒ air cooling at 640 ° C

구상화 소둔 공정은 여러 가지 방법이 있는데, A1변태점과 A3변태점 사이의 온도로 가열 유지하여 탄화물을 석출시키고 노내(爐內)에서 서냉에 의해 석출된 망상의 탄화물 조직을 구상으로 변태(연화)시켜 소재의 소성 변형능을 향상시킬 목적으로 한다.The spheroidization annealing process has various methods, and it is heated and maintained at the temperature between A1 transformation point and A3 transformation point to precipitate carbide and transform the network of carbide structure precipitated by slow cooling in the furnace into spheroid. It aims at improving the plastic deformation ability of the.

이어서, 구상화 소둔 완료된 소재를 쇼트 블라스트(Shot/Blast)하고, 쇼트 블라스트 완료된 소재를 전(윤활)처리한다.Subsequently, the spheroidized annealing finished material is shot blasted (Shot / Blast), and the shot blasted finished material is pre-lubricated.

전처리 단계는 피가공재와 금형재 사이의 마찰열로 인한 소착을 방지하고, 마찰계수를 낮게하여 마찰에 의한 변형 저항의 상승을 줄여 금형수명 향상의 목적으로 한다.The pretreatment step is to prevent the ignition due to the frictional heat between the workpiece and the mold material, and to lower the coefficient of friction to reduce the increase in deformation resistance due to friction, thereby improving mold life.

전처리 완료된 소재를 전방 압출, 업세팅, 후방 압출의 복합 성형으로 냉간 단조한다.The pretreated material is cold forged by a combination of forward extrusion, upsetting and back extrusion.

상기한 바와 같이 본 발명의 실시예는 1차, 2차 단조로 단조 공정이 분할되었던 종래의 단조 공정을 1회 단조로 단조 완성품을 생산하도록 공정 최적화함에 따라 2차 구상화 소둔, 2차 쇼트 블라스트, 2차 윤활 처리를 삭제한다.As described above, the embodiment of the present invention is a secondary spheroidizing annealing, a second shot blasting, by optimizing the process to produce a forged finished product in a single forging of the conventional forging process that was divided into a forging process into a first and a second forging. Eliminate secondary lubrication.

상술한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 냉간 단조 공정은 제품 크랙 불량을 해소하여 공정간 반제품을 없앰으로써 공장 공간을 효율적으로 활용할 수 있으며, 2차구상화 소둔, 2차 쇼트 블라스트, 2차 윤활 처리 비용을 절감할 수 있다.As described above, the cold forging process according to the present invention can effectively utilize plant space by eliminating product defects and eliminating semi-finished products, and reducing the cost of secondary spheroidization annealing, secondary shot blast, and secondary lubrication treatment. can do.

또한, 단조 프레스 가동율 효율을 향상하는 효과가 있다.In addition, there is an effect of improving the forging press operation rate efficiency.

기존 시간당 생산대수(UPH) : 180개(360/2)Existing Production Hours (UPH): 180 (360/2)

본 발명의 실시예에 따른 시간당 생산대수(UPH) : 360개(프레스 고유 시간당 생산대수(UPH))Production time per hour (UPH) according to an embodiment of the present invention: 360 (press specific production hourly (UPH))

또한, 단조 제품 제조 리드타임 감소(50%)의 효과가 있다.In addition, there is an effect of reducing lead time of manufacturing forged products (50%).

Claims (1)

냉간 단조 공정에 있어서,In the cold forging process, 소재를 절단하는 단계와;Cutting the workpiece; 850℃로 가열하고, 제1 설정 시간동안 가열 온도를 유지한 후 공냉하여 소준하는 단계와;Heating to 850 ° C., maintaining the heating temperature for a first set time, and then air cooling to sterilize; 730℃로 가열하고 제2 설정 시간동안 가열 온도를 유지한 후 각각의 단계별 설정 온도와 설정 시간을 유지하여 서냉(로냉)을 거쳐 640℃에서 공냉하여 구상화 소둔하는 단계와;Heating to 730 ° C. and maintaining a heating temperature for a second set time, followed by air cooling at 640 ° C. through a slow cooling (low cooling) to maintain the set temperature and the set time for each step; 구상화 소둔 완료된 소재를 쇼트 블라스트(Shot/Blast)하는 단계와;Shot blasting (Shot / Blast) the spheroidized annealing finished material; 쇼트 블라스트 완료된 소재를 전(윤활)처리하는 단계와;Pre-lubricating the shot blasted material; 전처리 완료된 소재를 전방 압출, 업세팅, 후방 압출의 복합 성형으로 냉간 단조하는 단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉간 단조 공정.Cold forging process comprising the step of cold forging the pre-processed material by the composite molding of the front extrusion, upsetting, back extrusion.
KR1020030046909A 2003-07-10 2003-07-10 Cold forging process KR100551285B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

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KR101330641B1 (en) * 2010-08-20 2013-11-18 주식회사 태웅 A Manufacturing method for profiled ring of Ni-base superalloy for obtaining a uniform microstructure
CN114749592A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-07-15 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 Method for eliminating 9Cr18 martensitic stainless steel network carbide

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KR100892159B1 (en) * 2007-05-28 2009-04-07 주식회사 세림티앤디 Shank for core drill manufactured by cold forging process and Method thereof
CN110076272A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-08-02 昆山众诚精密锻造有限公司 A kind of 1215 material forging technologies

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101330641B1 (en) * 2010-08-20 2013-11-18 주식회사 태웅 A Manufacturing method for profiled ring of Ni-base superalloy for obtaining a uniform microstructure
CN114749592A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-07-15 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 Method for eliminating 9Cr18 martensitic stainless steel network carbide
CN114749592B (en) * 2022-04-18 2024-01-02 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 Method for eliminating 9Cr18 martensitic stainless steel net-shaped carbide

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